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  • how to check in a bash script where the shell is run from

    - by nass
    I am fuzzy about how to set a command in a script to be run only when the shell is running within an X session. basically, in ~/.bashrc I set my keyboard maps as setxkbmap -layout 'us,gr' -variant 'altgr-intl,extended' -option grp:alt_shift_toggle If I am connecting through putty , or otherwise, and i just open a command prompt window, I DONT want this command to run. If on the other hand, i have an X session running (locally or remotely) I want this command to run. how can I do this checking in a bash script? Is there a bash environment variable I can be looking at? some other way? Thank you for your help

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  • Collapsing Bookmarks

    - by Tim Dexter
    I said I would tackle documenting some of the new features in the 10.1.3.4.1 roll up patch I mentioned last week. With the patch you can now set the default state of bookmarks (if you create them) in your PDF outputs. If your users prefer to see them all collapsed to the base level or may be collapsed to the second level to ease navigation; whatever they need. Its another opportunity for you to look like a star! You of course need to start with a table of contents; then add the convert|copy to bookmarks command. You can then add the new collapse command to set the appropriate level in the bookmarks. <?copy-to-bookmark:?> <?collapse-bookmark:show;2?> <<< Table of Contents >>> <?end convert-to-bookmark?> The command allows you to expand or collapse the bookmarks as you need. Of course you will know how many levels you will have in the final output document. The command takes the form: <?collapse-bookmark:show|hide;level int?> Some examples <?collapse-bookmark:hide;1?> <?collapse-bookmark:hide;2?> <?collapse-bookmark:hide;3?> Sample template and data here. Dont forget you need that 10.1.3.4.1 roll up!

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  • Finding text in Ubuntu (gnome) terminal output

    - by Rickson
    Imagine this scenario: You run a command at gnome terminal. This command has made a bunch of outputs to the terminal. After some time, you realize you need the value of a variable (let's say variable_needed) that was printed by the command somewhere in the terminal. How to find it? KDE terminal used to have a shortcut ctrl+shift+f which searched the terminal output. It seems that gnome-terminal doesn't have it (at least at Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS). Is there any way of adding it? Is there any other good terminal I could use that has it? Notice that the output has already been written so I don't want (cannot) run the command again combined with grep, |, , vim, emacs, etc.

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  • Thumbnail generation with imagemagick doesn't render the correct colors

    - by Bastien
    Generating thumbnails of PDFs with imagemagick sometimes renders incorrect colors. We're using an old version of imagemagick (6.5.7-8, that's the version installed on the heroku servers). Here is the command we're currently using: convert -size "725x1200>" -colorspace RGB -flatten -density 300 -quality 100 input.pdf output.jpg I've tried using different colorspaces like sRGB,YIQ,.. but none of them are rendering the color correctly. Using imagemagick-6.7.7-6 locally works so I've tried to bundle the 'convert' command within my application /bin directory, the command works but the result is still wrong, so it seems that the problem comes either from another imagemagick command used by 'convert' or from another library. Here's an example of the outputs: Correct output: http://i.stack.imgur.com/gf9eG.jpg Wrong output: http://i.stack.imgur.com/imUeD.jpg Strangely, with some pages of the same pdf the output is always correct. Any idea which library or command could be the issue, or if there is a proper set of options to pass to imagemagick to always get it right? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • I am trying to set up a ubuntu sever 12.04 on my machine

    - by Jseb
    I am trying to set up a server on my home network which will eventually host rails. I am not great in linux server and i try to follow the prompt. I did succesfully get to a black screen which then prompts me to a username then password to then do anything ( assuming). However here what i try to do I kinda fellow his tutorial http://www.ubuntugeek.com/step-by-step-ubuntu-11-04-natty-lamp-server-setup.html but however the command where not 100% like him not in same order but same idea. Then i want to install ubuntu server with gui here the command i try with sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop Which however give me the following error Err http... inRelease w Failed to fetch ht... So been ignored if i try the desktop one i get E: unable to locate package ubuntu E: unable to locate package desktop So i am assuming i am not connected to the internet, so i try the following command sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces here the output it gives me and i know my gateway on my laptop is 192.168.1.1 address: 192.168.1.148 netmask: 255.255.255.0 network: 192.168.1.0 broadcasts: 192.168.1.255 gateway: 192.168.1.1 Btw i do not know the command to get out of vi and saving it. Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-updates InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backport/InRelease

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  • Mount CIFS Credentials File has Special Character

    - by David George
    I'm having trouble mounting a share on my XenServer (5.6 FP1). From the command line I try: mount.cifs //server/share /mnt/share -o credentials=credfile The contents of credfile is: username=Administrator password=What@zR\!p3s When I run the above mount command I get "Access Denied". However if I run the following command it works: mount.cifs //server/share /mnt/share -o username=Administrator,password=What@zR\!p3s Please note the "\" is to escape the bang and I've tried this with and without it in the credentials file. Any suggestions?

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  • How to know currently open ports on the Windows Firewall?

    - by QIU Quan
    On Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, I can know currently open ports on the Windows Firewall using the following command: netsh firewall show state However, on Windows 7 and Hyper-V Server 2008 R2, when I give that command, it says: No ports are currently open on all network interfaces. IMPORTANT: Command executed successfully. However, "netsh firewall" is deprecated; use "netsh advfirewall firewall" instead. Apparently there are ports open because services such as NetBIOS NS, Remote Desktop, and Hyper-V remote administration are functioning. I tried a few 'netsh advfirewall' show commands, but didn't get a way to find out which ports are permit by Windows Firewall. Knowing the currently open ports, I can be sure that I'm permitting necessary and sufficient traffic to pass in, no more, no less. Going through the whole set of advanced firewall rules is so tedious and error-prone. Is there a command on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 to do this efficiently?

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  • apache sendmail: trying to change user "from" address from apache to domain account

    - by Wes
    I apologize if I am asking a question already answered, but my problem isn't really that I haven't found an answer. I have, in fact, found a half-dozen different "solutions" to my problem, tried them all, in various combinations, and have been consistently unsuccessful. The goal All I want to do is change the envelope "from" address for all email sent from [email protected] to [email protected], always. What I've already done I am running Apache, PHP, and sendmail on CentOS 5.5, [email protected]. We have an SMTP server at 192.168.0.4. The domain's email accounts are all at @domain.org. I have successfully set up "smart host" using this line in the sendmail.mc file: define(`SMART_HOST', `192.168.0.4')dnl Then I set up masquerading, and was hopeful this would solve it. I have this in the .mc file: FEATURE(`masquerade_entire_domain')dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`domain.org')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`domain.org.')dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain.')dnl This rewrites "to" addresses, but not "from" addresses. Testing from the command line: sendmail -v [email protected] Always is shown from the local user (in this case root, or my local user account). I had read that "sendmail" command sometimes bypasses masquerading. Nevertheless, using the "mail" command has the same result. After that, I have explored several "solutions", including: mailertable virtusertable FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl FEATURE(`genericstable')dnl /etc/mail/access file /etc/mail/local-host-names file /etc/mail/trusted-users file All to no affect. The last thing I've tried So, I decided to go in a different direction, and try to set the envelope "from" address via PHP, using either the configuration in /etc/php.ini, or adding the -f parameter to the mail() function or to sendmail command. If I run this command: sendmail -v -f [email protected] [email protected] I get this error in /var/log/maillog: Mar 30 08:56:16 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], size=5, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, relay=user@localhost Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: [email protected], [email protected] (500/502), delay=00:00:05, xdelay=00:00:03, mailer=relay, pri=30005, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=5.1.1, stat=User unknown Mar 30 08:56:19 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8w024022: p2UCuE8x024022: DSN: User unknown Mar 30 08:56:23 localhost sendmail[24022]: p2UCuE8x024022: [email protected], delay=00:00:04, xdelay=00:00:04, mailer=relay, pri=31029, relay=[192.168.0.4] [192.168.0.4], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (Ok: queued as B5E2E40E0A2) Which is basically a "User unknown" 550 error. Help Please help. What do I need to change? Should I just start over in the sendmail.mc file? It has a ton of config options stuffed in it, over days of trying things. Why is changing the envelope "from" address via the command line generating a "User unknown" error?

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  • Oracle Solaris Zones Physical to virtual (P2V)

    - by user939057
    IntroductionThis document describes the process of creating and installing a Solaris 10 image build from physical system and migrate it into a virtualized operating system environment using the Oracle Solaris 10 Zones Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) capability.Using an example and various scenarios, this paper describes how to take advantage of theOracle Solaris 10 Zones Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) capability with other Oracle Solaris features to optimize performance using the Solaris 10 resource management advanced storage management using Solaris ZFS plus improving operating system visibility with Solaris DTrace. The most common use for this tool is when performing consolidation of existing systems onto virtualization enabled platforms, in addition to that we can use the Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) capability  for other tasks for example backup your physical system and move them into virtualized operating system environment hosted on the Disaster Recovery (DR) site another option can be building an Oracle Solaris 10 image repository with various configuration and a different software packages in order to reduce provisioning time.Oracle Solaris ZonesOracle Solaris Zones is a virtualization and partitioning technology supported on Oracle Sun servers powered by SPARC and Intel processors.This technology provides an isolated and secure environment for running applications. A zone is a virtualized operating system environment created within a single instance of the Solaris 10 Operating System.Each virtual system is called a zone and runs a unique and distinct copy of the Solaris 10 operating system.Oracle Solaris Zones Physical-to-Virtual (P2V)A new feature for Solaris 10 9/10.This feature provides the ability to build a Solaris 10 images from physical system and migrate it into a virtualized operating system environmentThere are three main steps using this tool1. Image creation on the source system, this image includes the operating system and optionally the software in which we want to include within the image. 2. Preparing the target system by configuring a new zone that will host the new image.3. Image installation on the target system using the image we created on step 1. The host, where the image is built, is referred to as the source system and the host, where theimage is installed, is referred to as the target system. Benefits of Oracle Solaris Zones Physical-to-Virtual (P2V)Here are some benefits of this new feature:  Simple- easy build process using Oracle Solaris 10 built-in commands.  Robust- based on Oracle Solaris Zones a robust and well known virtualization technology.  Flexible- support migration between V series servers into T or -M-series systems.For the latest server information, refer to the Sun Servers web page. PrerequisitesThe target Oracle Solaris system should be running the latest version of the patching patch cluster. and the minimum Solaris version on the target system should be Solaris 10 9/10.Refer to the latest Administration Guide for Oracle Solaris for a complete procedure on how todownload and install Oracle Solaris. NOTE: If the source system that used to build the image is an older version then the targetsystem, then during the process, the operating system will be upgraded to Solaris 10 9/10(update on attach).Creating the Image Used to distribute the software.We will create an image on the source machine. We can create the image on the local file system and then transfer it to the target machine, or build it into a NFS shared storage andmount the NFS file system from the target machine.Optional  before creating the image we need to complete the software installation that we want to include with the Solaris 10 image.An image is created by using the flarcreate command:Source # flarcreate -S -n s10-system -L cpio /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flarThe command does the following:  -S specifies that we skip the disk space check and do not write archive size data to the archive (faster).  -n specifies the image name.  -L specifies the archive format (i.e cpio). Optionally, we can add descriptions to the archive identification section, which can help to identify the archive later.Source # flarcreate -S -n s10-system -e "Oracle Solaris with Oracle DB10.2.0.4" -a "oracle" -L cpio /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flarYou can see example of the archive identification section in Appendix A: archive identification section.We can compress the flar image using the gzip command or adding the -c option to the flarcreate commandSource # gzip /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flarAn md5 checksum can be created for the image in order to ensure no data tamperingSource # digest -v -a md5 /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flar Moving the image into the target system.If we created the image on the local file system, we need to transfer the flar archive from the source machine to the target machine.Source # scp /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flar target:/var/tmpConfiguring the Zone on the target systemAfter copying the software to the target machine, we need to configure a new zone in order to host the new image on that zone.To install the new zone on the target machine, first we need to configure the zone (for the full zone creation options see the following link: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18752_01/html/817-1592/index.html  )ZFS integrationA flash archive can be created on a system that is running a UFS or a ZFS root file system.NOTE: If you create a Solaris Flash archive of a Solaris 10 system that has a ZFS root, then bydefault, the flar will actually be a ZFS send stream, which can be used to recreate the root pool.This image cannot be used to install a zone. You must create the flar with an explicit cpio or paxarchive when the system has a ZFS root.Use the flarcreate command with the -L archiver option, specifying cpio or pax as themethod to archive the files. (For example, see Step 1 in the previous section).Optionally, on the target system you can create the zone root folder on a ZFS file system inorder to benefit from the ZFS features (clones, snapshots, etc...).Target # zpool create zones c2t2d0 Create the zone root folder:Target # chmod 700 /zones Target # zonecfg -z solaris10-up9-zonesolaris10-up9-zone: No such zone configuredUse 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> createzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> set zonepath=/zoneszonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> set autoboot=truezonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> add netzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone:net> set address=192.168.0.1zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone:net> set physical=nxge0zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone:net> endzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> verifyzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> commitzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> exit Installing the Zone on the target system using the imageInstall the configured zone solaris10-up9-zone by using the zoneadm command with the install -a option and the path to the archive.The following example shows how to create an Image and sys-unconfig the zone.Target # zoneadm -z solaris10-up9-zone install -u -a/var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flarLog File: /var/tmp/solaris10-up9-zone.install_log.AJaGveInstalling: This may take several minutes...The following example shows how we can preserve system identity.Target # zoneadm -z solaris10-up9-zone install -p -a /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flar Resource management Some applications are sensitive to the number of CPUs on the target Zone. You need tomatch the number of CPUs on the Zone using the zonecfg command:zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone>add dedicated-cpuzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> set ncpus=16DTrace integrationSome applications might need to be analyzing using DTrace on the target zone, you canadd DTrace support on the zone using the zonecfg command:zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone>setlimitpriv="default,dtrace_proc,dtrace_user" Exclusive IP stack An Oracle Solaris Container running in Oracle Solaris 10 can have a shared IP stack with the global zone, or it can have an exclusive IP stack (which was released in Oracle Solaris 10 8/07). An exclusive IP stack provides a complete, tunable, manageable and independent networking stack to each zone. A zone with an exclusive IP stack can configure Scalable TCP (STCP), IP routing, IP multipathing, or IPsec. For an example of how to configure an Oracle Solaris zone with an exclusive IP stack, see the following example zonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone set ip-type=exclusivezonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> add netzonecfg:solaris10-up9-zone> set physical=nxge0 When the installation completes, use the zoneadm list -i -v options to list the installedzones and verify the status.Target # zoneadm list -i -vSee that the new Zone status is installedID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP0 global running / native shared- solaris10-up9-zone installed /zones native sharedNow boot the ZoneTarget # zoneadm -z solaris10-up9-zone bootWe need to login into the Zone order to complete the zone set up or insert a sysidcfg file beforebooting the zone for the first time see example for sysidcfg file in Appendix B: sysidcfg filesectionTarget # zlogin -C solaris10-up9-zoneTroubleshootingIf an installation fails, review the log file. On success, the log file is in /var/log inside the zone. Onfailure, the log file is in /var/tmp in the global zone.If a zone installation is interrupted or fails, the zone is left in the incomplete state. Use uninstall -F to reset the zone to the configured state.Target # zoneadm -z solaris10-up9-zone uninstall -FTarget # zonecfg -z solaris10-up9-zone delete -FConclusionOracle Solaris Zones P2V tool provides the flexibility to build pre-configuredimages with different software configuration for faster deployment and server consolidation.In this document, I demonstrated how to build and install images and to integrate the images with other Oracle Solaris features like ZFS and DTrace.Appendix A: archive identification sectionWe can use the head -n 20 /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flar command in order to access theidentification section that contains the detailed description.Target # head -n 20 /var/tmp/solaris_10_up9.flarFlAsH-aRcHiVe-2.0section_begin=identificationarchive_id=e4469ee97c3f30699d608b20a36011befiles_archived_method=cpiocreation_date=20100901160827creation_master=mdet5140-1content_name=s10-systemcreation_node=mdet5140-1creation_hardware_class=sun4vcreation_platform=SUNW,T5140creation_processor=sparccreation_release=5.10creation_os_name=SunOScreation_os_version=Generic_142909-16files_compressed_method=nonecontent_architectures=sun4vtype=FULLsection_end=identificationsection_begin=predeploymentbegin 755 predeployment.cpio.ZAppendix B: sysidcfg file sectionTarget # cat sysidcfgsystem_locale=Ctimezone=US/Pacificterminal=xtermssecurity_policy=NONEroot_password=HsABA7Dt/0sXXtimeserver=localhostname_service=NONEnetwork_interface=primary {hostname= solaris10-up9-zonenetmask=255.255.255.0protocol_ipv6=nodefault_route=192.168.0.1}name_service=NONEnfs4_domain=dynamicWe need to copy this file before booting the zoneTarget # cp sysidcfg /zones/solaris10-up9-zone/root/etc/

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  • The great Vanishing Act of INetMgr.exe on my Windows 7 x64 system

    - by marc_s
    I'm facing an odd issue with the IIS Manager on Windows 7 (x64). At home, I have Win7 Professional, and when I check my IIS manager icon in the start menu, I see it links to %windir%\system32\inetsrv\InetMgr.exe When I launch this from the command line, it works like a charm. At work, however, I have Windows 7 Enterprise (x64), and when I check my link in the start menu, the entry is exactly the same. If I click on it - it works like a charm. Now if I'd like to launch it from the command line (cmd.exe or TakeCommand), however - the file just isn't there - a DIR %windir%\system32\inetsrv\*.exe shows a number of files, including a "inetmgr6.exe" - but no "inetmgr.exe" - and of course, I can't launch it either :-( Strangely enough, when I look at the directory %windir%\system32\INetSrv in Windows Explorer or Windows Powershell, I SEE the INetMgr.exe file and I can launch it - no problem. What the **** is going on here? How can I find the INetMgr.exe from my classic command line and launch it from there?? UPDATE: ok, some updates. On my work laptop, the INetMgr.exe file appears to really be located in a directory called c:\windows\syswow64\inetsrv (I'm recalling from memory, so don't quote me on the directory name - something like that). I can see this if I search for it in e.g. Powershell or Windows 7 Explorer. However, from a "classic" command line like cmd.exe, it appears to be in c:\windows\system32\inetsrv ..... hmmm.... trouble is - even though I now know where the file really is, I cannot access that directory from my classic command line - not even if I'm running cmd.exe as admin with elevated privileges....... so I know where the file is, but that still doesn't solve my problem :-(

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  • Windows: redirect stdout and stderror to nothing

    - by Ramblingwood
    I have a command I am running produces a ton of output, I want to silence the output without writing to a file. I have used the following to send all output to a file, but again I don't want any file output: command > out.txt 2>&1 I have used command > /bin/null on my CentOS box before, but I can't find a similar thing for windows.

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  • Backup script that excludes large files using Duplicity and Amazon S3

    - by Jason
    I'm trying to write an backup script that will exclude files over a certain size. My script gives the proper command, but when run within the script it outputs an an error. However if the same command is run manually everything works...??? Here is the script based on one easy found with google #!/bin/bash # Export some ENV variables so you don't have to type anything export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="accesskey" export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="secretaccesskey" export PASSPHRASE="password" SOURCE=/home/ DEST=s3+http://s3bucket GPG_KEY="7743E14E" # exclude files over 100MB exclude () { find /home/jason -size +100M \ | while read FILE; do echo -n " --exclude " echo -n \'**${FILE##/*/}\' | sed 's/\ /\\ /g' #Replace whitespace with "\ " done } echo "Using Command" echo "duplicity --encrypt-key=$GPG_KEY --sign-key=$GPG_KEY `exclude` $SOURCE $DEST" duplicity --encrypt-key=$GPG_KEY --sign-key=$GPG_KEY `exclude` $SOURCE $DEST # Reset the ENV variables. export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID= export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY= export PASSPHRASE= If run I recieve the error; Command line error: Expected 2 args, got 6 Enter 'duplicity --help' for help screen. Any help your could offer would be greatly appreciated.

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  • trouble shooting ntfs-loop-xen combination in wubi based grub of Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    Here is a situation I installed Ubuntu on a laptop using Wubi in Windows 7 drive.*The laptop is not mine.*I have installed and things worked by now perfectly without any problem.We are trying to set up a Xen (virtualization)environment in this laptop. After setting up every thing cleanly.When I needed to boot with following grub entries menuentry "Xen Linux 2.6.32.27" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,2)' loopback loop0 /ubuntu/disks/root.disk set root=(loop0) multiboot /boot/xen.gz module /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.27 dummy=dummy root=/dev/sda2 loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro console=tty0 module /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.27 } I got error file not found error unknown command 'multiboot' error unknown command 'module' error unknown command 'module' Now to dig this issue further I reboot the machine and go to grub command prompt and manually pass on each of the above parameters which you see in the grub entry when I reached grub> insmod multiboot then I got following message on screen error:file not found. It looks like this wubi+ grub setup has just enough modules to use loopback file on ntfs, but the ACTUAL /boot directory is on the loopback NOT ntfs (hd0,2). Therefore any attempt to read any files from (hd0,2) simply wont work, cause there's no file there.I need to use insmod multiboot and command multiboot and module which are available in grub on a normal install without Wubi.But since the laptop is not mine so I am not allowed to partition it and have to make it work in this situation only. While a normal Kernel is still booting? How can I get module multiboot in this Wubi based install.

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  • Correct MySQL username/password, but getting Access Denied error when run from script

    - by Nick
    I'm currently trying to run the following command from within a shell script. /usr/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword -h localhost database It works perfectly fine when executed manually, and not from within a script. When I try to execute a script that contains that command, I get the following error: ERROR 1045 (28000) at line 3: Access denied for user 'username'@'localhost' (using password: YES) I literally copied and pasted the working command into the script. Why the error? As a sidenote: the ultimate intent is to run the script with cron. EDIT: Here is a stripped down version of my script that I'm trying to run. You can ignore most of it up until the point where it connects to MySQL around line 19. #!/bin/sh #Run download script to download product data cd /home/dir/Scripts/Linux /bin/sh script1.sh #Run import script to import product data to MySQL cd /home/dir/Mysql /bin/sh script2.sh #Download inventory stats spreadsheet and rename it cd /home/dir /usr/bin/wget http://www.url.com/file1.txt mv file1.txt sheet1.csv #Remove existing export spreadsheet rm /tmp/sheet2.csv #Run MySQL queries in "here document" format /usr/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword -h localhost database << EOF --Drop old inventory stats table truncate table table_name1; --Load new inventory stats into table Load data local infile '/home/dir/sheet1.csv' into table table_name1 fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n'; --MySQL queries to combine product data and inventory stats here --Export combined data in spreadsheet format group by p.value into outfile '/tmp/sheet2.csv' fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n'; EOF EDIT 2: After some more testing, the issue is with the << EOF that is at the end of the command. This is there for the "here document". When removed, the command works fine. The problem is that I need << EOF there so that the MySQL queries will run.

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  • Oracle Linux Tips and Tricks: Using SSH

    - by Robert Chase
    Out of all of the utilities available to systems administrators ssh is probably the most useful of them all. Not only does it allow you to log into systems securely, but it can also be used to copy files, tunnel IP traffic and run remote commands on distant servers. It’s truly the Swiss army knife of systems administration. Secure Shell, also known as ssh, was developed in 1995 by Tau Ylonen after the University of Technology in Finland suffered a password sniffing attack. Back then it was common to use tools like rcp, rsh, ftp and telnet to connect to systems and move files across the network. The main problem with these tools is they provide no security and transmitted data in plain text including sensitive login credentials. SSH provides this security by encrypting all traffic transmitted over the wire to protect from password sniffing attacks. One of the more common use cases involving SSH is found when using scp. Secure Copy (scp) transmits data between hosts using SSH and allows you to easily copy all types of files. The syntax for the scp command is: scp /pathlocal/filenamelocal remoteuser@remotehost:/pathremote/filenameremote In the following simple example, I move a file named myfile from the system test1 to the system test2. I am prompted to provide valid user credentials for the remote host before the transfer will proceed.  If I were only using ftp, this information would be unencrypted as it went across the wire.  However, because scp uses SSH, my user credentials and the file and its contents are confidential and remain secure throughout the transfer.  [user1@test1 ~]# scp /home/user1/myfile user1@test2:/home/user1user1@test2's password: myfile                                    100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00 You can also use ssh to send network traffic and utilize the encryption built into ssh to protect traffic over the wire. This is known as an ssh tunnel. In order to utilize this feature, the server that you intend to connect to (the remote system) must have TCP forwarding enabled within the sshd configuraton. To enable TCP forwarding on the remote system, make sure AllowTCPForwarding is set to yes and enabled in the /etc/ssh/sshd_conf file: AllowTcpForwarding yes Once you have this configured, you can connect to the server and setup a local port which you can direct traffic to that will go over the secure tunnel. The following command will setup a tunnel on port 8989 on your local system. You can then redirect a web browser to use this local port, allowing the traffic to go through the encrypted tunnel to the remote system. It is important to select a local port that is not being used by a service and is not restricted by firewall rules.  In the following example the -D specifies a local dynamic application level port forwarding and the -N specifies not to execute a remote command.   ssh –D 8989 [email protected] -N You can also forward specific ports on both the local and remote host. The following example will setup a port forward on port 8080 and forward it to port 80 on the remote machine. ssh -L 8080:farwebserver.com:80 [email protected] You can even run remote commands via ssh which is quite useful for scripting or remote system administration tasks. The following example shows how to  log in remotely and execute the command ls –la in the home directory of the machine. Because ssh encrypts the traffic, the login credentials and output of the command are completely protected while they travel over the wire. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh rchase@test2 'ls -la'rchase@test2's password: total 24drwx------  2 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 15:17 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc You can execute any command contained in the quotations marks as long as you have permission with the user account that you are using to log in. This can be very powerful and useful for collecting information for reports, remote controlling systems and performing systems administration tasks using shell scripts. To make your shell scripts even more useful and to automate logins you can use ssh keys for running commands remotely and securely without the need to enter a password. You can accomplish this with key based authentication. The first step in setting up key based authentication is to generate a public key for the system that you wish to log in from. In the following example you are generating a ssh key on a test system. In case you are wondering, this key was generated on a test VM that was destroyed after this article. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7a:8e:86:ef:59:70:ef:43:b7:ee:33:03:6e:6f:69:e8 rchase@test1The key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|                 ||  . .            ||   o .           ||    . o o        ||   o o oS+       ||  +   o.= =      ||   o ..o.+ =     ||    . .+. =      ||     ...Eo       |+-----------------+ Now that you have the key generated on the local system you should to copy it to the target server into a temporary location. The user’s home directory is fine for this. [rchase@test1 .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub rchase@test2:/home/rchaserchase@test2's password: id_rsa.pub                  Now that the file has been copied to the server, you need to append it to the authorized_keys file. This should be appended to the end of the file in the event that there are other authorized keys on the system. [rchase@test2 ~]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys Once the process is complete you are ready to login. Since you are using key based authentication you are not prompted for a password when logging into the system.   [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2Last login: Fri Sep  6 17:42:02 2013 from test1 This makes it much easier to run remote commands. Here’s an example of the remote command from earlier. With no password it’s almost as if the command ran locally. [rchase@test1 ~]$ ssh test2 'ls -la'total 32drwx------  3 rchase rchase 4096 Sep  6 17:40 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root   root   4096 Sep  6 15:16 ..-rw-------  1 rchase rchase   12 Sep  6 15:17 .bash_history-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase   18 Dec 20  2012 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  176 Dec 20  2012 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--  1 rchase rchase  124 Dec 20  2012 .bashrc As a security consideration it's important to note the permissions of .ssh and the authorized_keys file.  .ssh should be 700 and authorized_keys should be set to 600.  This prevents unauthorized access to ssh keys from other users on the system.   An even easier way to move keys back and forth is to use ssh-copy-id. Instead of copying the file and appending it manually to the authorized_keys file, ssh-copy-id does both steps at once for you.  Here’s an example of moving the same key using ssh-copy-id.The –i in the example is so that we can specify the path to the id file, which in this case is /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [rchase@test1]$ ssh-copy-id -i /home/rchase/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rchase@test2 One of the last tips that I will cover is the ssh config file. By using the ssh config file you can setup host aliases to make logins to hosts with odd ports or long hostnames much easier and simpler to remember. Here’s an example entry in our .ssh/config file. Host dev1 Hostname somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com Port 28372 User somereallylongusername12345678 Let’s compare the login process between the two. Which would you want to type and remember? ssh somereallylongusername12345678@ somereallylonghostname.somereallylongdomain.com –p 28372 ssh dev1 I hope you find these tips useful.  There are a number of tools used by system administrators to streamline processes and simplify workflows and whether you are new to Linux or a longtime user, I'm sure you will agree that SSH offers useful features that can be used every day.  Send me your comments and let us know the ways you  use SSH with Linux.  If you have other tools you would like to see covered in a similar post, send in your suggestions.

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  • Determine if the "yes" is necessary when doing an SCP

    - by glowcoder
    I'm writing a Groovy script to do an SCP. Note that I haven't ran it yet, because the rest of it isn't finished. Now, if you're doing an scp for the first time, have to authenticate the fingerprint. Future times, you don't. My current solution is, because I get 3 tries for the password, and I really only need 1 (it's not like the script will mistype the password... if it's wrong, it's wrong!) is to pipe in "yes" as the first password attempt. This way, it will accept the fingerprint if necessary, and use the correct password as the first attempt. If it didn't need it, it puts yes as the first attempt and the correct as the second. However, I feel this is not a very robust solution, and I know if I were a customer I would not like seeing "incorrect password" in my output. Especially if it fails for another reason, it would be an incredibly annoying misnomer. What follows is the appropriate section of the script in question. I am open to any tactics that involve using scp (or accomplishing the file transfer) in a different way. I just want to get the job done. I'm even open to shell scripting, although I'm not the best at it. def command = [] command.add('scp') command.add(srcusername + '@' + srcrepo + ':' + srcpath) command.add(tarusername + '@' + tarrepo + ':' + tarpath) def process = command.execute() process.consumeOutput(out) process << "yes" << LS << tarpassword << LS process << "yes" << LS << srcpassword << LS process.waitfor() Thanks so much, glowcoder

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  • Where does the information shown by OS X Terminal 'Display all commands' feature come from?

    - by Sergio Acosta
    I just learned that if you hit and hold ESC while on the Mac Terminal, a prompt appears after a few seconds offering to show every command available on your system, including aliases, built-ins, and executables on your PATH. Soruce: http://www.mactricksandtips.com/2008/05/list-all-possible-terminal-commands.html However, the output is show through a more filter, and I cannot grep it or pipe it to another command. Does anyone know how this magic output is generated? Is it just generated on the fly by Terminal? Is there a bash command that can be called explicitly on the command line and get the same result? It is mostly curiosity, but I would love to be able to get the results as text I can post-process and not just browse on screen.

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  • Break free of a fullscreen app on MacOS X

    - by Petruza
    How do you break free of a fullscreen app on MacOS X? There are some, mostly games, that when they become unresponsive won't allow you to switch to another app with Command-Tab, and I know no other way to close that app or get away from it. Command-W or Command-Q won't work either. Is there a shortcut to launch Activity Monitor, or Terminal, to kill the application?

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  • How do I find out which process is eating up my bandwidth?

    - by Bruce Connor
    I think I'm being the victim of a bug here. Sometimes while I'm working (I still don't know why), my network traffic goes up to 200 KB/s and stays that way, even tough I'm not doing anything internet-related. This sometimes happens to me with the CPU usage. When it does, I just run a top command to find out which process is responsible and then kill it. Problem is: I have no way of knowing which process is responsible for my high network usage. Both the resource monitor and the top command only tell me my total network usage, neither of them tells me process specific network info. Is there another command I can use to find out which process is getting out of hand? I've already tried killing all the obvious ones (firefox, update-manager, pidgin, etc) with no luck. So far, restarting the machine is the only way I found of getting rid of the issue. EDIT: (just to be clear) I've found questions here about monitoring total bandwidth usage, but, as I mentioned, that's not what I need. UPDATE: The command iftop gives results that disagree entirely with the information reported by System Monitor. While the latter claims there's high network traffic, the former claims there's barely 1 KB/s. Thanks

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  • .desktop shortcuts aren't working for java applications in LXDE

    - by chaz
    I just installed minecraft on my LXDE desktop/Lubuntu machine and I'm trying to create a .desktop file on the desktop that executes java -jar ~/minecraftlauncher.jar. The command works in bash scripts and the terminal but refuses to work when I click on my .DESKTOP shortcut which is suppose to execute the same command. I've experimented with other jars and they can't seem to start too. Here is my xsession log: ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: launch command: <java -jar ~/Downloads/minecraft_server.jar> ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: sn_id = pcmanfm-1572-administrator-Dimension-3000-java-14_TIME14031891 Unable to access jarfile ~/Downloads/minecraft_server.jar ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: launch command: <java -jar ~/minecraftlauncher.jar> ** (pcmanfm:1572): DEBUG: sn_id = pcmanfm-1572-administrator-Dimension-3000-java-15_TIME14070158 Unable to access jarfile ~/minecraftlauncher.jar UPDATE: Whoops, it seems to work when I give an absolute path. I guess the home path is something else. UPDATE: I guess X doesn't resolve the home specifier. I ran a .desktop file that executed a script that outputs the current directory, and it seems to be correct.

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  • Linux how to force quit the process by root

    - by Mirage
    I have run the command to backup 7 accounts and then i want to quit that command while its running. How can i quit from command line I want that it should quit backing up all accounts not just current account and then i have to press again untill all accounts open

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  • "unresolvable problem" error when upgrading from 12.04 to 14.04

    - by flyingfisch
    So I have solved this issue, but now I have another problem: An unresolvable problem occurred while calculating the upgrade. This can be caused by: * Upgrading to a pre-release version of Ubuntu * Running the current pre-release version of Ubuntu * Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu If none of this applies, then please report this bug using the command 'ubuntu-bug ubuntu-release-upgrader-core' in a terminal. I am not upgrading to a pre-release version of Ubuntu and I am not running a pre-release either. I have unchecked all my 3rd-party packages using Ubuntu Software Manager, EditSoftware Sources... What else might be wrong? UPDATE After doing sudo update-manager -d and sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get dist-upgrade as per JimB's post, and then running sudo do-release-upgrade, here what I get: Err http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en Err http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US Err http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s) Checking package manager Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Building data structures... Done Calculating the changes Calculating the changes Could not calculate the upgrade An unresolvable problem occurred while calculating the upgrade. This can be caused by: * Upgrading to a pre-release version of Ubuntu * Running the current pre-release version of Ubuntu * Unofficial software packages not provided by Ubuntu If none of this applies, then please report this bug using the command 'ubuntu-bug ubuntu-release-upgrader-core' in a terminal. Restoring original system state Aborting Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Building data structures... Done === Command detached from window (Mon Aug 18 23:53:10 2014) === === Command terminated with exit status 1 (Mon Aug 18 23:53:10 2014) ===

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  • How to configure sudoers to always keep LD_LIBRARY_PATH envrionment variable?

    - by Yanick Girouard
    No matter what I try, it seems that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable is not kept after I run a command with sudo. The only way I managed to have it stick, is to prefix my sudo command with LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/the/path whenever I call it from the command-line, but I would like to not have to do this every time. It seems the env_keep option ignores this variable, and so does the exempt_group option. My %group currently has ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL as its access in sudoers. I would like this specific environment variable to be kept for any command I run. How can I do this? My server is running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.7.

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  • How to install Tor (Web Browser) in Ubuntu 12.10?

    - by Zignd
    I would like to install the Tor, but I'm having some problems. I know that someone will say "This question is a exactly duplication of How to install tor?", but it's not, because the another question can not be applied to Ubuntu 12.10 as the deb command is not available anymore. I did a research and even at the Tor's Official Website the available resource can not be applied to Ubuntu 12.10. I tried to use the deb command (as the above question says: deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org <DISTRIBUTION> main) and the Terminal says deb: command not found and when I try to install it says E: Unable to locate package deb. I've also tried to use the ppa: ubun-tor, but it's not compatible with Quantal Quetzal, because it's too old. I've also tried to use sudo apt-get install tor, but browser icon don't shows up after installation and if you try to use the command tor in the Terminal I get the following error message: Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Tor v0.2.3.22-rc (git-4a0c70a817797420) running on Linux. Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Read configuration file "/etc/tor/torrc". Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [notice] Initialized libevent version 2.0.19-stable using method epoll (with changelist). Good. Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050 Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [warn] Could not bind to 127.0.0.1:9050: Address already in use. Is Tor already running? Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [warn] Failed to parse/validate config: Failed to bind one of the listener ports. Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [err] Reading config failed--see warnings above. Thanks in advance.

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