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  • Python coin-toss

    - by Andy
    i am new to Python, and i can't wrap my head around this. I have following function defined: def FlipCoins(num_flips): heads_rounds_won = 0 for i in range(10000): heads = 0 tails = 0 for j in range(num_flips): dice = random.randint(0,1) if dice==1: heads += 1 else: tails += 1 if heads > tails: heads_rounds_won += 1 return heads_rounds_won Here is what it should do (but apparently doesn't): flip a coin num_flip times, count heads and tails, and see if there are more heads than tails. If yes, increment head_rounds_won by 1. Repeat 10000 times. I would assume that head_rounds_won will approximate 5000 (50%). And it does that for odd numbers as input. For example, 3, 5 or 7 will produce about 50%. However, even numbers will produce much lower results, more like 34%. Small numbers especially, with higher even numbers, like for example 800, the difference to 50% is much narrower. Why is this the case? Shouldn't any input produce about 50% heads/tails?

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  • What is the best / proper idiom in django for modifying a field during a .save() where you need to o

    - by MDBGuy
    Hi, say I've got: class LogModel(models.Model): message = models.CharField(max_length=512) class Assignment(models.Model): someperson = models.ForeignKey(SomeOtherModel) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): super(Assignment, self).save() old_person = #????? LogModel(message="%s is no longer assigned to %s"%(old_person, self).save() LogModel(message="%s is now assigned to %s"%(self.someperson, self).save() My goal is to save to LogModel some messages about who Assignment was assigned to. Notice that I need to know the old, presave value of this field. I have seen code that suggests, before super().save(), retrieve the instance from the database via primary key and grab the old value from there. This could work, but is a bit messy. In addition, I plan to eventually split this code out of the .save() method via signals - namely pre_save() and post_save(). Trying to use the above logic (Retrieve from the db in pre_save, make the log entry in post_save) seemingly fails here, as pre_save and post_save are two seperate methods. Perhaps in pre_save I can retrieve the old value and stick it on the model as an attribute? I was wondering if there was a common idiom for this. Thanks.

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  • Faster quadrature decoder loops with Python code

    - by Kelei
    I'm working with a BeagleBone Black and using Adafruit's IO Python library. Wrote a simple quadrature decoding function and it works perfectly fine when the motor runs at about 1800 RPM. But when the motor runs at higher speeds, the code starts missing some of the interrupts and the encoder counts start to accumulate errors. Do you guys have any suggestions as to how I can make the code more efficient or if there are functions which can cycle the interrupts at a higher frequency. Thanks, Kel Here's the code: # Define encoder count function def encodercount(term): global counts global Encoder_A global Encoder_A_old global Encoder_B global Encoder_B_old global error Encoder_A = GPIO.input('P8_7') # stores the value of the encoders at time of interrupt Encoder_B = GPIO.input('P8_8') if Encoder_A == Encoder_A_old and Encoder_B == Encoder_B_old: # this will be an error error += 1 print 'Error count is %s' %error elif (Encoder_A == 1 and Encoder_B_old == 0) or (Encoder_A == 0 and Encoder_B_old == 1): # this will be clockwise rotation counts += 1 print 'Encoder count is %s' %counts print 'AB is %s %s' % (Encoder_A, Encoder_B) elif (Encoder_A == 1 and Encoder_B_old == 1) or (Encoder_A == 0 and Encoder_B_old == 0): # this will be counter-clockwise rotation counts -= 1 print 'Encoder count is %s' %counts print 'AB is %s %s' % (Encoder_A, Encoder_B) else: #this will be an error as well error += 1 print 'Error count is %s' %error Encoder_A_old = Encoder_A # store the current encoder values as old values to be used as comparison in the next loop Encoder_B_old = Encoder_B # Initialize the interrupts - these trigger on the both the rising and falling GPIO.add_event_detect('P8_7', GPIO.BOTH, callback = encodercount) # Encoder A GPIO.add_event_detect('P8_8', GPIO.BOTH, callback = encodercount) # Encoder B # This is the part of the code which runs normally in the background while True: time.sleep(1)

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  • Using Memcached in Python/Django - questions.

    - by Thomas
    I am starting use Memcached to make my website faster. For constant data in my database I use this: from django.core.cache import cache cache_key = 'regions' regions = cache.get(cache_key) if result is None: """Not Found in Cache""" regions = Regions.objects.all() cache.set(cache_key, regions, 2592000) #(2592000sekund = 30 dni) return regions For seldom changed data I use signals: from django.core.cache import cache from django.db.models import signals def nuke_social_network_cache(self, instance, **kwargs): cache_key = 'networks_for_%s' % (self.instance.user_id,) cache.delete(cache_key) signals.post_save.connect(nuke_social_network_cache, sender=SocialNetworkProfile) signals.post_delete.connect(nuke_social_network_cache, sender=SocialNetworkProfile) Is it correct way? I installed django-memcached-0.1.2, which show me: Memcached Server Stats Server Keys Hits Gets Hit_Rate Traffic_In Traffic_Out Usage Uptime 127.0.0.1 15 220 276 79% 83.1 KB 364.1 KB 18.4 KB 22:21:25 Can sombody explain what columns means? And last question. I have templates where I am getting much records from a few table (relationships). So in my view I get records from one table and in templates show it and related info from others. Generating page last a few seconds for very small table (<100records). Is it some easy way to cache queries from templates? Have I to do some big structure in my view (with all related tables), cache it and send to template?

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  • Replacing words in string

    - by abkai
    Okay, so I have the following little function: def swap(inp): inp = inp.split() out = "" for item in inp: ind = inp.index(item) item = item.replace("i am", "you are") item = item.replace("you are", "I am") item = item.replace("i'm", "you're") item = item.replace("you're", "I'm") item = item.replace("my", "your") item = item.replace("your", "my") item = item.replace("you", "I") item = item.replace("my", "your") item = item.replace("i", "you") inp[ind] = item for item in inp: ind = inp.index(item) item = item + " " inp[ind] = item return out.join(inp) Which, while it's not particularly efficient gets the job done for shorter sentences. Basically, all it does is swaps pronoun etc. perspectives. This is fine when I throw a string like "I love you" at it, it returns "you love me" but when I throw something like: you love your version of my couch because I love you, and you're a couch-lover. I get: I love your versyouon of your couch because I love I, and I'm a couch-lover. I'm confused as to why this is happening. I explicitly split the string into a list to avoid this. Why would it be able to detect it as being a part of a list item, rather than just an exact match? Also, slightly deviating to avoid having to post another question so similar; if a solution to this breaks this function, what will happen to commas, full stops, other punctuation? It made some very surprising mistakes. My expected output is: I love my version of your couch because you love I, and I'm a couch-lover. The reason I formatted it like this, is because I eventually hope to be able to replace the item.replace(x, y) variables with words in a database.

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  • Python refuses text.replace() in one environment

    - by gx
    Hi fellow programmers, I've been mocking about with the following bit of dirty support-code for a pylons app, which works fine in a python-shell, a separate python file, or when running in paster. Now, we've put the application on-line through mod_wsgi and apache and this specific piece of code stopped working completely. First off, the code itself: def fixStyle(self, text): t = text.replace('<p>', '<p style="%s">' % (STYLEDEF,)) t = t.replace('class="wide"', 'style="width: 125px; %s"' % (DEFSTYLE,)) t = t.replace('<td>', '<td style="%s">' % (STYLEDEF,)) t = t.replace('<a ', '<a style="%s" ' % (LINKSTYLE,)) return t It seems pretty straightforward, and to be honest, it is. So what happens when I put a piece of text in it, for example: <table><tr><td>Test!</td></tr></table> The output should be: <table><tr><td style="stuff-from-styledef">Test!</td></tr></table> and it is, on most systems. When we put it through the app on Apache/mod_wsgi though, the following happens: <table><tr><td>Test!</td></tr></table> You guessed it. I'm currently at a loss and have no idea where to go next. Googling doesn't really work out, so I'm hoping on you guys to help out and perhaps point out a fundamental issue with using whatever-is-causing-this. If anything is missing I'll edit it in.

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Get XML-RPC (Andorid - PHP) web service different params type

    - by Jovan
    Hi, I want to create XML-RPC web service for Andorid (client) - PHP (Server) communication I create XML-RPC PHP web service server using this tutorial: http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/own-web-service-php-xml-rpc/5 For andorid client web service I use this project: http://code.google.com/p/android-xmlrpc/ server and client communication is OK, but I have problem with getting params from andorid client to php server. From andorid client I send two params (first integer and second float number) Object[] params = { 3, 3.6f, }; method.call(params); , but I don't know how to handle this parameters in php server?? in php server there is some function , but with only one param ($news_id): function news_viewNewsItem ( $news_id ) { /* Define the query to fetch the news item */ $query = "SELECT * FROM kd_xmlrpc_news WHERE news_id = '" . $news_id . "'"; $sql = mysql_query ( $query ); if ( $result = mysql_fetch_array ( $sql ) ) { /* Extract the variables for sending in our server response */ $news_item['news_id'] = $result['news_id']; $news_item['date'] = XMLRPC_convert_timestamp_to_iso8601( mysql_datetime_to_timestamp( $result['date'] ) ); $news_item['title'] = $result['title']; $news_item['full_desc'] = $result['full_desc']; $news_item['author'] = $result['author']; /* Respond to the client with the news item */ XMLRPC_response(XMLRPC_prepare($news_item), KD_XMLRPC_USERAGENT); } else { /* If there was an error, respond with a fault code instead */ XMLRPC_error("1", "news_viewNewsItem() error: Unable to read news:" . mysql_error(), KD_XMLRPC_USERAGENT); } } In server.py file there is functions for every method but I dont know how to write in php server: def add(self, x, y): print print "input x=%s, y=%s" % (str(x), str(y)) sum = x + y print "output", sum print return sum Can some one help me with code , and tell me how to handle various types from client to server?? Thanks and Happy New Year

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  • Python + Expat: Error on &#0; entities

    - by clacke
    I have written a small function, which uses ElementTree and xpath to extract the text contents of certain elements in an xml file: #!/usr/bin/env python2.5 import doctest from xml.etree import ElementTree from StringIO import StringIO def parse_xml_etree(sin, xpath): """ Takes as input a stream containing XML and an XPath expression. Applies the XPath expression to the XML and returns a generator yielding the text contents of each element returned. >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem1').next() 'one' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'two' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><null>&#0;</null><elem3>three</elem3></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'three' """ tree = ElementTree.parse(sin) for element in tree.findall(xpath): yield element.text if __name__ == '__main__': doctest.testmod(verbose=True) The third test fails with the following exception: ExpatError: reference to invalid character number: line 1, column 13 Is the � entity illegal XML? Regardless whether it is or not, the files I want to parse contain it, and I need some way to parse them. Any suggestions for another parser than Expat, or settings for Expat, that would allow me to do that?

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  • Slightly different execution times between python2 and python3

    - by user557634
    Hi. Lastly I wrote a simple generator of permutations in python (implementation of "plain changes" algorithm described by Knuth in "The Art... 4"). I was curious about the differences in execution time of it between python2 and python3. Here is my function: def perms(s): s = tuple(s) N = len(s) if N <= 1: yield s[:] raise StopIteration() for x in perms(s[1:]): for i in range(0,N): yield x[:i] + (s[0],) + x[i:] I tested both using timeit module. My tests: $ echo "python2.6:" && ./testing.py && echo "python3:" && ./testing3.py python2.6: args time[ms] 1 0.003811 2 0.008268 3 0.015907 4 0.042646 5 0.166755 6 0.908796 7 6.117996 8 48.346996 9 433.928967 10 4379.904032 python3: args time[ms] 1 0.00246778964996 2 0.00656183719635 3 0.01419159912 4 0.0406293644678 5 0.165960511097 6 0.923101452814 7 6.24257639835 8 53.0099868774 9 454.540967941 10 4585.83498001 As you can see, for number of arguments less than 6, python 3 is faster, but then roles are reversed and python2.6 does better. As I am a novice in python programming, I wonder why is that so? Or maybe my script is more optimized for python2? Thank you in advance for kind answer :)

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  • Python: problem with tiny script to delete files

    - by Rosarch
    I have a project that used to be under SVN, but now I'm moving it to Mercurial, so I want to clear out all the .svn files. It's a little too big to do it by hand, so I decided to write a python script to do it. But it isn't working. def cleandir(dir_path): print "Cleaning %s\n" % dir_path toDelete = [] files = os.listdir(dir_path) for filedir in files: print "considering %s" % filedir # continue if filedir == '.' or filedir == '..': print "skipping %s" % filedir continue path = dir_path + os.sep + filedir if os.path.isdir(path): cleandir(path) else: print "not dir: %s" % path if 'svn' in filedir: toDelete.append(path) print "Files to be deleted:" for candidate in toDelete: print candidate print "Delete all? [y|n]" choice = raw_input() if choice == 'y': for filedir in toDelete: if os.path.isdir(filedir): os.rmdir(filedir) else: os.unlink(filedir) exit() if __name__ == "__main__": cleandir(dir) The print statements show that it's only "considering" the filedirs whose names start with ".". However, if I uncomment the continue statement, all the filedirs are "considered". Why is this? Or is there some other utility that already exists to recursively de-SVN-ify a directory tree?

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  • Ruby: counters, counting and incrementing

    - by Shyam
    Hi, If you have seen my previous questions, you'd already know I am a big nuby when it comes to Ruby. So, I discovered this website which is intended for C programming, but I thought whatever one can do in C, must be possible in Ruby (and more readable too). The challenge is to print out a bunch of numbers. I discovered this nifty method .upto() and I used a block (and actually understanding its purpose). However, in IRb, I got some unexpected behavior. class MyCounter def run 1.upto(10) { |x| print x.to_s + " " } end end irb(main):033:0> q = MyCounter.new => #<MyCounter:0x5dca0> irb(main):034:0> q.run 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 => 1 I have no idea where the = 1 comes from :S Should I do this otherwise? I am expecting to have this result: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Thank you for your answers, comments and feedback!

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  • Rails load path questions

    - by HelpMe
    Say I have some custom classes that don't belong in models, controllers etc, I should put this in /lib correct? In rails < 3 I would add this directory to my loadpath and in rails 3+ I would add this to my autoload_path. Is this correct? Now say I have some classes that extends already defined classes. Where should I put this so its run on startup. Forexample say I want to add the method 'foo' on String. class String def foo 'foo; end end Where should I put this class so it's defined on startup? Another weird bug I have is when I try to namespace classes in lib. module MyProject class Foo end end Now in a console: ruby-1.9.2-p136 :004 Bags::Foo LoadError: Expected /Users/me/workspace/my_project/lib/foo.rb to define Foo from /Users/rob/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:492:in `load_missing_constant' from /Users/rob/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `block in const_missing' I keep getting this error. How can I load this file? Thanks in advance for any help!

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  • media.set_xx giving me grief!

    - by Firas
    New guy here. I asked a while back about a sprite recolouring program that I was having difficulty with and got some great responses. Basically, I tried to write a program that would recolour pixels of all the pictures in a given folder from one given colour to another. I believe I have it down, but, now the program is telling me that I have an invalid value specified for the red component of my colour. (ValueError: Invalid red value specified.), even though it's only being changed from 64 to 56. Any help on the matter would be appreciated! (Here's the code, in case I messed up somewhere else; It's in Python): import os import media import sys def recolour(old, new, folder): old_list = old.split(' ') new_list = new.split(' ') folder_location = os.path.join('C:\', 'Users', 'Owner', 'Spriting', folder) for filename in os.listdir (folder): current_file = media.load_picture(folder_location + '\\' + filename) for pix in current_file: if (media.get_red(pix) == int(old_list[0])) and \ (media.get_green(pix) == int(old_list[1])) and \ (media.get_blue(pix) == int(old_list[2])): media.set_red(pix, new_list[0]) media.set_green(pix, new_list[1]) media.set_blue(pix, new_list[2]) media.save(pic) if name == 'main': while 1: old = str(raw_input('Please insert the original RGB component, separated by a single space: ')) if old == 'quit': sys.exit(0) new = str(raw_input('Please insert the new RGB component, separated by a single space: ')) if new == 'quit': sys.exit(0) folder = str(raw_input('Please insert the name of the folder you wish to modify: ')) if folder == 'quit': sys.exit(0) else: recolour(old, new, folder)

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  • Django Datetime field question

    - by Shehzad009
    Hello I have been having a problem with django while trying to work with datetime. In my webapp I have a table like so when I run server. ID Owing 1 -100 (All the same value) 2 -100 3 -100 . . . . . . It has in one column Invoice id and the other owing. One-one relationship as well. sow for example owing value for 1 is 100. Unfortunately, this is where it all goes wrong because throughout column (Owing), it is giving me the owing value for ID=1. I want each ID to give me their owing value. Here is my view. I also wonder if I may need a for loop somewhere as well. def homepage(request): invoices_list = Invoice.objects.all() invoice_name = invoices_list[0].client_contract_number.client_number.name invoice_gross = invoices_list[0].invoice_gross payment_date = invoices_list[0].payment_date if payment_date <= datetime.now(): owing = invoice_gross if payment_date > datetime.now(): owing = 0 else: owing= 0 return render_to_response(('index.html', locals()), {'invoices_list': invoices_list ,'invoice_number':invoice_number, 'invoice_name':invoice_name, 'invoice_gross':invoice_gross, 'payment_date':payment_date, 'owing': owing}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) EDIT: Here is my template. The thing is the function owing is not in my models so saying {{invoices.owing}} wont work. {% for invoices in invoices_list %} <tr> <td>{{invoices.invoice_number}}</td> <td>{{invoices.invoice_contact}}</td> <td>{{invoices.client_contract_number}}</td> <td>{{invoices.payment_date|date:"d M Y"}}</td> <td>{{invoices.invoice_gross}}</td> <td>{{owing}}</td> {% endfor %}

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  • Removing a pattern from the beggining and end of a string in ruby

    - by seaneshbaugh
    So I found myself needing to remove <br /> tags from the beginning and end of strings in a project I'm working on. I made a quick little method that does what I need it to do but I'm not convinced it's the best way to go about doing this sort of thing. I suspect there's probably a handy regular expression I can use to do it in only a couple of lines. Here's what I got: def remove_breaks(text) if text != nil and text != "" text.strip! index = text.rindex("<br />") while index != nil and index == text.length - 6 text = text[0, text.length - 6] text.strip! index = text.rindex("<br />") end text.strip! index = text.index("<br />") while index != nil and index == 0 text = test[6, text.length] text.strip! index = text.index("<br />") end end return text end Now the "<br />" could really be anything, and it'd probably be more useful to make a general use function that takes as an argument the string that needs to be stripped from the beginning and end. I'm open to any suggestions on how to make this cleaner because this just seems like it can be improved.

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  • Optimizing this "Boundarize" method for Numerics in Ruby

    - by mstksg
    I'm extending Numerics with a method I call "Boundarize" for lack of better name; I'm sure there are actually real names for this. But its basic purpose is to reset a given point to be within a boundary. That is, "wrapping" a point around the boundary; if the area is betweeon 0 and 100, if the point goes to -1, -1.boundarize(0,100) = 99 (going one too far to the negative "wraps" the point around to one from the max). 102.boundarize(0,100) = 2 It's a very simple function to implement; when the number is below the minimum, simply add (max-min) until it's in the boundary. If the number is above the maximum, simply subtract (max-min) until it's in the boundary. One thing I also need to account for is that, there are cases where I don't want to include the minimum in the range, and cases where I don't want to include the maximum in the range. This is specified as an argument. However, I fear that my current implementation is horribly, terribly, grossly inefficient. And because every time something moves on the screen, it has to re-run this, this is one of the bottlenecks of my application. Anyone have any ideas? module Boundarizer def boundarize min=0,max=1,allow_min=true,allow_max=false raise "Improper boundaries #{min}/#{max}" if min >= max new_num = self if allow_min while new_num < min new_num += (max-min) end else while new_num <= min new_num += (max-min) end end if allow_max while new_num > max new_num -= (max-min) end else while new_num >= max new_num -= (max-min) end end return new_num end end class Numeric include Boundarizer end

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  • Django: returning a selection of fields from a model based on their values?

    - by AP257
    I am working with some data over which I have little control. I'd like to return ONLY the fields of my model that aren't certain 'uninteresting' values (e.g. '0', 'X' or '-'), and access them individually in the template. My model is like this: class Manors(models.Model): structidx = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, verbose_name="ID") hills = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="Number of fields") In my template, I return a QuerySet of Manors, and I'd like to output something like this if the hills field isn't uninteresting: {% for manor in manors %} {% if manor.hills %}<li>Hills blah blah: {{ manor.hills }}</li>{% endif %} {% endfor %} I want to avoid too much logic in the template. Ideally, the manor object would simply not return with the uninteresting fields attached, then I could just do {% if manor.hills %}. I tried writing a model method that returns a dictionary of the interesting values, like this: def get_field_dictionary(self): interesting_fields = {} for field in Manors._meta.fields: if field.value_to_string(self) != "N" and field.value_to_string(self) != "0" and field.value_to_string(self) != "-" and field.value_to_string(self) != "X": interesting_fields[field.name] = field.value_to_string(self) return interesting_fields But I don't know how to access individual values of the dictionary in the template: {% if manor.get_field_dictionary['hills'] %}<li>Hills blah blah: {{ manor.get_field_dictionary['hills'] }}</li>{% endif %} gives a TemplateSyntaxError. Is there a better way to do this?

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  • Working with fields which can mutate or be new instances altogether

    - by dotnetdev
    Structs are usually used for immutable data, eg a phone number, which does not mutate, but instead you get a new one (eg the number 000 becoming 0001 would mean two seperate numbers). However, pieces of information like Name, a string, can either mutate (company abc changing its name to abcdef, or being given a new name like def). For fields like this, I assume they should reside in the mutable class and not an immutable structure? My way of structuring code is to have an immutable concept, like Address (any change is a new address completely), in a struct and then reference it from a class like Customer, since Customer always has an address. So I would put CompanyName, or Employer, in the class as it is mutable. But a name can either mutate and so be the same 1 instance, or a new name setup and while the company still owning the first name too. Would the correct pattern for assigning a new instance (eg a new company name but the old name still owned by the company) be?: string name = ""; string newName = new string(); newName = "new"; name = newName; And a mutation just the standard assignment pattern? Thanks

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  • Rails: include index with fields_for form helper

    - by Patrick Oscity
    i'm trying to build two models from one form by using the fields_for method. my code looks like this: <% for scale in @event.scales %> <% f.fields_for "scale[]", scale do |scale_form| %> <p> Scale<br /> <%= scale_form.label :name %> <%= scale_form.text_field :name %> <%= scale_form.label :price %> <%= scale_form.text_field :price %> </p> <% end %> <% end %> but unfortunately the output html is missing the id's of the scales: <p> Scale<br /> <label for="event_scale__name">Name</label> <input id="event_scale__name" name="event[scale][][name]" size="30" type="text" /> <label for="event_scale__price">Price</label> <input id="event_scale__price" name="event[scale][][price]" size="30" type="text" /> </p> ... here's the corresponding controller and model: class EventsController < ApplicationController ... def new @event = Event.new @providers = Provider.find(:all, :order => :name) 3.times { @event.scales.build } respond_to do |format| format.html end end ... end class Event < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :scales ... end what am i doing wrong?

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  • How to define default values optional fields in play framework forms?

    - by natalinobusa
    I am implementing a web api using the scala 2.0.2 play framework. I would like to extract and validate a number of get parameters. And for this I am using a play "form" which allows me to define optional fields. Problem: For those optional fields, I need to define a default value if the parameter is not passed. The code is intended to parse correctly these three use cases: /test?top=abc (error, abc is not an integer) /test?top=123 (valid, top is 123) /test (valid, top is 42 (default value)) I have come up with the following code: def test = Action { implicit request => case class CData(top:Int) val p = Form( mapping( "top" -> optional(number) )((top) => CData($top.getOrElse(42))) ((cdata:CData) => Some(Some(cdata.top))) ).bindFromRequest() Ok("all done.") } The code works, but it's definitely not elegant. There is a lot of boiler plate going on just to set up a default value for a missing request parameter. Can anyone suggest a cleaner and more coincise solution?

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  • Django forms I cannot save picture file

    - by dana
    i have the model: class OpenCv(models.Model): created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True) first_name = models.CharField(('first name'), max_length=30, blank=True) last_name = models.CharField(('last name'), max_length=30, blank=True) url = models.URLField(verify_exists=True) picture = models.ImageField(help_text=('Upload an image (max %s kilobytes)' %settings.MAX_PHOTO_UPLOAD_SIZE),upload_to='jakido/avatar',blank=True, null= True) bio = models.CharField(('bio'), max_length=180, blank=True) date_birth = models.DateField(blank=True,null=True) domain = models.CharField(('domain'), max_length=30, blank=True, choices = domain_choices) specialisation = models.CharField(('specialization'), max_length=30, blank=True) degree = models.CharField(('degree'), max_length=30, choices = degree_choices) year_last_degree = models.CharField(('year last degree'), max_length=30, blank=True,choices = year_last_degree_choices) lyceum = models.CharField(('lyceum'), max_length=30, blank=True) faculty = models.ForeignKey(Faculty, blank=True,null=True) references = models.CharField(('references'), max_length=30, blank=True) workplace = models.ForeignKey(Workplace, blank=True,null=True) objects = OpenCvManager() the form: class OpencvForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = OpenCv fields = ['first_name','last_name','url','picture','bio','domain','specialisation','degree','year_last_degree','lyceum','references'] and the view: def save_opencv(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = OpencvForm(request.POST, request.FILES) # if 'picture' in request.FILES: file = request.FILES['picture'] filename = file['filename'] fd = open('%s/%s' % (MEDIA_ROOT, filename), 'wb') fd.write(file['content']) fd.close() if form.is_valid(): new_obj = form.save(commit=False) new_obj.picture = form.cleaned_data['picture'] new_obj.created_by = request.user new_obj.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('.') else: form = OpencvForm() return render_to_response('opencv/opencv_form.html', { 'form': form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) but i don't seem to save the picture in my database... something is wrong, and i can't figure out what :(

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  • parsing python to csv

    - by user185955
    I'm trying to download some game stats to do some analysis, only problem is each season the data their isn't 100% consistent. I grab the json file from the site, then wish to save it to a csv with the first line in the csv containing the heading for that column, so the heading would be essentially the key from the python data type. #!/usr/bin/env python import requests import json import csv base_url = 'http://www.afl.com.au/api/cfs/afl/' token_url = base_url + 'WMCTok' player_url = base_url + 'matchItems/round' def printPretty(data): print(json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=2, separators=(',', ': '))) session = requests.Session() # session makes it simple to use the token across the requests token = session.post(token_url).json()['token'] # get the token session.headers.update({'X-media-mis-token': token}) # set the token Season = 2014 Roundno = 4 if Roundno<10: strRoundno = '0'+str(Roundno) else: strRoundno = str(Roundno) # get some data (could easily be a for loop, might want to put in a delay using Sleep so that you don't get IP blocked) data = session.get(player_url + '/CD_R'+str(Season)+'014'+strRoundno) # print everything printPretty(data.json()) with open('stats_game_test.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile: spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter="'",quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL) for profile in data.json()['items']: spamwriter.writerow(['%s' %(profile)]) #for key in data.json().keys(): # print("key: %s , value: %s" % (key, data.json()[key])) The above code grabs the json and writes it to a csv, but it puts the key in each individual cell next to the value (eg 'venueId': 'CD_V190'), the key needs to be just across the first row as a heading. It gives me a csv file with data in the cells like this Column A B 'tempInCelsius': 17.0 'totalScore': 32 'tempInCelsius': 16.0 'totalScore': 28 What I want is the data like this tempInCelsius totalScore 17 32 16 28 As I mentioned up the top, the data isn't always consistent so if I define what fields to grab with spamwriter.writerow([profile['tempInCelsius'], profile['totalScore']]) then it will error out on certain data grabs. This is why I'm now trying the above method so it just grabs everything regardless of what data is there.

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  • avoiding code duplication in Rails 3 models

    - by Dustin Frazier
    I'm working on a Rails 3.1 application where there are a number of different enum-like models that are stored in the database. There is a lot of identical code in these models, as well as in the associated controllers and views. I've solved the code duplication for the controllers and views via a shared parent controller class and the new view/layout inheritance that's part of Rails 3. Now I'm trying to solve the code duplication in the models, and I'm stuck. An example of one of my enum models is as follows: class Format < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :videos attr_accessible :name validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 20 } before_destroy :verify_no_linked_videos def verify_no_linked_videos unless self.videos.empty? self.errors[:base] << "Couldn't delete format with associated videos." raise ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid.new self end end end I have four or five other classes with nearly identical code (the association declaration being the only difference). I've tried creating a module with the shared code that they all include (which seems like the Ruby Way), but much of the duplicate code relies on ActiveRecord, so the methods I'm trying to use in the module (validate, attr_accessible, etc.) aren't available. I know about ActiveModel, but that doesn't get me all the way there. I've also tried creating a common, non-persistent parent class that subclasses ActiveRecord::Base, but all of the code I've seen to accomplish this assumes that you won't have subclasses of your non-persistent class that do persist. Any suggestions for how best to avoid duplicating these identical lines of code across many different enum models?

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  • Writing functions of tuples conveniently in Scala

    - by Alexey Romanov
    Quite a few functions on Map take a function on a key-value tuple as the argument. E.g. def foreach(f: ((A, B)) ? Unit): Unit. So I looked for a short way to write an argument to foreach: > val map = Map(1 -> 2, 3 -> 4) map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,Int] = Map(1 -> 2, 3 -> 4) > map.foreach((k, v) => println(k)) error: wrong number of parameters; expected = 1 map.foreach((k, v) => println(k)) ^ > map.foreach({(k, v) => println(k)}) error: wrong number of parameters; expected = 1 map.foreach({(k, v) => println(k)}) ^ > map.foreach(case (k, v) => println(k)) error: illegal start of simple expression map.foreach(case (k, v) => println(k)) ^ I can do > map.foreach(_ match {case (k, v) => println(k)}) 1 3 Any better alternatives?

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