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  • Why Is Hibernation Still Used?

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    With the increased prevalence of fast solid-state hard drives, why do we still have system hibernation? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader Moses wants to know why he should use hibernate on a desktop machine: I’ve never quite understood the original purpose of the Hibernation power state in Windows. I understand how it works, what processes take place, and what happens when you boot back up from Hibernate, but I’ve never truly understood why it’s used. With today’s technology, most notably with SSDs, RAM and CPUs becoming faster and faster, a cold boot on a clean/efficient Windows installation can be pretty fast (for some people, mere seconds from pushing the power button). Standby is even faster, sometimes instantaneous. Even SATA drives from 5-6 years ago can accomplish these fast boot times. Hibernation seems pointless to me [on desktop computers] when modern technology is considered, but perhaps there are applications that I’m not considering. What was the original purpose behind hibernation, and why do people still use it? Quite a few people use hibernate, so what is Moses missing in the big picture? The Answer SuperUser contributor Vignesh4304 writes: Normally hibernate mode saves your computer’s memory, this includes for example open documents and running applications, to your hard disk and shuts down the computer, it uses zero power. Once the computer is powered back on, it will resume everything where you left off. You can use this mode if you won’t be using the laptop/desktop for an extended period of time, and you don’t want to close your documents. Simple Usage And Purpose: Save electric power and resuming of documents. In simple terms this comment serves nice e.g (i.e. you will sleep but your memories are still present). Why it’s used: Let me describe one sample scenario. Imagine your battery is low on power in your laptop, and you are working on important projects on your machine. You can switch to hibernate mode – it will result your documents being saved, and when you power on, the actual state of application gets restored. Its main usage is like an emergency shutdown with an auto-resume of your documents. MagicAndre1981 highlights the reason we use hibernate everyday: Because it saves the status of all running programs. I leave all my programs open and can resume working the next day very easily. Doing a real boot would require to start all programs again, load all the same files into those programs, get to the same place that I was at before, and put all my windows in exactly the same place. Hibernating saves a lot of work pulling these things back up again. It’s not unusual to find computers around the office here that have been hibernated day in and day out for months without an actual full system shutdown and restart. It’s enormously convenient to freeze your work space at the exact moment you stopped working and to turn right around and resume there the next morning. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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  • Fresh Ubuntu Install - Grub not loading

    - by Ryan Sharp
    System Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit Windows 7 SP1 Samsung 64GB SSD - OS' Samsung 1TB HDD - Games, /Home, Swap WD 300'ishGB HDD - Backup Okay, so I'm very frustrated, so please excuse me if I miss anything out as my head is clouded by anger and impatience, etc. I'll try me best, though. First of all, I'll explain how I got to my predicament. I finally got my new SSD. I firstly installed Windows, which completed without a hitch. Afterwards, I tried to install Ubuntu, which failed several times due to problems irrelevant to this question, but I mention this to explain my frustrations, sorry. Anyway, I finally installed Ubuntu. However, I chose the 'bootloader' to be installed on the same partition as where I was installing the Ubuntu Root partition, as that was what I believed to be the best choice. It was of my thinking that it was supposed to go on the same partition and on the SSD, which is my OS drive, though with my problem, it apparently was wrong. So I tried to fix it by checking guides and following their directions, but seemed to have messed it up even more. Here is what I receive after I use the fdisk -l command: (I also added explanations for which I used each partition for) Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x324971d1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 208896 48957439 24374272 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 48959486 125044735 38042625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 48959488 125044735 38042624 83 Linux sda1 --/ Windows Recovery sda2 --/ Windows 7 sda3/5 --/ Ubuntu root [ / ] Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc0ee6a69 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1024208894 1953523711 464657409 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 * 2048 1024206847 512102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sdb5 1024208896 1939851263 457821184 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1939853312 1953523711 6835200 82 Linux swap / Solaris sdb3 --/ Partition for Steam games, etc. sdb5 --/ Ubuntu Home [ /home ] sdb6 --/ Ubuntu Swap Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x292eee23 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 625141759 312569856 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sdc1 --/ Generic backup I also used a Boot Script that other users suggested, so that I can give more details on my partitions and also where Grub is located... ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc. Now that is weird... Why would Grub2 be installed on both my SSD and HDD? Even weirder is why is Windows on the MBR of my backup hard drive? Nothing I did should have done that... Anyway, here is the entire Output from that script... PASTEBIN So, to summarize what I need: How can I fix my setup so grub loads on startup? How can I clean my partitions to remove unnecessary grubs? What did I do wrong so that I don't do something so daft again? Thank you so much for reading, and I hope you can help me. I've been trying to have a successful setup since Friday, and I'm almost at the point that I'm really tempted to throw my computer out the window due to my frustration.

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  • Error: no such partition help!

    - by John
    Ok so i had Ubuntu installed on dual boot with windows 7, i decided i liked it, btu i did not want the dual boot option so i decided to uninstall it. no whenever i turn on my computer the "error: no such partition" screen shows up and i cant do anything at all. i tried restarting it and booting from a windows recovery disc to fix the mbr but my bios no wont load i cant change the boot order i cant manually boot or anything, it just goes straight to the "error: no such partition" screen. can someone please help me?

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  • Apple Cinema Display 23" and grub

    - by Joshua Pruitt
    As per the title, I'm running my display on an older 23" Apple Cinema Display (because I still love it, darn it). I'm pushing it with an ATI Radeon DVI dual-link PCIe card. It works just fine, except GRUB doesn't seem able to push out the 1920x1200 pixel resolution needed in order to show me a boot menu! So..., I keep a smaller second monitor connected as the primary display so that I can see the boot menu and boot the system (I don't use that display once booted). This is a goofy work-around, and I'd like to just use my single display exclusively to boot the machine. I found some grub codes for higher resolutions, but not for 1920x1200. Is it capable of this? Did I just miss it? Thanks in advance!!!

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  • install grub on pendrive containing linux installation, making it system independent

    - by arpit
    i have a win7 system and i want to install debian 6 on usb flash drive. the problem is grub loader. i want to install the grub loader on usb itself, so i can just plug in the pendrive in any computer and boot to deb6. so in effect making the flash drive an independent system. i tried it earlier, but ended up with grub loader needing me to insert the pendrive every time to give me boot options to even boot the win7 system, even though it was on primary hdd. so is there a way to turn the pendrive into full linux system with own boot loader, which can automatically detect os in the system i plug it in and be able to boot any of them. totally, self sufficient and system independent; making the pen drive so that it only needs a host system to run the os it carries. thank you, waiting for replies.

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  • How do I create an ISO image from a directory structure on CentOS?

    - by tom smith
    I'm trying to figure out the exact mkisofs cmd to create the ISO with the following directory and file structure. I've tried different commands, but when I mount the ISO that is created the directory tree has not been reproduced. The initial directory tree is: master.iso:: mount -o loop /apps/vmware/master.iso /mnt/vmtest ls /mnt/vmtest isolinux ks.cfg upgra32 upgra64 upgrade.sh ls /mnt/vmtest/isolinux boot.cat initrd.img isolinux.bin isolinux.cfg vmlinuz I've used different variations of the following mkisofs command without success: mkisofs -o '/foo/test.iso' -b 'isolinux.bin' -c 'boot.cat' -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table 'isolinux' How do I make an ISO that captures a directory's exact structure?

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  • How to restore GRUB without re-installing the OS?

    - by Calixte
    A friend of mine has a Packard Bell laptop that came with Windows pre-installed. I installed Ubuntu on it and it works fine, but everytime she tried to boot Windows on it (fortunately rarely) it fails and the computer is unable to boot any OS anymore. Upon boot, the computer stops on a black screen with a GRUB Rescue prompt. Is there any way to restore GRUB without re-installing Ubuntu? (preferably an easy way as I cannot do it for her and she is not extremely computer literate) Also (but less important), is there a way to configure GRUB (or something else) so that Windows won't destroy it on every boot attempt?

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  • Resolution stuck in 640x480 in grub, 11.04 and 12.04

    - by user89797
    I have three operating systems on my machine, Windows 7x64, Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 both x64 as well. All three were running at full resolution for my monitor, as well as in the Grub 1.99 boot screen. After booting into Windows, I rebooted my machine and found my Grub resolution was suddenly 640x480. Booting into both versions of Ubuntu, I find myself stuck at that resolution as well. I made no driver changes recently, and hadn't even booted into the 11.10 build in a month or more. I've gone through both proprietary Nvidia driver options for my card (GeForce 9800GT) as well as the open source drivers in 12.04 to no avail. I can't figure out what could have caused this change in both versions of Ubuntu and Grub simultaneously. Windows 7 is unaffected so I think that safely rules out hardware failure. EDIT Ok, so I couldn't boot an graphical live disks, I tried ubuntu 12.04 i386 and x64 as well as 12.10 beta x64 and all of them would flash the initial logo, go to a blank screen with a flashing cursor in the upper left and then my display would die. I managed to boot 12.04 server and get into recovery. I reinstalled grub and went into recovery mode for my 12.04 build. If I boot in safe graphics mode I can get 1280x768, but as soon as I reboot it's broken again. I've tried reinstalling the nvidia drivers and that leaves me with a system stuck at max 640x480. None of these changes have had any impact on the 11.10 build, which is still stuck at 640x480 Given that I can push a somewhat higher resolution in 12.04, and full resolution in windows 7 I'm pretty convinced it's not an issue of my monitor failing. It must be something to do with the graphics drivers. I can't figure out what could be the issue though. I'm especially perplexed that I can't boot any live images

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  • Can't set 1280x1024 with Nvidia Geforce 8400 GS

    - by torbengb
    I've just installed 10.04 LTS using the Windows installer. The system hangs during boot; the splash screen is frozen and it accepts neither Ctrl+Alt+F2 nor Ctrl+Alt+Del, only a hard reset. (I'm a linux noob.) When I edit the default Grub boot option to omit quiet splash, it gets to the point saying * setting sensors limit [OK] _ and there it stays. I can only get to the desktop using the Grub recovery boot option, of course with a lower resolution (800x600) but everything else seems to work fine. As I said, this is a new install. The only thing I've done is to use the Update Manager to get everything up to date, and activate the newest Nvidia driver using the "Hardware drivers" window. I had a similar problem when I installed 9.04 a year ago, and at that time posted this question with an answer that worked - this doesn't work with 10.04. Running nvidia-xconfig to create a new xorg.conf didn't fix it either (while in Recovery boot).

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  • Install GRUB to Ubuntu Partition

    - by Noel
    So my computer has the following partitions: /dev/sda -- (I know this isn't a real partition, but more so the boot loader) /dev/sda1 -- (Windows 7 Boot Loader) /dev/sda3 -- (Windows 7) /dev/sda4 -- (Data partition, NTFS) that means i have /dev/sda2 as free space. I do not want to change the MBR of the computer. I would like /dev/sda2 to contain GRUB AND Ubuntu. So ideally when I turn my computer on, BIOS would ask if I'd like to boot Windows 7 or Ubuntu(or Grub or partition 2), and I could choose either one. But I would like Grub and Ubuntu to be on the same partition, so they will not interfere in any way with windows or window's boot loader/partition (sda3) How can I do this? Catch: when formatting partitions, Ubuntu does not give me the option to make them virtual partitions, so that makes things harder. I tried: installing Ubuntu to /dev/sda2 (which I formatted as ext4) and then told the Ubuntu installer to install the bootloader to /dev/sda2. But when I select "Ubuntu" from BIOS's boot selection, it loads a black screen and says "invalid arch independent ELF magic grub rescue _" and allows me to input stuff. How can I fix this, or tell my computer where Grub is?

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  • unable to enter bios

    - by fraz
    I have an asus desktop ( amd phenom X6 processor) which was preinstalled with windows 7. I wanted to install ubuntu on it (dual boot) but am unable to do so because of the boot order. So I thought of changing boot order thru bios. But it turns out, if I press any key while the computer is starting, it just doesnt boots. I can see that the keyboard and mouse are booted up. (the lights are on) but the monitor is in standby mode.. I tried tab, f2,f10, delete key. But nothing is working.. Is there a software or other alternate on how can I change boot order ? Thanks

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  • Graphics trouble after resuming from hibernate or suspend

    - by Voyagerfan5761
    I have a Dell Inspiron 2650 (with NVidia graphics, using nouveau drivers) that I'm using to try out Ubuntu. It's all great, except that Hibernate and Suspend aren't usable. Yes, I know that questions about power-save issues are rampant in the Linux support universe, but it seems that every time I find a solution it's for a very specific hardware combination and doesn't apply to me. So anyway, here goes. When I resume from either power-saving mode, I'll get graphics problems anywhere on the range from a few scattered random-colored pixels that won't change; all the way to full-screen patterns that don't change as I move the mouse, hit keys on the keyboard, or even bring up the shutdown dialog using the power button. Those full-screen issues (which may involve stripes with random pixels, partial black screen, or both) always end in me forcing the machine to shut down by holding the power button. I haven't done much testing yet to determine what severity level is most commonly associated with each mode, but I do avoid using either power-save option because of these issues. I'll add info on my hardware as I can gather it (no home internet connection, and this laptop is tethered to my desk by a dead battery and casing degradation). Please feel free to request something specific in the question comments. Hardware Info See this hardinfo report for my system's hardware configuration. (No, my username is not "myuser"; I sanitized hardinfo's output before publishing it.) Screenshots These screenshots are from a relatively mild occurrence, which happened after the second hibernation I took that session. The first one worked great, though I used the wireless card and Firefox heavily between the two hibernation attempts. Take a look at what happened when I opened my home directory in Nautilus and scrolled it: See below for the situations I've tested so far. The real trouble comes when the machine resumes to an unusable state; in such cases I can't even unlock the screen or properly reboot, much less take a screenshot. I have a hunch that putting a CD in the drive will cause such major failures, and I will try that at some point; see related question. Situations Tested Maverick (10.10) Suspend Seems to suspend nicely with nothing running Seems to suspend nicely with flash drive plugged in On resume from suspend with no flash drive, Terminal and gedit running: Funky graphics on top of log output, then blank screen with pixelated cursor; no response to power button (normally will shutdown 60 seconds later) Hibernate Seems to hibernate nicely with nothing running Seems to hibernate nicely with a few apps (Terminal, Mouse preferences) running Seems to not hibernate when flash drive plugged in Seems to not hibernate when System Monitor is running Have encountered failed hibernation (after several hours and one successful hibernate/thaw cycle) with no external media connected and no programs running except normal background stuff Natty LiveCD (11.04_2010-12-22) When I tested it, Natty wouldn't stay logged in. It played part of the login sound and then [ OK ] appeared in the top right corner (white-on-black terminal text) for a few seconds. Then it kicked me back to the Unlock screen. It did that four times before I gave up and just tested suspend from the Unlock screen. Suspend Resumed to vertical gray and black lines 2px (?) wide, then shifted to vertical "jail bars" of black over a black screen with above-described random pixels and mouse pointer. No apparent response to input from mouse (clicking randomly). Keyboard and touchpad unrecognized.

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  • Split screen and other issues on Ubuntu 11.10 with ATI graphics card

    - by garus
    Ever since updating my Ubuntu 11.04 to 11.10 I experience issues with graphics. The biggest is the "split screen" effect where my desktop is shifted to the right, resulting in having Unity bar in the middle of the screen. As shown here: http://i.imgur.com/I8nmZ.jpg This changes from boot to boot, sometimes it's on the left, sometimes in the middle. What I tried: Removing fglrx drivers completely Installing post-update version of them, but installation is broken ATM in the Ubuntu, so no go. No one is even trying to fix it (bug report https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-common/+bug/873058 and a couple of duplicates out there) Also using the open source "radeon" driver results in the same (I have a better successful boot ratio with this one, proprietary rarely lets me boot) Other artifacts are: serious screen tearing weird lines flickering in random places lagginess Did anyone experience that? My specs: Ubuntu 11.10 AMD Radeon HD 6950 1GB

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  • invitation: Oracle Endeca Information Discovery Bootcamp

    - by mseika
    The Oracle Endeca Information Discovery (OEID) Boot Camp is designed to give partners an understanding of OEID’s features, and how it complements the existing Oracle Business Intelligence suite. Participants will learn how to develop & implement solutions using a Data Discovery method. Training is in EnglishWhat will be covered?The Oracle Endeca Information Discovery (OEID) Boot Camp is a three-day class with a combination of lecture and hands-on exercises, tailored to make participants aware of the Oracle Endeca Information Discovery platform, and to gain valuable skills for the implementation of projects.The course will follow a combination of lectures and hands-on lab sessions, to allow participants to apply the knowledge they have gained by extracting from sample data sources, and creating an end-user application that will be used to answer several business questions. What You Will Learn Architecture: OEID Components, use of graphs, overview of clustering OEID Installation: Architecture planning, infrastructure requirements, installation process, production hints & tips OEID Administration: Data store management, administrative operations, portal configuration, data sources, system monitoring Indexing: Integration Suite, Data source analysis, Graph (ETL) creation, record design techniques Portlets: Studio portlets, custom portlet development, querying functions Reporting: Studio applications & best practices, visualizations, EQL PrerequisitesYou must bring a laptop with you for the Hands-on labs ENVIRONMENT – LAPTOP REQUIREMENTS For the OEID boot camp, participants will perform the hands-on lab exercises using a virtual machine image. These virtual machines will be provided to participants within a cloud environment, requiring participants to bring a laptop to the Boot Camp that can access a Windows server utilizing Microsoft RDP from their laptop. Participants will not need to install any software onto their laptops, but must ensure that they have the proper software installed for their OS, to connect through RDP to a server. HARDWARE • CPU: Dual-core, x64, 1.8Ghz or higher • RAM: 2GB SOFTWARE • Microsoft Remote Desktop Client • Internet Explorer 7, Firefox, or Google Chrome This boot camp is intended for prospective implementers of Oracle Endeca Information Discovery (OEID), or those in a presales role looking to gain insight into the technical benefits of this new package. Attendees should have experience and familiarity with the basic concepts of business intelligence. Where and When ? Monday, October 15th until wednesday, October 17th included 9:00 - 18:00 Oracle France 15, boulevard Charles de Gaulle 92715 Colombes Access Register Here Limited number of seats !

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  • Install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64bit in Lenovo S205 Failed

    - by Zakiul Fuady
    I had ever installed Ubuntu 12.04 in Lenovo S205 twice, but it could not boot like an ordinary laptop. how i can fix this problem.? i tried to install dual boot. windows and Ubuntu. but it could not work properly. even, when i installed single boot. it could not too. installation was okay, but it could not boot to Ubuntu. just stuck in blank screen. like what I posted in my blog below http://fzakiul.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/lenovo-ideapad-s205-vs-ubuntu/ extremely need a help.

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  • lvm disappeared after disc replacement on raid10

    - by user142295
    here my problem: I am running ubuntu 12.04 on a raid10 (4 disks), on top of which I installed an lvm with two volume groups (one for /, one for /home). The layout of the disks are as follows: Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003f3b6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 481949 240943+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 481950 2910640634 1455079342+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 2910640635 2930272064 9815715 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00069785 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f14de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris The first disk (/dev/sda) contains the /boot partition on /dev/sda1. I use grub2 to boot the system off this partition. On top of this raid10 I installed two volume groups, one for /, one for /home. This system worked well, I even exchanged two disks during the last two years. It always worked. But not this time. For the first time, /dev/sda broke. I do not know if this is an issue – I know I would have struggled anyways to overcome the problem with /boot installed on that disk and grub2 installed on the mbr of /dev/sda. Anyways, I did what I always did: start knoppix fire up the raid sudo mdadm --examine -scan which returns ARRAY /dev/md127 UUID=0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 start it up sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 fail the failing disk (smart event) sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2 remove the failing disk sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2 stop the raid sudo mdadm -S /dev/md127 take out the disk replace it with a new one create the same partitions as on the failling one add it to the raid sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sda2 wait 4 hours All looks fine: cat /proc/mdstat returns: Personalities : [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2910158464 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> and sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 returns /dev/md127: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Jun 10 13:08:46 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 2910158464 (2775.34 GiB 2980.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 1455079232 (1387.67 GiB 1490.00 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 127 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Mar 21 16:27:40 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 (local to host Microknoppix) Events : 0.4824680 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 However, there is no trace of the volume groups. Rebooting into knoppix does not help Restarting the old system (I actually replugged and re-added the failing disk for that – the system begins to start, but then fails to see the / partition – no wonder if the volume group is gone) does not help. sudo vgscan, sudo vgdisplay, sudo lvs, sudo lvdisplay, sudo vgscan –mknodes all returned No volume groups found. I am completely at a loss. Can anyone tell me if and how I can recover my data? Thanks in advance!

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 on Lenovo ThinkPad with UEFI

    - by Oleksandr
    I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop amd64 on my Lenovo ThinkPad E330. There were no problem during installation. Now I can boot to Ubuntu and use it. BUT: now there is only one option in Boot Devices in my ThinkPad's BIOS: ubuntu I can boot ThinkPad to Ubuntu on HDD ONLY - no other options. I switched BIOS to "Legacy devices only" - this did not help :( Could you, please, help me and explain how to boot my ThinkPad from USB drive? How can I switch back to Legacy devices and use MBR, not UEFI? Thank you!

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  • I need help installing Ubuntu 11.10 to multi-drive system

    - by CookyMonzta
    I have a machine with 3 hard drives; the primary, which is 750GB (drive 0), and 2 others, each of which is 640GB (drives 1 and 2). On the last screen before the actual installation begins, this is how my hard drive configuration looks: /dev/sda [DISK0, 750GB] /dev/sda1 ntfs 104MB [Win7 System Reserved] /dev/sda2 ntfs 499,997MB [Windows 7 Pro] free space 250,052MB [This space intended for Windows 8] /dev/sdb [DISK1, 640GB] /dev/sdb1 ntfs 400,085MB [Windows XP Pro] free space 240,049MB [This space intended for Ubuntu] /dev/sdc [DISK2, 640GB] [This drive intended for various backups] free space 160,033MB /dev/sdc5 ntfs 480,101MB [Acronis Secure Zone] As you can see, I have 3 drives, all SATA. I have Win7 on my first drive (0), WinXP on my second drive (1) and a secure zone for daily backups on my third drive (2). I want to put Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot on the drive that also has XP. I've already used 400GB for XP and I have 240GB remaining, for which, my intention was to create a 4GB swap file and use the rest for Ubuntu itself. This is what my second hard drive looked like, for my intended setup before installation: /dev/sdb /dev/sdb5 swap 4,095MB [Linux swap] /dev/sdb6 ext4 235,951MB [Ubuntu 11.10] Needless to say, this is only the second time I have attempted to install Linux. I managed to get 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon working on an old machine. I have two problems with this installation: Ubuntu asks for a location to install the boot loader (i.e., "Device for Boot Loader Installation"). I already have a boot loader; namely, Acronis OS Selector (from Acronis Disk Director 11). So I decided to put the Ubuntu boot loader in /dev/sdb6 (where I intend to install Ubuntu), to keep it from interfering with my Acronis OS Selector. Once I hit "Install now", I ended up with the following error: "No root file system is defined. Please correct this from the partitioning menu." What am I missing? Did I attempt to put the boot loader in the wrong place? I assume I did, because as I am writing this entry, I am looking at LinuxIdentity.com's Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal magazine, and I see a screenshot (Figure 7 on Page 13) that implies that the boot loader can be installed anywhere, including the first hard drive (in the MBR, which would obviously force me to reinstall the Acronis OS Selector) or even on a floppy. But why do I get an undefined root file system error? I thought /dev/sdb6 was the root file. Obviously I'm missing something in the installation procedure. Should I try installing it in Windows using the WUBI Installer? I assume that, if I attempt to install Ubuntu from WinXP (on the second drive), it will automatically install Ubuntu on the empty partition alongside XP. But will I have the option of creating a swap partition? And what if the WUBI Installer searches all of my drives and decides to install Ubuntu on my first drive's empty partition (which I have left empty for Win8 upon its release)?

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  • Oh snap! My RPi was upgraded to 512MB! Woo-hoo!

    - by hinkmond
    I ordered a Raspberry Pi Model B (256MB) over 4 months ago on backorder. When it finally came I saw it was upgraded to the new half a gig model! Woot! But, all was not perfect. Gary C. told me the shipped configuration of the new RPi models didn't have the right firmware for 512MB, and I had to upgrade the start.elf in the /boot directory to recognize all of the 512MB RAM. I did a "free" command, and sure enough saw only 240MB. Sadness. But, Gary gave me a copy of his start.elf which worked after some trail and error. For anyone ordering the new RPi Model B w/512MB, here are the steps to get you going with full 512MB RAM: sudo apt-get update --fix-missing sudo apt-get upgrade --fix-missing # NOTE: This step takes at least a couple hours on a # fast network wget https://raw.github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/\ 164b0fe2b3b56081c7510df93bc1440aebe45f7e/boot/\ arm496_start.elf sudo mv /boot/start.elf /boot/orig-start.elf sudo mv arm496_start.elf /boot/start.elf sudo reboot free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 497768 210596 287172 0 16892 169624 -/+ buffers/cache: 24080 473688 Swap: 102396 0 102396 So of course this means... (drumroll) there is now 498MB available for the Java Embedded heap! java -Xmx400m -version java version "1.7.0_06" Java(TM) SE Embedded Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_06-b24, headless) Java HotSpot(TM) Embedded Client VM (build 23.2-b09, mixed mode) Yeah, baby! Hinkmond

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  • Upgrade 11.10 to 12.04 on Eee PC failed. GLIBC_2.14 not found

    - by user69170
    I was upgrading my Eee PC from 11.10 to 12.04 as prompted and the upgrade locked up (the lappy was plugged into power - so that wasn't the problem). The system won't boot now and I'm getting an error that "GLIBC_2.14 not found". I am unable to boot into any recovery mode or prior version. The lappy was a dual boot, but when I installed Ubuntu the first time, I opted out of that option (whoops). Now I can't load, it goes into a forever 'ubuntu' loading screen. I have a fresh install on a memory stick, but when I set the lappy to boot from it - it doesn't work. Help. I have no idea what to do next... ??

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  • Oops, I left my kernel zone configuration behind!

    - by mgerdts
    Most people use boot environments to move in one direction.  A system starts with an initial installation and from time to time new boot environments are created - typically as a result of pkg update - and then the new BE is booted.  This post is of little interest to those people as no hackery is needed.  This post is about some mild hackery. During development, I commonly test different scenarios across multiple boot environments.  Many times, those tests aren't related to the act of configuring or installing zone and I so it's kinda handy to avoid the effort involved of zone configuration and installation.  A somewhat common order of operations is like the following: # beadm create -e golden -a test1 # reboot Once the system is running in the test1 BE, I install a kernel zone. # zonecfg -z a178 create -t SYSsolaris-kz # zoneadm -z a178 install Time passes, and I do all kinds of stuff to the test1 boot environment and want to test other scenarios in a clean boot environment.  So then I create a new one from my golden BE and reboot into it. # beadm create -e golden -a test2 # reboot Since the test2 BE was created from the golden BE, it doesn't have the configuration for the kernel zone that I configured and installed.  Getting that zone over to the test2 BE is pretty easy.  My test1 BE is really known as s11fixes-2. root@vzl-212:~# beadm mount s11fixes-2 /mnt root@vzl-212:~# zonecfg -R /mnt -z a178 export | zonecfg -z a178 -f - root@vzl-212:~# beadm unmount s11fixes-2 root@vzl-212:~# zoneadm -z a178 attach root@vzl-212:~# zoneadm -z a178 boot On the face of it, it would seem as though it would have been easier to just use zonecfg -z a178 create -t SYSolaris-kz within the test2 BE to get the new configuration over.  That would almost work, but it would have left behind the encryption key required for access to host data and any suspend image.  See solaris-kz(5) for more info on host data.  I very commonly have more complex configurations that contain many storage URIs and non-default resource controls.  Retyping them would be rather tedious.

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 updates fail recently - Please help

    - by user74152
    I upgraded Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04 LTS immediately after its release (april 2012). Since then updates (new kernels and others) succeeded regularly, but recently, suddenly, updates fail consistently. What causes the problem and how can it be solved? Terminal information after the last update attempt: ariel@ariel-MS-7592:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (3.2.0-26.41) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-26-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 11: /etc/default/grub: splash”: not found run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.26.28); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfiguredNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-26-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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  • ubuntu 12.04 broken

    - by Gaurav
    I installed PPA package for BITdefender but somehow the package got broken. Because of this I was not able to boot Ubuntu in normal mode. So i booted in recovery mode and completely removed the broken package using synaptic package manager. But even after removing the broken package I'm unable to boot in normal mode. Everytime i try to boot in normal mode I'm greeted with a black screen! Is there any way to fix this?

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  • How to change partitioning - may involve conversion of a partition from primary to extended

    - by george_k
    I am having trouble thinking through how I can achieve my partitioning goals. Now my partitions are: sda1 (winA) (primary) sda2 (winB) (primary) sda3 (/ for ubuntu) (primary) What I want to migrate into is (obviously partition numbers need not be exactly like that) sda1 (winA) (primary) sda2 (winB) (primary) sda3 (/boot) (primary) sda4 - extended which will contain sda5 (/home) sda6 (/ for ubuntu) sda7 (swap) I know I may be asking too much, but what would a way to do it? One way I have thought is Create a new primary partition for /boot and split it from the root partition into the new one. It shouldn't be too hard. Then the disk will have 4 primary partitions. Somehow convert the root ubuntu partition from primary to extended. Split that last partition in 3 extended partitions (root, /home, swap) and split the contents there. I am obviously stuck on the 2nd part. Another way could be (maybe easier): Create an extended partition (or two) Split /home there Somehow move everything except /boot to the extended partition. This way /boot will stay on the primary partition that exists now, and will be shrunk as needed, and everything else will end up to the extended partitions. This may sound better, but I'm not too sure how to do the 3rd part. Some details: The disk is almost empty, so I have space to move things around in it, shrink the ubuntu partition etc. I don't want to touch the windows partitions in any way. Reinstallation is not an option. Also using a different partitioning scheme with fewer partitions is not an option (for example not having a separate /boot) Any ideas?

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  • Windows undetectable after interrupted chkdsk

    - by Felthragar
    I have a computer that is running Windows XP. For some reason, the other day it wouldn't start giving me the following message: "ntoskrnl.exe is missing or corrupt" So I put the XP disc in the tray and fired up the repair console and ran the following: chkdsk /r It was on for about eight hours and it got to about 52% I believe. Then there was a power outage and the computer shut down (obviously). Today when I was booting it, it isn't even detecting there's an OS anymore. If I boot the computer with no cd in the tray it says: "Reboot and select a proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key" If I run the repair console, or the xp installation program it isn't finding any OS installations. Any ideas on what to do next? Any help is appreciated. Thanks! Update: After turning boot-time diagnostics on, I got this message when booting without cd (instead of the previous one): "Couldn't open drive multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)"

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