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• On-the-fly lossless image compression

  - by geschema

  I have an embedded application where an image scanner sends out a stream of 16-bit pixels that are later assembled to a grayscale image. As I need to both save this data locally and forward it to a network interface, I'd like to compress the data stream to reduce the required storage space and network bandwidth. Is there a simple algorithm that I can use to losslessly compress the pixel data? I first thought of computing the difference between two consecutive pixels and then encoding this difference with a Huffman code. Unfortunately, the pixels are unsigned 16-bit quantities so the difference can be anywhere in the range -65535 .. +65535 which leads to potentially huge codeword lengths. If a few really long codewords occur in a row, I'll run into buffer overflow problems.

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• Maximum page fetch with maximum bandwith

  - by Ehsan

  Hi I want to create an application like a spider I've implement fetching page as the following code in multi-thread application but there is two problem 1) I want to use my maximum bandwidth to send/receive request, how should I config my request to do so (Like Download Accelerator application and the like) cause I heard the normal application will use 66% of the available bandwidth. 2) I don't know what exactly HttpWebRequest.KeepAlive do, but as its name implies I think i can create a connection to a website and without closing the connection sending another request to that web site using existing connection. does it boost performance or Im wrong ?? public PageFetchResult Fetch() { PageFetchResult fetchResult = new PageFetchResult(); try { HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URLAddress); HttpWebResponse resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse(); Uri requestedURI = new Uri(URLAddress); Uri responseURI = resp.ResponseUri; string resultHTML = ""; byte[] reqHTML = ResponseAsBytes(resp); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(FetchingEncoding)) resultHTML = Encoding.GetEncoding(FetchingEncoding).GetString(reqHTML); else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resp.CharacterSet)) resultHTML = Encoding.GetEncoding(resp.CharacterSet).GetString(reqHTML); req.Abort(); resp.Close(); fetchResult.IsOK = true; fetchResult.ResultHTML = resultHTML; } catch (Exception ex) { fetchResult.IsOK = false; fetchResult.ErrorMessage = ex.Message; } return fetchResult; }

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• Neural Network problems

  - by Betamoo

  I am using an external library for Artificial Neural Networks in my project.. While testing the ANN, It gave me output of all NaN (not a number in C#) The ANN has 8 input , 5 hidden , 5 hidden , 2 output, and all activation layers are of Linear type , and it uses back-propagation, with learning rate 0.65 I used one testcase for training { -2.2, 1.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.1, 5, 3, -5 } ,{ -0.3, 0.2 } for 1000 epoch And I tested it on { 0.2, -0.2, 5.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0, 35, 0.0 } which gave { NaN , NaN} Note: this is one example of many that produces same case... I am trying to discover whether it is a bug in the library, or an illogical configuration.. The reasons I could think of for illogical configuration: All layers should not be linear Can not have descending size layers, i.e 8-5-5-2 is bad.. Only one testcase ? Values must be in range [0,1] or [-1,1] Is any of the above reasons could be the cause of error, or there are some constraints/rules that I do not know in ANN designing..? Note: I am newbie in ANN

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• object won't die (still references to it that I can't find)

  - by user288558

  I'm using parallel-python and start a new job server in a function. after the functions ends it still exists even though I didn't return it out of the function (I used weakref to test this). I guess there's still some references to this object somewhere. My two theories: It starts threads and it logs to root logger. My questions: can I somehow findout in which namespace there is still a reference to this object. I have the weakref reference. Does anyone know how to detach a logger? What other debug suggestions do people have? here is my testcode: def pptester(): js=pp.Server(ppservers=nodes) js.set_ncpus(0) fh=file('tmp.tmp.tmp','w') tmp=[] for i in range(200): tmp.append(js.submit(ppworktest,(),(),('os','subprocess'))) js.print_stats() return weakref.ref(js) thanks in advance Wolfgang

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• Google's Geocoder returns wrong country

  - by 6bytes

  Hi I'm using Google's Geocoder to find lat lng coordinates for a given address. var geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder(); geocoder.geocode( { 'address': address, 'region': 'uk' }, function(results, status) { if(status == google.maps.GeocoderStatus.OK) { lat: results[0].geometry.location.lat(), lng: results[0].geometry.location.lng() }); address variable is taken from an input field. I want to search locations only in UK. I thought that specifying 'region': 'uk' should be enough but it's not. When I type in "Boston" it founds Boston in US and I wanted the one in UK. How to restrict Geocoder to return locations only from one country or maybe from a certain lat lng range? Thanks

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• Why is Java not telling me when I can't use Integer?

  - by Sebi

  For a small project (Problem 10 Project Euler) i tried to sum up all prime numbers below 2 millions. So I used a brute force method and iterated from 0 to 2'000'000 and checked if the number is a prime. If it is I added it to the sum: private int sum = 0; private void calculate() { for (int i = 0; i < 2000000; i++) { if (i.isPrime()) { sum = sum + i; } } sysout(sum) } The result of this calculation is 1179908154, but this is incorrect. So i changed int to BigInteger and now i get the correct sum 142913828922. Obviously the range of int was overflowed. But why can't Java tell my that? (e.g. by an exception)

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• Python Least-Squares Natural Splines

  - by Eldila

  I am trying to find a numerical package which will fit a natural which minimizes weighted least squares. There is a package in scipy which does what I want for unnatural splines. import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy import interpolate import random x = np.arange(0,5,1.0/2) xs = np.arange(0,5,1.0/500) y = np.sin(x+1) for i in range(len(y)): y[i] += .2*random.random() - .1 knots = np.array([1,2,3,4]) tck = interpolate.splrep(x,y,s=1,k=3,t=knots,task=-1) ynew = interpolate.splev(xs,tck,der=0) plt.figure() plt.plot(xs,ynew,x,y,'x')

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• Reading UDP Packets

  - by Thomas Mathiesen

  I am having some trouble dissecting a UDP packet. I am receiving the packets and storing the data and sender-address in variables 'data' and 'addr' with: data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf) This parses the data as a string, that I am now unable to turn into bytes. I know the structure of the datagram packet which is a total of 28 bytes, and that the data I am trying to get out is in bytes 17:28. I have tried doing this: mybytes = data[16:19] print struct.unpack('>I', mybytes) --> struct.error: unpack str size does not match format And this: response = (0, 0, data[16], data[17], 6) bytes = array('B', response[:-1]) print struct.unpack('>I', bytes) --> TypeError: Type not compatible with array type And this: print "\nData byte 17:", str.encode(data[17]) --> UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xff' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) And I am not sure what to try next. I am completely new to sockets and byte-conversions in Python, so any advice would be helpful :) Thanks, Thomas

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• How to persist a very abstract data type between sessions: PHP

  - by Greelmo

  I have an abstract data type that behaves much like stack. It represents a history of "graph objects" made by a particular user. Each "graph object" holds one or more "lines", a date range, keys, and a title. Each "line" holds a sql generator configured for a particular subset of data in my db. I would like for these "histories" to be available to users between their sessions. It will be in the form of a tab that reads something like "most recent graphs". What do you believe to be the best way to persist this type of data between sessions. This application could get rather large, so efficiency is a concern. Thanks in advance.

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• Finisar SQLite Problem with ParameterDirection

  - by Emanuel

  private int GetNextId() { SQLiteConnector conn = new SQLiteConnector(false); conn.OpenConnection(); cmd = new SQLiteCommand("SELECT @id_account = MAX(id_account) FROM account"); SQLiteParameter param = new SQLiteParameter("@id_account", DbType.Int32); param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; cmd.Parameters.Add(param); cmd = conn.ExecuteReadeOutput(cmd); conn.Close(); return int.Parse(cmd.Parameters["id_account"].Value.ToString()) + 1; } ... public SQLiteCommand ExecuteReadeOutput(SQLiteCommand cmd) { conn.Open(); cmd.Connection = conn; reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); reader.Close(); return cmd; } When I call the method GetNextId() occur the following error: Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. at line: param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; Any idea? Thanks.

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• MS CRM - getting the field that caused a form save

  - by CraigF

  I have a MS CRM 4 form where when certain fields are changed, I need those fields to be written to an excel sheet. So, I edited the form field onchange event to call crmform.save() which triggers a plugin to run that writes the field value to a named range (1 cell) of an excel sheet. However, I don't know which field caused the save. Is there a way to get that information? (Not all fields on the form need to go to the excel sheet) If I use this: DynamicEntity target = (DynamicEntity)Context.InputParameters[ParameterName.Target]; I can look at specific fields, but I have no way of knowing which ones changed. Any suggestions?

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• MS Access Print Report using VBA

  - by LanguaFlash

  I have a very VBA intensive report. When I preview it everything is great but when I print it after previewing things go wacky. I have spent many hours narrowing down the possibilities and I have conclude with a certain level of confidence that it is a but in MS Access. Up to this point my method for printing reports was to open the report using docmd.openreport "report". I then use the docmd.printout command so that I can set the page range, collation etc. Is there a way to print a report directly and still be able to set options like page rage, collate etc without doing a preview first? Thanks, Jeff

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• Image 8-connectivity without excessive branching?

  - by shoosh

  I'm writing a low level image processing algorithm which needs to do alot of 8-connectivity checks for pixels. For every pixel I often need to check the pixels above it, below it and on its sides and diagonals. On the edges of the image there are special cases where there are only 5 or 3 neighbors instead of 8 neighbors for a pixels. The naive way to do it is for every access to check if the coordinates are in the right range and if not, return some default value. I'm looking for a way to avoid all these checks since they introduce a large overhead to the algorithm. Are there any tricks to avoid it altogether?

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• Using numpy.apply

  - by andylei

  What's wrong with this snippet of code? import numpy as np from scipy import stats d = np.arange(10.0) cutoffs = [stats.scoreatpercentile(d, pct) for pct in range(0, 100, 20)] f = lambda x: np.sum(x > cutoffs) fv = np.vectorize(f) # why don't these two lines output the same values? [f(x) for x in d] # => [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5] fv(d) # => array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) Any ideas?

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• Is Annotation in Javascript? If not, how to switch between debug/productive modes in declarative way

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: This is but a curious question. I cannot find any useful links from Google so it might be better to ask the gurus here. The point is: is there a way to make "annotation" in javascript source code so that all code snippets for testing purpose can be 'filtered out' when project is deployed from test field into the real environment? I know in Java, C# or some other languages, you can assign an annotation just above the function name, such as : // it is good to remove the annoying warning messages @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public class Tester extends TestingPackage { ... } Basically I've got a lot of testing code that prints out something into FireBug console. I don't wanna manually "comment out" them because the guy that is going to maintain the code might not be aware of all the testing functions, so he/she might just miss one function and the whole thing can be brought down to its knees. One other thing, we might use a minimizer to "shrink" the source code into "human unreadable" code and boost up performance (just like jQuery.min), so trying to match testing section out of the mess is not possible for plain human eyes in the future. Any suggestion is much appreciated.

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• Discrete and Continuous Classifier on Sparse Data

  - by Chris S

  I'm trying to classify an example, which contains discrete and continuous features. Also, the example represents sparse data, so even though the system may have been trained on 100 features, the example may only have 12. What would be the best classifier algorithm to use to accomplish this? I've been looking at Bayes, Maxent, Decision Tree, and KNN, but I'm not sure any fit the bill exactly. The biggest sticking point I've found is that most implementations don't support sparse data sets and both discrete and continuous features. Can anyone recommend an algorithm and implementation (preferably in Python) that fits these criteria? Libraries I've looked at so far include: Orange (Mostly academic. Implementations not terribly efficient or practical.) NLTK (Also academic, although has a good Maxent implementation, but doesn't handle continuous features.) Weka (Still researching this. Seems to support a broad range of algorithms, but has poor documentation, so it's unclear what each implementation supports.)

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• Python string manipulation

  - by paradox

  I'm trying to split a string into a int list for further processing. But somehow I can't remove certain whitespaces in between elements of the list. The string x is supposed to have a length of 1000 instead of 1019. I tried reading the documentation for python and saw the function strip() for stripping whitespaces from strings. However, it only works for trailing and leading whitespaces. How should I go about removing these whitespaces and also how do I convert a str list to a int list? My code is as follows : import array x = """73167176531330624919225119674426574742355349194934 96983520312774506326239578318016984801869478851843 85861560789112949495459501737958331952853208805511 12540698747158523863050715693290963295227443043557 66896648950445244523161731856403098711121722383113 62229893423380308135336276614282806444486645238749 30358907296290491560440772390713810515859307960866 70172427121883998797908792274921901699720888093776 65727333001053367881220235421809751254540594752243 52584907711670556013604839586446706324415722155397 53697817977846174064955149290862569321978468622482 83972241375657056057490261407972968652414535100474 82166370484403199890008895243450658541227588666881 16427171479924442928230863465674813919123162824586 17866458359124566529476545682848912883142607690042 24219022671055626321111109370544217506941658960408 07198403850962455444362981230987879927244284909188 84580156166097919133875499200524063689912560717606 05886116467109405077541002256983155200055935729725 71636269561882670428252483600823257530420752963450""" y=[] for i in range(0,len(x)): #String is now in a string list if x[i]!='': y.append(x[i]) print(y[i]) print(len(x))

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• Excel VBA: NetworkDays Error 2015

  - by Martin

  Hi All, I have the this bit of code in a VBA class which is to workout the number of days between a property of the class (a date) and today’s date. Dim EmailDate As Date EmailDate = Me.Email.DateReceived Debug.Print EmailDate, Date Debug.Print NetworkDays(EmailDate), Date, Range("BankHolidays")) When I run it I get the following output 23/04/2010 19/05/2010 [GetMacroRegId] 'NETWORKDAYS' < [GetMacroRegId] 'NETWORKDAYS' -> '699990072' > Error 2015 I have tested it in a module, using dummy data, and get the correct answer. Can anyone see why this would be giving an error in a class? I have referenced atpvbaen.xls. Edit: I have found that when I run the code through a menu option I have created on the menu bar it fails, but when I run it via a button or through the VB Editor it works fine. Looks like it is something to do with the menu. Thanks, Martin

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• Lost in UTF-8 hell. (Django and Python)

  - by user140314

  I am working through the Django RSS reader project here. The RSS feed will read something like "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — James Harden let". The RSS feed's encoding reads encoding="UTF-8" so I believe I am passing utf-8 to markdown in the code snippet below. The em dash is where it chokes. I get the Django error of "'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2014' in position 109: ordinal not in range(128)" which is an UnicodeEncodeError. In the variables being passed I see "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) \u2014 James Harden". The code line that is not working is: content = content.encode(parsed_feed.encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace") I am using markdown 2.0, django 1.1, and python 2.4. What is the magic sequence of encoding and decoding that I need to do to make this work? Thanks.

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• How can I process command line arguments in Python?

  - by photographer

  What would be an easy expression to process command line arguments if I'm expecting anything like 001 or 999 (let's limit expectations to 001...999 range for this time), and few other arguments passed, and would like to ignore any unexpected? I understand if for example I need to find out if "debug" was passed among parameters it'll be something like that: if 'debug' in argv[1:]: print 'Will be running in debug mode.' How to find out if 009 or 575 was passed? All those are expected calls: python script.py python script.py 011 python script.py 256 debug python script.py 391 xls python script.py 999 debug pdf At this point I don't care about calls like that: python script.py 001 002 245 568 python script.py some unexpected argument python script.py 0001 python script.py 02 ...first one - because of more than one "numeric" argument; second - because of... well, unexpected arguments; third and fourth - because of non-3-digits arguments.

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• pythonic way to associate list elements with their indices

  - by Dragan Chupacabrovic

  Hello Everybody, I have a list of values and I want to put them in a dictionary that would map each value to it's index. I can do it this way: >>> t = (5,6,7) >>> d = dict(zip(t, range(len(t)))) >>> d {5: 0, 6: 1, 7: 2} this is not bad, but I'm looking for something more elegant. I've come across the following, but it does the opposite of what I need: >>> d = dict(enumerate(t)) >>> d {0: 5, 1: 6, 2: 7} Please share your solutions, Thank you

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• How to catch FTP errors? e.g., socket.error: [Errno 10060]

  - by Johnson

  I'm using the ftplib module to upload files: files = [ a.txt , b.txt , c.txt ] s = ftplib.FTP(ftp_server , ftp_user , ftp_pw) # Connect to FTP for i in range(len(files)): f = open(files[i], 'rb') stor = 'stor ' + files[i] s.storbinary(stor, f) f.close() # close file s.quit() # close ftp How do I catch the following error? socket.error: [Errno 10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond And what other errors are common when using the FTP module that I should also catch? Thanks for any help or pointers.

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• exceptions with python unicode encode/decode functions (why doesn't errors=ignore actually ignore th

  - by gatoatigrado

  Does anyone know why the string conversion functions throw exceptions when errors="ignore" is passed? How can I convert from regular Python string objects to unicode without errors being thrown? Thanks very much! python -c "import codecs; codecs.open('tmp', 'wb', encoding='utf8', errors='ignore').write('?????')" returns Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.py", line 686, in write return self.writer.write(data) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.py", line 351, in write data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors) UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

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• Timeline graph - how to handle "time gaps"?

  - by ebae

  I've been working with Google chart API and annotated timeline. Drawing graphs is fine. I have no problem. However, I need to draw a timeline graph for share prices. And as you may know, share prices are meaningful only between certain times (e.g. from 10AM to 4PM, when the market opens and closes). How do I change the Google timeline graph so that on X-Axis, the range is from 10AM-4PM? Right now, it just draws a long constant line between 4PM till 10AM next day before prices start to move again. Man, I hope that makes sens. (Google finance chart seems to do it). Thank you SO much for whoever can answer. You are a CHAMPION!

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• Do you know a good and efficient FFT?

  - by yan bellavance

  Hi, I am trying to find a very fast and efficient Fourier transform (FFT). Does anyone know of any good ones. I need to run it on the iPhone so it must not be intensive. Instead, maybe you know of one that is wavelet like, i need frequency resolution but only a narrow band (vocal audio range up to 10khz max...even 10Khz might be too high). Im thinking also of truncating this FFT to keep the frequency resolution while eliminating the unwanted frequency band. This is for an iphone ...I have taken a look at the FFT in Aurio touch but it seems this is an int FFT but my app uses floats.....would it give a big performance increase to try and adapt program to an int FFT or not(which i really dont feel like doing...plus aurio touch uses a radix 2 FFT which is not that great).

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