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  • Can you figure out the password hashing scheme?

    - by Adal
    I have two passwords and two resulting hashes. I can't figure out how the hash is derived from the password. I don't know if salting is used. I don't know if the password is hashed as a integer value or as a string (possibly Unicode). Password: 6770 Hash: c12114b91a3841c143bbeb121693e80b Password: 9591 Hash: 25238d578b6a61c2c54bfe55742984c1 The hash length seems to suggest MD5. Anybody has any ideas what I could try? Note: This is not for hacking purposes. I'm trying to access a service through an API instead of it's desktop client, and I can't figure out how to compute the password hash. Currently instead of using my real password I'm sending directly the hash.

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  • How to securely pass credit card information between pages in PHP

    - by Alex
    How do you securely pass credit card information between pages in PHP? I am building an ecommerce application and I would like to have the users to go through the checkout like this: Enter Information - Review - Finalize Order Problem is that I am not sure on how to safely pass credit information from when the user inputs them to when I process it (at the Finalize Order step). I heard using sessions is insecure, even with encryption. Any help would be appreciated!

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  • Integrating 3rd-party forum software to member-based website

    - by john
    When using some existing forum software in a larger web-site, how easy is it to: 1)Make your site's login functionality log the user into the forum 2)Make your site's registration functionality create forum login data I suppose in a way it might be easier to ONLY use the forum's database for maintaining users, but that means trusting it with sensitive data. I'm planning an integration between an existing bespoke desktop app and a new bespoke web-site which should include forums. I don't know which forums will be used but I know the new web functionality won't be PHP-based. I figure that's not a big deal but I'm wondering if forums typically allow configuration of where they look for login data, to avoid duplicating this data into my DB and the forum DB.

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  • Implementing password hashing/salting algorithm from crackstation.net

    - by Mason240
    I am trying to implement a password hashing/salting algorithm from crackstation.net, but I am unsure how implement it. Storing the password upon user registration seems to be as simple as passing the password into create_hash(). $password = create_hash($_POST['Password']; I'm not following how to validate upon user login. validate_password($password, $good_hash) returns either true or false, and takes $password as parameter, so it seems like a no brainer except for the second parameter $good_hash. Where does this param come from? It is my understanding that password is turned into a hash value every time its used, and that the hash value is what is stored and compared. So why would I have both the $password and $good_hash values? Quick overview of the functions: function create_hash($password){ calls pbkdf2() } function validate_password($password, $good_hash){ calls pbkdf2() calls slow_equals() } function slow_equals($a, $b){ } function pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false){ } Of course a different, better method for this would also be just as helpful. Thank you

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  • Running shell scripts with sudo through my web app

    - by nfm
    I have some functionality that interfaces with the server's OS in my web application. I've written a bash script and am able to run it from within my app. However, some functionality of the script requires superuser privileges. What is the most sane way to run this script securely? It is being passed arguments from a web form, but should only be able to be called by authenticated users that I trust not to haxxor it.

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  • Safe executing shell scripts; escaping vars before execution.

    - by Kirzilla
    Hello, Let's imagine that we have a simple php script that should get ssh_host, ssh_username, ssh_port from $_GET array and try to connect using this parameters to SSH. $port = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_port']); $host = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_host']); $username = escapeshellcmd($_GET['ssh_username']); $answer = shell_exec("ssh -p " . $port . " " . $user . "@" . $host); Is escapeshellcmd() enough or I need something more tricky? Or maybe I should use escapeshellarg() in this example? Thank you.

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  • How do you protect your software from illegal distribution?

    - by petr k.
    I am curious about how do you protect your software against cracking, hacking etc. Do you employ some kind of serial number check? Hardware keys? Do you use any third-party solutions? How do you go about solving licensing issues? (e.g. managing floating licenses) EDIT: I'm not talking any open source, but strictly commercial software distribution...

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  • Asp.net membership salt?

    - by chobo2
    Hi Does anyone know how Asp.net membership generates their salt key and then how they encode it(ie is it salt + password or password + salt)? I am using sha1 with my membership but I would like to recreate the same salts so the built in membership stuff could hash the stuff the same way as my stuff can. Thanks Edit 2 Never Mind I mis read it and was thinking it said bytes not bit. So I was passing in 128 bytes not 128bits. Edit I been trying to make it so this is what I have public string EncodePassword(string password, string salt) { byte[] bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(password); byte[] src = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(salt); byte[] dst = new byte[src.Length + bytes.Length]; Buffer.BlockCopy(src, 0, dst, 0, src.Length); Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, dst, src.Length, bytes.Length); HashAlgorithm algorithm = HashAlgorithm.Create("SHA1"); byte[] inArray = algorithm.ComputeHash(dst); return Convert.ToBase64String(inArray); } private byte[] createSalt(byte[] saltSize) { byte[] saltBytes = saltSize; RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider(); rng.GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes); return saltBytes; } So I have not tried to see if the asp.net membership will recognize this yet the hashed password looks close. I just don't know how to convert it to base64 for the salt. I did this byte[] storeSalt = createSalt(new byte[128]); string salt = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(storeSalt); string base64Salt = Convert.ToBase64String(storeSalt); int test = base64Salt.Length; Test length is 172 what is well over the 128bits so what am I doing wrong? This is what their salt looks like vkNj4EvbEPbk1HHW+K8y/A== This is what my salt looks like E9oEtqo0livLke9+csUkf2AOLzFsOvhkB/NocSQm33aySyNOphplx9yH2bgsHoEeR/aw/pMe4SkeDvNVfnemoB4PDNRUB9drFhzXOW5jypF9NQmBZaJDvJ+uK3mPXsWkEcxANn9mdRzYCEYCaVhgAZ5oQRnnT721mbFKpfc4kpI=

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  • How can one make a web-site accessible only when someone has a dongle?

    - by Brian M. Hunt
    Suppose you want to add an extra layer of credentials on top of a SSL-encrypted login/password, but you don't want to increase complexity to the user. Is there a way to add the requirement of the possession of a dongle to web-server authentication schemes with existing cross-platform browser capabilities? In other words, to get access to the web-site, you would need a username, password, and a USB dongle that has been plugged into the client computer. The dongle would presumably do some sort of challenge/response. It'd be ideal if this dongle solution worked with Firefox automatically or with the simple addition of a plugin. Thoughts and suggestions are appreciated.

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  • standard encryption decryption across different platforms

    - by Raj
    hey guys i need to implement a standard encryption decryption logic across an entire project platform which has different clients implemented using different platforms as follows: 1) iphone app (objectiv c) 2) website (classic asp) 3) webservice (asp.net) the iphone app as well as the website need to send info to webservice using encrypted query strings the web service then decrypts this and processes the info further wanted to know the simplest way to achieve this. is there some free and ready to use binary available with an easy to use api to achieve this? encryption needs to be as secure as possible thnx in advance

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  • How should I protect against hard link attacks?

    - by Thomas
    I want to append data to a file in /tmp. If the file doesn't exist I want to create it I don't care if someone else owns the file. The data is not secret. I do not want someone to be able to race-condition this into writing somewhere else, or to another file. What is the best way to do this? Here's my thought: fd = open("/tmp/some-benchmark-data.txt", O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_WRONLY, 0644); fstat(fd, &st); if (st.st_nlink != 1) { HARD LINK ATTACK! } What's the right way? Besides not using a world-writable directory.

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  • Is using os.path.abspath to validate an untrusted filename's location secure?

    - by mcmt
    I don't think I'm missing anything. Then again I'm kind of a newbie. def GET(self, filename): name = urllib.unquote(filename) full = path.abspath(path.join(STATIC_PATH, filename)) #Make sure request is not tricksy and tries to get out of #the directory, e.g. filename = "../.ssh/id_rsa". GET OUTTA HERE assert full[:len(STATIC_PATH)] == STATIC_PATH, "bad path" return open(full).read() Edit: I realize this will return the wrong HTTP error code if the file doesn't exist (at least under web.py). I will fix this.

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  • .Net 2.0 ServiceController.GetServices()

    - by Miles
    I've got a website that has windows authentication enable on it. From a page in the website, the users have the ability to start a service that does some stuff with the database. It works fine for me to start the service because I'm a local admin on the server. But I just had a user test it and they can't get the service started. My question is: Does anyone know of a way to get a list of services on a specified computer by name using a different windows account than the one they are currently logged in with? I really don't want to add all the users that need to start the service into a windows group and set them all to a local admin on my IIS server..... Here's some of the code I've got: public static ServiceControllerStatus FindService() { ServiceControllerStatus status = ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped; try { string machineName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceMachineName"]; ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices(machineName); string serviceName = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServiceName"].ToLower(); foreach (ServiceController service in services) { if (service.ServiceName.ToLower() == serviceName) { status = service.Status; break; } } } catch(Exception ex) { status = ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped; SaveError(ex, "Utilities - FindService()"); } return status; } My exception comes from the second line in the try block. Here's the error: System.InvalidOperationException: Cannot open Service Control Manager on computer 'server.domain.com'. This operation might require other privileges. --- System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception: Access is denied --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController.GetDataBaseHandleWithAccess(String machineName, Int32 serviceControlManaqerAccess) at System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController.GetServicesOfType(String machineName, Int32 serviceType) at TelemarketingWebSite.Utilities.StartService() Thanks for the help/info

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  • Execute binary from memory in C# .net with binary protected from a 3rd party software

    - by NoobTom
    i've the following scenario: i've a C# application.exe i pack application.exe inside TheMida, a software anti-piracy/reverse engineering. i encrypt application.exe with aes256. (i wrote my own aes encryption/decryption and it is working) Now, when i want to execute my application i do the following: decrypt application.exe in memory execute the application.exe with the following code: BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(decOutput); byte[] bin = br.ReadBytes(Convert.ToInt32(decOutput.Length)); decOutput.Close(); br.Close(); // load the bytes into Assembly Assembly a = Assembly.Load(bin); // search for the Entry Point MethodInfo method = a.EntryPoint; if (method != null) { // create an istance of the Startup form Main method object o = a.CreateInstance(method.Name); // invoke the application starting point method.Invoke(o, null); the application does not execute correctly. Now, the problem i think, is that this method is only to execute .NET executable. Since i packed my application.exe inside TheMida this does not work. Is there a workaround to this situation? Any suggestion? Thank you in advance.

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  • Please Critique this PHP Login Script

    - by NightMICU
    Greetings, A site I developed was recently compromised, most likely by a brute force or Rainbow Table attack. The original log-in script did not have a SALT, passwords were stored in MD5. Below is an updated script, complete with SALT and IP address banning. In addition, it will send a Mayday email & SMS and disable the account should the same IP address or account attempt 4 failed log-ins. Please look it over and let me know what could be improved, what is missing, and what is just plain strange. Many thanks! <?php //Start session session_start(); //Include DB config include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/includes/pdo_conn.inc.php'; //Error message array $errmsg_arr = array(); $errflag = false; //Function to sanitize values received from the form. Prevents SQL injection function clean($str) { $str = @trim($str); if(get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $str = stripslashes($str); } return $str; } //Define a SALT, the one here is for demo define('SALT', '63Yf5QNA'); //Sanitize the POST values $login = clean($_POST['login']); $password = clean($_POST['password']); //Encrypt password $encryptedPassword = md5(SALT . $password); //Input Validations //Obtain IP address and check for past failed attempts $ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; $checkIPBan = $db->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ip_ban WHERE ipAddr = ? OR login = ?"); $checkIPBan->execute(array($ip_address, $login)); $numAttempts = $checkIPBan->fetchColumn(); //If there are 4 failed attempts, send back to login and temporarily ban IP address if ($numAttempts == 1) { $getTotalAttempts = $db->prepare("SELECT attempts FROM ip_ban WHERE ipAddr = ? OR login = ?"); $getTotalAttempts->execute(array($ip_address, $login)); $totalAttempts = $getTotalAttempts->fetch(); $totalAttempts = $totalAttempts['attempts']; if ($totalAttempts >= 4) { //Send Mayday SMS $to = "[email protected]"; $subject = "Banned Account - $login"; $mailheaders = 'From: [email protected]' . "\r\n"; $mailheaders .= 'Reply-To: [email protected]' . "\r\n"; $mailheaders .= 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n"; $mailheaders .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1' . "\r\n"; $msg = "<p>IP Address - " . $ip_address . ", Username - " . $login . "</p>"; mail($to, $subject, $msg, $mailheaders); $setAccountBan = $db->query("UPDATE ip_ban SET isBanned = 1 WHERE ipAddr = '$ip_address'"); $setAccountBan->execute(); $errmsg_arr[] = 'Too Many Login Attempts'; $errflag = true; } } if($login == '') { $errmsg_arr[] = 'Login ID missing'; $errflag = true; } if($password == '') { $errmsg_arr[] = 'Password missing'; $errflag = true; } //If there are input validations, redirect back to the login form if($errflag) { $_SESSION['ERRMSG_ARR'] = $errmsg_arr; session_write_close(); header('Location: http://somewhere.com/login.php'); exit(); } //Query database $loginSQL = $db->prepare("SELECT password FROM user_control WHERE username = ?"); $loginSQL->execute(array($login)); $loginResult = $loginSQL->fetch(); //Compare passwords if($loginResult['password'] == $encryptedPassword) { //Login Successful session_regenerate_id(); //Collect details about user and assign session details $getMemDetails = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM user_control WHERE username = ?"); $getMemDetails->execute(array($login)); $member = $getMemDetails->fetch(); $_SESSION['SESS_MEMBER_ID'] = $member['user_id']; $_SESSION['SESS_USERNAME'] = $member['username']; $_SESSION['SESS_FIRST_NAME'] = $member['name_f']; $_SESSION['SESS_LAST_NAME'] = $member['name_l']; $_SESSION['SESS_STATUS'] = $member['status']; $_SESSION['SESS_LEVEL'] = $member['level']; //Get Last Login $_SESSION['SESS_LAST_LOGIN'] = $member['lastLogin']; //Set Last Login info $updateLog = $db->prepare("UPDATE user_control SET lastLogin = DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR), ip_addr = ? WHERE user_id = ?"); $updateLog->execute(array($ip_address, $member['user_id'])); session_write_close(); //If there are past failed log-in attempts, delete old entries if ($numAttempts > 0) { //Past failed log-ins from this IP address. Delete old entries $deleteIPBan = $db->prepare("DELETE FROM ip_ban WHERE ipAddr = ?"); $deleteIPBan->execute(array($ip_address)); } if ($member['level'] != "3" || $member['status'] == "Suspended") { header("location: http://somewhere.com"); } else { header('Location: http://somewhere.com'); } exit(); } else { //Login failed. Add IP address and other details to ban table if ($numAttempts < 1) { //Add a new entry to IP Ban table $addBanEntry = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO ip_ban (ipAddr, login, attempts) VALUES (?,?,?)"); $addBanEntry->execute(array($ip_address, $login, 1)); } else { //increment Attempts count $updateBanEntry = $db->prepare("UPDATE ip_ban SET ipAddr = ?, login = ?, attempts = attempts+1 WHERE ipAddr = ? OR login = ?"); $updateBanEntry->execute(array($ip_address, $login, $ip_address, $login)); } header('Location: http://somewhere.com/login.php'); exit(); } ?>

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  • My site was recently attacked. What do I do?

    - by ChrisH
    This is a first for me. One of the sites I run was recently attacked. Not at all an intelligent attack - pure brute force - hit every page and every non-page with every extension possible. Posted with garbage data to every form and tried to post to some random urls too. All tod, 16000 requests in one hour. What should I do to prevent/alert this kind of behavior? Is there a way to limit the request/hr for a given ip/client? Is there a place I should be reporting the user to? They appear to be from China and did leave what seems like a valid e-mail.

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  • Can this be imporved? Scrubing of dangerous html tags.

    - by chobo2
    Hi I been finding that for something that I consider pretty import there is very little information or libraries on how to deal with this problem. I found this while searching. I really don't know all the million ways that a hacker could try to insert the dangerous tags. I have a rich html editor so I need to keep non dangerous tags but strip out bad ones. So is this script missing anything? It uses html agility pack. public string ScrubHTML(string html) { HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); //Remove potentially harmful elements HtmlNodeCollection nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//script|//link|//iframe|//frameset|//frame|//applet|//object|//embed"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node, false); } } //remove hrefs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("href", "#"); } } //remove img with refs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("src", "#"); } } //remove on<Event> handlers from all tags nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[@onclick or @onmouseover or @onfocus or @onblur or @onmouseout or @ondoubleclick or @onload or @onunload]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("onFocus"); node.Attributes.Remove("onBlur"); node.Attributes.Remove("onClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOver"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOut"); node.Attributes.Remove("onDoubleClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onLoad"); node.Attributes.Remove("onUnload"); } } // remove any style attributes that contain the word expression (IE evaluates this as script) nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[contains(translate(@style, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'expression')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("stYle"); } } return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); }

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  • javascript on twitter to prevent embedding the html page.

    - by Reginald
    This is the javascript that you can find in www.twitter.com (just click to see the source code) I have just reformatted it for clarity: if (window.top !== window.self) { document.write = ""; window.top.location = window.self.location; setTimeout(function() { document.body.innerHTML = ''; }, 1); window.self.onload = function(evt) { document.body.innerHTML = ''; }; } now I understand this trick is to prevent other sites to wrap twitter in other iframes. but what I want to ask is do we really need all of this code ? what's the need of setting a function to execute in 1 millisecond, one to execute at 'onload' and one now. is that paranoia or is it really worth ? Many THanks in advance Reg

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  • How to write mod_security friendly PHP code?

    - by KPL
    Hello people, I made a theme in WordPress which hit the mod_security rule on HostGator and gave 403 error. I contacted people there(at HostGator) and they fixed it for me. But I don't want my theme to work like this. I just wanted to know if there are any guides/blog post/tutorials telling about writing PHP code which is mod_security friendly? I tried Google, but didn't find anything helpful.

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  • Is it safe to put reference to current user in User model in Rails?

    - by Art Shayderov
    You know, I think I have to check current user in the model callbacks (like before_update). Rather than rely solely on adding where ('something.user_id = ?', 'current_user.id') in the controllers. I need something like Thread.CurrentPrincipal in .NET Is it safe to put reference to current user in User model? I'm sorry I don't really understand how it works under the hood yet. Or how you do it The Rails way? Sorry if this a silly question.

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  • How do API Keys and Secret Keys work?

    - by viatropos
    I am just starting to think about how api keys and secret keys work. Just 2 days ago I signed up for Amazon S3 and installed the S3Fox Plugin. They asked me for both my Access Key and Secret Access Key, both of which require me to login to access. So I'm wondering, if they're asking me for my secret key, they must be storing it somewhere right? Isn't that basically the same thing as asking me for my credit card numbers or password and storing that in their own database? How are secret keys and api keys supposed to work? How secret do they need to be? Are these applications that use the secret keys storing it somehow? Thanks for the insight.

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