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  • Does MATLAB perform tail call optimization?

    - by Shea Levy
    I've recently learned Haskell, and am trying to carry the pure functional style over to my other code when possible. An important aspect of this is treating all variables as immutable, i.e. constants. In order to do so, many computations that would be implemented using loops in an imperative style have to be performed using recursion, which typically incurs a memory penalty due to the allocation a new stack frame for each function call. In the special case of a tail call (where the return value of a called function is immediately returned to the callee's caller), however, this penalty can be bypassed by a process called tail call optimization (in one method, this can be done by essentially replacing a call with a jmp after setting up the stack properly). Does MATLAB perform TCO by default, or is there a way to tell it to?

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  • Discovering a functional algorithm from a mutable one

    - by Garrett Rowe
    This isn't necessarily a Scala question, it's a design question that has to do with avoiding mutable state, functional thinking and that sort. It just happens that I'm using Scala. Given this set of requirements: Input comes from an essentially infinite stream of random numbers between 1 and 10 Final output is either SUCCEED or FAIL There can be multiple objects 'listening' to the stream at any particular time, and they can begin listening at different times so they all may have a different concept of the 'first' number; therefore listeners to the stream need to be decoupled from the stream itself. Pseudocode: if (first number == 1) SUCCEED else if (first number >= 9) FAIL else { first = first number rest = rest of stream for each (n in rest) { if (n == 1) FAIL else if (n == first) SUCCEED else continue } } Here is a possible mutable implementation: sealed trait Result case object Fail extends Result case object Succeed extends Result case object NoResult extends Result class StreamListener { private var target: Option[Int] = None def evaluate(n: Int): Result = target match { case None => if (n == 1) Succeed else if (n >= 9) Fail else { target = Some(n) NoResult } case Some(t) => if (n == t) Succeed else if (n == 1) Fail else NoResult } } This will work but smells to me. StreamListener.evaluate is not referentially transparent. And the use of the NoResult token just doesn't feel right. It does have the advantage though of being clear and easy to use/code. Besides there has to be a functional solution to this right? I've come up with 2 other possible options: Having evaluate return a (possibly new) StreamListener, but this means I would have to make Result a subtype of StreamListener which doesn't feel right. Letting evaluate take a Stream[Int] as a parameter and letting the StreamListener be in charge of consuming as much of the Stream as it needs to determine failure or success. The problem I see with this approach is that the class that registers the listeners should query each listener after each number is generated and take appropriate action immediately upon failure or success. With this approach, I don't see how that could happen since each listener is forcing evaluation of the Stream until it completes evaluation. There is no concept here of a single number generation. Is there any standard scala/fp idiom I'm overlooking here?

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  • How do I setup a Python development environment on Linux ?

    - by Rob Sobers
    I'm a .NET developer who knows very little about Python, but want to give it a test drive for a small project I'm working on. What tools and packages should I install on my machine? I'm looking for a common, somewhat comprehensive, development environment. I'll likely run Ubuntu 9.10, but I'm flexible. If Windows is a better option, that's fine too.

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  • How do I refactor these two C# functions to abstract their logic from the specific class properties

    - by ObligatoryMoniker
    I have two functions whose underlying logic is the same but in one case it sets one property value on a class and in another case it sets a different one. How can I rewrite the following two functions to abstract away as much of the algorithm as possible so that I can make changes in logic in a single place? SetBillingAddress private void SetBillingAddress(OrderAddress newBillingAddress) { BasketHelper basketHelper = new BasketHelper(SiteConstants.BasketName); OrderAddress oldBillingAddress = basketHelper.Basket.Addresses[basketHelper.BillingAddressID]; bool NewBillingAddressIsNotOldBillingAddress = ((oldBillingAddress == null) || (newBillingAddress.OrderAddressId != oldBillingAddress.OrderAddressId)); bool BillingAddressHasBeenPreviouslySet = (oldBillingAddress != null); bool BillingAddressIsNotSameAsShippingAddress = (basketHelper.ShippingAddressID != basketHelper.BillingAddressID); bool NewBillingAddressIsNotShippingAddress = (newBillingAddress.OrderAddressId != basketHelper.ShippingAddressID); if (NewBillingAddressIsNotOldBillingAddress && BillingAddressHasBeenPreviouslySet && BillingAddressIsNotSameAsShippingAddress) { basketHelper.Basket.Addresses.Remove(oldBillingAddress); } if (NewBillingAddressIsNotOldBillingAddress && NewBillingAddressIsNotShippingAddress) { basketHelper.Basket.Addresses.Add(newBillingAddress); } basketHelper.BillingAddressID = newBillingAddress.OrderAddressId; basketHelper.Basket.Save(); } And here is the second one: SetShippingAddress private void SetBillingAddress(OrderAddress newShippingAddress) { BasketHelper basketHelper = new BasketHelper(SiteConstants.BasketName); OrderAddress oldShippingAddress = basketHelper.Basket.Addresses[basketHelper.ShippingAddressID]; bool NewShippingAddressIsNotOldShippingAddress = ((oldShippingAddress == null) || (newShippingAddress.OrderAddressId != oldShippingAddress.OrderAddressId)); bool ShippingAddressHasBeenPreviouslySet = (oldShippingAddress != null); bool ShippingAddressIsNotSameAsBillingAddress = (basketHelper.ShippingAddressID != basketHelper.BillingAddressID); bool NewShippingAddressIsNotBillingAddress = (newShippingAddress.OrderAddressId != basketHelper.BillingAddressID); if (NewShippingAddressIsNotOldShippingAddress && ShippingAddressHasBeenPreviouslySet && ShippingAddressIsNotSameAsBillingAddress) { basketHelper.Basket.Addresses.Remove(oldShippingAddress); } if (NewShippingAddressIsNotOldShippingAddress && NewShippingAddressIsNotBillingAddress) { basketHelper.Basket.Addresses.Add(newShippingAddress); } basketHelper.ShippingAddressID = newShippingAddress.OrderAddressId; basketHelper.Basket.Save(); } My initial thought was that if I could pass a class's property by refernce then I could rewrite the previous functions into something like private void SetPurchaseOrderAddress(OrderAddress newAddress, ref String CurrentChangingAddressIDProperty) and then call this function and pass in either basketHelper.BillingAddressID or basketHelper.ShippingAddressID as CurrentChangingAddressIDProperty but since I can't pass C# properties by reference I am not sure what to do with this code to be able to reuse the logic in both places. Thanks for any insight you can give me.

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  • Help me understand this C code

    - by Benjamin
    INT GetTree (HWND hWnd, HTREEITEM hItem, HKEY *pRoot, TCHAR *pszKey, INT nMax) { TV_ITEM tvi; TCHAR szName[256]; HTREEITEM hParent; HWND hwndTV = GetDlgItem (hWnd, ID_TREEV); memset (&tvi, 0, sizeof (tvi)); hParent = TreeView_GetParent (hwndTV, hItem); if (hParent) { // Get the parent of the parent of the... GetTree (hWnd, hParent, pRoot, pszKey, nMax); // Get the name of the item. tvi.mask = TVIF_TEXT; tvi.hItem = hItem; tvi.pszText = szName; tvi.cchTextMax = dim(szName); TreeView_GetItem (hwndTV, &tvi); //send the TVM_GETITEM message? lstrcat (pszKey, TEXT ("\\")); lstrcat (pszKey, szName); } else { *pszKey = TEXT ('\0'); szName[0] = TEXT ('\0'); // Get the name of the item. tvi.mask = TVIF_TEXT | TVIF_PARAM; tvi.hItem = hItem; tvi.pszText = szName; tvi.cchTextMax = dim(szName); if (TreeView_GetItem (hwndTV, &tvi)) //*pRoot = (HTREEITEM)tvi.lParam; //original hItem = (HTREEITEM)tvi.lParam; else { INT rc = GetLastError(); } } return 0; } The block of code that begins with the comment "Get the name of the item" does not make sense to me. If you are getting the listview item why does the code set the parameters of the item being retrieved? If you already had the values there would be no need to retrieve them. Secondly near the comment "original" is the original line of code which will compile with a warning under embedded visual c++ 4.0, but if you copy the exact same code into visual studio 2008 it will not compile. Since I did not write any of this code, and am trying to learn, is it possible the original author made a mistake on this line? The *pRoot should point to HKEY type yet he is casting to an HTREEITEM type which should never work since the data types don't match?

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  • Best second language to learn for a native english speaking programmer?

    - by Tom Dignan
    I have always wanted to learn a foreign language, but I would like to pick one that can also help me the most in my career. I'm in the US, so it is not necessary for me to learn a second language to influence my career success, however I think knowing one and speaking it fluently could potentially put me in a more interesting career than if I did not. I would like to be able to travel the world, especially if I could have a reason to go one place or another. Which leads me to my question: What is the best second language to learn for a native English speaking programmer? (Especially from the US) Some ideas that come to mind for me are Mandarin, German, Japanese, French... I am looking for experienced opinions though! Thanks.

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  • Is selling a "website screen scraper" illegal?

    - by Yatendra Goel
    I have coded a "website screen scraper" and want to sell it commercially. I know that webpages scraped by the screen scraper are restricted to be scraped by the webmaser of that website. The robots.txt file of the website says that its webpages must not be scraped. So my question is whether selling that screen scraper is a crime or using that screen scraper is a crime in legal terms. I know that this question is related to law but I thought the software experts on SO must also have answer to this question.

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  • Visual Studio 2010 Language Support

    - by inspectorG4dget
    Hello SO, I want to be able to develop code using Visual Studio 2010. I just got VS2010 and I'm not able to get the languages I want on it. The main reason that I'm asking this is that I'm trying to migrate to ONE IDE that does it all for me. Thus far eclipse has been doing a good job, but I've been informed that VS2010 is better and I'm trying to get into the groove of that standard So my question is two-fold. I am not able to find a complete list of languages supported by VS2010. What are these languages? How can I get VS2010 support for: a. Python/IronPython b. C/C++/C#/XNA c. Java My Googling has given me no promising/definitive results. I'd really appreciate any help.

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  • Socket read() hangs for a while when there is no data to read.

    - by janesconference
    Hi' I'm writing a simple http port forwarder. I read data from port 80, and pass the data to my lighttpd server, on port 8080. As long as I write() data on the socket on port 8080 (forwarding the request) there's no problem, but when I read() data from that socket (forwarding the response), the last read() hangs a lot (about 1 or 2 seconds) before realizing there's no more data and returning 0. I tried to set the socket to non-blocking, but this doesn't work, as sometimes it returns EWOULDBLOCKING even if there's some data left (lighttpd + cgi can be quite slow). I tried to set a timeout with select(), but, as above, a slow cgi could timeout the socket when there's actually some data to transmit. How would you do?

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  • How can I get the source code for ASTassistant?

    - by cyclotis04
    I'm trying to develop an application similar to ASTassistant, and in the article the author says that he included "the source code with the binaries." After downloading the ZIP folder, however, I've found no source. The program is written in REAL Basic, which I don't know anything about. Do I need to purchase REAL Basic to view ASTassistant's source code, or is it somewhere I haven't looked? Thanks

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  • How do I handle partial write completions from overlapped I/O using I/O Completion Ports

    - by Poni
    On Windows I/O completion ports, say I do this: void function() { WSASend("1111"); // A WSASend("2222"); // B WSASend("3333"); // C } If I got a "write-complete" that says 3 bytes of WSASend() A were sent, is it possible that right after that I'll get a "write-complete" that tells me that some or all of B & C were sent, or will TCP will hold them until I re-issue a WSASend() call with the rest of A's data? Or will TCP complete it automatically?

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  • Please Help me add up the elements for this structure in Scheme/Lisp

    - by kunjaan
    I have an input which is of this form: (((lady-in-water . 1.25) (snake . 1.75) (run . 2.25) (just-my-luck . 1.5)) ((lady-in-water . 0.8235294117647058) (snake . 0.5882352941176471) (just-my-luck . 0.8235294117647058)) ((lady-in-water . 0.8888888888888888) (snake . 1.5555555555555554) (just-my-luck . 1.3333333333333333))) (context: the word denotes a movie and the number denotes the weighted rating submitted by the user) I need to add all the quantity and return a list which looks something like this ((lady-in-water 2.5) (snake 2.5) (run 2.25) (just-myluck 2.6)) How do I traverse the list and all the quantities? I am really stumped. Please help me. Thanks.

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  • What is your favourite cleverly written functional code?

    - by sdcvvc
    What are your favourite short, mind-blowing snippets in functional languages? My two favourite ones are (Haskell): powerset = filterM (const [True, False]) foldl f v xs = foldr (\x g a -> g (f a x)) id xs v -- from Hutton's tutorial (I tagged the question as Haskell, but examples in all languages - including non-FP ones - are welcome as long as they are in functional spirit.)

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  • What languages should a microISV use to write commercial software?

    - by Wal
    I've been writing software in Java for many years now, but it was always for internal applications that would be deployed to a server. I'd like to get into writing desktop applications now but I don't know where to start. I've written a few Java/Swing applications but again they were for internal use. My understanding is that Java and other semi-compiled and interpreted languages are too easy to reverse engineer, making them unsuitable for commercial software. I am aware that there are compilers for Java and some other interpreted language, but I've also heard that they are pricey and/or unreliable. Assuming I start a microISV and wish to develop and sell applications to a broad audience, what's my best bet? I would prefer something that can be written close to once, and compiled for different operating systems but I am not opposed to .NET and a Windows-only audience if other languages would compromise the experience (installation ease & user experience) in Windows. My only issue there is that I don't have a large starting budget and paying out the wazoo for the required development tools is not really in the cards.

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  • How can I demonstrate the benefits of abstractions to an old-time C programmer?

    - by Zaban Khuli
    Hi, there's this senior developer in my company that programs in C. I happen to be from functional background (ML, to be specific). This senior C programmer refuses to use abstractions because "abstraction is for lame programmers and _real_ programmers do not need it." I can not seem to convince him otherwise Is it a problem with only this programmer or do all C (and other lower level language) programmers have this opinion that abstraction is for lame programmers?

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  • How to simplify this code or a better design?

    - by Tattat
    I am developing a game, the game have different mode. Easy, Normal, and Difficult. So, I'm thinking about how to store the game mode. My first idea is using number to represent the difficulty. Easy = 0 Normal = 1 Difficult = 2 So, my code will have something like this: switch(gameMode){ case 0: //easy break; case 1: //normal break; case 3: //difficult break; } But I think it have some problems, if I add a new mode, for example, "Extreme", I need to add case 4... ... it seems not a gd design. So, I am thinking making a gameMode object, and different gameMode is sub class of the super class gameMode. The gameMode object is something like this: class GameMode{ int maxEnemyNumber; int maxWeaponNumber; public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = GameMode(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 0; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 0; return gm; } } class EasyMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 10; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 100; return gm; } } class NormalMode extends GameMode{ public static GameMode init(){ GameMode gm = super.init(); gm.maxEnemyNumber = 20; gm.maxWeaponNumber = 80; return gm; } } But I think it seems too "bulky" to create an object to store gameMode, my "gameMode" only store different variables for game settings.... Is that any simple way to store data only instead of making an Object? thz u.

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  • Is key 'chord' functionality provided by Win32/.net?

    - by John
    Several MS apps support the concept of chords, like "CTRL+X,Y" which means "holding down CTRL, press X, then Y". Is this a bespoke thing they (and other companies) implement, or is it built into any APIs? It would be nice to be able to set up event handlers or accelerators based on chords rather than write code to do it.

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  • Tips for learning MUMPS (M) / Cache?

    - by Jake
    I'm interested in getting involved/up to speed on VistA, the Veterans' Administrations open source medical records system. To that effect, I understand I should learn the MUMPS (M) language upon which the software is based. Does anyone have any getting started tips or book recommendations on this language and environment? Any tips on getting up to speed on VistA is appreciated as well. Audience: experienced developer/consultant. Thanx in adv.

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