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• Generic Http Module

  - by MartinF

  The problem I am trying to make a generic http module in asp.net C# for handling roles defined by an enum which i want to be able to change by a generic parameter. This will make it possible to use the generic module with any kind of enum defined for each project. The module hooks into the Authenticate event of the FormsAuthenticationModule, and is called on each request to the website. The module exposes public events which could be defined in the global.asax. But i cant seem to figure out how to make the generic http module work like a non generic module. There is 3 main problems. I cant register the generic http module in the web.config like any other module as i cant specify the generic parameter, or is possible somehow ? The way to solve that as far as i can figure out is to create a non-generic http module that intializes the generic HttpModule (the generic parameter is defined in a custom section for the module in the web.config). But that introduces the next problem. I cant find out how to make the public events exposed by the generic module available to hook into through the global.asax as you would normally do with a non-generic module by just making a public method with the name like ModuleClassName_PublicEventName. The init() method on the http module gets an reference to the HttpApplication object created in the global.asax. I dont know if it somehow could be possible with reflection to search for the methods and if they are defined in the global.asax (HttpApplication super class) hook them up with the correct event handler ? or if any methods on the HttpApplication object can be used? How would i store and later get a reference to the generic module created in the non-generic module ? I can get the non-generic module with HttpContext.Current.ApplicationInstance.Modules.Get("TheModule"); but is there any way i can store a reference to the generic module in the non-generic module (cant figure out how it should be possible), or store it somewhere else so i can always get it? If I can get a reference to the generic module from the global.asax etc. the events mentioned in nr. 2 can be manually wired to the methods. Thoughts and other possible solutions Instead of registering the module in the web.config it can be manually initialized by overridding the Init method of the HttpApplication and calling the Init method on the module. But that will introduce some new problems. The module will no longer be added to the the ModulesCollection. So I will need to store a reference somewhere else. This could be done with a property in the global.asax, and by implementing an interface, or by creating an generic abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, that the global.asax could inherit from. In the generic abstract base type i could also override the init method. It will still not automatically hook up methods in the global.asax with events in the generic module. If it is possible with reflection to search for defined methods in the super type of the HttpApplication it could be automatically done that way. But i can wire the methods in the global.asax with the events in the generic module manually either in the Init method or anywhere else by getting reference to the generic module. It doesnst really need to implement the IHttpModule interface if i choose to manually initalize the generic module. I could just aswell move all the code to the abstract base type inheriting from the HttpApplication. I would prefer to register the module simply by defining it in the web.config as it will be the easiest and most natural / logical solution. Also it would be great if it could be kept as a HttpModule instead of having to define a an abstract base type inheriting from HttpApplication, else it will be more thighed up and not as loose and plugable as i wanted it to be (but maybe it is not possible). Another alternative would be to make it all static. As far as i can figure out i would have to somehow make sure that only one method can be added to the public static events, so it wont add a reference each time a new instance of the global.asax is created. I simply cant find out what is the best solution. I have been messing around with this and thinking about it for days now. Maybe there is an option that i havent thought of ? Hope anyone out there can help me.

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• Tabular (X)HTML forms

  - by detly

  I have a set of items that can be in various states. I want to allow a user to use an (X)HTML form to change the state, and easily view the state of a group of objects ...so to this end, I'd like a layout like: | item1 | radio button for state 1 | radio for state 2 | ... | [update button] | | item2 | radio button for state 1 | radio for state 2 | ... | [update button] | etc. I prefer the radio buttons to list boxes so that it's easy for a user to visually scan for things in a certain state. It seemed like perfectly tabular data to me. The only problem is, you can't have forms inside a table that cross table cells (ie. <tr> <form> <td> ... is invalid). I thought, "hey, I could have one giant form wrapping a table, and make the [update button] value contain the IDs for each row!" Turns out certain versions of IE send ALL THE SUBMIT BUTTON VALUES on any single form. So I thought perhaps to to lay it out with <div>s and place the forms inside a single <td>. But then they break a line on each <div>. So I fixed their width and made them float: left. But then they wrap inside the table cells if the table row is wider than the page, and the radio controls don't line up with the headings. Is it possible to lay this out as I intend? The XHTML below shows the intended structure. Observe what happens if you resize the browser window below the width of the table (ideally, the name would break or the table would show a scroll bar). <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head><title>Test</title> <style type="text/css"> .state-select, .thing-state-name, .update { float: left; width: 8em; } .state-select { text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body> <table> <thead> <tr> <th class="thing-name-header">Thing</th> <th> <div class="thing-state-name">Present</div> <div class="thing-state-name">Absent</div> <div class="thing-state-name">Haven't looked</div> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Apple</td> <td> <form action="something" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="1" /> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="present" checked="checked" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="absent" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="unknown" /></div> <div class="update"><input type="submit" value="Update" /></div> </form> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orange</td> <td> <form action="something" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="2" /> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="present" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="absent" checked="checked" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="unknown" /></div> <div class="update"><input type="submit" value="Update" /></div> </form> </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Bowie</td> <td> <form action="something" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="3" /> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="present" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="absent" /></div> <div class="state-select"><input type="radio" name="presence" value="unknown" checked="checked" /></div> <div class="update"><input type="submit" value="Update" /></div> </form> </td></tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

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• How to include multiple XML files in a single XML file for deserialization by XmlSerializer in .NET

  - by harrydev

  Hi, is it possible to use the XmlSerializer in .NET to load an XML file which includes other XML files? And how? This, in order to share XML state easily in two "parent" XML files, e.g. AB and BC in below. Example: using System; using System.IO; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace XmlSerializerMultipleFilesTest { [Serializable] public class A { public int Value { get; set; } } [Serializable] public class B { public double Value { get; set; } } [Serializable] public class C { public string Value { get; set; } } [Serializable] public class AB { public A A { get; set; } public B B { get; set; } } [Serializable] public class BC { public B B { get; set; } public C C { get; set; } } class Program { public static void Serialize<T>(T data, string filePath) { using (var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath)) { var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); xmlSerializer.Serialize(writer, data); } } public static T Deserialize<T>(string filePath) { using (var reader = new StreamReader(filePath)) { var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); return (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader); } } static void Main(string[] args) { const string fileNameA = @"A.xml"; const string fileNameB = @"B.xml"; const string fileNameC = @"C.xml"; const string fileNameAB = @"AB.xml"; const string fileNameBC = @"BC.xml"; var a = new A(){ Value = 42 }; var b = new B(){ Value = Math.PI }; var c = new C(){ Value = "Something rotten" }; Serialize(a, fileNameA); Serialize(b, fileNameB); Serialize(c, fileNameC); // How can AB and BC be deserialized from single // files which include two of the A, B or C files. // Using ideally something like: var ab = Deserialize<AB>(fileNameAB); var bc = Deserialize<BC>(fileNameBC); // That is, so that A, B, C xml file // contents are shared across these two } } } Thus, the A, B, C files contain the following: A.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <A xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Value>42</Value> </A> B.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <B xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Value>3.1415926535897931</Value> </B> C.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <C xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Value>Something rotten</Value> </C> And then the "parent" XML files would contain a XML include file of some sort (I have not been able to find anything like this), such as: AB.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <AB xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <A include="A.xml"/> <B include="B.xml"/> </AB> BC.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <BC xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <B include="B.xml"/> <C include="C.xml"/> </BC> Of course, I guess this can be solved by implementing IXmlSerializer for AB and BC, but I was hoping there was an easier solution or a generic solution with which classes themselves only need the [Serializable] attribute and nothing else. That is, the split into multiple files is XML only and handled by XmlSerializer itself or a custom generic serializer on top of this. I know this should be somewhat possible with app.config (as in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/480538/use-xml-includes-or-config-references-in-app-config-to-include-other-config-files), but I would prefer a solution based on XmlSerializer. Thanks.

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• Threading extra state through a parser in Scala

  - by Travis Brown

  I'll give you the tl;dr up front I'm trying to use the state monad transformer in Scalaz 7 to thread extra state through a parser, and I'm having trouble doing anything useful without writing a lot of t m a -> t m b versions of m a -> m b methods. An example parsing problem Suppose I have a string containing nested parentheses with digits inside them: val input = "((617)((0)(32)))" I also have a stream of fresh variable names (characters, in this case): val names = Stream('a' to 'z': _*) I want to pull a name off the top of the stream and assign it to each parenthetical expression as I parse it, and then map that name to a string representing the contents of the parentheses, with the nested parenthetical expressions (if any) replaced by their names. To make this more concrete, here's what I'd want the output to look like for the example input above: val target = Map( 'a' -> "617", 'b' -> "0", 'c' -> "32", 'd' -> "bc", 'e' -> "ad" ) There may be either a string of digits or arbitrarily many sub-expressions at a given level, but these two kinds of content won't be mixed in a single parenthetical expression. To keep things simple, we'll assume that the stream of names will never contain either duplicates or digits, and that it will always contain enough names for our input. Using parser combinators with a bit of mutable state The example above is a slightly simplified version of the parsing problem in this Stack Overflow question. I answered that question with a solution that looked roughly like this: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ class ParenParser(names: Iterator[Char]) extends RegexParsers { def paren: Parser[List[(Char, String)]] = "(" ~> contents <~ ")" ^^ { case (s, m) => (names.next -> s) :: m } def contents: Parser[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = "\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil) | rep1(paren) ^^ ( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String) = parseAll(paren, s).map(_.toMap) } It's not too bad, but I'd prefer to avoid the mutable state. What I want Haskell's Parsec library makes adding user state to a parser trivially easy: import Control.Applicative ((*>), (<$>), (<*)) import Data.Map (fromList) import Text.Parsec paren = do (s, m) <- char '(' *> contents <* char ')' h : t <- getState putState t return $ (h, s) : m where contents = flip (,) [] <$> many1 digit <|> (\ps -> (map (fst . head) ps, concat ps)) <$> many1 paren main = print $ runParser (fromList <$> paren) ['a'..'z'] "example" "((617)((0)(32)))" This is a fairly straightforward translation of my Scala parser above, but without mutable state. What I've tried I'm trying to get as close to the Parsec solution as I can using Scalaz's state monad transformer, so instead of Parser[A] I'm working with StateT[Parser, Stream[Char], A]. I have a "solution" that allows me to write the following: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ import scalaz._, Scalaz._ object ParenParser extends ExtraStateParsers[Stream[Char]] with RegexParsers { protected implicit def monadInstance = parserMonad(this) def paren: ESP[List[(Char, String)]] = (lift("(" ) ~> contents <~ lift(")")).flatMap { case (s, m) => get.flatMap( names => put(names.tail).map(_ => (names.head -> s) :: m) ) } def contents: ESP[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = lift("\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil)) | rep1(paren).map( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String, names: Stream[Char]) = parseAll(paren.eval(names), s).map(_.toMap) } This works, and it's not that much less concise than either the mutable state version or the Parsec version. But my ExtraStateParsers is ugly as sin—I don't want to try your patience more than I already have, so I won't include it here (although here's a link, if you really want it). I've had to write new versions of every Parser and Parsers method I use above for my ExtraStateParsers and ESP types (rep1, ~>, <~, and |, in case you're counting). If I had needed to use other combinators, I'd have had to write new state transformer-level versions of them as well. Is there a cleaner way to do this? I'd love to see an example of a Scalaz 7's state monad transformer being used to thread state through a parser, but Scala 6 or Haskell examples would also be useful.

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• What does Ruby have that Python doesn't, and vice versa?

  - by Lennart Regebro

  There is a lot of discussions of Python vs Ruby, and I all find them completely unhelpful, because they all turn around why feature X sucks in language Y, or that claim language Y doesn't have X, although in fact it does. I also know exactly why I prefer Python, but that's also subjective, and wouldn't help anybody choosing, as they might not have the same tastes in development as I do. It would therefore be interesting to list the differences, objectively. So no "Python's lambdas sucks". Instead explain what Ruby's lambdas can do that Python's can't. No subjectivity. Example code is good! Don't have several differences in one answer, please. And vote up the ones you know are correct, and down those you know are incorrect (or are subjective). Also, differences in syntax is not interesting. We know Python does with indentation what Ruby does with brackets and ends, and that @ is called self in Python. UPDATE: This is now a community wiki, so we can add the big differences here. Ruby has a class reference in the class body In Ruby you have a reference to the class (self) already in the class body. In Python you don't have a reference to the class until after the class construction is finished. An example: class Kaka puts self end self in this case is the class, and this code would print out "Kaka". There is no way to print out the class name or in other ways access the class from the class definition body in Python. All classes are mutable in Ruby This lets you develop extensions to core classes. Here's an example of a rails extension: class String def starts_with?(other) head = self[0, other.length] head == other end end Ruby has Perl-like scripting features Ruby has first class regexps, $-variables, the awk/perl line by line input loop and other features that make it more suited to writing small shell scripts that munge text files or act as glue code for other programs. Ruby has first class continuations Thanks to the callcc statement. In Python you can create continuations by various techniques, but there is no support built in to the language. Ruby has blocks With the "do" statement you can create a multi-line anonymous function in Ruby, which will be passed in as an argument into the method in front of do, and called from there. In Python you would instead do this either by passing a method or with generators. Ruby: amethod { |here| many=lines+of+code goes(here) } Python: def function(here): many=lines+of+code goes(here) amethod(function) Interestingly, the convenience statement in Ruby for calling a block is called "yield", which in Python will create a generator. Ruby: def themethod yield 5 end themethod do |foo| puts foo end Python: def themethod(): yield 5 for foo in themethod: print foo Although the principles are different, the result is strikingly similar. Python has built-in generators (which are used like Ruby blocks, as noted above) Python has support for generators in the language. In Ruby you could use the generator module that uses continuations to create a generator from a block. Or, you could just use a block/proc/lambda! Moreover, in Ruby 1.9 Fibers are, and can be used as, generators. docs.python.org has this generator example: def reverse(data): for index in range(len(data)-1, -1, -1): yield data[index] Contrast this with the above block examples. Python has flexible name space handling In Ruby, when you import a file with require, all the things defined in that file will end up in your global namespace. This causes namespace pollution. The solution to that is Rubys modules. But if you create a namespace with a module, then you have to use that namespace to access the contained classes. In Python, the file is a module, and you can import its contained names with from themodule import *, thereby polluting the namespace if you want. But you can also import just selected names with from themodule import aname, another or you can simply import themodule and then access the names with themodule.aname. If you want more levels in your namespace you can have packages, which are directories with modules and an __init__.py file. Python has docstrings Docstrings are strings that are attached to modules, functions and methods and can be introspected at runtime. This helps for creating such things as the help command and automatic documentation. def frobnicate(bar): """frobnicate takes a bar and frobnicates it >>> bar = Bar() >>> bar.is_frobnicated() False >>> frobnicate(bar) >>> bar.is_frobnicated() True """ Python has more libraries Python has a vast amount of available modules and bindings for libraries. Python has multiple inheritance Ruby does not ("on purpose" -- see Ruby's website, see here how it's done in Ruby). It does reuse the module concept as a sort of abstract classes. Python has list/dict comprehensions Python: res = [x*x for x in range(1, 10)] Ruby: res = (0..9).map { |x| x * x } Python: >>> (x*x for x in range(10)) <generator object <genexpr> at 0xb7c1ccd4> >>> list(_) [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] Ruby: p = proc { |x| x * x } (0..9).map(&p) Python: >>> {x:str(y*y) for x,y in {1:2, 3:4}.items()} {1: '4', 3: '16'} Ruby: >> Hash[{1=>2, 3=>4}.map{|x,y| [x,(y*y).to_s]}] => {1=>"4", 3=>"16"} Python has decorators Things similar to decorators can be created in Ruby, and it can also be argued that they aren't as necessary as in Python.

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• How to associate Wi-Fi beacon info with a virtual "location"?

  - by leander

  We have a piece of embedded hardware that will sense 802.11 beacons, and we're using this to make a map of currently visible bssid -> signalStrength. Given this map, we would like to make a determination: Is this likely to be a location I have been to before? If so, what is its ID? If not, I should remember this location: generate a new ID. Now what should I store (and how should I store it) to make future determinations easier? This is for an augmented-reality app/game. We will be using it to associate particular characters and events with "locations". The device does not have internet or cellular access, so using a geolocation service is out of consideration for the time being. (We don't really need to know where we are in reality, just be able to determine if we return there.) It isn't crucial that it be extremely accurate, but it would be nice if it was tolerant to signal strength changes or the occasional missing beacon. It should be usable in relatively low numbers of access points (e.g. rural house with one wireless router) or many (wandering around a dense metropolis). In the case of a city, it should change location every few minutes of walking (continuously-overlapping signals make this a bit more tricky in naive code). A reasonable number of false positives (match a location when we aren't actually there) is acceptable. The wrong character/event showing up just adds a bit of variety. False negatives (no location match) are a bit more troublesome: this will tend to add a better-matching new location to the saved locations, masking the old one. While we will have additional logic to ensure locations that the device hasn't seen in a while will "orphan" any associated characters or events (if e.g. you move to a different country), we'd prefer not to mask and eventually orphan locations you do visit regularly. Some technical complications: signalStrength is returned as 1-4; presumably it's related to dB, but we are not sure exactly how; in my experiments it tends to stick to either 1 or 4, but occasionally we see numbers in between. (Tech docs on the hardware are sparse.) The device completes a scan of one-quarter of the channel space every second; so it takes about 4-5 seconds to get a complete picture of what's around. The list isn't always complete. (We are making strides to fix this using some slight sampling period randomization, as recommended by the library docs. We're also investigating ways to increase the number of scans without killing our performance; the hardware/libs are poorly behaved when it comes to saturating the bus.) We have only kilobytes to store our history. We have a "working" impl now, but it is relatively naive, and flaky in the face of real-world Wi-Fi behavior. Rough pseudocode: // recordLocation() -- only store strength 4 locations m_savedLocations[g_nextId++] = filterForStrengthGE( m_currentAPs, 4 ); // determineLocation() bestPoints = -inf; foreach ( oldLoc in m_savedLocations ) { points = 0.0; foreach ( ap in m_currentAPs ) { if ( oldLoc.has( ap ) ) { switch ( ap.signalStrength ) { case 3: points += 1.0; break; case 4: points += 2.0; break; } } } points /= oldLoc.numAPs; if ( points > bestPoints ) { bestLoc = oldLoc; bestPoints = points; } } if ( bestLoc && bestPoints > 1.0 ) { if ( bestPoints >= (2.0 - epsilon) ) { // near-perfect match. // update location with any new high-strength APs that have appeared bestLoc.addAPs( filterForStrengthGE( m_currentAPs, 4 ) ); } return bestLoc; } else { return NO_MATCH; } We record a location currently only when we have NO_MATCH and the app determines it's time for a new event. (The "near-perfect match" code above would appear to make it harder to match in the future... It's mostly to keep new powerful APs from being associated with other locations, but you'd think we'd need something to counter this if e.g. an AP doesn't show up in the next 10 times I match a location.) I have a feeling that we're missing some things from set theory or graph theory that would assist in grouping/classification of this data, and perhaps providing a better "confidence level" on matches, and better robustness against missed beacons, signal strength changes, and the like. Also it would be useful to have a good method for mutating locations over time. Any useful resources out there for this sort of thing? Simple and/or robust approaches we're missing?

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• compile time if && return string reference optimization

  - by Truncheon

  Hi. I'm writing a series classes that inherit from a base class using virtual. They are INT, FLOAT and STRING objects that I want to use in a scripting language. I'm trying to implement weak typing, but I don't want STRING objects to return copies of themselves when used in the following way (instead I would prefer to have a reference returned which can be used in copying): a = "hello "; b = "world"; c = a + b; I have written the following code as a mock example: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> std::string dummy("<int object cannot return string reference>"); struct BaseImpl { virtual bool is_string() = 0; virtual int get_int() = 0; virtual std::string get_string_copy() = 0; virtual std::string const& get_string_ref() = 0; }; struct INT : BaseImpl { int value; INT(int i = 0) : value(i) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } INT(BaseImpl& that) : value(that.get_int()) { std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return false; } int get_int() { return value; } std::string get_string_copy() { char buf[33]; sprintf(buf, "%i", value); return buf; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return dummy; } }; struct STRING : BaseImpl { std::string value; STRING(std::string s = "") : value(s) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return true; } int get_int() { return atoi(value.c_str()); } std::string get_string_copy() { return value; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return value; } }; struct Base { BaseImpl* impl; Base(BaseImpl* p = 0) : impl(p) {} ~Base() { delete impl; } }; int main() { Base b1(new INT(1)); Base b2(new STRING("Hello world")); Base b3(new INT(*b1.impl)); Base b4(new STRING(*b2.impl)); std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; return 0; } It was necessary to add an if check in the STRING class to determine whether its safe to request a reference instead of a copy: Script code: a = "test"; b = a; c = 1; d = "" + c; /* not safe to request reference by standard */ C++ code: STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } If was hoping there's a way of moving that if check into compile time, rather than run time.

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• Image/"most resembling pixel" search optimization?

  - by SigTerm

  The situation: Let's say I have an image A, say, 512x512 pixels, and image B, 5x5 or 7x7 pixels. Both images are 24bit rgb, and B have 1bit alpha mask (so each pixel is either completely transparent or completely solid). I need to find within image A a pixel which (with its' neighbors) most closely resembles image B, OR the pixel that probably most closely resembles image B. Resemblance is calculated as "distance" which is sum of "distances" between non-transparent B's pixels and A's pixels divided by number of non-transparent B's pixels. Here is a sample SDL code for explanation: struct Pixel{ unsigned char b, g, r, a; }; void fillPixel(int x, int y, SDL_Surface* dst, SDL_Surface* src, int dstMaskX, int dstMaskY){ Pixel& dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*x + dst->pitch*y)); int xMin = x + texWidth - searchWidth; int xMax = xMin + searchWidth*2; int yMin = y + texHeight - searchHeight; int yMax = yMin + searchHeight*2; int numFilled = 0; for (int curY = yMin; curY < yMax; curY++) for (int curX = xMin; curX < xMax; curX++){ Pixel& cur = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*(curX & texMaskX) + dst->pitch*(curY & texMaskY))); if (cur.a != 0) numFilled++; } if (numFilled == 0){ int srcX = rand() % src->w; int srcY = rand() % src->h; dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*srcX + src->pitch*srcY)); dstPix.a = 0xFF; return; } int storedSrcX = rand() % src->w; int storedSrcY = rand() % src->h; float lastDifference = 3.40282347e+37F; //unsigned char mask = for (int srcY = searchHeight; srcY < (src->h - searchHeight); srcY++) for (int srcX = searchWidth; srcX < (src->w - searchWidth); srcX++){ float curDifference = 0; int numPixels = 0; for (int tmpY = -searchHeight; tmpY < searchHeight; tmpY++) for(int tmpX = -searchWidth; tmpX < searchWidth; tmpX++){ Pixel& tmpSrc = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*(srcX+tmpX) + src->pitch*(srcY+tmpY))); Pixel& tmpDst = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*((x + dst->w + tmpX) & dstMaskX) + dst->pitch*((y + dst->h + tmpY) & dstMaskY))); if (tmpDst.a){ numPixels++; int dr = tmpSrc.r - tmpDst.r; int dg = tmpSrc.g - tmpDst.g; int db = tmpSrc.g - tmpDst.g; curDifference += dr*dr + dg*dg + db*db; } } if (numPixels) curDifference /= (float)numPixels; if (curDifference < lastDifference){ lastDifference = curDifference; storedSrcX = srcX; storedSrcY = srcY; } } dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*storedSrcX + src->pitch*storedSrcY)); dstPix.a = 0xFF; } This thing is supposed to be used for texture generation. Now, the question: The easiest way to do this is brute force search (which is used in example routine). But it is slow - even using GPU acceleration and dual core cpu won't make it much faster. It looks like I can't use modified binary search because of B's mask. So, how can I find desired pixel faster? Additional Info: It is allowed to use 2 cores, GPU acceleration, CUDA, and 1.5..2 gigabytes of RAM for the task. I would prefer to avoid some kind of lengthy preprocessing phase that will take 30 minutes to finish. Ideas?

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• Why SELECT N + 1 with no foreign keys and LINQ?

  - by Daniel Flöijer

  I have a database that unfortunately have no real foreign keys (I plan to add this later, but prefer not to do it right now to make migration easier). I have manually written domain objects that map to the database to set up relationships (following this tutorial http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/43025/A-LINQ-Tutorial-Mapping-Tables-to-Objects), and I've finally gotten the code to run properly. However, I've noticed I now have the SELECT N + 1 problem. Instead of selecting all Product's they're selected one by one with this SQL: SELECT [t0].[id] AS [ProductID], [t0].[Name], [t0].[info] AS [Description] FROM [products] AS [t0] WHERE [t0].[id] = @p0 -- @p0: Input Int (Size = -1; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [65] Controller: public ViewResult List(string category, int page = 1) { var cat = categoriesRepository.Categories.SelectMany(c => c.LocalizedCategories).Where(lc => lc.CountryID == 1).First(lc => lc.Name == category).Category; var productsToShow = cat.Products; var viewModel = new ProductsListViewModel { Products = productsToShow.Skip((page - 1) * PageSize).Take(PageSize).ToList(), PagingInfo = new PagingInfo { CurrentPage = page, ItemsPerPage = PageSize, TotalItems = productsToShow.Count() }, CurrentCategory = cat }; return View("List", viewModel); } Since I wasn't sure if my LINQ expression was correct I tried to just use this but I still got N+1: var cat = categoriesRepository.Categories.First(); Domain objects: [Table(Name = "products")] public class Product { [Column(Name = "id", IsPrimaryKey = true, IsDbGenerated = true, AutoSync = AutoSync.OnInsert)] public int ProductID { get; set; } [Column] public string Name { get; set; } [Column(Name = "info")] public string Description { get; set; } private EntitySet<ProductCategory> _productCategories = new EntitySet<ProductCategory>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_productCategories", OtherKey = "productId", ThisKey = "ProductID")] private ICollection<ProductCategory> ProductCategories { get { return _productCategories; } set { _productCategories.Assign(value); } } public ICollection<Category> Categories { get { return (from pc in ProductCategories select pc.Category).ToList(); } } } [Table(Name = "products_menu")] class ProductCategory { [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true, Name = "products_id")] private int productId; private EntityRef<Product> _product = new EntityRef<Product>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_product", ThisKey = "productId")] public Product Product { get { return _product.Entity; } set { _product.Entity = value; } } [Column(IsPrimaryKey = true, Name = "products_types_id")] private int categoryId; private EntityRef<Category> _category = new EntityRef<Category>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_category", ThisKey = "categoryId")] public Category Category { get { return _category.Entity; } set { _category.Entity = value; } } } [Table(Name = "products_types")] public class Category { [Column(Name = "id", IsPrimaryKey = true, IsDbGenerated = true, AutoSync = AutoSync.OnInsert)] public int CategoryID { get; set; } private EntitySet<ProductCategory> _productCategories = new EntitySet<ProductCategory>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_productCategories", OtherKey = "categoryId", ThisKey = "CategoryID")] private ICollection<ProductCategory> ProductCategories { get { return _productCategories; } set { _productCategories.Assign(value); } } public ICollection<Product> Products { get { return (from pc in ProductCategories select pc.Product).ToList(); } } private EntitySet<LocalizedCategory> _LocalizedCategories = new EntitySet<LocalizedCategory>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_LocalizedCategories", OtherKey = "CategoryID")] public ICollection<LocalizedCategory> LocalizedCategories { get { return _LocalizedCategories; } set { _LocalizedCategories.Assign(value); } } } [Table(Name = "products_types_localized")] public class LocalizedCategory { [Column(Name = "id", IsPrimaryKey = true, IsDbGenerated = true, AutoSync = AutoSync.OnInsert)] public int LocalizedCategoryID { get; set; } [Column(Name = "products_types_id")] private int CategoryID; private EntityRef<Category> _Category = new EntityRef<Category>(); [System.Data.Linq.Mapping.Association(Storage = "_Category", ThisKey = "CategoryID")] public Category Category { get { return _Category.Entity; } set { _Category.Entity = value; } } [Column(Name = "country_id")] public int CountryID { get; set; } [Column] public string Name { get; set; } } I've tried to comment out everything from my View, so nothing there seems to influence this. The ViewModel is as simple as it looks, so shouldn't be anything there. When reading this ( http://www.hookedonlinq.com/LinqToSQL5MinuteOVerview.ashx) I started suspecting it might be because I have no real foreign keys in the database and that I might need to use manual joins in my code. Is that correct? How would I go about it? Should I remove my mapping code from my domain model or is it something that I need to add/change to it? Note: I've stripped parts of the code out that I don't think is relevant to make it cleaner for this question. Please let me know if something is missing.

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• How to detect crashing tabed webbrowser and handle it?

  - by David Eaton

  I have a desktop application (forms) with a tab control, I assign a tab and a new custom webrowser control. I open up about 10 of these tabs. Each one visits about 100 - 500 different pages. The trouble is that if 1 webbrowser control has a problem it shuts down the entire program. I want to be able to close the offending webbrowser control and open a new one in it's place. Is there any event that I need to subscribe to catch a crashing or unresponsive webbrowser control ? I am using C# on windows 7 (Forms), .NET framework v4 =============================================================== UPDATE: 1 - The Tabbed WebBrowser Example Here is the code I have and How I use the webbrowser control in the most basic way. Create a new forms project and name it SimpleWeb Add a new class and name it myWeb.cs, here is the code to use. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Security.Policy; namespace SimpleWeb { //inhert all of webbrowser class myWeb : WebBrowser { public myWeb() { //no javascript errors this.ScriptErrorsSuppressed = true; //Something we want set? AssignEvents(); } //keep near the top private void AssignEvents() { //assign WebBrowser events to our custom methods Navigated += myWeb_Navigated; DocumentCompleted += myWeb_DocumentCompleted; Navigating += myWeb_Navigating; NewWindow += myWeb_NewWindow; } #region Events //List of events:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.webbrowser_events%28v=vs.100%29.aspx //Fired when a new windows opens private void myWeb_NewWindow(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { //cancel all popup windows e.Cancel = true; //beep to let you know canceled new window Console.Beep(9000, 200); } //Fired before page is navigated (not sure if its before or during?) private void myWeb_Navigating(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowserNavigatingEventArgs args) { } //Fired after page is navigated (but not loaded) private void myWeb_Navigated(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowserNavigatedEventArgs args) { } //Fired after page is loaded (Catch 22 - Iframes could be considered a page, can fire more than once. Ads are good examples) private void myWeb_DocumentCompleted(System.Object sender, System.Windows.Forms.WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs args) { } #endregion //Answer supplied by mo. (modified)? public void OpenUrl(string url) { try { //this.OpenUrl(url); this.Navigate(url); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show("Your App Crashed! Because = " + ex.ToString()); //MyApplication.HandleException(ex); } } //Keep near the bottom private void RemoveEvents() { //Remove Events Navigated -= myWeb_Navigated; DocumentCompleted -= myWeb_DocumentCompleted; Navigating -= myWeb_Navigating; NewWindow -= myWeb_NewWindow; } } } On Form1 drag a standard tabControl and set the dock to fill, you can go into the tab collection and delete the pre-populated tabs if you like. Right Click on Form1 and Select "View Code" and replace it with this code. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using mshtml; namespace SimpleWeb { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); //Load Up 10 Tabs for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) { newTab("Test_" + i, "http://wwww.yahoo.com"); } } private void newTab(string Title, String Url) { //Create a new Tab TabPage newTab = new TabPage(); newTab.Name = Title; newTab.Text = Title; //create webbrowser Instance myWeb newWeb = new myWeb(); //Add webbrowser to new tab newTab.Controls.Add(newWeb); newWeb.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; //Add New Tab to Tab Pages tabControl1.TabPages.Add(newTab); newWeb.OpenUrl(Url); } } } Save and Run the project. Using the answer below by mo. , you can surf the first url with no problem, but what about all the urls the user clicks on? How do we check those? I prefer not to add events to every single html element on a page, there has to be a way to run the new urls thru the function OpenUrl before it navigates without having an endless loop. Thanks.

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• Which workaround to use for the following SQL deadlock?

  - by Marko

  I found a SQL deadlock scenario in my application during concurrency. I belive that the two statements that cause the deadlock are (note - I'm using LINQ2SQL and DataContext.ExecuteCommand(), that's where this.studioId.ToString() comes into play): exec sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO HQ.dbo.SynchronizingRows ([StudioId], [UpdatedRowId]) SELECT @p0, [t0].[Id] FROM [dbo].[UpdatedRows] AS [t0] WHERE NOT (EXISTS( SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY] FROM [dbo].[ReceivedUpdatedRows] AS [t1] WHERE ([t1].[StudioId] = @p0) AND ([t1].[UpdatedRowId] = [t0].[Id]) ))',N'@p0 uniqueidentifier',@p0='" + this.studioId.ToString() + "'; and exec sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO HQ.dbo.ReceivedUpdatedRows ([UpdatedRowId], [StudioId], [ReceiveDateTime]) SELECT [t0].[UpdatedRowId], @p0, GETDATE() FROM [dbo].[SynchronizingRows] AS [t0] WHERE ([t0].[StudioId] = @p0)',N'@p0 uniqueidentifier',@p0='" + this.studioId.ToString() + "'; The basic logic of my (client-server) application is this: Every time someone inserts or updates a row on the server side, I also insert a row into the table UpdatedRows, specifying the RowId of the modified row. When a client tries to synchronize data, it first copies all of the rows in the UpdatedRows table, that don't contain a reference row for the specific client in the table ReceivedUpdatedRows, to the table SynchronizingRows (the first statement taking part in the deadlock). Afterwards, during the synchronization I look for modified rows via lookup of the SynchronizingRows table. This step is required, otherwise if someone inserts new rows or modifies rows on the server side during synchronization I will miss them and won't get them during the next synchronization (explanation scenario to long to write here...). Once synchronization is complete, I insert rows to the ReceivedUpdatedRows table specifying that this client has received the UpdatedRows contained in the SynchronizingRows table (the second statement taking part in the deadlock). Finally I delete all rows from the SynchronizingRows table that belong to the current client. The way I see it, the deadlock is occuring on tables SynchronizingRows (abbreviation SR) and ReceivedUpdatedRows (abbreviation RUR) during steps 2 and 3 (one client is in step 2 and is inserting into SR and selecting from RUR; while another client is in step 3 inserting into RUR and selecting from SR). I googled a bit about SQL deadlocks and came to a conclusion that I have three options. Inorder to make a decision I need more input about each option/workaround: Workaround 1: The first advice given on the web about SQL deadlocks - restructure tables/queries so that deadlocks don't happen in the first place. Only problem with this is that with my IQ I don't see a way to do the synchronization logic any differently. If someone wishes to dwelve deeper into my current synchronization logic, how and why it is set up the way it is, I'll post a link for the explanation. Perhaps, with the help of someone smarter than me, it's possible to create a logic that is deadlock free. Workaround 2: The second most common advice seems to be the use of WITH(NOLOCK) hint. The problem with this is that NOLOCK might miss or duplicate some rows. Duplication is not a problem, but missing rows is catastrophic! Another option is the WITH(READPAST) hint. On the face of it, this seems to be a perfect solution. I really don't care about rows that other clients are inserting/modifying, because each row belongs only to a specific client, so I may very well skip locked rows. But the MSDN documentaion makes me a bit worried - "When READPAST is specified, both row-level and page-level locks are skipped". As I said, row-level locks would not be a problem, but page-level locks may very well be, since a page might contain rows that belong to multiple clients (including the current one). While there are lots of blog posts specifically mentioning that NOLOCK might miss rows, there seems to be none about READPAST (never) missing rows. This makes me skeptical and nervous to implement it, since there is no easy way to test it (implementing would be a piece of cake, just pop WITH(READPAST) into both statements SELECT clause and job done). Can someone confirm whether the READPAST hint can miss rows? Workaround 3: The final option is to use ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and READ_COMMITED_SNAPSHOT. This would seem to be the only option to work 100% - at least I can't find any information that would contradict with it. But it is a little bit trickier to setup (I don't care much about the performance hit), because I'm using LINQ. Off the top of my head I probably need to manually open a SQL connection and pass it to the LINQ2SQL DataContext, etc... I haven't looked into the specifics very deeply. Mostly I would prefer option 2 if somone could only reassure me that READPAST will never miss rows concerning the current client (as I said before, each client has and only ever deals with it's own set of rows). Otherwise I'll likely have to implement option 3, since option 1 is probably impossible... I'll post the table definitions for the three tables as well, just in case: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UpdatedRows]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL ROWGUIDCOL DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED, [RowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [UpdateDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_RowId ON dbo.UpdatedRows ([RowId] ASC) WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ReceivedUpdatedRows]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL ROWGUIDCOL DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED, [UpdatedRowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES [dbo].[UpdatedRows] ([Id]), [StudioId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES, [ReceiveDateTime] [datetime] NOT NULL, ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_Studios ON dbo.ReceivedUpdatedRows ([StudioId] ASC) WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SynchronizingRows]( [StudioId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL [UpdatedRowId] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL REFERENCES [dbo].[UpdatedRows] ([Id]) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([StudioId], [UpdatedRowId]) ) ON [PRIMARY] GO PS! Studio = Client. PS2! I just noticed that the index definitions have ALLOW_PAGE_LOCK=ON. If I would turn it off, would that make any difference to READPAST? Are there any negative downsides for turning it off?

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• how to avoid temporaries when copying weakly typed object

  - by Truncheon

  Hi. I'm writing a series classes that inherit from a base class using virtual. They are INT, FLOAT and STRING objects that I want to use in a scripting language. I'm trying to implement weak typing, but I don't want STRING objects to return copies of themselves when used in the following way (instead I would prefer to have a reference returned which can be used in copying): a = "hello "; b = "world"; c = a + b; I have written the following code as a mock example: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> std::string dummy("<int object cannot return string reference>"); struct BaseImpl { virtual bool is_string() = 0; virtual int get_int() = 0; virtual std::string get_string_copy() = 0; virtual std::string const& get_string_ref() = 0; }; struct INT : BaseImpl { int value; INT(int i = 0) : value(i) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } INT(BaseImpl& that) : value(that.get_int()) { std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return false; } int get_int() { return value; } std::string get_string_copy() { char buf[33]; sprintf(buf, "%i", value); return buf; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return dummy; } }; struct STRING : BaseImpl { std::string value; STRING(std::string s = "") : value(s) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return true; } int get_int() { return atoi(value.c_str()); } std::string get_string_copy() { return value; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return value; } }; struct Base { BaseImpl* impl; Base(BaseImpl* p = 0) : impl(p) {} ~Base() { delete impl; } }; int main() { Base b1(new INT(1)); Base b2(new STRING("Hello world")); Base b3(new INT(*b1.impl)); Base b4(new STRING(*b2.impl)); std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; return 0; } It was necessary to add an if check in the STRING class to determine whether its safe to request a reference instead of a copy: Script code: a = "test"; b = a; c = 1; d = "" + c; /* not safe to request reference by standard */ C++ code: STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } If was hoping there's a way of moving that if check into compile time, rather than run time.

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• Adapting non-iterable containers to be iterated via custom templatized iterator

  - by DAldridge

  I have some classes, which for various reasons out of scope of this discussion, I cannot modify (irrelevant implementation details omitted): class Foo { /* ... irrelevant public interface ... */ }; class Bar { public: Foo& get_foo(size_t index) { /* whatever */ } size_t size_foo() { /* whatever */ } }; (There are many similar 'Foo' and 'Bar' classes I'm dealing with, and it's all generated code from elsewhere and stuff I don't want to subclass, etc.) [Edit: clarification - although there are many similar 'Foo' and 'Bar' classes, it is guaranteed that each "outer" class will have the getter and size methods. Only the getter method name and return type will differ for each "outer", based on whatever it's "inner" contained type is. So, if I have Baz which contains Quux instances, there will be Quux& Baz::get_quux(size_t index), and size_t Baz::size_quux().] Given the design of the Bar class, you cannot easily use it in STL algorithms (e.g. for_each, find_if, etc.), and must do imperative loops rather than taking a functional approach (reasons why I prefer the latter is also out of scope for this discussion): Bar b; size_t numFoo = b.size_foo(); for (int fooIdx = 0; fooIdx < numFoo; ++fooIdx) { Foo& f = b.get_foo(fooIdx); /* ... do stuff with 'f' ... */ } So... I've never created a custom iterator, and after reading various questions/answers on S.O. about iterator_traits and the like, I came up with this (currently half-baked) "solution": First, the custom iterator mechanism (NOTE: all uses of 'function' and 'bind' are from std::tr1 in MSVC9): // Iterator mechanism... template <typename TOuter, typename TInner> class ContainerIterator : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, TInner> { public: typedef function<TInner& (size_t)> func_type; ContainerIterator(const ContainerIterator& other) : mFunc(other.mFunc), mIndex(other.mIndex) {} ContainerIterator& operator++() { ++mIndex; return *this; } bool operator==(const ContainerIterator& other) { return ((mFunc.target<TOuter>() == other.mFunc.target<TOuter>()) && (mIndex == other.mIndex)); } bool operator!=(const ContainerIterator& other) { return !(*this == other); } TInner& operator*() { return mFunc(mIndex); } private: template<typename TOuter, typename TInner> friend class ContainerProxy; ContainerIterator(func_type func, size_t index = 0) : mFunc(func), mIndex(index) {} function<TInner& (size_t)> mFunc; size_t mIndex; }; Next, the mechanism by which I get valid iterators representing begin and end of the inner container: // Proxy(?) to the outer class instance, providing a way to get begin() and end() // iterators to the inner contained instances... template <typename TOuter, typename TInner> class ContainerProxy { public: typedef function<TInner& (size_t)> access_func_type; typedef function<size_t ()> size_func_type; typedef ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner> iter_type; ContainerProxy(access_func_type accessFunc, size_func_type sizeFunc) : mAccessFunc(accessFunc), mSizeFunc(sizeFunc) {} iter_type begin() const { size_t numItems = mSizeFunc(); if (0 == numItems) return end(); else return ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner>(mAccessFunc, 0); } iter_type end() const { size_t numItems = mSizeFunc(); return ContainerIterator<TOuter, TInner>(mAccessFunc, numItems); } private: access_func_type mAccessFunc; size_func_type mSizeFunc; }; I can use these classes in the following manner: // Sample function object for taking action on an LMX inner class instance yielded // by iteration... template <typename TInner> class SomeTInnerFunctor { public: void operator()(const TInner& inner) { /* ... whatever ... */ } }; // Example of iterating over an outer class instance's inner container... Bar b; /* assume populated which contained items ... */ ContainerProxy<Bar, Foo> bProxy( bind(&Bar::get_foo, b, _1), bind(&Bar::size_foo, b)); for_each(bProxy.begin(), bProxy.end(), SomeTInnerFunctor<Foo>()); Empirically, this solution functions correctly (minus any copy/paste or typos I may have introduced when editing the above for brevity). So, finally, the actual question: I don't like requiring the use of bind() and _1 placeholders, etcetera by the caller. All they really care about is: outer type, inner type, outer type's method to fetch inner instances, outer type's method to fetch count inner instances. Is there any way to "hide" the bind in the body of the template classes somehow? I've been unable to find a way to separately supply template parameters for the types and inner methods separately... Thanks! David

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• Error 0x800f0922 installing .NET 3.5 on Windows 8

  - by Benjamin Nolan

  I'm trying to install .NET 3.5 on my Windows 8 box and it keeps throwing Error 0x800f0922 at me. From what I've read on answers.microsoft.com and StackOverflow I gather the easiest way to fix this is to perform a system refresh, however this will remove all software I've installed from discs. I've just moved house, so I'd rather not do that as I don't know where all the installation media actually are for a lot of my software, so if possible I'd prefer to track down where the problem is actually occurring. (Also, I have a LOT of software installed. It'd take me a long time to reinstall it all, and I unfortunately haven't got that time.) The on-demand error screen sends me to KB2734782 (can't link it as I'm <10 rep), which doesn't help much. When I run this DISM line from the StackOverflow post: Dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /All /Source:C:\Windows\WinSxS /LimitAccess I get the following output on the terminal: Microsoft Windows [Version 6.2.9200] (c) 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32>Dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /All /Source:C:\Windows\WinSxS /LimitAccess Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool Version: 6.2.9200.16384 Image Version: 6.2.9200.16384 Enabling feature(s) [==========================100.0%==========================] Error: 0x800f0922 DISM failed. No operation was performed. For more information, review the log file. The DISM log file can be found at C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log C:\Windows\system32> Incidentally, it jumps straight from 0 to 100% and then sits on that line for about 5 minutes before the error line occurs. dism.log contains the following lines around that time: (Link to full logs is at bottom of post) 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Succesfully registered commands for the provider: Edition Manager. 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=5768 TID=5780 Getting Provider DISM Package Manager - CDISMProviderStore::GetProvider 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=5768 TID=5780 Provider has previously been initialized. Returning the existing instance. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_GetProvider 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Processing the top level command token(enable-feature). - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_ValidateCmdLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Attempting to route to appropriate command handler. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Routing the command... - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Encountered the option "featurename" with value "NetFX3" - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_GetPackagesFromCommandLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Encountered an unknown option "featurename" with value "NetFX3" - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_GetPackagesFromCommandLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Encountered the option "source" with value "C:\Windows\WinSxS" - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_GetPackagesFromCommandLine 2013-07-02 00:56:58, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Encountered an unknown option "source" with value "C:\Windows\WinSxS" - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_GetPackagesFromCommandLine 2013-07-02 00:56:59, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Initiating Changes on Package with values: 5, 7 - CDISMPackage::Internal_ChangePackageState 2013-07-02 00:56:59, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 CBS session options=0x20100! - CDISMPackageManager::Internal_Finalize 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=2420 Error in operation: (null) (CBS HRESULT=0x800f0922) - CCbsConUIHandler::Error 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Failed finalizing changes. - CDISMPackageManager::Internal_Finalize(hr:0x800f0922) 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Failed processing package changes with session options - CDISMPackageManager::ProcessChangesWithOptions(hr:0x800f0922) 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Failed ProcessChanges. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::Private_ProcessFeatureChange(hr:0x800f0922) 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Error DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Failed while processing command enable-feature. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine(hr:0x800f0922) 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Info DISM DISM Package Manager: PID=5768 TID=5780 Further logs for online package and feature related operations can be found at %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine 2013-07-02 01:00:27, Error DISM DISM.EXE: DISM Package Manager processed the command line but failed. HRESULT=800F0922 cbs.log has the following chunks around then which could be relevant: 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Exec: This is a PSF Package. Job has been saved and we are returning to client. 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CSI 0000042d@2013/7/1:23:55:06.203 CSI Transaction @0xe2f5e59500 destroyed 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Exec: DPX job state saved for one or more packages, aborting the staging and install of execution. 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CSI 0000042e@2013/7/1:23:55:06.207 CSI Transaction @0xe2f5e58480 destroyed 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Perf: Stage chain complete. 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Failed to stage execution chain. [HRESULT = 0x800f0816 - CBS_E_DPX_JOB_STATE_SAVED] 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Failed to process single phase execution. [HRESULT = 0x800f0816 - CBS_E_DPX_JOB_STATE_SAVED] 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS WER: Failure is not worth reporting [HRESULT = 0x800f0816 - CBS_E_DPX_JOB_STATE_SAVED] 2013-07-02 00:55:06, Info CBS Reboot mark cleared and further down: 2013-07-02 00:59:19, Info CSI 000004e6 Begin executing advanced installer phase 38 (0x00000026) index 253 (0x00000000000000fd) (sequence 289) Old component: [l:0]"" New component: [ml:306{153},l:304{152}]"NetFx35CDF-CDF_GenericCommands, Culture=neutral, Version=6.2.9200.16384, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, ProcessorArchitecture=x86, versionScope=NonSxS" Install mode: install Installer ID: {81a34a10-4256-436a-89d6-794b97ca407c} Installer name: [15]"Generic Command" 2013-07-02 00:59:19, Info CSI 000004e7 Performing 1 operations; 1 are not lock/unlock and follow: (0) LockComponentPath (10): flags: 0 comp: {l:16 b:19fc6600b776ce01c91f0000fc07a816} pathid: {l:16 b:19fc6600b776ce01ca1f0000fc07a816} path: [l:214{107}]"\SystemRoot\WinSxS\x86_netfx35cdf-cdf_genericcommands_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_0cec490be12fb858" pid: 7fc starttime: 130171962799582915 (0x01ce76b5e2626ec3) 2013-07-02 00:59:19, Info CSI 000004e8 Performing 1 operations; 1 are not lock/unlock and follow: (0) LockComponentPath (10): flags: 0 comp: {l:16 b:27236700b776ce01cb1f0000fc07a816} pathid: {l:16 b:27236700b776ce01cc1f0000fc07a816} path: [l:210{105}]"\SystemRoot\WinSxS\x86_netfx35cdf-csd_cdf_installer_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_55072425fd5c3716" pid: 7fc starttime: 130171962799582915 (0x01ce76b5e2626ec3) 2013-07-02 00:59:19, Info CSI 000004e9 Calling generic command executable (sequence 1): [122]"C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_netfx35cdf-csd_cdf_installer_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_55072425fd5c3716\WFServicesReg.exe" CmdLine: [139]""C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_netfx35cdf-csd_cdf_installer_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_55072425fd5c3716\WFServicesReg.exe" /c /b /v /m /i" 2013-07-02 00:59:20, Info CSI 000004ea Performing 1 operations; 1 are not lock/unlock and follow: (0) LockComponentPath (10): flags: 0 comp: {l:16 b:bd790401b776ce01cd1f0000fc07a816} pathid: {l:16 b:bd790401b776ce01ce1f0000fc07a816} path: [l:234{117}]"\SystemRoot\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.s..ation.badcomponents_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_353ccb4c94858655" pid: 7fc starttime: 130171962799582915 (0x01ce76b5e2626ec3) 2013-07-02 00:59:20, Info CSI 000004eb Creating NT transaction (seq 27), objectname [6]"(null)" 2013-07-02 00:59:20, Info CSI 000004ec Created NT transaction (seq 27) result 0x00000000, handle @0x24b8 2013-07-02 00:59:20, Info CSI 000004ed@2013/7/1:23:59:20.933 Beginning NT transaction commit... 2013-07-02 00:59:22, Info CSI 000004ee@2013/7/1:23:59:22.065 CSI perf trace: CSIPERF:TXCOMMIT;1387723 2013-07-02 00:59:22, Error CSI 000004ef (F) Done with generic command 1; CreateProcess returned 0, CPAW returned S_OK Process exit code 255 (0x000000ff) resulted in success? FALSE Process output: [l:28479 [4096]"DDSet_Entry: WFServicesReg.exe DDSet_Status: CFxInstaller::CopyConfigFilesToTemp is64bit=0 DDSet_Status: CFileHelper::CopyConfigFilesToTempLocation DDSet_Status: CFxInstaller::SetupBaseComponents isInstall=1 DDSet_Status: CFxInstaller::SetupBaseComponents Calling SetupExtensions. isInstall=1 (0x000000FF -- The extended attributes are inconsistent. ??) And a bit further down: 2013-07-02 00:59:22, Error [0x018007] CSI 000004f0 (F) Failed execution of queue item Installer: Generic Command ({81a34a10-4256-436a-89d6-794b97ca407c}) with HRESULT HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(14109). Failure will not be ignored: A rollback will be initiated after all the operations in the installer queue are completed; installer is reliable (2)[gle=0x80004005] [...snip...] 2013-07-02 00:59:22, Info CBS Not able to add pending.xml.bad to Windows Error Report. [HRESULT = 0x80070002 - ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND] 2013-07-02 00:59:28, Info CSI 000004f1@2013/7/1:23:59:28.467 CSI Advanced installer perf trace: CSIPERF:AIDONE;{81a34a10-4256-436a-89d6-794b97ca407c};NetFx35CDF-CDF_GenericCommands, Version = 6.2.9200.16384, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral;10609242us 2013-07-02 00:59:28, Info CSI 000004f2 End executing advanced installer (sequence 289) Completion status: HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_ADVANCED_INSTALLER_FAILED) [...snip...] 2013-07-02 01:00:26, Info CBS Exec: Cancelled pending transactions after rollback. [HRESULT = 0x00000000 - S_OK] 2013-07-02 01:00:26, Error CBS Exec: An error occurred while committing the transaction, the transaction could not be rolled back. [HRESULT = 0x800f0922 - CBS_E_INSTALLERS_FAILED] The full DISM and CBS logs are at http://ben.mu/files/dotnet35_dism_cbs.zip as the CBS log is nearly 167MB uncompressed. o.o dism.log gives the timeframe of where its errors occur--00:56:20ish to 01:00:22. Does anyone have any ideas what's actually causing the installation to fail, and if so how I can fix it? Please don't just say "Refresh the OS". :)

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• nagios NRPE: Unable to read output

  - by user555854

  I currently set up a script to restart my http servers + php5 fpm but can't get it to work. I have googled and have found that mostly permissions are the problems of my error but can't figure it out. I start my script using /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H bart -c restart_http This is the output in my syslog on the node I want to restart Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Connection from 192.168.133.17 port 25028 Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Host address is in allowed_hosts Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Handling the connection... Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Host is asking for command 'restart_http' to be run... Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Running command: /usr/bin/sudo /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/http-restart Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Command completed with return code 1 and output: Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Return Code: 1, Output: NRPE: Unable to read output Jun 27 06:29:35 bart nrpe[8926]: Connection from 192.168.133.17 closed. If I run the command myself it runs fine (but asks for a password) (nagios user) This are the script permission and the script contents. -rwxrwxrwx 1 nagios nagios 142 Jun 26 21:41 /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/http-restart #!/bin/bash echo "ok" /etc/init.d/nginx stop /etc/init.d/nginx start /etc/init.d/php5-fpm stop /etc/init.d/php5-fpm start echo "done" I also added this line to visudo nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/ My local nagios nrpe.cfg ############################################################################# # Sample NRPE Config File # Written by: Ethan Galstad ([email protected]) # # # NOTES: # This is a sample configuration file for the NRPE daemon. It needs to be # located on the remote host that is running the NRPE daemon, not the host # from which the check_nrpe client is being executed. ############################################################################# # LOG FACILITY # The syslog facility that should be used for logging purposes. log_facility=daemon # PID FILE # The name of the file in which the NRPE daemon should write it's process ID # number. The file is only written if the NRPE daemon is started by the root # user and is running in standalone mode. pid_file=/var/run/nagios/nrpe.pid # PORT NUMBER # Port number we should wait for connections on. # NOTE: This must be a non-priviledged port (i.e. > 1024). # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetd or xinetd server_port=5666 # SERVER ADDRESS # Address that nrpe should bind to in case there are more than one interface # and you do not want nrpe to bind on all interfaces. # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetd or xinetd #server_address=127.0.0.1 # NRPE USER # This determines the effective user that the NRPE daemon should run as. # You can either supply a username or a UID. # # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetd or xinetd nrpe_user=nagios # NRPE GROUP # This determines the effective group that the NRPE daemon should run as. # You can either supply a group name or a GID. # # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetd or xinetd nrpe_group=nagios # ALLOWED HOST ADDRESSES # This is an optional comma-delimited list of IP address or hostnames # that are allowed to talk to the NRPE daemon. # # Note: The daemon only does rudimentary checking of the client's IP # address. I would highly recommend adding entries in your /etc/hosts.allow # file to allow only the specified host to connect to the port # you are running this daemon on. # # NOTE: This option is ignored if NRPE is running under either inetd or xinetd allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.133.17 # COMMAND ARGUMENT PROCESSING # This option determines whether or not the NRPE daemon will allow clients # to specify arguments to commands that are executed. This option only works # if the daemon was configured with the --enable-command-args configure script # option. # # *** ENABLING THIS OPTION IS A SECURITY RISK! *** # Read the SECURITY file for information on some of the security implications # of enabling this variable. # # Values: 0=do not allow arguments, 1=allow command arguments dont_blame_nrpe=0 # COMMAND PREFIX # This option allows you to prefix all commands with a user-defined string. # A space is automatically added between the specified prefix string and the # command line from the command definition. # # *** THIS EXAMPLE MAY POSE A POTENTIAL SECURITY RISK, SO USE WITH CAUTION! *** # Usage scenario: # Execute restricted commmands using sudo. For this to work, you need to add # the nagios user to your /etc/sudoers. An example entry for alllowing # execution of the plugins from might be: # # nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/ # # This lets the nagios user run all commands in that directory (and only them) # without asking for a password. If you do this, make sure you don't give # random users write access to that directory or its contents! command_prefix=/usr/bin/sudo # DEBUGGING OPTION # This option determines whether or not debugging messages are logged to the # syslog facility. # Values: 0=debugging off, 1=debugging on debug=1 # COMMAND TIMEOUT # This specifies the maximum number of seconds that the NRPE daemon will # allow plugins to finish executing before killing them off. command_timeout=60 # CONNECTION TIMEOUT # This specifies the maximum number of seconds that the NRPE daemon will # wait for a connection to be established before exiting. This is sometimes # seen where a network problem stops the SSL being established even though # all network sessions are connected. This causes the nrpe daemons to # accumulate, eating system resources. Do not set this too low. connection_timeout=300 # WEEK RANDOM SEED OPTION # This directive allows you to use SSL even if your system does not have # a /dev/random or /dev/urandom (on purpose or because the necessary patches # were not applied). The random number generator will be seeded from a file # which is either a file pointed to by the environment valiable $RANDFILE # or $HOME/.rnd. If neither exists, the pseudo random number generator will # be initialized and a warning will be issued. # Values: 0=only seed from /dev/[u]random, 1=also seed from weak randomness #allow_weak_random_seed=1 # INCLUDE CONFIG FILE # This directive allows you to include definitions from an external config file. #include=<somefile.cfg> # INCLUDE CONFIG DIRECTORY # This directive allows you to include definitions from config files (with a # .cfg extension) in one or more directories (with recursion). #include_dir=<somedirectory> #include_dir=<someotherdirectory> # COMMAND DEFINITIONS # Command definitions that this daemon will run. Definitions # are in the following format: # # command[<command_name>]=<command_line> # # When the daemon receives a request to return the results of <command_name> # it will execute the command specified by the <command_line> argument. # # Unlike Nagios, the command line cannot contain macros - it must be # typed exactly as it should be executed. # # Note: Any plugins that are used in the command lines must reside # on the machine that this daemon is running on! The examples below # assume that you have plugins installed in a /usr/local/nagios/libexec # directory. Also note that you will have to modify the definitions below # to match the argument format the plugins expect. Remember, these are # examples only! # The following examples use hardcoded command arguments... command[check_users]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_users -w 5 -c 10 command[check_load]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 command[check_hda1]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1 command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z command[check_total_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w 150 -c 200 # The following examples allow user-supplied arguments and can # only be used if the NRPE daemon was compiled with support for # command arguments *AND* the dont_blame_nrpe directive in this # config file is set to '1'. This poses a potential security risk, so # make sure you read the SECURITY file before doing this. #command[check_users]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_users -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ #command[check_load]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ #command[check_disk]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$ #command[check_procs]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_procs -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -s $ARG3$ command[restart_http]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/http-restart # # local configuration: # if you'd prefer, you can instead place directives here include=/etc/nagios/nrpe_local.cfg # # you can place your config snipplets into nrpe.d/ include_dir=/etc/nagios/nrpe.d/ My Sudoers files # /etc/sudoers # # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. # # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file. # Defaults env_reset # Host alias specification # User alias specification # Cmnd alias specification # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/ # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command # (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move # it further down) %sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL # #includedir /etc/sudoers.d Hopefully someone can help!

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• Cannot SSH after resetting firewall on VPS

  - by Thomas Buckley

  I'm having trouble trying to SSH to my Debian 5 VPS with blacknight. It was working fine until I did the following: Logged into 'Parallels Infrastructure Manager' - Container - Firewall - Set to 'Normal Firewall settings'. It told me there was an error with the IPTables and offered the option again with a checkbox to 'reset' firewall settings, I selected this. I can see that that the default rules are been applied ( anything from anyone on any port and allowing anything to happen). Whenever I attempt to SSH I get the following debug info: thomas@localmachine:~/.ssh$ ssh -v thomas@hostname OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to hostname [***********] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-4096 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-4096 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ************************************* debug1: Host 'hostname' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I had my public/private RSA keys set up and working fine before I reset the firewall settings. I had also made the following changes to my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on the VPS: PermitRootLogin no PasswordAuthentication no X11Forwarding no UsePAM no UseDNS no AllowUsers thomas Could it be something to do with the SSH server & client having different versions between my local machine and VPS? Any help appreciated. Output with ssh -vvv thomas@localcomputer:~/.ssh$ ssh -vvv thomas@**************** OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to ************ [*************] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-4096 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-4096 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "*****************" from file "/home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 127/256 debug2: bits set: 498/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA *********************************************************** debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "*********************" from file "/home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '****************' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/thomas/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 516/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7fa7028b6010) debug2: key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /home/thomas/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). sshd_config # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd(8) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) C hallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication no # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding no X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM no UseDNS no AllowUsers thomas Thanks

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• HP to Cisco spanning tree root flapping

  - by Tim Brigham

  Per a recent question I recently configured both my HP (2x 2900) and Cisco (1x 3750) hardware to use MSTP for interoperability. I thought this was functional until I applied the change to the third device (HP switch 1 below) at which time the spanning tree root started flapping causing performance issues (5% packet loss) between my two HP switches. I'm not sure why. HP Switch 1 A4 connected to Cisco 1/0/1. HP Switch 2 B2 connected to Cisco 2/0/1. HP Switch 1 A2 connected to HP Switch 2 A1. I'd prefer the Cisco stack to act as the root. EDIT: There is one specific line - 'spanning-tree 1 path-cost 500000' in the HP switch 2 that I didn't add and was preexisting. I'm not sure if it could have the kind of impact that I'm describing. I'm more a security and monitoring guy then networking. EDIT 2: I'm starting to believe the problem lies in the fact that the value for my MST 0 instance on the Cisco is still at the default 32768. I worked up a diagram: This is based on every show command I could find for STP. I'll make this change after hours and see if it helps. Cisco 3750 Config: version 12.2 spanning-tree mode mst spanning-tree extend system-id spanning-tree mst configuration name mstp revision 1 instance 1 vlan 1, 40, 70, 100, 250 spanning-tree mst 1 priority 0 vlan internal allocation policy ascending interface TenGigabitEthernet1/1/1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface TenGigabitEthernet2/1/1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface Vlan1 no ip address ! interface Vlan100 ip address 192.168.100.253 255.255.255.0 ! Cisco 3750 show spanning tree: show spanning-tree MST0 Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp Root ID Priority 32768 Address 0004.ea84.5f80 Cost 200000 Port 53 (TenGigabitEthernet1/1/1) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32768 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 0) Address a44c.11a6.7c80 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Te1/1/1 Root FWD 2000 128.53 P2p MST1 Spanning tree enabled protocol mstp Root ID Priority 1 Address a44c.11a6.7c80 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 1 (priority 0 sys-id-ext 1) Address a44c.11a6.7c80 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Te1/1/1 Desg FWD 2000 128.53 P2p Cisco 3750 show logging: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan100, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan100, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up HP Switch 1: ; J9049A Configuration Editor; Created on release #T.13.71 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-8,10,13-16,18-23,A1-A4 ip address 100.100.100.17 255.255.255.0 no untagged 9,11-12,17,24 exit vlan 100 name "192.168.100" untagged 9,11-12,17,24 tagged 1-8,10,13-16,18-23,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 21 name "Users_2" tagged 1,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 40 name "Cafe" tagged 1,4,7,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 250 name "Firewall" tagged 1,4,7,A1-A4 no ip address exit vlan 70 name "DMZ" tagged 1,4,7-8,13,A1-A4 no ip address exit spanning-tree spanning-tree config-name "mstp" spanning-tree config-revision 1 spanning-tree instance 1 vlan 1 40 70 100 250 password manager password operator HP Switch 1 show spanning tree: show spanning-tree Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information STP Enabled : Yes Force Version : MSTP-operation IST Mapped VLANs : 2-39,41-69,71-99,101-249,251-4094 Switch MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 Switch Priority : 32768 Max Age : 20 Max Hops : 20 Forward Delay : 15 Topology Change Count : 363,490 Time Since Last Change : 14 hours CST Root MAC Address : 0004ea-845f80 CST Root Priority : 32768 CST Root Path Cost : 200000 CST Root Port : 1 IST Regional Root MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 IST Regional Root Priority : 32768 IST Regional Root Path Cost : 0 IST Remaining Hops : 20 Root Guard Ports : TCN Guard Ports : BPDU Protected Ports : BPDU Filtered Ports : PVST Protected Ports : PVST Filtered Ports : | Prio | Designated Hello Port Type | Cost rity State | Bridge Time PtP Edge ----- --------- + --------- ---- ---------- + ------------- ---- --- ---- A1 | Auto 128 Disabled | A2 10GbE-CX4 | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0021f7-126580 2 Yes No A3 10GbE-CX4 | Auto 128 Disabled | A4 10GbE-SR | Auto 128 Disabled | HP Switch 1 Logging: I removed the date / time fields since they are inaccurate (no NTP configured on these switches) 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 0:a44c11-a67c80 00842 stp: MSTI 1 starved for an MSTI Msg Rx on port A4 from 0:a44c11-a67c80 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 0:a44c11-a67c80 00839 stp: MSTI 1 Root changed from 0:a44c11-a67c80 to ... HP Switch 2 Configuration: ; J9146A Configuration Editor; Created on release #W.14.49 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1,3-17,21-24,A1-A2,B2 ip address 100.100.100.36 255.255.255.0 no untagged 2,18-20,B1 exit vlan 100 name "192.168.100" untagged 2,18-20 tagged 1,3-17,21-24,A1-A2,B1-B2 no ip address exit vlan 21 name "Users_2" tagged 1,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 40 name "Cafe" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 250 name "Firewall" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit vlan 70 name "DMZ" tagged 1,13-14,16,A1-A2,B2 no ip address exit logging 192.168.100.18 spanning-tree spanning-tree 1 path-cost 500000 spanning-tree config-name "mstp" spanning-tree config-revision 1 spanning-tree instance 1 vlan 1 40 70 100 250 HP Switch 2 Spanning Tree: show spanning-tree Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information STP Enabled : Yes Force Version : MSTP-operation IST Mapped VLANs : 2-39,41-69,71-99,101-249,251-4094 Switch MAC Address : 0024a8-cd6000 Switch Priority : 32768 Max Age : 20 Max Hops : 20 Forward Delay : 15 Topology Change Count : 21,793 Time Since Last Change : 14 hours CST Root MAC Address : 0004ea-845f80 CST Root Priority : 32768 CST Root Path Cost : 200000 CST Root Port : A1 IST Regional Root MAC Address : 0021f7-126580 IST Regional Root Priority : 32768 IST Regional Root Path Cost : 2000 IST Remaining Hops : 19 Root Guard Ports : TCN Guard Ports : BPDU Protected Ports : BPDU Filtered Ports : PVST Protected Ports : PVST Filtered Ports : | Prio | Designated Hello Port Type | Cost rity State | Bridge Time PtP Edge ----- --------- + --------- ---- ---------- + ------------- ---- --- ---- A1 10GbE-CX4 | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0021f7-126580 2 Yes No A2 10GbE-CX4 | Auto 128 Disabled | B1 SFP+SR | 2000 128 Forwarding | 0024a8-cd6000 2 Yes No B2 | Auto 128 Disabled | HP Switch 2 Logging: I removed the date / time fields since they are inaccurate (no NTP configured on these switches) 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0004ea-845f80 00839 stp: IST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0004ea-845f80 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0004ea-845f80 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0004ea-845f80 to 32768:0024a8-cd6000 00435 ports: port B1 is Blocked by STP 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: IST Root changed from 32768:0024a8-cd6000 to 32768:0021f7-126580 00839 stp: CST Root changed from 32768:0021f7-126580 to 32768:0004ea-845f80

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• Cisco VPN Client Behind ASA 5505

  - by fdf33

  I'm trying to get connected to another ASA via Cisco VPN Client. I am behind an ASA 5505 myself and I am tryihng to VPN to a 5510. I get the message: Secure VPN Connection terminated locally by the Client. Reason 412: The remote peer is no longer responding. I can connect to the other ASA if I use a normal cheap Linksys. Here's the version of my ASA: Result of the command: "sh ver" Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software Version 8.4(1) Any help would be great. Thanks running-config : Saved : Written by enable_15 at 23:12:32.378 UTC Fri Jul 1 2011 ! ASA Version 8.4(1) ! hostname aaaasa domain-name aaa.local enable password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted names ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.254.0 ! interface Vlan5 no nameif security-level 50 ip address 172.16.0.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan500 no nameif security-level 100 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! boot system disk0:/asa841-k8.bin ftp mode passive dns domain-lookup inside dns domain-lookup outside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 4.2.2.2 domain-name aaa.local same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object network obj_any subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 object network A_93.97.168.1 host 93.97.168.1 object network rdp host 192.168.1.2 object network NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.1.0_24 subnet 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 192.168.1.2 eq 3389 access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any source-quench access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any unreachable access-list 102 extended permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1492 ip local pool VPNPool 192.168.2.200-192.168.2.210 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-641.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 ! object network rdp nat (inside,outside) static interface service tcp 3389 3389 ! nat (inside,outside) after-auto source dynamic any interface access-group 101 in interface outside access-group 102 out interface outside ! router ospf 1 network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 log-adj-changes ! route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 93.97.168.1 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES protocol esp encryption des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal 3DES protocol esp encryption 3des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES protocol esp encryption aes protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES192 protocol esp encryption aes-192 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 protocol esp encryption aes-256 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 AES192 AES 3DES DES crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto ca trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 enrollment self subject-name CN=ciscoasa proxy-ldc-issuer crl configure crypto ca certificate chain ASDM_TrustPoint0 certificate 8877d64d 30820248 308201b1 a0030201 02020488 77d64d30 0d06092a 864886f7 0d010105 05003036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c301e 170d3131 30353231 30383533 34325a17 0d323130 35313830 38353334 325a3036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c3081 9f300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01010500 03818d00 30818902 818100ea 1aa95141 480e616c efee6816 a96d6511 313b6776 cd3dd57b cd84b4d2 5e108aee 7c980086 4d92e2eb b6c7bf66 4585af0a ccbf153a db9270be c6f5c67b db9dd8d1 2f78d033 3348b056 df4be0da 70e08953 53adf294 9db6c020 597d250f bf448b43 b90179c8 ff0b15d8 744632d9 31c1945f 0b11e258 b4c1d224 692efff4 7b2f5102 03010001 a3633061 300f0603 551d1301 01ff0405 30030101 ff300e06 03551d0f 0101ff04 04030201 86301f06 03551d23 04183016 8014493c 19db183a ab1af9e9 b1e44ad4 2a408b3c 89d1301d 0603551d 0e041604 14493c19 db183aab 1af9e9b1 e44ad42a 408b3c89 d1300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01050500 03818100 1dd1760a fdd15941 4803fb9a cd6f44a7 2e275854 a1c0fbe1 d19f2cc9 182d43ef a547f854 8df96d15 3ea79c62 cf3fcb1c 5820360b c607dbfc 4de8bb16 19f727e9 b928a085 665816d8 138e4a35 ed610950 7910dd4a 0b1a9dd9 0e26f1c8 b78bc0cc cbf19eb2 4c4c3931 45199ea5 249e3266 661e44fd 7a00d376 dcfc6e4e d43f10b8 quit crypto isakmp nat-traversal 30 crypto ikev2 policy 1 encryption aes-256 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 10 encryption aes-192 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 20 encryption aes integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 30 encryption 3des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 40 encryption des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 enable outside client-services port 443 crypto ikev2 remote-access trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.1.5-192.168.1.36 inside dhcpd dns 4.2.2.2 interface inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics host number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept rate-interval 30 burst-rate 400 average-rate 200 ntp server 82.219.4.31 source outside prefer ssl trust-point ASDM_TrustPoint0 outside webvpn enable outside anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.4.1012-k9.pkg 1 anyconnect profiles AnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/AnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect profiles SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect enable tunnel-group-list enable group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client ssl-clientless default-domain value aaa.local webvpn url-list none anyconnect profiles value AnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client default-domain value aaa.local webvpn anyconnect profiles value SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user username testuser password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted privilege 0 username testuser attributes vpn-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLPOL type remote-access tunnel-group SSLPOL general-attributes default-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN type remote-access tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN general-attributes address-pool VPNPool default-group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN webvpn-attributes group-alias SSLAnyConnectVPN enable ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect esmtp inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect ip-options inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect sip inspect skinny inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context call-home profile CiscoTAC-1 no active destination address http https://tools.cisco.com/its/service/oddce/services/DDCEService destination address email [email protected] destination transport-method http subscribe-to-alert-group diagnostic subscribe-to-alert-group environment subscribe-to-alert-group inventory periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group configuration periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group telemetry periodic daily Cryptochecksum:94a65341aa27d3929d5e92a32ba22120 : end

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• Sendmail to local domain ignoring MX records (part 2)

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I have the exact problem, like in this post: http://serverfault.com/questions/25068/sendmail-to-local-domain-ignoring-mx-records I am also using email provider like GMail For Your Domain (which stores your mail and manages it). I am sending mail from my server directly, but receiving mail is done via Yandex (email provider). Since the server hosts forum, I prefer to send mail directly from it because using another mail provider can slow things. Also, when I send 300.000 emails to my subscribers, email provider will surely block me thinking I send spam. My DNS zone now is: ; ; GSMFORUM.RU ; $TTL 1H gsmforum.ru. SOA ns1.hc.ru. support.hc.ru. ( 2009122268 ; Serial 1H ; Refresh 30M ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1H ) ; Minimum gsmforum.ru. NS ns1.hc.ru. gsmforum.ru. NS ns2.hc.ru. @ A 79.174.68.223 *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ ns1 A 79.174.68.223 ns2 A 79.174.68.224 @ MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. mail CNAME domain.mail.yandex.net. yamail-xxxxxxxxx CNAME mail.yandex.ru. Server hostname is server.gsmforum.ru. May be this is the cause? Can someone explain the reason of the matter (the rules that make sendmail consider domain to be local)? Can I easily change *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ into *.gsmforum.ru. A 79.174.68.224 to solve this problem? [root@server ~]# cat /etc/mail/local-host-names localhost localhost.localdomain This server hosts gsmforum.ru so I cannot put it into another domain like David Mackintosh suggests. Putting domain in mailertable doesn't solve the problem also. sendmail -bt still shows, that address is local. DontProbeInterfaces is also set to true at sendmail config. M4 file follows: divert(-1)dnl dnl # dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf package is dnl # installed and then performing a dnl # dnl # make -C /etc/mail dnl # include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl dnl # dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version. dnl # dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl dnl # dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to dnl # debug the configuration dnl # dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl dnl # dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to dnl # be sent out through an external mail server: dnl # dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl dnl # define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES',`True') define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl dnl # dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links dnl # dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl dnl # dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not dnl # guaranteed secure. dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH. dnl # dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl # dnl # Rudimentary information on creating certificates for sendmail TLS: dnl # cd /usr/share/ssl/certs; make sendmail.pem dnl # Complete usage: dnl # make -C /usr/share/ssl/certs usage dnl # dnl define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl dnl define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl # dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap dnl # dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl dnl # dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl dnl # dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to accept dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail refuses dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child processes. dnl # dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl dnl # dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the overhead dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP address dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this writing.) dnl # dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl dnl # dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his quota. dnl # FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients')dnl EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl dnl # dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery uncomment dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER section the dnl # cyrusv2 mailer. dnl # dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback address dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet. dnl # DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA,Port=smtp') dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or redirected find dnl # this useful. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587 followed dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook Express can't dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1. dnl # dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6 loopback dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl dnl # dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail: dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6') dnl # dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you want to dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this. dnl # FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl dnl # dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl dnl # dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email. dnl # LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl dnl # dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl FEATURE(`dnsbl',`zen.spamhaus.org',`Rejected - your IP is blacklisted by http://www.spamhaus.org')

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• Allowing connections initiated from outside

  - by Mark S. Rasmussen

  I've got an old Juniper SSG5 running ScreenOS 5.4.0r6.0. Once a day, more or less, it'll start randomly dropping packets at a rate of ~5-10%. We currently solve this issue by simply rebooting the unit, after which it resumes working in perfect condition. As this error has started appearing randomly, without any configuration or hardware changes, I'm assuming I've got an aging unit about to fail. As such, I've got a replacement SSG5 running ScreenOS 6.0. I've dumped the config on the 5.4 and imported it into a clean 6.0, and it seems to gladly accept it, and all my configuration seems to be A-OK. However, upon connecting the new unit, all outside-initiated connections seem to be blocked. If I browse our external IP from the inside, everything works perfectly, and it's not just port 80, SSH, Crashplan - all of our policies route correctly. All normal networking, initiated from the inside, work perfectly as well. If on the other hand I browse our external IP from the outside, everything is blocked. Barring differences between ScreenOS 5.4 and 6.0, the config is identical. Is there a setting somewhere that defines whether outside/inside initiated connections are allowed? unset key protection enable set clock timezone 1 set vrouter trust-vr sharable set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" unset auto-route-export exit set service "MyVOIP_UDP4569" protocol udp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4569-4569 set service "MyVOIP_TCP22" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 22-22 set service "MyRDP" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 3389-3389 set service "MyRsync" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 873-873 set service "NZ_FTP" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 40000-41000 set service "NZ_FTP" + tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 21-21 set service "PPTP-VPN" protocol 47 src-port 2048-2048 dst-port 2048-2048 set service "PPTP-VPN" + tcp src-port 1024-65535 dst-port 1723-1723 set service "NZ_FMS_1935" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 1935-1935 set service "NZ_FMS_1935" + udp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 1935-1935 set service "NZ_FMS_8080" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 8080-8080 set service "CrashPlan Server" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4280-4280 set service "CrashPlan Console" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4282-4282 unset alg sip enable set alg appleichat enable unset alg appleichat re-assembly enable set alg sctp enable set auth-server "Local" id 0 set auth-server "Local" server-name "Local" set auth default auth server "Local" set auth radius accounting port 1646 set admin name "netscreen" set admin password "XXX" set admin auth web timeout 10 set admin auth dial-in timeout 3 set admin auth server "Local" set admin format dos set vip multi-port set zone "Trust" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Untrust" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "DMZ" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "VLAN" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Untrust-Tun" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Trust" tcp-rst set zone "Untrust" block unset zone "Untrust" tcp-rst set zone "MGT" block unset zone "V1-Trust" tcp-rst unset zone "V1-Untrust" tcp-rst set zone "DMZ" tcp-rst unset zone "V1-DMZ" tcp-rst unset zone "VLAN" tcp-rst set zone "Untrust" screen tear-drop set zone "Untrust" screen syn-flood set zone "Untrust" screen ping-death set zone "Untrust" screen ip-filter-src set zone "Untrust" screen land set zone "V1-Untrust" screen tear-drop set zone "V1-Untrust" screen syn-flood set zone "V1-Untrust" screen ping-death set zone "V1-Untrust" screen ip-filter-src set zone "V1-Untrust" screen land set interface ethernet0/0 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/3 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/4 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/5 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/6 phy full 100mb set interface "ethernet0/0" zone "Untrust" set interface "ethernet0/1" zone "Null" set interface "bgroup0" zone "Trust" set interface "bgroup1" zone "Trust" set interface "bgroup2" zone "Trust" set interface bgroup2 port ethernet0/2 set interface bgroup0 port ethernet0/3 set interface bgroup0 port ethernet0/4 set interface bgroup1 port ethernet0/5 set interface bgroup1 port ethernet0/6 unset interface vlan1 ip set interface ethernet0/0 ip 215.173.182.18/29 set interface ethernet0/0 route set interface bgroup0 ip 192.168.1.1/24 set interface bgroup0 nat set interface bgroup1 ip 192.168.2.1/24 set interface bgroup1 nat set interface bgroup2 ip 192.168.3.1/24 set interface bgroup2 nat set interface ethernet0/0 gateway 215.173.182.17 unset interface vlan1 bypass-others-ipsec unset interface vlan1 bypass-non-ip set interface ethernet0/0 ip manageable set interface bgroup0 ip manageable set interface bgroup1 ip manageable set interface bgroup2 ip manageable set interface bgroup0 manage mtrace unset interface bgroup1 manage ssh unset interface bgroup1 manage telnet unset interface bgroup1 manage snmp unset interface bgroup1 manage ssl unset interface bgroup1 manage web unset interface bgroup2 manage ssh unset interface bgroup2 manage telnet unset interface bgroup2 manage snmp unset interface bgroup2 manage ssl unset interface bgroup2 manage web set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.19 2048 "PPTP-VPN" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.19 + 4280 "CrashPlan Server" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.19 + 4282 "CrashPlan Console" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 22 "MyVOIP_TCP22" 192.168.2.127 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 4569 "MyVOIP_UDP4569" 192.168.2.127 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 3389 "MyRDP" 192.168.2.202 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 873 "MyRsync" 192.168.2.201 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 80 "HTTP" 192.168.2.202 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 2048 "PPTP-VPN" 192.168.2.201 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 8080 "NZ_FMS_8080" 192.168.2.216 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 215.173.182.22 + 1935 "NZ_FMS_1935" 192.168.2.216 set interface bgroup0 dhcp server service set interface bgroup1 dhcp server service set interface bgroup2 dhcp server service set interface bgroup0 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup1 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup2 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup0 dhcp server option domainname companyalan set interface bgroup0 dhcp server option dns1 192.168.1.131 set interface bgroup1 dhcp server option domainname companyblan set interface bgroup1 dhcp server option dns1 192.168.2.202 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server option dns1 8.8.8.8 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server option wins1 8.8.4.4 set interface bgroup0 dhcp server ip 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.116 set interface bgroup1 dhcp server ip 192.168.2.2 to 192.168.2.116 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server ip 192.168.3.2 to 192.168.3.126 unset interface bgroup0 dhcp server config next-server-ip unset interface bgroup1 dhcp server config next-server-ip unset interface bgroup2 dhcp server config next-server-ip set interface "ethernet0/0" mip 215.173.182.21 host 192.168.2.202 netmask 255.255.255.255 vr "trust-vr" set interface "serial0/0" modem settings "USR" init "AT&F" set interface "serial0/0" modem settings "USR" active set interface "serial0/0" modem speed 115200 set interface "serial0/0" modem retry 3 set interface "serial0/0" modem interval 10 set interface "serial0/0" modem idle-time 10 set flow tcp-mss unset flow tcp-syn-check unset flow tcp-syn-bit-check set flow reverse-route clear-text prefer set flow reverse-route tunnel always set pki authority default scep mode "auto" set pki x509 default cert-path partial set pki x509 dn name "[email protected]" set dns host dns1 0.0.0.0 set dns host dns2 0.0.0.0 set dns host dns3 0.0.0.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.1.0/24" 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.2.0/24" 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 set crypto-policy exit set ike respond-bad-spi 1 set ike ikev2 ike-sa-soft-lifetime 60 unset ike ikeid-enumeration unset ike dos-protection unset ipsec access-session enable set ipsec access-session maximum 5000 set ipsec access-session upper-threshold 0 set ipsec access-session lower-threshold 0 set ipsec access-session dead-p2-sa-timeout 0 unset ipsec access-session log-error unset ipsec access-session info-exch-connected unset ipsec access-session use-error-log set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" exit set l2tp default ppp-auth chap set url protocol websense exit set policy id 1 from "Trust" to "Untrust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit set policy id 1 exit set policy id 2 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(215.173.182.19)" "PPTP-VPN" permit traffic set policy id 2 exit set policy id 3 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(215.173.182.22)" "HTTP" permit log set policy id 3 set service "MyRDP" set service "MyRsync" set service "MyVOIP_TCP22" set service "MyVOIP_UDP4569" exit set policy id 6 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.1.0/24" "192.168.2.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 6 exit set policy id 7 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.2.0/24" "192.168.1.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 7 exit set policy id 8 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" "192.168.1.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 8 exit set policy id 9 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" "192.168.2.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 9 exit set policy id 10 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "MIP(215.173.182.21)" "NZ_FTP" permit set policy id 10 exit set policy id 11 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(215.173.182.22)" "PPTP-VPN" permit set policy id 11 exit set policy id 12 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(215.173.182.22)" "NZ_FMS_1935" permit set policy id 12 set service "NZ_FMS_8080" exit set policy id 13 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(215.173.182.19)" "CrashPlan Console" permit set policy id 13 set service "CrashPlan Server" exit set nsmgmt bulkcli reboot-timeout 60 set ssh version v2 set config lock timeout 5 unset license-key auto-update set telnet client enable set snmp port listen 161 set snmp port trap 162 set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" unset add-default-route exit set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" exit Note that I've previously posted a similar question (pertaining to the same device & replacement, but ultimately caused by a malfunctioning switch, and thus clouding the current issue): Outbound traffic being blocked for MIP/VIPped servers (Juniper SSG5)

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• e2fsck extremely slow, although enough memory exists

  - by kaefert

  I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there is some problem that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg ... [ 113.084079] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [ 113.217783] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=3320 [ 113.217787] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1 [ 113.217790] usb 2-1: Product: Expansion Desk [ 113.217792] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Seagate [ 113.217794] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: NA4J4N6K [ 113.435404] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 113.455315] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 113.468051] scsi5 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 113.468180] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 113.468182] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 114.473105] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate Expansion Desk 070B PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! ... So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and e2fsck scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So the numbers in the lseek lines before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if those numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. UPDATE2: Okey, big disappointment, the numbers are back to very small again (2012-11-07_0720) lseek(4, 52174548992, SEEK_SET) = 52174548992 read(4, "\374\312\22\\\325\215\213\23\0357U\222\246\370v^f(\312|f\212\362\343\375\373\342\4\204mU6"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 46603526144, SEEK_SET) = 46603526144 write(4, "\370\261\223\227\23?\4\4\217\264\320_Am\246CQ\313^\203U\253\274\204\277\2564n\227\177\267\343"..., 4096) = 4096 so either e2fsck goes over the data multiple times, or it just hops back and forth multiple times. Or my assumption that those numbers are bytes is wrong. UPDATE3: Since it's mentioned here http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?t=282125&page=2 that you can testisk while e2fsck is running, i tried that, though not with a lot of success. When asking testdisk to display the data of my partition, this is what I get: TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org 1 P Linux 0 4 5 45600 40 8 732566272 Can't open filesystem. Filesystem seems damaged. And this is what strace currently gives me (2012-11-07_1030) lseek(4, 212460343296, SEEK_SET) = 212460343296 read(4, "\315Mb\265v\377Gn \24\f\205EHh\2349~\330\273\203\3375\206\10\r3=W\210\372\352"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 47347830784, SEEK_SET) = 47347830784 write(4, "]\204\223\300I\357\4\26\33+\243\312G\230\250\371*m2U\t_\215\265J \252\342Pm\360D"..., 4096) = 4096 (times are in CET)

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• How can I avoid Windows 8.1 resetting my font size?

  - by Michael Tsang

  I am using Windows 8.1 on my laptop, which has a 15.6" screen with resolution 1366x768. I measured the screen with a ruler and calculated its DPI, which is 101. Therefore, I have set the scaling to 105%. However, when I change to an external monitor, which is a huge one with resolution 1920x1080 and DPI 93, I need to change the scaling to 97% but when I change the DPI back and forth, my font sizes have get resetted. I prefer using font sizes 14 on my title bars, message boxes and icons and font sizes 13 on my palette titles, menus and tooltips. However, as my laptop screen is too small, in order to make my apps fit on screen, I use font sizes 12 on my title bars, message boxes and icons and font sizes 11 on my palette titles, menus and tooltips. I don't know why I can't resize the window to make it larger than my screen in Windows (but it is possible in Kubuntu), therefore, some parts of my apps cannot be shown with my preferred font size. I have tried changing both the DPI and the font size by using .reg files. Before switching to my laptop screen, I apply the following: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop] "LogPixels"=dword:00000065 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics] "CaptionFont"=hex:ef,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,bc,02,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "SmCaptionFont"=hex:f0,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,bc,02,00,\ 00,00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MenuFont"=hex:f0,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,\ 00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "StatusFont"=hex:f0,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MessageFont"=hex:ef,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "IconFont"=hex:ef,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,\ 00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "AppliedDPI"=dword:00000065 Before switching to my external display, I apply this: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop] "LogPixels"=dword:0000005d [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics] "CaptionFont"=hex:ed,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,bc,02,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "SmCaptionFont"=hex:ee,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,bc,02,00,\ 00,00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MenuFont"=hex:ef,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,\ 00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "StatusFont"=hex:ef,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "MessageFont"=hex:ed,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,\ 00,00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "IconFont"=hex:ed,ff,ff,ff,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,90,01,00,00,00,\ 00,00,01,00,00,05,00,53,00,65,00,67,00,6f,00,65,00,20,00,55,00,49,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\ 00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 "AppliedDPI"=dword:0000005d I expect after applying the file, the DPI settings and the font sizes take effect at the next sign in. However, on my laptop screen, after I applied the file, signed out and in, the DPI setting changed, but the font sizes were resetted to tiny, and I had to apply the same file, signed out and in again to get the correct font size. The situation is even worse on my external monitor. After I applied the file, signed out and in, both the DPI setting and the font sizes were resetted to their default values, which were 96 DPI (the physical DPI as measured by dividing the resolution by the physical size is 93) and font size 9, which is totally unacceptable. How can I write the .reg files such that the settings can be correctly applied with a single sign in?

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• Nagios plugin script not working as expected

  - by Linker3000

  I have modified an off-the-shelf Nagios plugin perl script to (in theory) return a one or zero according to the existence, or not, of a file on a remote linux server. The script runs a remote ssh session and logs in as the nagios user. The remote linux servers have private keys setup for that user, and on the bash command line the script works as expected, but when run as a plugin it always returns '1' (true) even if the file does not exist. Some help with the logic or a comment on why things are not working as expected within Nagios would be appreciated. I'd prefer to use this ssh login method rather than having to install nrpe on all the linux servers. To run from a command line (assuming remote server has a user called nagios with a valid private key): ./check_reboot_required -e ssh -H remote-servers-ip-addr -p 'filename-to-check' -v Ta. #! /usr/bin/perl -w # # # License Information: # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # ############################################################################ use POSIX; use strict; use Getopt::Long; use lib "/usr/lib/nagios/plugins" ; use vars qw($host $opt_V $opt_h $opt_v $verbose $PROGNAME $pattern $opt_p $mmin $opt_e $opt_t $opt_H $status $state $msg $msg_q $MAILQ $SHELL $device $used $avail $percent $fs $blocks $CMD $RMTOS); use utils qw(%ERRORS &print_revision &support &usage ); sub print_help (); sub print_usage (); sub process_arguments (); $ENV{'PATH'}=''; $ENV{'BASH_ENV'}=''; $ENV{'ENV'}=''; $PROGNAME = "check_reboot_required"; Getopt::Long::Configure('bundling'); $status = process_arguments(); if ($status){ print "ERROR: processing arguments\n"; exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } $SIG{'ALRM'} = sub { print ("ERROR: timed out waiting for $CMD on $host\n"); exit $ERRORS{'WARNING'}; }; $host = $opt_H; $pattern = $opt_p; print "Pattern >" . $pattern . "< " if $verbose; alarm($opt_t); #$CMD = "/usr/bin/find " . $pattern . " -type f 2>/dev/null| /usr/bin/wc -l"; $CMD = "[ -f " . $pattern . " ] && echo 1 || echo 0"; alarm($opt_t); ## get cmd output from remote system if (! open (OUTPUT, "$SHELL $host $CMD|" ) ) { print "ERROR: could not open $CMD on $host\n"; exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } my $perfdata = ""; my $state = "3"; my $msg = "Indeterminate result"; # only first line is relevant in this iteration. while (<OUTPUT>) { my $result = chomp($_); $msg = $result; print "Shell returned >" . $result . "< length is " . length($result) . " " if $verbose; if ( $result == 1 ) { $msg = "Reboot required (NB: Result still not accurate)" . $result ; $state = $ERRORS{'WARNING'}; last; } elsif ( $result == 0 ) { $msg = "No reboot required (NB: Result still not accurate) " . $result ; $state = $ERRORS{'OK'}; last; } else { $msg = "Output received, but it was neither a 1 nor a 0" ; last; } } close (OUTPUT); print "$msg | $perfdata\n"; exit $state; ##################################### #### subs sub process_arguments(){ GetOptions ("V" => \$opt_V, "version" => \$opt_V, "v" => \$opt_v, "verbose" => \$opt_v, "h" => \$opt_h, "help" => \$opt_h, "e=s" => \$opt_e, "shell=s" => \$opt_e, "p=s" => \$opt_p, "pattern=s" => \$opt_p, "t=i" => \$opt_t, "timeout=i" => \$opt_t, "H=s" => \$opt_H, "hostname=s" => \$opt_H ); if ($opt_V) { print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: 1.0 $ '); exit $ERRORS{'OK'}; } if ($opt_h) { print_help(); exit $ERRORS{'OK'}; } if (defined $opt_v ){ $verbose = $opt_v; } if (defined $opt_e ){ if ( $opt_e eq "ssh" ) { if (-x "/usr/local/bin/ssh") { $SHELL = "/usr/local/bin/ssh"; } elsif ( -x "/usr/bin/ssh" ) { $SHELL = "/usr/bin/ssh"; } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } } elsif ( $opt_e eq "rsh" ) { $SHELL = "/usr/bin/rsh"; } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } } else { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } unless (defined $opt_t) { $opt_t = $utils::TIMEOUT ; # default timeout } unless (defined $opt_H) { print_usage(); exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'}; } return $ERRORS{'OK'}; } sub print_usage () { print "Usage: $PROGNAME -e <shell> -H <hostname> -p <directory/file pattern> [-t <timeout>] [-v verbose]\n"; } sub print_help () { print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: 0.1 $'); print "\n"; print_usage(); print "\n"; print " Checks for the presence of a 'reboot-required' file on a remote host via SSH or RSH\n"; print "-e (--shell) = ssh or rsh (required)\n"; print "-H (--hostname) = remote server name (required)"; print "-p (--pattern) = File pattern for find command (default = /var/run/reboot-required)\n"; print "-t (--timeout) = Plugin timeout in seconds (default = $utils::TIMEOUT)\n"; print "-h (--help)\n"; print "-V (--version)\n"; print "-v (--verbose) = debugging output\n"; print "\n\n"; support(); }

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• Microsoft and jQuery

  - by Rick Strahl

  The jQuery JavaScript library has been steadily getting more popular and with recent developments from Microsoft, jQuery is also getting ever more exposure on the ASP.NET platform including now directly from Microsoft. jQuery is a light weight, open source DOM manipulation library for JavaScript that has changed how many developers think about JavaScript. You can download it and find more information on jQuery on www.jquery.com. For me jQuery has had a huge impact on how I develop Web applications and was probably the main reason I went from dreading to do JavaScript development to actually looking forward to implementing client side JavaScript functionality. It has also had a profound impact on my JavaScript skill level for me by seeing how the library accomplishes things (and often reviewing the terse but excellent source code). jQuery made an uncomfortable development platform (JavaScript + DOM) a joy to work on. Although jQuery is by no means the only JavaScript library out there, its ease of use, small size, huge community of plug-ins and pure usefulness has made it easily the most popular JavaScript library available today. As a long time jQuery user, I’ve been excited to see the developments from Microsoft that are bringing jQuery to more ASP.NET developers and providing more integration with jQuery for ASP.NET’s core features rather than relying on the ASP.NET AJAX library. Microsoft and jQuery – making Friends jQuery is an open source project but in the last couple of years Microsoft has really thrown its weight behind supporting this open source library as a supported component on the Microsoft platform. When I say supported I literally mean supported: Microsoft now offers actual tech support for jQuery as part of their Product Support Services (PSS) as jQuery integration has become part of several of the ASP.NET toolkits and ships in several of the default Web project templates in Visual Studio 2010. The ASP.NET MVC 3 framework (still in Beta) also uses jQuery for a variety of client side support features including client side validation and we can look forward toward more integration of client side functionality via jQuery in both MVC and WebForms in the future. In other words jQuery is becoming an optional but included component of the ASP.NET platform. PSS support means that support staff will answer jQuery related support questions as part of any support incidents related to ASP.NET which provides some piece of mind to some corporate development shops that require end to end support from Microsoft. In addition to including jQuery and supporting it, Microsoft has also been getting involved in providing development resources for extending jQuery’s functionality via plug-ins. Microsoft’s last version of the Microsoft Ajax Library – which is the successor to the native ASP.NET AJAX Library – included some really cool functionality for client templates, databinding and localization. As it turns out Microsoft has rebuilt most of that functionality using jQuery as the base API and provided jQuery plug-ins of these components. Very recently these three plug-ins were submitted and have been approved for inclusion in the official jQuery plug-in repository and been taken over by the jQuery team for further improvements and maintenance. Even more surprising: The jQuery-templates component has actually been approved for inclusion in the next major update of the jQuery core in jQuery V1.5, which means it will become a native feature that doesn’t require additional script files to be loaded. Imagine this – an open source contribution from Microsoft that has been accepted into a major open source project for a core feature improvement. Microsoft has come a long way indeed! What the Microsoft Involvement with jQuery means to you For Microsoft jQuery support is a strategic decision that affects their direction in client side development, but nothing stopped you from using jQuery in your applications prior to Microsoft’s official backing and in fact a large chunk of developers did so readily prior to Microsoft’s announcement. Official support from Microsoft brings a few benefits to developers however. jQuery support in Visual Studio 2010 means built-in support for jQuery IntelliSense, automatically added jQuery scripts in many projects types and a common base for client side functionality that actually uses what most developers are already using. If you have already been using jQuery and were worried about straying from the Microsoft line and their internal Microsoft Ajax Library – worry no more. With official support and the change in direction towards jQuery Microsoft is now following along what most in the ASP.NET community had already been doing by using jQuery, which is likely the reason for Microsoft’s shift in direction in the first place. ASP.NET AJAX and the Microsoft AJAX Library weren’t bad technology – there was tons of useful functionality buried in these libraries. However, these libraries never got off the ground, mainly because early incarnations were squarely aimed at control/component developers rather than application developers. For all the functionality that these controls provided for control developers they lacked in useful and easily usable application developer functionality that was easily accessible in day to day client side development. The result was that even though Microsoft shipped support for these tools in the box (in .NET 3.5 and 4.0), other than for the internal support in ASP.NET for things like the UpdatePanel and the ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit as well as some third party vendors, the Microsoft client libraries were largely ignored by the developer community opening the door for other client side solutions. Microsoft seems to be acknowledging developer choice in this case: Many more developers were going down the jQuery path rather than using the Microsoft built libraries and there seems to be little sense in continuing development of a technology that largely goes unused by the majority of developers. Kudos for Microsoft for recognizing this and gracefully changing directions. Note that even though there will be no further development in the Microsoft client libraries they will continue to be supported so if you’re using them in your applications there’s no reason to start running for the exit in a panic and start re-writing everything with jQuery. Although that might be a reasonable choice in some cases, jQuery and the Microsoft libraries work well side by side so that you can leave existing solutions untouched even as you enhance them with jQuery. The Microsoft jQuery Plug-ins – Solid Core Features One of the most interesting developments in Microsoft’s embracing of jQuery is that Microsoft has started contributing to jQuery via standard mechanism set for jQuery developers: By submitting plug-ins. Microsoft took some of the nicest new features of the unpublished Microsoft Ajax Client Library and re-wrote these components for jQuery and then submitted them as plug-ins to the jQuery plug-in repository. Accepted plug-ins get taken over by the jQuery team and that’s exactly what happened with the three plug-ins submitted by Microsoft with the templating plug-in even getting slated to be published as part of the jQuery core in the next major release (1.5). The following plug-ins are provided by Microsoft: jQuery Templates – a client side template rendering engine jQuery Data Link – a client side databinder that can synchronize changes without code jQuery Globalization – provides formatting and conversion features for dates and numbers The first two are ports of functionality that was slated for the Microsoft Ajax Library while functionality for the globalization library provides functionality that was already found in the original ASP.NET AJAX library. To me all three plug-ins address a pressing need in client side applications and provide functionality I’ve previously used in other incarnations, but with more complete implementations. Let’s take a close look at these plug-ins. jQuery Templates http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/templates/ Client side templating is a key component for building rich JavaScript applications in the browser. Templating on the client lets you avoid from manually creating markup by creating DOM nodes and injecting them individually into the document via code. Rather you can create markup templates – similar to the way you create classic ASP server markup – and merge data into these templates to render HTML which you can then inject into the document or replace existing content with. Output from templates are rendered as a jQuery matched set and can then be easily inserted into the document as needed. Templating is key to minimize client side code and reduce repeated code for rendering logic. Instead a single template can be used in many places for updating and adding content to existing pages. Further if you build pure AJAX interfaces that rely entirely on client rendering of the initial page content, templates allow you to a use a single markup template to handle all rendering of each specific HTML section/element. I’ve used a number of different client rendering template engines with jQuery in the past including jTemplates (a PHP style templating engine) and a modified version of John Resig’s MicroTemplating engine which I built into my own set of libraries because it’s such a commonly used feature in my client side applications. jQuery templates adds a much richer templating model that allows for sub-templates and access to the data items. Like John Resig’s original Micro Template engine, the core basics of the templating engine create JavaScript code which means that templates can include JavaScript code. To give you a basic idea of how templates work imagine I have an application that downloads a set of stock quotes based on a symbol list then displays them in the document. To do this you can create an ‘item’ template that describes how each of the quotes is renderd as a template inside of the document: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div><div>${LastPrice}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div><div>${LastQuoteTimeString}</div> </div> </script> The ‘template’ is little more than HTML with some markup expressions inside of it that define the template language. Notice the embedded ${} expressions which reference data from the quote objects returned from an AJAX call on the server. You can embed any JavaScript or value expression in these template expressions. There are also a number of structural commands like {{if}} and {{each}} that provide for rudimentary logic inside of your templates as well as commands ({{tmpl}} and {{wrap}}) for nesting templates. You can find more about the full set of markup expressions available in the documentation. To load up this data you can use code like the following: <script type="text/javascript"> //var Proxy = new ServiceProxy("../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/"); $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnGetQuotes").click(GetQuotes); }); function GetQuotes() { var symbols = $("#txtSymbols").val().split(","); $.ajax({ url: "../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/GetStockQuotes", data: JSON.stringify({ symbols: symbols }), // parameter map type: "POST", // data has to be POSTed contentType: "application/json", timeout: 10000, dataType: "json", success: function (result) { var quotes = result.d; var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); $("#quoteDisplay").empty().append(jEl); }, error: function (xhr, status) { alert(status + "\r\n" + xhr.responseText); } }); }; </script> In this case an ASMX AJAX service is called to retrieve the stock quotes. The service returns an array of quote objects. The result is returned as an object with the .d property (in Microsoft service style) that returns the actual array of quotes. The template is applied with: var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); which selects the template script tag and uses the .tmpl() function to apply the data to it. The result is a jQuery matched set of elements that can then be appended to the quote display element in the page. The template is merged against an array in this example. When the result is an array the template is automatically applied to each each array item. If you pass a single data item – like say a stock quote – the template works exactly the same way but is applied only once. Templates also have access to a $data item which provides the current data item and information about the tempalte that is currently executing. This makes it possible to keep context within the context of the template itself and also to pass context from a parent template to a child template which is very powerful. Templates can be evaluated by using the template selector and calling the .tmpl() function on the jQuery matched set as shown above or you can use the static $.tmpl() function to provide a template as a string. This allows you to dynamically create templates in code or – more likely – to load templates from the server via AJAX calls. In short there are options The above shows off some of the basics, but there’s much for functionality available in the template engine. Check the documentation link for more information and links to additional examples. The plug-in download also comes with a number of examples that demonstrate functionality. jQuery templates will become a native component in jQuery Core 1.5, so it’s definitely worthwhile checking out the engine today and get familiar with this interface. As much as I’m stoked about templating becoming part of the jQuery core because it’s such an integral part of many applications, there are also a couple shortcomings in the current incarnation: Lack of Error Handling Currently if you embed an expression that is invalid it’s simply not rendered. There’s no error rendered into the template nor do the various  template functions throw errors which leaves finding of bugs as a runtime exercise. I would like some mechanism – optional if possible – to be able to get error info of what is failing in a template when it’s rendered. No String Output Templates are always rendered into a jQuery matched set and there’s no way that I can see to directly render to a string. String output can be useful for debugging as well as opening up templating for creating non-HTML string output. Limited JavaScript Access Unlike John Resig’s original MicroTemplating Engine which was entirely based on JavaScript code generation these templates are limited to a few structured commands that can ‘execute’. There’s no code execution inside of script code which means you’re limited to calling expressions available in global objects or the data item passed in. This may or may not be a big deal depending on the complexity of your template logic. Error handling has been discussed quite a bit and it’s likely there will be some solution to that particualar issue by the time jQuery templates ship. The others are relatively minor issues but something to think about anyway. jQuery Data Link http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/data-link/ jQuery Data Link provides the ability to do two-way data binding between input controls and an underlying object’s properties. The typical scenario is linking a textbox to a property of an object and have the object updated when the text in the textbox is changed and have the textbox change when the value in the object or the entire object changes. The plug-in also supports converter functions that can be applied to provide the conversion logic from string to some other value typically necessary for mapping things like textbox string input to say a number property and potentially applying additional formatting and calculations. In theory this sounds great, however in reality this plug-in has some serious usability issues. Using the plug-in you can do things like the following to bind data: person = { firstName: "rick", lastName: "strahl"}; $(document).ready( function() { // provide for two-way linking of inputs $("form").link(person); // bind to non-input elements explicitly $("#objFirst").link(person, { firstName: { name: "objFirst", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); $("#objLast").link(person, { lastName: { name: "objLast", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); }); This code hooks up two-way linking between a couple of textboxes on the page and the person object. The first line in the .ready() handler provides mapping of object to form field with the same field names as properties on the object. Note that .link() does NOT bind items into the textboxes when you call .link() – changes are mapped only when values change and you move out of the field. Strike one. The two following commands allow manual binding of values to specific DOM elements which is effectively a one-way bind. You specify the object and a then an explicit mapping where name is an ID in the document. The converter is required to explicitly assign the value to the element. Strike two. You can also detect changes to the underlying object and cause updates to the input elements bound. Unfortunately the syntax to do this is not very natural as you have to rely on the jQuery data object. To update an object’s properties and get change notification looks like this: function updateFirstName() { $(person).data("firstName", person.firstName + " (code updated)"); } This works fine in causing any linked fields to be updated. In the bindings above both the firstName input field and objFirst DOM element gets updated. But the syntax requires you to use a jQuery .data() call for each property change to ensure that the changes are tracked properly. Really? Sure you’re binding through multiple layers of abstraction now but how is that better than just manually assigning values? The code savings (if any) are going to be minimal. As much as I would like to have a WPF/Silverlight/Observable-like binding mechanism in client script, this plug-in doesn’t help much towards that goal in its current incarnation. While you can bind values, the ‘binder’ is too limited to be really useful. If initial values can’t be assigned from the mappings you’re going to end up duplicating work loading the data using some other mechanism. There’s no easy way to re-bind data with a different object altogether since updates trigger only through the .data members. Finally, any non-input elements have to be bound via code that’s fairly verbose and frankly may be more voluminous than what you might write by hand for manual binding and unbinding. Two way binding can be very useful but it has to be easy and most importantly natural. If it’s more work to hook up a binding than writing a couple of lines to do binding/unbinding this sort of thing helps very little in most scenarios. In talking to some of the developers the feature set for Data Link is not complete and they are still soliciting input for features and functionality. If you have ideas on how you want this feature to be more useful get involved and post your recommendations. As it stands, it looks to me like this component needs a lot of love to become useful. For this component to really provide value, bindings need to be able to be refreshed easily and work at the object level, not just the property level. It seems to me we would be much better served by a model binder object that can perform these binding/unbinding tasks in bulk rather than a tool where each link has to be mapped first. I also find the choice of creating a jQuery plug-in questionable – it seems a standalone object – albeit one that relies on the jQuery library – would provide a more intuitive interface than the current forcing of options onto a plug-in style interface. Out of the three Microsoft created components this is by far the least useful and least polished implementation at this point. jQuery Globalization http://github.com/jquery/jquery-global Globalization in JavaScript applications often gets short shrift and part of the reason for this is that natively in JavaScript there’s little support for formatting and parsing of numbers and dates. There are a number of JavaScript libraries out there that provide some support for globalization, but most are limited to a particular portion of globalization. As .NET developers we’re fairly spoiled by the richness of APIs provided in the framework and when dealing with client development one really notices the lack of these features. While you may not necessarily need to localize your application the globalization plug-in also helps with some basic tasks for non-localized applications: Dealing with formatting and parsing of dates and time values. Dates in particular are problematic in JavaScript as there are no formatters whatsoever except the .toString() method which outputs a verbose and next to useless long string. With the globalization plug-in you get a good chunk of the formatting and parsing functionality that the .NET framework provides on the server. You can write code like the following for example to format numbers and dates: var date = new Date(); var output = $.format(date, "MMM. dd, yy") + "\r\n" + $.format(date, "d") + "\r\n" + // 10/25/2010 $.format(1222.32213, "N2") + "\r\n" + $.format(1222.33, "c") + "\r\n"; alert(output); This becomes even more useful if you combine it with templates which can also include any JavaScript expressions. Assuming the globalization plug-in is loaded you can create template expressions that use the $.format function. Here’s the template I used earlier for the stock quote again with a couple of formats applied: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div> <div>${$.format(LastPrice,"N2")}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div> <div>${$.format(LastQuoteTime,"MMM dd, yyyy")}</div> </div> </script> There are also parsing methods that can parse dates and numbers from strings into numbers easily: alert($.parseDate("25.10.2010")); alert($.parseInt("12.222")); // de-DE uses . for thousands separators As you can see culture specific options are taken into account when parsing. The globalization plugin provides rich support for a variety of locales: Get a list of all available cultures Query cultures for culture items (like currency symbol, separators etc.) Localized string names for all calendar related items (days of week, months) Generated off of .NET’s supported locales In short you get much of the same functionality that you already might be using in .NET on the server side. The plugin includes a huge number of locales and an Globalization.all.min.js file that contains the text defaults for each of these locales as well as small locale specific script files that define each of the locale specific settings. It’s highly recommended that you NOT use the huge globalization file that includes all locales, but rather add script references to only those languages you explicitly care about. Overall this plug-in is a welcome helper. Even if you use it with a single locale (like en-US) and do no other localization, you’ll gain solid support for number and date formatting which is a vital feature of many applications. Changes for Microsoft It’s good to see Microsoft coming out of its shell and away from the ‘not-built-here’ mentality that has been so pervasive in the past. It’s especially good to see it applied to jQuery – a technology that has stood in drastic contrast to Microsoft’s own internal efforts in terms of design, usage model and… popularity. It’s great to see that Microsoft is paying attention to what customers prefer to use and supporting the customer sentiment – even if it meant drastically changing course of policy and moving into a more open and sharing environment in the process. The additional jQuery support that has been introduced in the last two years certainly has made lives easier for many developers on the ASP.NET platform. It’s also nice to see Microsoft submitting proposals through the standard jQuery process of plug-ins and getting accepted for various very useful projects. Certainly the jQuery Templates plug-in is going to be very useful to many especially since it will be baked into the jQuery core in jQuery 1.5. I hope we see more of this type of involvement from Microsoft in the future. Kudos!© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in jQuery  ASP.NET  

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• Introducing the Earthquake Locator – A Bing Maps Silverlight Application, part 1

  - by Bobby Diaz

  Update: Live demo and source code now available!  The recent wave of earthquakes (no pun intended) being reported in the news got me wondering about the frequency and severity of earthquakes around the world. Since I’ve been doing a lot of Silverlight development lately, I decided to scratch my curiosity with a nice little Bing Maps application that will show the location and relative strength of recent seismic activity. Here is a list of technologies this application will utilize, so be sure to have everything downloaded and installed if you plan on following along. Silverlight 3 WCF RIA Services Bing Maps Silverlight Control * Managed Extensibility Framework (optional) MVVM Light Toolkit (optional) log4net (optional) * If you are new to Bing Maps or have not signed up for a Developer Account, you will need to visit www.bingmapsportal.com to request a Bing Maps key for your application. Getting Started We start out by creating a new Silverlight Application called EarthquakeLocator and specify that we want to automatically create the Web Application Project with RIA Services enabled. I cleaned up the web app by removing the Default.aspx and EarthquakeLocatorTestPage.html. Then I renamed the EarthquakeLocatorTestPage.aspx to Default.aspx and set it as my start page. I also set the development server to use a specific port, as shown below. RIA Services Next, I created a Services folder in the EarthquakeLocator.Web project and added a new Domain Service Class called EarthquakeService.cs. This is the RIA Services Domain Service that will provide earthquake data for our client application. I am not using LINQ to SQL or Entity Framework, so I will use the <empty domain service class> option. We will be pulling data from an external Atom feed, but this example could just as easily pull data from a database or another web service. This is an important distinction to point out because each scenario I just mentioned could potentially use a different Domain Service base class (i.e. LinqToSqlDomainService<TDataContext>). Now we can start adding Query methods to our EarthquakeService that pull data from the USGS web site. Here is the complete code for our service class: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.ServiceModel.Syndication; using System.Web.DomainServices; using System.Web.Ria; using System.Xml; using log4net; using EarthquakeLocator.Web.Model;   namespace EarthquakeLocator.Web.Services {     /// <summary>     /// Provides earthquake data to client applications.     /// </summary>     [EnableClientAccess()]     public class EarthquakeService : DomainService     {         private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(EarthquakeService));           // USGS Data Feeds: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/catalogs/         private const string FeedForPreviousDay =             "http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/catalogs/1day-M2.5.xml";         private const string FeedForPreviousWeek =             "http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/catalogs/7day-M2.5.xml";           /// <summary>         /// Gets the earthquake data for the previous week.         /// </summary>         /// <returns>A queryable collection of <see cref="Earthquake"/> objects.</returns>         public IQueryable<Earthquake> GetEarthquakes()         {             var feed = GetFeed(FeedForPreviousWeek);             var list = new List<Earthquake>();               if ( feed != null )             {                 foreach ( var entry in feed.Items )                 {                     var quake = CreateEarthquake(entry);                     if ( quake != null )                     {                         list.Add(quake);                     }                 }             }               return list.AsQueryable();         }           /// <summary>         /// Creates an <see cref="Earthquake"/> object for each entry in the Atom feed.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="entry">The Atom entry.</param>         /// <returns></returns>         private Earthquake CreateEarthquake(SyndicationItem entry)         {             Earthquake quake = null;             string title = entry.Title.Text;             string summary = entry.Summary.Text;             string point = GetElementValue<String>(entry, "point");             string depth = GetElementValue<String>(entry, "elev");             string utcTime = null;             string localTime = null;             string depthDesc = null;             double? magnitude = null;             double? latitude = null;             double? longitude = null;             double? depthKm = null;               if ( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(title) && title.StartsWith("M") )             {                 title = title.Substring(2, title.IndexOf(',')-3).Trim();                 magnitude = TryParse(title);             }             if ( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(point) )             {                 var values = point.Split(' ');                 if ( values.Length == 2 )                 {                     latitude = TryParse(values[0]);                     longitude = TryParse(values[1]);                 }             }             if ( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(depth) )             {                 depthKm = TryParse(depth);                 if ( depthKm != null )                 {                     depthKm = Math.Round((-1 * depthKm.Value) / 100, 2);                 }             }             if ( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(summary) )             {                 summary = summary.Replace("</p>", "");                 var values = summary.Split(                     new string[] { "<p>" },                     StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);                   if ( values.Length == 3 )                 {                     var times = values[1].Split(                         new string[] { "<br>" },                         StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);                       if ( times.Length > 0 )                     {                         utcTime = times[0];                     }                     if ( times.Length > 1 )                     {                         localTime = times[1];                     }                       depthDesc = values[2];                     depthDesc = "Depth: " + depthDesc.Substring(depthDesc.IndexOf(":") + 2);                 }             }               if ( latitude != null && longitude != null )             {                 quake = new Earthquake()                 {                     Id = entry.Id,                     Title = entry.Title.Text,                     Summary = entry.Summary.Text,                     Date = entry.LastUpdatedTime.DateTime,                     Url = entry.Links.Select(l => Path.Combine(l.BaseUri.OriginalString,                         l.Uri.OriginalString)).FirstOrDefault(),                     Age = entry.Categories.Where(c => c.Label == "Age")                         .Select(c => c.Name).FirstOrDefault(),                     Magnitude = magnitude.GetValueOrDefault(),                     Latitude = latitude.GetValueOrDefault(),                     Longitude = longitude.GetValueOrDefault(),                     DepthInKm = depthKm.GetValueOrDefault(),                     DepthDesc = depthDesc,                     UtcTime = utcTime,                     LocalTime = localTime                 };             }               return quake;         }           private T GetElementValue<T>(SyndicationItem entry, String name)         {             var el = entry.ElementExtensions.Where(e => e.OuterName == name).FirstOrDefault();             T value = default(T);               if ( el != null )             {                 value = el.GetObject<T>();             }               return value;         }           private double? TryParse(String value)         {             double d;             if ( Double.TryParse(value, out d) )             {                 return d;             }             return null;         }           /// <summary>         /// Gets the feed at the specified URL.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="url">The URL.</param>         /// <returns>A <see cref="SyndicationFeed"/> object.</returns>         public static SyndicationFeed GetFeed(String url)         {             SyndicationFeed feed = null;               try             {                 log.Debug("Loading RSS feed: " + url);                   using ( var reader = XmlReader.Create(url) )                 {                     feed = SyndicationFeed.Load(reader);                 }             }             catch ( Exception ex )             {                 log.Error("Error occurred while loading RSS feed: " + url, ex);             }               return feed;         }     } }   The only method that will be generated in the client side proxy class, EarthquakeContext, will be the GetEarthquakes() method. The reason being that it is the only public instance method and it returns an IQueryable<Earthquake> collection that can be consumed by the client application. GetEarthquakes() calls the static GetFeed(String) method, which utilizes the built in SyndicationFeed API to load the external data feed. You will need to add a reference to the System.ServiceModel.Web library in order to take advantage of the RSS/Atom reader. The API will also allow you to create your own feeds to serve up in your applications. Model I have also created a Model folder and added a new class, Earthquake.cs. The Earthquake object will hold the various properties returned from the Atom feed. Here is a sample of the code for that class. Notice the [Key] attribute on the Id property, which is required by RIA Services to uniquely identify the entity. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;   namespace EarthquakeLocator.Web.Model {     /// <summary>     /// Represents an earthquake occurrence and related information.     /// </summary>     [DataContract]     public class Earthquake     {         /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets the id.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The id.</value>         [Key]         [DataMember]         public string Id { get; set; }           /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets the title.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The title.</value>         [DataMember]         public string Title { get; set; }           /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets the summary.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The summary.</value>         [DataMember]         public string Summary { get; set; }           // additional properties omitted     } }   View Model The recent trend to use the MVVM pattern for WPF and Silverlight provides a great way to separate the data and behavior logic out of the user interface layer of your client applications. I have chosen to use the MVVM Light Toolkit for the Earthquake Locator, but there are other options out there if you prefer another library. That said, I went ahead and created a ViewModel folder in the Silverlight project and added a EarthquakeViewModel class that derives from ViewModelBase. Here is the code: using System; using System.Collections.ObjectModel; using System.ComponentModel.Composition; using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting; using Microsoft.Maps.MapControl; using GalaSoft.MvvmLight; using EarthquakeLocator.Web.Model; using EarthquakeLocator.Web.Services;   namespace EarthquakeLocator.ViewModel {     /// <summary>     /// Provides data for views displaying earthquake information.     /// </summary>     public class EarthquakeViewModel : ViewModelBase     {         [Import]         public EarthquakeContext Context;           /// <summary>         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EarthquakeViewModel"/> class.         /// </summary>         public EarthquakeViewModel()         {             var catalog = new AssemblyCatalog(GetType().Assembly);             var container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);             container.ComposeParts(this);             Initialize();         }           /// <summary>         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EarthquakeViewModel"/> class.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="context">The context.</param>         public EarthquakeViewModel(EarthquakeContext context)         {             Context = context;             Initialize();         }           private void Initialize()         {             MapCenter = new Location(20, -170);             ZoomLevel = 2;         }           #region Private Methods           private void OnAutoLoadDataChanged()         {             LoadEarthquakes();         }           private void LoadEarthquakes()         {             var query = Context.GetEarthquakesQuery();             Context.Earthquakes.Clear();               Context.Load(query, (op) =>             {                 if ( !op.HasError )                 {                     foreach ( var item in op.Entities )                     {                         Earthquakes.Add(item);                     }                 }             }, null);         }           #endregion Private Methods           #region Properties           private bool autoLoadData;         /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether to auto load data.         /// </summary>         /// <value><c>true</c> if auto loading data; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</value>         public bool AutoLoadData         {             get { return autoLoadData; }             set             {                 if ( autoLoadData != value )                 {                     autoLoadData = value;                     RaisePropertyChanged("AutoLoadData");                     OnAutoLoadDataChanged();                 }             }         }           private ObservableCollection<Earthquake> earthquakes;         /// <summary>         /// Gets the collection of earthquakes to display.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The collection of earthquakes.</value>         public ObservableCollection<Earthquake> Earthquakes         {             get             {                 if ( earthquakes == null )                 {                     earthquakes = new ObservableCollection<Earthquake>();                 }                   return earthquakes;             }         }           private Location mapCenter;         /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets the map center.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The map center.</value>         public Location MapCenter         {             get { return mapCenter; }             set             {                 if ( mapCenter != value )                 {                     mapCenter = value;                     RaisePropertyChanged("MapCenter");                 }             }         }           private double zoomLevel;         /// <summary>         /// Gets or sets the zoom level.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The zoom level.</value>         public double ZoomLevel         {             get { return zoomLevel; }             set             {                 if ( zoomLevel != value )                 {                     zoomLevel = value;                     RaisePropertyChanged("ZoomLevel");                 }             }         }           #endregion Properties     } }   The EarthquakeViewModel class contains all of the properties that will be bound to by the various controls in our views. Be sure to read through the LoadEarthquakes() method, which handles calling the GetEarthquakes() method in our EarthquakeService via the EarthquakeContext proxy, and also transfers the loaded entities into the view model’s Earthquakes collection. Another thing to notice is what’s going on in the default constructor. I chose to use the Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF) for my composition needs, but you can use any dependency injection library or none at all. To allow the EarthquakeContext class to be discoverable by MEF, I added the following partial class so that I could supply the appropriate [Export] attribute: using System; using System.ComponentModel.Composition;   namespace EarthquakeLocator.Web.Services {     /// <summary>     /// The client side proxy for the EarthquakeService class.     /// </summary>     [Export]     public partial class EarthquakeContext     {     } }   One last piece I wanted to point out before moving on to the user interface, I added a client side partial class for the Earthquake entity that contains helper properties that we will bind to later: using System;   namespace EarthquakeLocator.Web.Model {     /// <summary>     /// Represents an earthquake occurrence and related information.     /// </summary>     public partial class Earthquake     {         /// <summary>         /// Gets the location based on the current Latitude/Longitude.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The location.</value>         public string Location         {             get { return String.Format("{0},{1}", Latitude, Longitude); }         }           /// <summary>         /// Gets the size based on the Magnitude.         /// </summary>         /// <value>The size.</value>         public double Size         {             get { return (Magnitude * 3); }         }     } }   View Now the fun part! Usually, I would create a Views folder to place all of my View controls in, but I took the easy way out and added the following XAML code to the default MainPage.xaml file. Be sure to add the bing prefix associating the Microsoft.Maps.MapControl namespace after adding the assembly reference to your project. The MVVM Light Toolkit project templates come with a ViewModelLocator class that you can use via a static resource, but I am instantiating the EarthquakeViewModel directly in my user control. I am setting the AutoLoadData property to true as a way to trigger the LoadEarthquakes() method call. The MapItemsControl found within the <bing:Map> control binds its ItemsSource property to the Earthquakes collection of the view model, and since it is an ObservableCollection<T>, we get the automatic two way data binding via the INotifyCollectionChanged interface. <UserControl x:Class="EarthquakeLocator.MainPage"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     xmlns:bing="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Maps.MapControl;assembly=Microsoft.Maps.MapControl"     xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:EarthquakeLocator.ViewModel"     mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="640" d:DesignHeight="480" >     <UserControl.Resources>         <DataTemplate x:Key="EarthquakeTemplate">             <Ellipse Fill="Red" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="1"                      Width="{Binding Size}" Height="{Binding Size}"                      bing:MapLayer.Position="{Binding Location}"                      bing:MapLayer.PositionOrigin="Center">                 <ToolTipService.ToolTip>                     <StackPanel>                         <TextBlock Text="{Binding Title}" FontSize="14" FontWeight="Bold" />                         <TextBlock Text="{Binding UtcTime}" />                         <TextBlock Text="{Binding LocalTime}" />                         <TextBlock Text="{Binding DepthDesc}" />                     </StackPanel>                 </ToolTipService.ToolTip>             </Ellipse>         </DataTemplate>     </UserControl.Resources>       <UserControl.DataContext>         <vm:EarthquakeViewModel AutoLoadData="True" />     </UserControl.DataContext>       <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot">           <bing:Map x:Name="map" CredentialsProvider="--Your-Bing-Maps-Key--"                   Center="{Binding MapCenter, Mode=TwoWay}"                   ZoomLevel="{Binding ZoomLevel, Mode=TwoWay}">             <bing:MapItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Earthquakes}"                                   ItemTemplate="{StaticResource EarthquakeTemplate}" />         </bing:Map>       </Grid> </UserControl>   The EarthquakeTemplate defines the Ellipse that will represent each earthquake, the Width and Height that are determined by the Magnitude, the Position on the map, and also the tooltip that will appear when we mouse over each data point. Running the application will give us the following result (shown with a tooltip example): That concludes this portion of our show but I plan on implementing additional functionality in later blog posts. Be sure to come back soon to see the next installments in this series. Enjoy!   Additional Resources USGS Earthquake Data Feeds Brad Abrams shows how RIA Services and MVVM can work together

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