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• Is Python appropriate for algorithms focused on scientific computing?

  - by gmatt

  My interests in programming lie mainly in algorithms, and lately I have seen many reputable researchers write a lot of their code in python. How easy and convenient is python for scientific computing? Does it have a library of algorithms that compares to matlab's? Is Python a scripting language or does it compile? Is it a great language for prototyping an algorithm? How long would it take me to learn enough of it to be productive provided I know C well and OO programming somewhat? Is it OO based? Sorry for the condensed format of questions, but I'm very curious and was hoping a more experienced programmer could help me out.

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• Can I turn off implicit Python unicode conversions to find my mixed-strings bugs?

  - by Tal Weiss

  When profiling our code I was surprised to find millions of calls to C:\Python26\lib\encodings\utf_8.py:15(decode) I started debugging and found that across our code base there are many small bugs, usually comparing a string to a unicode or adding a sting and a unicode. Python graciously decodes the strings and performs the following operations in unicode. How kind. But expensive! I am fluent in unicode, having read Joel Spolsky and Dive Into Python... I try to keep our code internals in unicode only. My question - can I turn off this pythonic nice-guy behavior? At least until I find all these bugs and fix them (usually by adding a u'u')? Some of them are extremely hard to find (a variable that is sometimes a string...). Python 2.6.5 (and I can't switch to 3.x).

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• How do you make Python wait so that you can read the output?

  - by anonnoir

  I've always been a heavy user of Notepad2, as it is fast, feature-rich, and supports syntax highlighting. Recently I've been using it for Python. My problem: when I finish editing a certain Python source code, and try to launch it, the screen disappears before I can see the output pop up. Is there any way for me to make the results wait so that I can read it, short of using an input() or time-delay function? Otherwise I'd have to use IDLE, because of the output that stops for you to read. (My apologies if this question is a silly one, but I'm very new at Python and programming in general.)

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• Running Python code from Java program, shoudl i be doing this?

  - by Space Rocker

  i have a scenario where i draw a network and set all it's paraments on swing based gui, after that i have to translate this network into a python based script which another framework reads and realize this network in the form of virtual machines. As an example have look here: from mininet.topo import Topo, Node class MyTopo( Topo ): def *__init__*( self, enable_all = True ): super( MyTopo, self ).__init__() Host = 1 Switch = 2 self.add_node( Switch, Node( is_switch=True ) ) self.add_node( Host, Node( is_switch=False ) ) self.add_edge( Host, Switch ) self.enable_all() topos = { 'mytopo': ( lambda: MyTopo() ) } It simply connects a host to a switch and realize this topology on mininet framework. Now for now in order to realize the drawn network on java GUI here is what i am doing: I simply take the information from GUI and creates a new python file like the one above using java code and then run this file in mininet, which works fine somehow. I want to know, is this the correct and robust way how i am doing this or should i be looking further into java-python bridge like scenarios to be more effective or so as to say more professional.

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• Is there an easy way in Python to wait until certain condition is true?

  - by Checkers

  I need to wait in a script until a certain number of conditions become true? I know I can roll my own eventing using condition variables and friends, but I don't want to go through all the trouble of implementing it, since some object property changes come from external thread in a wrapped C++ library (Boost.Python), so I can't just hijack __setattr__ in a class and put a condition variable there, which leaves me with either trying to create and signal a Python condition variable from C++, or wrap a native one and wait on it in Python, both of which sound fiddly, needlessly complicated and boring. Is there an easier way to do it, barring continuous polling of the condition? Ideally it would be along the lines of res = wait_until(lambda: some_predicate, timeout) if (not res): print 'timed out'

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• How can I consume a WSDL (SOAP) web service in Python?

  - by DavidM

  I want to use a WSDL SOAP based web service in Python. I have looked at the Dive Into Python code but the SOAPpy module does not work under Python 2.5. I have tried using suds which works partly, but breaks with certain types (suds.TypeNotFound: Type not found: 'item'). I have also looked at Client but this does not appear to support WSDL. And I have looked at ZSI but it looks very complex. Does anyone have any sample code for it? The WSDL is https://ws.pingdom.com/soap/PingdomAPI.wsdl and works fine with the PHP 5 SOAP client.

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• Implementation of a C pre-processor in Python or JavaScript?

  - by grrussel

  Is there a known implementation of the C pre-processor tool implemented either in Python or JavaScript? I am looking for a way to robustly pre-process C (and C like) source code and want to be able to process, for example, conditional compilation and macros without invoking an external CPP tool or native code library. Another potential use case is pre-processing within a web application, within the web browser. So far, I have found implementations in Java, Perl, and of course, C and C again. It may be plausible to use one of the C to JavaScript compilers now becoming available. The PLY (Python Lex and Yacc) tools include a cpp implemented in Python.

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• Is there a way to convert code to a string and vice versa in Python?

  - by Dragos Toader

  The original question was: Is there a way to declare macros in Python as they are declared in C: #define OBJWITHSIZE(_x) (sizeof _x)/(sizeof _x[0]) Here's what I'm trying to find out: Is there a way to avoid code duplication in Python? In one part of a program I'm writing, I have a function: def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) In another part, I've got this code embedded in a string that will later be output to a python file that will itself be run: """ def replaceProgramFilesPath(filenameBr): def getProgramFilesPath(): import os return os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES") + chr(92) return filenameBr.replace("<ProgramFilesPath>",getProgramFilesPath() ) """ How can I build a "macro" that will avoid this duplication?

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• How do I write raw binary data in Python?

  - by Chris B.

  I've got a Python program that stores and writes data to a file. The data is raw binary data, stored internally as str. I'm writing it out through a utf-8 codec. However, I get UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x8d in position 25: character maps to <undefined> in the cp1252.py file. This looks to me like Python is trying to interpret the data using the default code page. But it doesn't have a default code page. That's why I'm using str, not unicode. I guess my questions are: How do I represent raw binary data in memory, in Python? When I'm writing raw binary data out through a codec, how do I encode/unencode it?

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• Can you make a python script behave differently when imported than when run directly?

  - by futuraprime

  I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example: def parseData(filename): # data parsing code here return data def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction(): print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4) the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

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• Python HTTPSConnection.close() does not appear to close the connection?

  - by Dave

  I'm not sure if this is a bug or if I'm just doing something wrong. If I were to do an HTTP connection like this: import httplib http_connection = httplib.HTTPConnection("192.168.192.196") http_connection.request("GET", "/") http_connection.sock.settimeout(20) response = http_connection.getresponse() data = response.read() http_connection.close() Then at a DOS prompt, I do this: netstat -ano | find /i "192.168.192.196:80" | find /i "ESTABLISHED" I get nothing. However, if I do the same thing, but change it to an HTTPSConnection: import httplib http_connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection("192.168.192.196") http_connection.request("GET", "/") http_connection.sock.settimeout(20) response = http_connection.getresponse() data = response.read() http_connection.close() Then do this: netstat -ano | find /i "192.168.192.196:443" | find /i "ESTABLISHED" I will actually see that the connection remains established until I actually ^Z out of the Python shell. This is happening in one of the applications I'm responsible for. Python isn't actually hanging there - it's simply leaving the connection open. Am I doing something wrong here? Do I need extra code to close the HTTPS connection? This is Python 2.6.4, btw.

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• Is it faster to loop through a Python set of number or a set of letters?

  - by Scott Bartell

  Is it faster to loop through a Python set of numbers or a Python set of letters given that each set is the exact same length and each item within each set is the same length? Why? I would think that there would be a difference because letters have more possible characters [a-zA-Z] than numbers [0-9] and therefor would be more 'random' and likely affect the hashing to some extent. numbers = set([00000,00001,00002,00003,00004,00005, ... 99999]) letters = set(['aaaaa','aaaab','aaaac','aaaad', ... 'aaabZZ']) # this is just an example, it does not actually end here for item in numbers: do_something() for item in letters: do_something() where len(numbers) == len(letters) Update: I am interested in Python's specific hashing algorithm and what happens behind the scenes with this implementation.

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• What c# equivalent encoding does Python's hash.digest() use ?

  - by The_AlienCoder

  I am trying to port a python program to c#. Here is the line that's supposed to be a walkthrough but is currently tormenting me: hash = hashlib.md5(inputstring).digest() After generating a similar MD5 hash in c# It is absolutely vital that I create a similar hash string as the original python program or my whole application will fail. My confusion lies in which encoding to use when converting to string in c# i.e ?Encoding enc = new ?Encoding(); string Hash =enc.GetString(HashBytes); //HashBytes is my generated hash Because I am unable to create two similar hashes when using Encoding.Default i.e string Hash = Encoding.Default.GetString(HashBytes); So I'm thinking knowing the deafult hash.digest() encoding for python would help

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• Python wrapper for Google Maps making Google App Engine crash?

  - by user1679332

  I am currently trying to build a web app using Google App Engine that will involve using the Google Maps API. Since I am coding in python, I tried importing the python wrapper for Google Maps (found here); however, performing the import will cause my web app to crash. Are there any suggestions for how I can fix this problem? I'm guessing the crash might have something to do with the fact that I need to incorporate the google maps python wrapper into my application, but how do I go about doing that? Thanks!

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• Has anyone ever had OpenCV to work with Python on MacOS?

  - by ?????

  I've been trying on and off for the past 6 months to get OpenCV to work with Python on MacOS. Every time there's a new release, I try again and fail. I've tried both 64-bit and 32-bit, and both the xcode gcc and gcc installed via macports. I just spend the past two days on it, hopeful that the latest OpenCV release, that appears to include Python support directly would work. It doesn't. I've also tried and failed to use this: http://code.google.com/p/pyopencv/ I've been using OpenCV with C++ or Microsoft C++/CLI for the past few years, but I'd love to use it with Python on a Mac because that is my primary development environment. I'd love to hear from anyone who's actually done this.

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• Subprocess statement works in python console but not work in Serverdensity plugin?

  - by maxigs

  in the python console the following statement works perfectly fine (i guess using eval that way is not really good, but its just for testing purpose in this case and will be replaced with proper parsing) $ python >>> import subprocess >>> r = subprocess.Popen(['/home/kupferwerk/sd-agent-plugins/plugin1.rb'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True).communicate()[0] >>> data = eval(r) >>> data {'test': 1} when i convert this into a Serverdensity plugin however it keeps crashing the agent.py daemon everytime it executes the plugin. i was able to narrow it down to the subprocess line but could not find out why. exception catching did not seem to work also. here how the plugin looks like: class plugin1: def run(self): r = subprocess.Popen(['/pathto/plugin1.rb'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True).communicate()[0] data = eval(r) return data I'm quite new to work with python and cant really figure out why this wont work. Thanks a lot for ideas :)

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• How exactly can Python compliment your C# skills for windows based development?

  - by JL

  I'm looking for a fun challenge, and am thinking about learning Python. I've heard really good things about the language. My question is, how (if at all) can Python compliment the skills of a typical C# developer working mainly with MS technologies on a Windows Platform. Some examples of typical C# dev on windows would be (SOA applications, web applications, windows services, automation, xml handling) Surely there must be some scenarios where knowing Python would help you get certain tasks done quicker or more efficiently than using traditional C# / MS technologies. If you know of any specific scenarios, then please share. And lastly should this question be a community wiki?

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• [Python] Help me : how i can deal with web page !

  - by Str1k3r

  hello every one... am looking for modules or functions let's me joins in id web !!!! i mean like i told python go to hotmail.com then go to signup ! how i can do that i mean how i can tell python go to hotmail.com then find some thing called signup in source page then i tell him join to him ....etc i hope you understand my idea ! ** am thinking on urllib2 .. maybe it's can do that? am just new in python

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• Any way to assign terminal output to variable with python?

  - by Gordon Fontenot

  I need to grab the duration of a video file via python as part of a larger script. I know I can use ffmpeg to grab the duration, but I need to be able to save that output as a variable back in python. I thought this would work, but it's giving me a value of 0: cmd = 'ffmpeg -i %s 2>&1 | grep "Duration" | cut -d \' \' -f 4 | sed s/,//' % ("Video.mov") duration = os.system(cmd) print duration Am I doing the output redirect wrong? Or is there simply no way to pipe the terminal output back into python?

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• In Python what's the best way to emulate Perl's __END__?

  - by FM

  Am I correct in thinking that that Python doesn't have a direct equivalent for Perl's __END__? print "Perl...\n"; __END__ End of code. I can put anything I want here. One thought that occurred to me was to use a triple-quoted string. Is there a better way to achieve this in Python? print "Python..." """ End of code. I can put anything I want here. """

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• how to create english language dictionary application with python (django)?

  - by sintaloo

  Hi All, I would like to create an online dictionary application by using python (or with django). It will be similar to http://dictionary.reference.com/. My question is (1) Are there any existing open source python package or modules or application which implements this functionality that I can use or study from? (2) If the answer to the first question is NO. which algorithm should I follow to create such web application? Can I simply use the python built-in dictionary object for this job? so that the dictionary object's key will be the english word and the value will be the explanation. is this OK in term of performance? OR Do I have to create my own Tree Object to speed up the search? or any existing package which handles this job properly? Thank you very much.

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• Is there a way to write a Python script that creates and executes code?

  - by KaliMa

  Is there a way in Python to create Python code inside the Python script and then execute/test it? My function has the following type of form (as an example) def f(n): if n<=3: return [0, 0, 6, 12][n] return 2*f(n-1) - 4*f(n-2) - 5*f(n-3) + 15*f(n-4) But I want to be able to create these kinds of functions dynamically (or any arbitrary function for that matter) and then test their outputs during runtime (as opposed to copying/pasting this function into the script and then manually testing it). Not sure if this makes sense, please ask for elaboration if needed. I've already looked into eval and exec but couldn't get them to work with entire function definitions, just basic statements like 1+2, etc.

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• Terminal OS X Error when using Python

  - by Stephen

  Hey, I'm trying to learn how to program so I've installed the latest version of Python and I've been following the Byte of Python tutorial. I'm using Textwrangler I've only gotten as far as the simple "Hello World" intro and I'm already having a problem. I type out the code (just without the ""): "#!/usr/bin/python" "#Filename: helloworld.py" "print('Hello World')" and save it to my desktop as helloworld.py. I then go into terminal and type "python3 helloworld.py" and I get the following error message: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python: can't open file 'helloworld.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory I was hoping someone could tell me what I'm doing wrong. If I choose to run the script from Textwrangler it operates just fine however I'm not able to access it from the Terminal. Thanks so much!

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• Make mod_wsgi use python2.7.2 instead of python2.6?

  - by guron

  i am running Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS and it came pre-packed with python2.6 but i need to replace it with python2.7.2. (The reason is simple, 2.7 has a lot of features backported from 3 ) i had installed python2.7.2 using ./configure make make altinstall the altinstall option installed it, without touching the system default version, to /usr/local/lib/python2.7 and placed the interpreter in /usr/local/bin/python2.7 Then to help mod_wsgi find python2.7 i added the following to /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgisite WSGIPythonHome /usr/local i start apache and run a test wsgi app BUT i am greeted by python 2.6.5 and not Python2.7 Later i replaced the default python simlink to point to python 2.7 ln -f /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python Now typing 'python' on the console opens python2.7 but somehow mod_wsgi still picks up python2.6 Next i tried, PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH export PATH then do a quick restart apache, but yet again its python2.6 !! Here is my $PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games contents of /etc/apache2/sites-available/wsgisite WSGIPythonHome /usr/local <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName wsgitest.local DocumentRoot /home/wwwhost/pydocs/wsgi <Directory /home/wwwhost/pydocs/wsgi> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> WSGIScriptAlias / /home/wwwhost/pydocs/wsgi/app.wsgi </VirtualHost> app.wsgi import sys def application(environ, start_response): status = '200 OK' output = sys.version response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))] start_response(status, response_headers) return [output] Apache error.log 'import site' failed; use -v for traceback [Sun Jun 19 00:27:21 2011] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=23235): Initializing Python. [Sun Jun 19 00:27:21 2011] [notice] Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu) mod_wsgi/2.8 Python/2.6.5 configured -- resuming normal operations [Sun Jun 19 00:27:21 2011] [info] Server built: Nov 18 2010 21:20:56 [Sun Jun 19 00:27:21 2011] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=23238): Attach interpreter ''. [Sun Jun 19 00:27:21 2011] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=23239): Attach interpreter ''. [Sun Jun 19 00:27:31 2011] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=23238): Create interpreter 'wsgitest.local|'. [Sun Jun 19 00:27:31 2011] [info] [client 192.168.1.205] mod_wsgi (pid=23238, process='', application='wsgitest.local|'): Loading WSGI script '/home/wwwhost/pydocs/$ [Sun Jun 19 00:27:50 2011] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=23239): Create interpreter 'wsgitest.local|'. Has anybody ever managed to make mod_wsgi run on a non-system default version of python ?

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• Scrolling when idle?

  - by Julie

  Can anyone point me to an example of code for a page that begins to automatically scroll when the user is idle for an amount of time? I think this is slightly beyond my skill set. I think JQuery or something similar might be appropriate but I just can't seem to figure it out. I'm designing a site for the nonprofit I work for and we don't have the money to hire a programmer. I wouldn't ask anyone to code anything for me, just to point me in the right direction. Thank you so much. Julie K.

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