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• Router(s) Issue: DNS quries sporadically fail with multiple computers hooked in

  - by bob-the-destroyer

  Basically, after anywhere from 5-60 minutes, DNS queries fail for a few minutes, then slowly begin to resolve correctly. Then the cycle repeats. This occurs only when more than one computer is on the network. All computers on the network experiences the same sporadic DNS outage at the same time. Wireless or wired, Linux or Windows, fresh OS install or old, browser or ping, same symptoms. Duplicated on 3 routers (not chained together, mind you) and 3 ISP's and 3 separate locations over the past several months. The only common theme is a single 5-yo WIN XP laptop which has been in use on the network throughout all this. There also may be anywhere between 1 - 10 devices hooked up wired or wirelessly at a time. The only reprieve I have from this torture is by using any VPN to an outside source - always smooth sailing. I typically set up any router to a) use WPA2/etc security; b) MAC whitelist; c) UPNP OFF (if available); d) always update firmware when available; e) obtain DNS from ISP automatically; f) set the router to act as DHCP server for the internal network. Adjusting channels has no effect. Any ideas?

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• Samba access works with IP address only

  - by Sebastian Rittau

  I added a Debian etch host (hostname: webserver, IP address: 192.168.101.2) running Samba to a Windows network with a Windows 2003 PDC (IP address 192.168.101.3). The Samba server exports a public guest share, called "Intranet". The server shows up fine in the network, but trying to click on it produces an error dialog, stating I don't have the necessary permissions. So does entering \webserver manually and using \webserver\internet states that the path does not exist. Interestingly, accessing the share by IP address (\192.168.101.2 or \192.168.101.2\intranet) works fine. DNS is configured correctly, and "smbclient //webserver/intranet" on another Linux client works fine. One complicating issue is that the webserver is only a VMware virtual machine running on PDC server. Here is our smb.conf: [global] workgroup = Foobar server string = Webserver wins support = yes ; commenting out these wins server = 192.168.101.3 ; two lines has no effect dns proxy = no guest account = nobody [... snipped some unrelated bits, like logging ...] security = share [... snipped some password-related things ...] domain master = no [intranet] comment = Intranet path = /srv/webserver/contents browseable = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes read only = yes create mask = 0775 directory mask = 0775

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• Windows Displays Double the Actual Installed Physical Memory

  - by Andrew Barber

  I have a server I've installed Windows Web 2008 R2 on, which is reporting that I have double the physical memory installed as is actually the case. In msinfo32 "Installed Physical Memory" shows as 2x what ever the actual installed amount is, though "Total Physical Memory" shows the correct amount. The "System" info window shows installed memory as 2x, with the correct amount in parenthesis listed as the "usable" amount). This server mistakenly had Windows Web 2008 (32-bit) installed on it just previously, and that OS also reported the same faulty information as Win2K8R2 is reporting. BIOS reports the correct amount, memtest was run on this server before installation, and a previous Windows 2000 instance installed on this system also reported the correct amount, as I recall. Server operation seems to be fine as well (it's only trying to use the correct amount of memory). The server is a generic pizzabox running on a SuperMicro X6DVL-EG with dual Xeon-3.2's. Memory installed are 4 matching mt18vddf12872g-335c3 sticks (1GB pc2700 DDR ECC REG cl2.5) This behavior occurs whether two or all four are installed. So, has anyone seen something like this before? Have any idea about what's causing it, and how I should be concerned about it? Everything else seems good so far, and I'll be upgrading the memory before putting the server into service, but I don't want to spend too much time/money/effort on the server if it's got something odd going wrong here. UPDATE: There was a question I ran into regarding memory sparing in the BIOS and a possible (buggy) effect thereof; however, flipping that bit back and forth in the BIOS revealed that isn't the issue. Still flummoxed a bit about this one, though I still have seen no negative impacts. Post-Answer Update (January 13, 2011): Upgrading the system with new, larger memory has fixed this issue.

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• Truecrypt files corrupted after moving PC into another case

  - by Dygerati

  I recently bought a new PC case and transferred all of my PC hardware into it. The only hardware modification was the addition of two identical ram modules. The entire process went smoothly, and everything worked and booted as before. The only side-effect I found when accessing one my of file-based hidden truecrypt volumes shortly there after. Some of the files in the volume - NOT all - seemed to be entirely corrupted. The directory and file names are garbled characters, but a few of the directories in the same volume appear and function normally. Also, all files in the non-hidden tc volume were still intact. Is this not weird? The only other real change I could think of would be that the hard drives were connected to different SATA ports on the mobo. I really don't know how the truecrypt encryption works well enough to know what could cause this...and the fact that not all the files were corrupted makes it more bizarre still. So, first off (and I'm not too hopeful on this point), would it be possible to restore these files? I had a backup of most, but not all of the files involved. Other than that I'm just curious how this happened and how I can prevent it next time. Thanks!

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• Nexenta, NFS and LOCK_EX

  - by Givre

  I'm currently using an LAMP architecture and I expect a big problem :( I have several http web server using PHP5. All are mounting via NFS (v3) the directory for all the hosted websites. The file server is running the Nexenta Storage Appliance using ZFS . The problem is all the NFS client trying to write something in a file over the NFS get this problem : This is inside the apache2 process: open("/nfs/website1/file.txt", ORDWR|OCREAT, 0600) = 11647 fstat(11647, {stmode=SIFREG|0600, st_size=23754, ...}) = 0 flock(11647, LOCK_EX And the process never get the LOCK and keep waiting for... always. The effect? All the apache2 procces get used and waiting.. my severs can't still proccess the others requests because there is no more proccess available. I don't now where to find a solution.. for me it.'s on the NFS server side.. but wich configuration is wrong or missing ? How can I find what is wrong? If you need more information about the configuration, just ask me what can help you more :)

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• SSL Mail server connection times out on send()

  - by Jivan

  When trying to programmatically send an email from a website of mine, with PHP Pear Mail package with SSL connection, PEAR:Mail replies the following : Failed to connect to example.blabla.net:PORT [SMTP: Failed to connect socket: connection timed out (code: -1, response: )] I looked for similar questions on SO and SF, all the answers asking the OP to test a request on telnet or ssh in command line. So, that is what I did and here is what happens : $ ssh -l myusername -p PORT example.blablabla.net _ Here, '_' in the second line means that NOTHING happens. Indefinitely, which seems coherent with the timeout message I had from PEAR:Mail. So PEAR:Mail seems out of cause. But, what I have to tell you is that yesterday, it just worked. Connection was properly established, mails were properly sent, etc. Just today, it doesn't work anymore and I absolutely don't know why. I restarted Apache (in case an extension was broken), restarted mail services, etc. Still. No effect. Before yesterday (when it worked) and today (when it doesn't anymore), I just didn't touch the server and did nothing on it, simply because I took a day off to write some blog post! Have anyone of you encountered similar problem ? The problem seems quite common, judging after some googling, but the solution doesn't. Thanks for any help ! (note on config : CentOS 6.4 x86_64 with cPanel/WHM)

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• Fake demostration software for command line

  - by Joe

  I'm looking for some software that would be useful for giving demonstrations. I regularly have to show the effects of scrips ect to classes while talking about their effects, and equaly regularly I have finger trouble and have to rewrite various commands - wasting class time and general energy. I'd like to be able to record a sequence of commands in advance, and then play them back at the speed of my choosing. So I might have a file that containes the commands: echo "hello world!" ls ls -l ls -l | sort I'd like to be able to play these commands back by typing similar ones in. So I'd have a blinking command prompt and if I typed 'echo "hxxx' the command prompt would read home$echo "hell and if I typed any other letters the terminal would fill up with the remainder of the command until I press enter, when it executes the command. The point is that even if I screw up the command when typing it, the command that I'd prepared in advance would be executed. My question is - does similar software exist for giving demonstrations? or even, is this an easy thing to script up...? EDIT - two quick things first of all I'm on osx - but it would be nice to get a general solution for other people who arrive here from google. and second a lot of the comments/answers are concentrating on, in effect, making it fast and easy to enter long commands by means of hotkeys and the like. Actually I'd like it to at least look like I'm typing live - that's why I put in the bit about the one-to-one keymapping, but I don't think I explained that quite as well as I could have...

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• Connections to IIS sometimes get stuck in CLOSE_WAIT state

  - by randomhuman

  Our application includes an ASP.Net web service that only needs to deal with a handful of clients. As such, the 10 incoming connection limit of Windows XP Pro is generally not a problem. However, on one particular server, connections are occasionally becoming stuck in the CLOSE_WAIT state. These connections build up over time and eventually new client connections are refused because the maximum number of connections are used up. From my googling it sounds like a failure of the webservice to properly close the connection can cause this problem, but as it works just fine on hundreds of other Windows XP pro machines I can't see it being a bug in our code. It also ran fine on the affected machine until some shenanigans on the part of the end user (I think they set about deleting duplicate files in order to reduce their disk usage, but they did not exactly come clean about it). What could the user have changed to introduce this problem? Is there any way I can force connections that are in CLOSE_WAIT to time out rather than letting them hang around? I have seen suggestions to reduce TcpTimedWaitDelay, but that only relates to the TIME_WAIT state, and changing it did not have any effect.

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• Problem with Amiga 1200 accelerator board

  - by cc0

  I just recently walked past a dump, where in the corner of my eye I spotted something that looked like a huge keyboard. I went to take a closer look, and found out that it was an Amiga 1200 with a 030 accellerator board and scala dongle. Jackpot! So anyway; I dried it, cleaned it, it works, but the floppy was not powering on and same with the harddrive. I am using an old Amiga 1200 PSU that was making some strange high pitch noise when I tried to boot the amiga with the harddrive installed in it. I removed the harddrive and it booted fine with the PSU not emitting any detectable noise. However, when I have the 030 installed it sometimes reboots and shows a red "Software Error" screen. I tried removing the memory on the board, same effect. Sometimes it does not boot at all, just gives a black screen. Someone suggested the card had problems with 3.1 roms, but this amiga has only 3.0 roms installed. Does anyone have any apparent theories as to why it seems unstable? I don't have any other Amiga parts to cross-swap with to test a lot of things, so I'd really appreciate some sound input here so I'd know what to look for in order to try fix it. And merry Christmas everyone :]

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• User Group Policy in Server 2008 to set Default Profile settings

  - by Chris

  I have computers to deploy and want to apply changes to the default user policy on these PCs automatically. What's the best way to do this? Our current procedure is: Create the computer account in an OU called "Deployment" on our server Unbox the PC Login as the user who will be receiving the PC Change settings (pre-configure outlook, authorize Office, etc.) move computer account to correct OU Place the PC on the users desk. I would like to make as many of the changes in step #4 with Group Policies applied to the Deployment OU if possible since they're largely repeated for every computer. There are a dozen policies created and the computer ones apply correctly but the user policies do not. I understand this is because the end user is not in our "Deployment" OU. I don't want to apply these settings to the user at their current station just the new PC I'm working on. I believe I have the desired effect with Group Policy Loopback Replace enabled on policies that need user policies changed but this just feels wrong/inefficient/complicated to maintain. Am I doing this correctly? Is Group Policy Loopback the only way to change user accounts on one computer? What do you do to setup a user on a new PC?

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• Cannot Add Particular Word to Dictionary

  - by WCWedin

  I am trying to add a particular word to my custom dictionary using Word 2007. (The word happens to be "deserialized".) When I right-click on the word and click Add to Dictionary, the red underline does not go away. When I use the Spelling & Grammar tool from the Review tab on the ribbon, it will stop on that word; clicking the Add to Dictionary button has no effect. Oddly, I am able to add other words to the custom dictionary without a problem. I recently added "deserializes", for instance. I have only encountered this problem with that one particular word. Does anyone know what might be wrong and how I might fix it? Clarifications My document and all its content is set to English (United States). My custom dictionary is set to apply to All Languages, which is the default value. "Serialize" is in the US English default dictionary, but "deserialize" and its various forms is not.

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• How to get IE to open JavaScript as text

  - by Pete

  I am running IE 9. Up until last week sometime, if I would put the URL of a JavaScript file in the address bar, it would show the JavaScript as text in the browser window. Now when I do that, it wants to download the JavaScript file. How can I revert it to the previous handling? This is annoying since I'm developing a web application and if I can get it to display the .js files as text in the browser, then I can refresh it to force the cache to update. Update: I've tested on several co-workers machines. For some, browsing to .js files renders them in the browser (IE 9 in all cases). In others, it asks for a download. File associations don't seem to have any effect. One co-worker we tested with IE and Chrome. IE wanted to download it, but Chrome rendered it as text. This makes me think it's an IE issue and not an OS issue.

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• Read access to Active Directory property (uSNChanged)

  - by Tom Ligda

  I have an issue with read access to the uSNChanged property when doing LDAP searches. If I do an LDAP search with a user that is a member of the Domain Admins group (UserA), I can see the uSNChanged property for every user. The problem is that if I do an LDAP search with a user (UserB) that is not a member of the Domain Admins group, I can see the uSNChanged property for some users (UserGroupA) and not for some users (UserGroupB). When I look at the users in UserGroupA and compare them to the users in UserGroupB, I see a crucial difference in the "Security" tab. The users in UserGroupA have the "Include inheritable permissions from this object's parent" unchecked. The users in UserGroupB have that option checked. I also noticed that the users in UserGroupA are users that were created earlier. The users in UserGroupB are users created recently. It's difficult to quantify, but I estimate the border between creation time between the users in UserGroupA and UserGroupB is about 6 months ago. What can cause the user creation to default to having that security property checked as opposed to unchecked? A while back (maybe around 6 months ago?) I changed the domain functional level from Windows Server 2003 to Windows Server 2008 R2. Would that have had this effect? (I can't exactly downgrade the domain functional level to test it out.) Is this security property actually the cause of the issue with read access to the uSNChanged property on LDAP searches? It seems correlated, but I'm not sure about causation. What I want in the end is for all authenticated users to have read access to the uSNChanged property for all users when doing an LDAP search. I would also be OK if I could grant read access for that property to an AD group. Then I can control access by adding members to the group.

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• Ethernet cable unplugged after updating from windows 8.0 to 8.1

  - by Pehmolelu

  Yeah, so I went and updated my windows 8 pro to 8.1. Now everything else seems to work but the network. The Ethernet just says that Network cable is unplugged, even though it is plugged and I have tried different cord as well and I have tested that the router works. I have tried uninstalling the network drivers (Realtec PCIe GBE) and reinstall them with no success. After installing drivers the Device Management gives error for it "Device could not be started. Code 10" Before 8.1 update I had rt630x64.inf, after update it was netrt630x64.inf, and after installing the latest driver rt630x64.inf. With rt630x64.inf there isn't any error, but it's still not just working. New downloaded version: 8.020.0815.2013 (From Realtek website) The driver before: 8.1.510.2013 (After updating the windows to 8.1) I'm using Desktop PC, no VM. I dont have VirtualBox or Vmware installed. I have checked from BIOS that the card is enabled. I have booted in safe mode with network enabled. Says unplugged there as well. I have put the power off for few minutes and put back on, no effect. If anyone has any kind of suggestions, please tell.

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• Need software to convert RAR to ZIP ("store" mode - no compression) * Extract->re-archive changes date/time attributes

  - by Larry78

  I have tried all of the following applications (download.cnet.com - the free ones), and none of them will convert an RAR archive to a ZIP, without compressing the files ("store" mode). 7-ZIP would be fine, too. [The RAR is a "solid" archive with password (I know it), files "stored" - no compression, used WinRAR 3.5.1] PeaZip, 7-Zip, FilZip, TugZip, SimplyZipSE, QuickZip, WinShrink. (A couple of the apps let you try, but the program gives an error - indicating how bad the software is. (Like "unknown header # #.") None of these apps will do the conversion at all. IZArc 4.1 comes the closest. It will convert an RAR to a ZIP, but it compresses the zip. There is a general preference setting to "store" - but it doesn't effect conversions. I don't want to extract the RAR files and re-archive them because I need to preserve the modified/created file attributes. IZArc preserves them, but it compresses the files. WinRAR has the option to convert archives, but I get the error "skipping encryped archive" when I try to convert it. It asks for the password first, and I know it's right because that password opens the archive, and I can read/view all the files in the archive.

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• Cannot install SQL Server CE 4

  - by Manos Dilaverakis

  I'm trying to install SQL Server CE 4 on a WinXP Pro SP3 machine. I double-click on the file and absolutely nothing happens. There is nothing in the event viewer and the only effect I can see is the addition of an empty, randomly named folder in C:\ which looks something like C:\7c59aaeb5e43f6bdcb2430e923 I've tried this with both SQL Server CE 4 and the SP1 version. I've tried disabling the AV (Nod32) file protection but it didn't make a difference. I've checked the installed program list in case it's already installed, but I don't see it anywhere. I checked in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\ and there's only the \3.5 folder in there from the already installed 3.5 version. Does anyone know what's going on or how I can further diagnose the problem? Edit in response to Ramhound: I have .NET 4 installed. Why, does it need a particular version? Edit in response to leinad13 I tried Process Explorer and filtered by the name of the temporary folder created. I see the following, but can't make much sense of it.

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• Nagios: turn off service checks/display on down hosts

  - by Alien Life Form

  I want to to tweak nagios in such a way that all checking stops (with services not displayed, or displayed as unknown) for any down node. Said differently I only want to see one alert for a down host instead of 1 (down) + n (1 for every service). Note that I am interested in service display/status, not only in turning off notifications. Rationale: we use the nagios firefox/chrome plugin to monitor status and nagios' behavior is too noisy giving readings like these (because every node has 20 services): 3 down, 1 unreachable, 4 warnings, 87 critical This means that the 7 critical services on up node (the problem is on the service) are swamped in a slab of red services which are critical only because they sit on a node that's down/unreachable. What I'd rather like to see is: 3 down, 1 unreachable, 80 unknown, 4 warnings, 7 critical Or even 3 down, 1 unreachable, 4 warnings, 7 critical I have looked in service dependencies but I did not fine a way to describe: "make all services on a alive-host dependen on the status of the host check". I found the problem discussed here, where one of the participants thought it was a nagios bug, and here where one of the participants thought it was "as designed". As things are, I am just interested in the effect, much less in the design philosophy. Note that this nagios is checking hundreds of nodes, so the maintainablilty of the solution is also important. TIA and cheers.

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• Dual Monitor + Virtual Desktop software (plus for cube)

  - by xenithorb

  I've recently purchased another monitor, my first one being a TV and being much larger. I now sit at a desk and use my shiny new 24" LED more often, but I like to extend the desktop into the TV. The problem presented with this is to save power and the longevity of my 47" VIZIO, I try to keep it off when possible. What I'm seeking sounds very simple - If any of you have ever used Compiz or Deskspace (Yod'm) - You'll know what im referring to when I talk about a "cube." The most important functionality I'm looking for is the ability to scroll desktop contents between both displays and virtual desktops. Deskspace does and excellent job of presenting an attractive cube, but it creates a separate cube and virtual desktop space for the second extended monitor (now the TV) - Again, what I'm looking to do is scroll between virtual desktops, by passing through both monitors. The net effect of this functionality would allow me to scroll the contents of the extended monitor to the first monitor should a window get caught there without having to turn on the TV. So imagine the horizontal portion of a cube as being actual real monitors - is there anything that allows one to rotate desktops between displays?

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• Win7 loses connection to network shares after resume unless server specified using FQDN

  - by Szonja Zemkó

  My Win7 client has a connection to a Linux server and its shared folders. The problem occurs when the computer wakes up after a sleep and then one of the shared folders is not accessible. I receive the following message: Error code: 80070035, The network path was not found. I have problem with one specific folder only. When I restart the computer this problematic folder is accessible again. When I log off before sleep the folder is accessible after wakeup. If I try to access the folder by using the FQDN of the server or the server IP it is also accessible. As a temporary solution I mapped the folder to a network drive using the FQDN and it's working fine but it's inconvenient since every other folder is accessible on the server. To summarize: \server\problematicshare no longer works after resume (the Samba server sees my client connect, then disconnects a few seconds later while I receive the above error message) \server\othershare works after resume \fqdn.of.server\problematicshare always works \ip.of.server\problematicshare always works once the problem manifests, I'm no longer able to restart the "Workstation" service (it is not responding) restarting the "Computer Browser" service has no apparent effect the event log doesn't contain anything that seems relevant "ping server" works

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• Remote Desktop svchost (networkservice) & lsa.exe high cpu usage, hangs on welcome screen

  - by Rohan1

  We have deployed an RDS Farm with 12 virtual RDS servers using Hyper V. Currently some users are not able to log on. After passing credentials to the connection broker, the session hangs on the "Welcome" screen. Using resource monitor we've seen that svchost (with the "networkservice" service) has a CPU usage of 50%, when viewing the wait chain on the process it displays that it's waiting for a lsa.exe to finish. We can't kill any of the users processes, even when trying with taskkill /f. Suspending lsa.exe did work but didn't have any effect. The networkservice also couldn't be restarted. Also, if this happens, the current users logged on to the RDS server can't be displayed. Task manager crashes when viewing the users, RDS service manager crashes when viewing the users (even remotely) and the cmd command "query session" doesn't work. No antivirus is installed on the RDS server. The only thing we can do is rebooting the server, which is not an option because of the fact that other users are in active sessions. Does anyone have ANY idea what's going on? We didn't encounter this in our pre-production setup.

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• Running two graphics cards (non-SLI) to power 3D on two different monitors?

  - by Delameko

  Hi, I'm a bit clueless about this, so excuse my naivety. I have two video cards, a Nvidia 8800 and a GT120, powering three monitors. I run two 3D game instances (two Everquest 2 clients), one on each of my first two monitors. It's been running fine, although sometimes it sounds like the computer is trying to take off. Today I realised that I was actually playing them on the two monitors that are both powered by the 8800. Thinking that I might as well make use of the power of both cards I tried switching the monitor cables over so that each card would be "powering" one of the clients. (Is it silly to assume this is how it works?) This doesn't seem to have had the desired effect, as the client running on the 8800 screen is running worse than it was before. Is it even possible to run two clients on separate GPUs? Is SLI the only way to utilise 2 GPUs? Is there something special I have to do? Or do I have to set the client to use a particular GPU (an option I can't seem to find in EQ2)? I run the clients in window mode if that makes any difference, and I'm running Win 7. Thanks.

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• HP LaserJet 1515: Disable "refill" warning

  - by Pekka

  I have a HP LaserJet 1515 connected to a Windows 7 PC. The Magenta cartridge is empty; the printer shows a warning to that effect, and won't let me print even black-and-white documents any more. I can't turn the warning off manually using the printer's small console: When I try to enter any menu, the display says "Menu access disabled". I have no idea why. There is a setting to override the warning, but it can't be changed using the Network interface in the browser (Although it is there on the status page) According to the manual,the HP printing tool is supposed to offer a switch for this, but it won't install on my Windows 7. It just rumbles about for half an hour, to magnificently exit with an "unknown error" requiring a reboot. On second look, the problem seems to be that Windows 7 just isn't supported. There is no download link for the tool when you specify Windows 7 as your OS. I just want to print a black-and-white-document on a printer whose black cartridge is still 65% full. Is this indeed impossible? On second thought, I'm cross-posting this on the HP support forum. I'll update here if anything comes up.

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• Matched or unmatched drives for RAID arrays?

  - by Will

  Looking around there is conflciting information on this, with some strongly suggesting one or the other. From my understanding the issue with matched drives is that the wear on both drives is more or less the same, so the potential for the second drive failing with or very soon after the first is pretty high. People also claim matched drives give substianatally higher performance however assuming the unmatched drives are more or less the same (eg 2, 1 TB STATA II 7200rpm drives with 32MB cache), would the minor differences between say a Seagate and a Western Digital one (say one has a 128MB/s read rate, and the other a 150MB/s read rate, as well as I guess various other minor differences) actually cause any notable performance loss, ie potentialy worse than two matched 128MB/s drives, or does RAID not really care and give you essentially an optimal solution (eg upto 278MB/s total read speed for RAID 0 and 1) and similar for other RAID with more "unmatched" drives (5 and 1+0 come to mind as possibilities)? Also I couldnt find much info on how this is different on different RAID setups, eg RAID 0 or RAID 1, software or hardware RAID, etc. I'm assuming such things have an effect, and thats it's not all the same for RAID in general?

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• How many iptables block rules is too many

  - by mhost

  We have a server with a Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processor 2378. It acts as our firewall for several servers. I've been asked to block all IPs from China. In a separate network, we have some small VPS machines (256MB and 512MB). I've been asked to block china on those VPS's as well. I've looked online and found lists which requires 4500 block rules. My question is will putting in all 4500 rules be a problem? I know iptables can handle far more rules than that, what I am concerned about is since these are blocks that I don't want to have access to any port, I need to put these rules before any allow. This means all legitimate traffic needs to be compared to all those rules before getting through. Will the traffic be noticeably slower after implementing this? Will those small VPS's be able to handle processing that many rules for every new packet (I'll put an established allow before the blocks)? My question is not How many rules can iptables support?, its about the effect that these rules will have on load and speed. Thanks.

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• How can I document and automate a system's configuration?

  - by Diomidis Spinellis

  Having a system's configuration represented by its current state is risky, inefficient, and opaque. At some point you may be left with an unsupported system and no upgrade path. Then configuring a new system compatible with the old is a process or trial and error. Furthermore, if at some point the system is damaged the only option is to go back to the most recent full backup, and try to remember what changes followed from that point. Also, the only way to create a system compatible with the original is through a complete dump/restore. Finally, in such a setup there's no way to know how you solved a particular problem; the only thing you can do is to look at the corresponding configuration files and try to guess what you changed to achieve the desired effect. Currently for each system I maintain, I keep a log file where I record all system administration activity, starting from the installation: installation options, added packages, changes in configuration files, updates, problem fixes etc. In theory this allows me to (manually) replay all changes to arrive at the current state, or to unroll an erroneous change by executing the reverse commands. However, this process is also inefficient, error-prone, and relies on human judgment. Another thing I've tried is to put /etc configuration files under version control with git. This helps me document the changes automatically and also apply them on a clean setup. But it's not without problems: git has to run under sudo, passwords and private keys may be stored in the repository, installed packages can't be meaningfully tracked, and git will have a fit if I try to extend this approach to all the system's directories. I've also thought about performing all changes through shell scripts or makefiles, but I think this process will require a lot of effort and will be fragile. Are there some better methods or tools that I'm missing?

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