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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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• Hard drive trouble trying to recover data

  - by DEmetria

  How to get my information off my old hard drive to my new one So I wanna know can anyone help me Laptop stop working and have me a hard disk error I finally got it to boot up again after playing with it, and I tried to copy my stuff and it froze on me and hasn't booted since Bought another hard drive and ended up making an image of my friends computer but couldn't get my stuff off my old drive so I tried the freezer method now and I put it in for two hours and it didn't boot but I'm putting it back in for 12hrs So my end result is I just wanna get my drive up enough to create an image of my CPU to my new hard drive and is there another way I could do it if my hard drive won't boot!! But here's the kickers when I made the image of my friends computerized up loaded it to the new hard drive and I have my old hard drive plugged up to an USB enclosure so I need help. Thanks in advance!!!

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• Windows installation repair option not showing up

  - by Carl

  I'm trying to repair an existing Windows XP installation. Following the instructions from http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/helpandsupport/learnmore/tips/doug92.mspx this should work: When the Press any key to boot from CD message is displayed on your screen, press a key to start your computer from the Windows XP CD. Press ENTER when you see the message To setup Windows XP now, and then press ENTER displayed on the Welcome to Setup screen. Do not choose the option to press R to use the Recovery Console. In the Windows XP Licensing Agreement, press F8 to agree to the license agreement. Make sure that your current installation of Windows XP is selected in the box, and then press R to repair Windows XP. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete Setup. On step 5 pressing R does nothing and there is nothing on the screen saying it would. When I just select to install I get a message that a previous installation is there and proceeding will destroy it and installed applications, I can optionally select a directory other than c:\windows, and I can optionally format before continuing. I had tried to go from SP2-SP3. It failed, and then I couldn't get to Safe Mode. I put the SP1 disk back in to do a repair, and I don't see that option. (I don't have an SP2 boot/install disk, I just have the non-boot upgrade package.) UPDATE: Upon loading the Recovery Console, I get a message saying The system registry does not appear to have an active ControlSet key. The system registry may be damaged. You can try restarting it with the Last Known Good configuration or you can try repairing the installation of Windows using the setup program's repair and recovery options. I then did bootcfg /scan - "successful" ... Total installs: 1 ... [1] c:\windows - with the c:\windows command prompt below it. bootcfg /list gives [1] Windows XP Pro; OS Load Options /noexecute=optin /fastdetect; OS Location: c:\windows I followed the instructions at http://michaelstevenstech.com/XPrepairinstall.htm - "Warning 2" link copy E:\i386\ntldr C:\ copy E:\i386\ntdetect.com C:\ attrib -h -r -s C:\boot.ini del C:\boot.ini BootCfg /Rebuild I added /fastdetect when it asked for options. I re-ran Windows setup - no change - no repair option. UPDATE: I followed the procedure at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;307545 I rebooted. I now get a quick message on bootup to select the boot - 1: [blank] ; Windows XP Professional ; Windows Recover Console. The "1: " is new. The rest is the way it was when all was okay. Selecting 1: and the next one gives the same result - I get to a login icon, and then it asks for a password, with the blinking cursor, but I can't type anything. I reboot with the Windows CD. Now I see a repair option for installation "1: " I selected R on that, and it did "Setup is copying files..." and rebooted when it was done. Then it booted, and I got a window saying "Setup will complete in approximately 39 minutes." That's where I am now. I wasn't expecting this last part - I did a repair several months ago and I don't recall that. UPDATE: Booted up. Asked if I wanted to register Windows online. All my icons are there, and the old desktop documents. Good. All the applications I tried from the Start Menu work (tested a few), except Corel Photopaint - I get registry entry not found errors. Windows ran for a while, then froze. The mouse and keyboard don't work. Pressing the power button got Windows to shut down. I probably need to put SP2 on it, and then all the updates for my laptop for XP Pro SP2 (drivers), there's a bunch. The mouse and keyboard quit working again. That wasn't a problem when I first set up this laptop. I've ran 4 times now. Two mouse/keyboards hangs by pressing Ctrl-C (to copy text from a notepad document), and two by selecting Start-Run (wasn't able to type anything in the box).

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• linux build iso error

  - by Neil

  i played with linux customization and when i want to build the iso back i get this error: $ mkisofs -r -o rhel.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat ./ INFO: UTF-8 character encoding detected by locale settings. Assuming UTF-8 encoded filenames on source filesystem, use -input-charset to override. Unknown file type (unallocated) ./.. - ignoring and continuing. Using RELEA000.HTM;1 for /RELEASE-NOTES-pt_BR.html (RELEASE-NOTES-U1-pt_BR.html) Size of boot image is 20 sectors -> mkisofs: Error - boot image './isolinux/isolinux.bin' has not an allowable size. i didnt change the isolinux.bin why i ahve this error?

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• Gentoo baselayout-2 problem with module parameters

  - by Alakdae

  I recently switched to baselayout-2 on my Gentoo machine but I have one problem. I autoload a module bttv with paramater: card=77,77 The problem is that at boot the module is loaded without the parameter which makes the video feed useless. I cannot find the cause because the funny thing is that when I put an echo in /etc/init.d/modules to see what is passed to modprobe, this is what I got: szymanowicz ~ # /etc/init.d/modules restart * WARNING: you are stopping a boot service * Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ] * Loading module bttv ... bttv card=77,77 [ ok ] * Autoloaded 1 module(s) It indicates that everything is OK, but dmesg shows that at boot time there are no parameters. bttv0: using: *** UNKNOWN/GENERIC *** [card=0,autodetected] ... bttv1: using: *** UNKNOWN/GENERIC *** [card=0,autodetected] Whereas when I run it manually I get: bttv0: using: GrandTec Multi Capture Card (Bt878) [card=77,insmod option] ... bttv1: using: GrandTec Multi Capture Card (Bt878) [card=77,insmod option] Please help me because reloading the modules every time there is a reboot is very anoying (not many reboots, but I need to remember about the module)

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• Third monitor randomly defaults to 640 x 480 on startup

  - by andybaird

  I purchased a PowerColor HD 5770 video card so I could get a third monitor working. I have two widescreen monitors, one attached via HDMI and the other attached via DVI. My third monitor is attached from DisplayPort to VGA (using a passive connector like this one) The third monitor is a 19" Hyundai L90D. I was unable to find any Windows 7 (or Vista for that matter) drivers for the monitor, so it's stuck with "Generic Non-PNP Monitor". It's native resolution is 1280 x 1024. Randomly Windows will boot up in the correct native res, but sometimes it boots up in 640 x 480 res. When it does boot up into 640 x 480 res, the screen resolution slider is stuck and I cannot slide it back to 1280 x 1024. I cannot find a pattern for when or why it will do this, I've tried rebooting five or six times in a row at times to get it to boot into native res, but this doesn't always work.

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• safeboot and wubi

  - by G S

  Hi, Having read various posts it seems clear that installing Wubi on a machine which already has safeboot installed with disk encryption is a non-starter at the moment - nor is repartitioning the disk it would seem. However while the c: partion is encrypted - it has an NTFS formatted q: partition that is not encrypted and has about 4GB free - so I was wondering if there was any way to install WUBI using that partion. Obvisouly stil need a means of booting into it without stuffing my safeboot booting mechanism. I'm thinking that this should be possible as the safeboot booting mechanism will get me to the boot choice options and thereafter all references in the boot.ini entry for the wubi installtion should be to files on the non-encrypted NTFS partion and so it should be OK and not attempt any changes to my envrypted c: partion (other than adding the extra entry to boot.ini) ? any thoughts? ta

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• Upgrading Windows 8 Consumer Preview to Release Preview

  - by user1407016

  I currently have my main hard drive split into two partitions. One being Windows 7 with about 600 GB of memory, the other Windows 8 Consumer Preview with about 50 GB. As you can guess it is set up for a dual boot. Today while looking up how to get the C# Facebook SDK for Metro apps I learned about the Release Preview being released. I was wondering: How do I go about getting rid of Windows 8 Consumer Preview and replacing it with the Release Preview? I know i can't just wipe it off my second partition because the dual boot uses Windows 8 to choose the operating system to boot.

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• Recover backup copy of a ubuntu linux installation on a usb stick using dd

  - by user10826

  Hi, I installed Ubuntu 10.04 on a usb stick in persistent install mode. So I could boot the laptop or my desktop computer with the stick, at boot time. Once I needed the 8GB stick for another purposes so I thought about coyping it to my desktop doing from mac os x: dd if=/dev/disks3s of=/Users/jack/Desktop/usb_copy Now I am trying to do the opposite, after having used the stick, which was formatted to NTFS, just doing dd if=/Users/jack/Desktop/usb_copy of=/dev/disks3s but although I can see that almost of the files are there, I can not boot again. IT is also strange the the file permissions are kind of strange, something like _user What can I do ? Thanks

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• Did Acronis True Image Home 2012 clone operation "lock" my BitLocker disk?

  - by Thomas Eyde

  After trying to clone my primary drive, which requires a reboot to proceed, BitLocker detected that the boot sector had changed and required the recovery keys. Not a good situation to be in on Sunday evening when it is your IT-department who hold the keys. After talking with the guys at IT, I have tree suspects on why BitLocker locked me out: The newly added, second hard drive in my machine. The changed boot-order in BIOS. The changes True Image did in order to do its things on boot. As an end-user, I should never have to end up in situations like these without any warning. I would like to know what really happened, so I can inform Acronis on how they can improve their product to avoid this situation in the future.

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• Combine drivers from multiple Win7 installs to single image

  - by MikeyB

  I need to prepare a Windows 7 image with drivers for multiple systems (Lenovo laptops). I currently have an image prepared on one laptop type but need to grab the drivers appropriate for the other laptop types as well to ensure that it works on all systems. From what I can tell, the procedure will be: create a boot CD with imageX take a .wim image prepared on the first type of systems take .wim images from the other systems mount the other images in WAIK extract the drivers from the other images inject the drivers into the first .wim boot a system with the boot CD and redeploy the updated .wim image into the Windows partition take an image of the drive with usual imaging tools This all seems a little too convoluted, but I'm willing to do it to get the proper drivers into the image. This is (seemingly) necessarily complicated by having more than one OS on the disk image. Am I on the right track?

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• Decompressing Files on an NTFS Volume from Linux

  - by amphetamachine

  I recently did something stupid on my dual-boot laptop, where I compressed the entire volume to make room for a Linux partition. For some reason, Windows let me compress C:\ntldr. Now I need to get it uncompressed in order for Windows to boot. Here are some of the operating restrictions I have: I do not have access to the BIOS. I cannot boot from CD/USB/floppy. (I installed Linux through PXE) It does not have network access. Is there were some way to specify that the ntfs-3g driver shouldn't compress files even if it thinks it should (if the directory is compressed) when mounting the volume? Or, is there a way to modify the attributes of a directory using ntfstools?

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• Windows not booting, bcd corrupt?

  - by Bolaji Ibrahim

  The windows boot configuration data file does not contain a valid OS entry Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the case.to fix the problem: 1.Insert your windows installation disc and restart your computer. 2.Choose your language settings, and click "next" . 3.Click "repair your computer." If you do not have this disc, contact your administrator or computer manufacture for assistance. File: \Boot\BCD Status:Oxc0000098 Info :The windows boot configuration data does not contain a valid OS entry.

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• My computer resets when i try to install Windows 7 (USB/DVD)

  - by Ranhiru

  I had a troublesome software starting up when Windows 7 was starting and i had no way to remove it because i couldn't log in to Windows. Not even safe mode. But i used Hiren's Boot CD to edit the registry to stop that software from starting up... But my efforts were not useful as Windows kept on going to an ultimate freeze just before the login screen should have been shown. And just freezes and I cannot do anything. So i decided heck with it and i now want to format the disk and reinstall a fresh copy of Windows 7. But now regardless of USB or DVD i use to boot the setup, it loads fine till you see the animating Windows and it just resets the laptop! Just plain resets! Hiren's Boot CD and Mini XP, strange enough but still works :( Any ideas what might be causing the laptop to reset in Windows 7 setup?

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• Ubuntu displaying GDM but no login

  - by Shawn

  Ubuntu (Wubi, Lucid Lynx) boots and shows the login screen itself with the background and plays the boot sound but a list of users is never displayed. A mouse is on screen and I can move it but, alas, it does nothing. Dropping to a virtual term with CTRL+Alt+F# drops me to a cursor but I can't actually input anything. I can't boot into single-user with GRUB since it's Wubi and it never specifies a boot kernel directly in GRUB's initial menu.lst (only in files that it then reads from). Other details that may be helpful: Single monitor Same video card that's been working for months No new hardware Edit: I ssh'd in since it evidently booted up the sshd which is handy. dpkg-reconfigure gdm didn't do anything helpful. I do, however, get a "no seat-id found" when manually running it.

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• suggestions for migrating a windows 7 install to a new 4K sector disk

  - by myCubeIsMyCell

  Hi, I'm looking to upgrade the disk on a windows 7 box to a new larger drive. In the past for such migrations I'd just hook both drives up and use a linux boot disk and use dd to copy from one disk to the next... boot up the new drive & expand the partition. The drive I just purchased however is a western digital using 4k sectors... not sure if there'd be any complications using my old method moving from a 512b sector drive. Current plan is to try the migration by doing a win7 system image backup to an external drive... then restore the image to the new drive via system restore boot disk. Any suggestions or recommendations on how to best complete this migration would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• broken partition possible for recovery?

  - by claw

  I was using copywipe on hirens boot cd to copy a Windows installation to a new drive. unfortunately for me, I was rushing, I set the source drive as the USB drive running hiren/copywipe to the Windows partition, I think it has destroyed the partition tables and replaced with hiren boot USB ones. disk: was NTFS 40 / 250 partitions disk: now FAT32 145 / 145 partition I have used several partition recovery tools, diskdigger to name one, they all show a recovered partition, but its the hiren stuff. any advice would be a fantastic help To all that have similar issues I recommend using TestDisk (undelete partition) software. you can get this software as part of hirens boot cd. see answer

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• Grub2 menu after VMware guest customization

  - by poopa

  Hi, I have ubuntu 9.10 desktop VMware VM with the default grub2 installed. There is some weird problem with this VM. When you clone this vm and have a customization script run, the cloned machine crashes at first boot (VMware does not officially suport customizaing Ubuntu newer than 8.04). After the creash the Grub boot menu is displayed but there is not time out. I checked /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it does indeed show a timeout of 10 seconds. Nothing happens till I select an option with the keyboard. The second time the Ubuntu loads, it does not crash. My question is, how do I make the grub menu timeout in that case? Thanks.

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• How to netboot ubuntu running iniside VirtualBox on Mac Air

  - by murungu

  Having configured a virtual machine for Ubuntu on VirtualBox on my mac air I need to install Ubuntu OS itself. I have selected the hardrive as the primary boot device and the network as the secondary boot device, so I am not prompted to install an Ubuntu disk at boot time. It attempts to netboot but is unable to locate Ubuntu and cannot find anywhere in the configuration where I can explicitly specify where to find and Ubuntu image, so assume it reverts to some default location and fails. Has anybody out there ever successfully installed ubuntu on virtual box on their Mac Air? What steos did you take to get it right?

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• Booting Windows7 kernel from an initrd/wim image file

  - by Ivo

  I'm wondering if it's possibile to have Win7 kernel and relative drivers (especially storage drivers) to boot from an initrd-like image file (maybe .wim?) and later then mount the windows root partition and complete the load of the full OS? I'll try to explain why: I'm running an emulated environment with NO REAL BIOS, and I'm passingthrough a raid storage controller. I want windows to boot from this controller array, but of course the BCD manager cannot access disks in the array until kernel and relative controller storage drivers are loaded. To be clear I get the classical winload.exe missing error. I need a similar solution to what Linux does, loading the kernel and his drivers, and later then mount the root partition and complete the boot. Any ideas or advices?

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• windows server secondary plex or windows server default

  - by shiva

  I am new to handling issues on server. when my system tried to reboot I could see two installables to boot from. windows server 2012- current os windows server secondary plex. So when ever there is a system restart the system it stops at this screen. And since I am connecting to this server using RDP I have to wait for the hetzner console to click on of the os to boot. Even though the current os is set as default and time given is 30 sec, it still waits for a user input. So I want to know which of the two should I be using to boot and I just want one os.

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• Why is hibernation still used?

  - by Moses

  I've never quite understood the original purpose of the Hibernation power state in Windows. I understand how it works, what processes take place, and what happens when you boot back up from Hibernate, but I've never truly understood why it's used. With today's technology, most notably with SSDs, RAM and CPUs becoming faster and faster, a cold boot on a clean/efficient Windows installation can be pretty fast (for some people, mere seconds from pushing the power button). Standby is even faster, sometimes instantaneous. Even SATA drives from 5-6 years ago can accomplish these fast boot times. Hibernation seems pointless to me when modern technology is considered, but perhaps there are applications that I'm not considering. What was the original purpose behind hibernation, and why do people still use it? Edit: I rescind my comment about hibernation being obsolete, as it obviously has very practical applications to laptops and mobile PCs, considering the power restrictions. I was mostly referring to hibernation being used on a desktop.

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• Problem booting hard drive after installing Centos from USB Stick

  - by Rick

  Here is the situation, I created a Centos Live 5.4 Bootable USB drive. I used this to install Centos on a HP Netbook. BTW: the Netbook doesn't have a CDRom so I used the usb key. When the system goes to write the Grub boot loader to disk, it wants to write the boot loader to the usb drive (/dev/sda), not the hard disk (/dev/hda). I do have the option of writing the boot loader to /dev/hda, (not to the mbr!) but when I reboot I get an load error and the Grub prompt. How can I get Centos booting from the hard disk instead of using the USB key. Thanks.

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• Uninstalled Ubuntu, no GRLDR?

  - by user32965

  So I'm a big fat idiot. I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my school's laptop, and here's come the time that I have to turn it back in. I wrote GRUB to the Master Boot Record, thinking it wasn't going to be permanent. So, fast forward to yesterday. I decided to hell with this, and popped in my Windows 7 CD, deleted the whole partition, formatted to NTFS, and installed Windows 7 on it. I'm surfing the web and my computer overheats [totally typical] I boot up, and get this: Try (hd0,0): FAT32: No GRLDR Try (hd0,1): invalid or null Try (hd0,2): invalid or null Try (hd0,3): invalid or null Try (hd1,0): NTFS5: No grldr Try (hd1,1): invalid or null Try (hd1,2): invalid or null Try (hd1,3): invalid or null Cannot find GRLDR. Press space bar to hold the screen, any other key to boot previous MBR... Timeout: 5 The timeout part just counts down to 0 from 5. I need to turn in this thing before tomorrow, please please please can someone help me out?

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• How to remotely install Linux via SSH?

  - by netvope

  I need to remotely install Ubuntu Server 10.04 (x86) on a server currently running RHEL 3.4 (x86). I'll have to be very careful because no one can press the restart button for me if anything goes wrong. Have you ever remotely installed Linux? Which way would you recommend? Any advice for things to watch out? Update: Thanks for your help. I managed to "change the tires while driving"! The main components of my method are drawn from HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System, grub legacy: Booting once-only, grub single boot and kernel panic reboot , and Ubuntu Community Documentation: InstallationFromKnoppix Here is the outline of what I did: Run debootstrap on an existing Ubuntu server Transfer the files to the swap partition of the RHEL 3.4 server Boot into tha swap partition (the debootstrap system) Transfer the files to the original root partition Boot into the new Ubuntu system and finish up the installation with tasksel, apt-get, etc I tested the method in a VM and then applied to the server. I was lucky enough that everything went smoothly :)

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