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• How do you organise multiple git repositories?

  - by dbr

  With SVN, I had a single big repository I kept on a server, and checked-out on a few machines. This was a pretty good backup system, and allowed me easily work on any of the machines. I could checkout a specific project, commit and it updated the 'master' project, or I could checkout the entire thing. Now, I have a bunch of git repositories, for various projects, several of which are on github. I also have the SVN repository I mentioned, imported via the git-svn command.. Basically, I like having all my code (not just projects, but random snippets and scripts, some things like my CV, articles I've written, websites I've made and so on) in one big repository I can easily clone onto remote machines, or memory-sticks/harddrives as backup. The problem is, since it's a private repository, and git doesn't allow checking out of a specific folder (that I could push to github as a separate project, but have the changes appear in both the master-repo, and the sub-repos) I could use the git submodule system, but it doesn't act how I want it too (submodules are pointers to other repositories, and don't really contain the actual code, so it's useless for backup) Currently I have a folder of git-repos (for example, ~/code_projects/proj1/.git/ ~/code_projects/proj2/.git/), and after doing changes to proj1 I do git push github, then I copy the files into ~/Documents/code/python/projects/proj1/ and do a single commit (instead of the numerous ones in the individual repos). Then do git push backupdrive1, git push mymemorystick etc So, the question: How do your personal code and projects with git repositories, and keep them synced and backed-up?

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• Visual Studio 2008 Unit test does not pick up code changes unless I build the entire solution

  - by Orion Edwards

  Here's the scenario: Change my code: Change my unit test for that code With the cursor inside the unit test class/method, invoke VS2008's "Run tests in current context" command The visual studio "Output" window indicates that the code dll and the test dll both successfully build (in that order) The problem is however, that the unit test does not use the latest version of the dll which it has just built. Instead, it uses the previously built dll (which doesn't have the updated code in it), so the test fails. When adding a new method, this results in a MethodNotImplementedException, and when adding a class, it results in a TypeLoadException, both because the unit test thinks the new code is there, and it isn't!. If I'm just updating an existing method, then the test just fails due to incorrect results. I can 'work around' the problem by doing this Change my code: Change my unit test for that code Invoke VS2008's 'Build Solution' command With the cursor inside the unit test class/method, invoke VS2008's "Run tests in current context" command The problem is that doing a full build solution (even though nothing has changed) takes upwards of 30 seconds, as I have approx 50 C# projects, and VS2008 is not smart enough to realize that only 2 of them need to be looked at. Having to wait 30 seconds just to change 1 line of code and re-run a unit test is abysmal. Is there anything I can do to fix this? None of my code is in the GAC or anything funny like that, it's just ordinary old dll's (buiding against .NET 3.5SP1 on a win7/64bit machine) Please help!

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• Polymorphic urls with singular resources

  - by Brendon Muir

  I'm getting strange output when using the following routing setup: resources :warranty_types do resources :decisions end resource :warranty_review, :only => [] do resources :decisions end I have many warranty_types but only one warranty_review (thus the singular route declaration). The decisions are polymorphically associated with both. I have just a single decisions controller and a single _form.html.haml partial to render the form for a decision. This is the view code: = simple_form_for @decision, :url => [@decision_tree_owner, @decision.becomes(Decision)] do |form| The warranty_type url looks like this (for a new decision): /warranty_types/2/decisions whereas the warranty_review url looks like this: /admin/warranty_review/decisions.1 I think because the warranty_review id has no where to go, it's just getting appended to the end as an extension. Can someone explain what's going on here and how I might be able to fix it? I can work around it by trying to detect for a warranty_review class and substituting @decision_tree_owner with :warranty_review and this generates the correct url, but this is messy. I would have thought that the routing would be smart enough to realise that warranty_review is a singular resource and thus discard the id from the URL. This is Rails 3 by the way :)

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• Improving File Read Performance (single file, C++, Windows)

  - by david

  I have large (hundreds of MB or more) files that I need to read blocks from using C++ on Windows. Currently the relevant functions are: errorType LargeFile::read( void* data_out, __int64 start_position, __int64 size_bytes ) const { if( !m_open ) { // return error } else { seekPosition( start_position ); DWORD bytes_read; BOOL result = ReadFile( m_file, data_out, DWORD( size_bytes ), &bytes_read, NULL ); if( size_bytes != bytes_read || result != TRUE ) { // return error } } // return no error } void LargeFile::seekPosition( __int64 position ) const { LARGE_INTEGER target; target.QuadPart = LONGLONG( position ); SetFilePointerEx( m_file, target, NULL, FILE_BEGIN ); } The performance of the above does not seem to be very good. Reads are on 4K blocks of the file. Some reads are coherent, most are not. A couple questions: Is there a good way to profile the reads? What things might improve the performance? For example, would sector-aligning the data be useful? I'm relatively new to file i/o optimization, so suggestions or pointers to articles/tutorials would be helpful.

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• How to create a platform ontop of CSLA? <-- if in case it make sense

  - by Peejay

  Hi all! here is the senario, i'm developing an application using csla 3.8 / c#.net, the application will have different modules. its like an ERP, it will have accounting, daily time record, recruitment etc as modules. Now the requirement is to check for common entities per module and build a "platform" (<- the boss calls it that way) from it. for example, DTR will have an entity "employee", Recruitment will have "Applicant" so one common entity that you can derive from both that can be put in the platform is "Person". "Person" will contain typical info like name, address, contact info etc. I know it sounds like OOP 101. the thing is, i dont know how i am to go about it. how i wish it was just a simple inheritance but the requirement is like to create an API of some sort to be used by the modules using CSLA. in csla you create smart objects right, inheriting from the base classes of csla like businessListbase, readonlylistbase etc. right? what if for example i created a businessbase Applicant class, it will have properties like salary demand, availability date etc. now for the personal info i will need the "Person" from the "platform" and implement it to the applicant class. so in summary i have several questions: how to create such platform? if such platform is possible, how will it be implemented on each module's entities? (im already inheriting from base clases of csla) if incase 1 and 2 are possible, does it have advantages on development and maintenace of the app? the reason why i'm asking #3 is because the way i see it, even if i am able to create a platform for that, i will be needing to define properties of the platform entity on my module entities so to have validation and all. im sorry if i'm typing nonesense i'm really confused. hope someone could enlighten me. thank you all!

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• How do I use a jQuery not selector to select relative URLs?

  - by Matt

  I'm working on a little jQuery script to add Google Analytics pageTracker onclick data to all relative URLs on my forum, allowing me to track clicks to external sites. I don't want to add the onclick to internal links on forum.sitename or sitename, and I don't want to add them to any hrefs marked # or that start with /. My script below works nicely, but for one minor problem! All of the forum's URLs are relative and don't start with /. I appear to have no way to change that, so need to modify the jQuery below to prevent it adding the onclick to links like as it currently does. What I want to do, is to write a .not() function like .not("[href!^=http") to prevent jQuery from adding the onclick to any hrefs which do not start with http. However, .not() appears not to support this. I'm new to jQuery and can't figure this out. Any pointers would be massively appreciated. $(document).ready(function(){ // Get URL from a href var URL = $("a").attr('href'); // Add pageTracker data for GA tracking $("a") .not("[href^=#]") .not("[href^=http://forum.sitename]") .not("[href^=http://www.sitename]") .attr("onclick","pageTracker._trackEvent('Outgoing_Links', 'Forum', " + URL + ");") ; }); Thanks!

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• Digitally sign MS Office (Word, Excel, etc..) and PDF files on the server

  - by Sébastien Nussbaumer

  I need to digitally sign MS Office and PDF files that are stored on a server. I really mean a digital signature that is integrated in the document, according to each specific file formats. This is the process I had in mind : Create a hash of the file's content Send the hash to a custom written java applet in the browser The user encrypts the hash with his/her private key (on an usb token via PKCS#11 for example), thus effectively signing the file. The applet then sends the signature to the server On the server I would then incorporate the signature in the file's (MS Office and PDF files can do that without changing the file's content, probably by just setting some metadata field) What is cool is that you never have to download and upload the complete file to the server again. What is even cooler, the customer doesn't need Office or PDF Writer to sign the files. Parts 2, 3 and 4 are OK for me, my company bought all the JAVA technology I need for that for a previous project I worked on. Problem : I can't seem to find any documentation/examples to do parts 1 and 5 for Office files . Are my google skills failing me this time ? Do you have any pointers to documentation or examples for doing that for MS Office files ? The underlying technology isn't that important to me : I can use Java, .Net, COM, any working technology is OK ! Note : I'm 95% sure I can nail points 1 and 5 for PDF files using iText Thanks ** Edit : If I can't do that with hashes and must download the complete file to the client, it's also possible. But then I still need the documentation to be able to sign Office file... in java this time (from an applet)

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• Checkbox alignment in Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome

  - by Andrej

  Checkbox alignment with its label (i.e., vertical centering) cross different web browsers makes me crazy. Pasted below is standard html code: <label for="ch"><input id="ch" type="checkbox">My Checkbox</label> I tested different CSS tricks (e.g., link 1, link 2); most solutions works fine in FF, but are completely off in Chrome or IE8. I'm looking for any references or pointers to solve this issue. Thanks in advance. EDIT According to Elq suggestion I modified the HTML <div class="row"> <input type="checkbox" id="ch1" /> <label for="ch1">Test</label> </div> and CSS .row{ display: table-row; } label{ display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; } Works now in Firefox, Internet Explorer 8, and Chrome on Windows. Fails on Firefox and Chrome on Linux. Also works in Firefox and Safari on Mac, but fails on Chrome.

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• How to partition bits in a bit array with less than linear time

  - by SiLent SoNG

  This is an interview question I faced recently. Given an array of 1 and 0, find a way to partition the bits in place so that 0's are grouped together, and 1's are grouped together. It does not matter whether 1's are ahead of 0's or 0's are ahead of 1's. An example input is 101010101, and output is either 111110000 or 000011111. Solve the problem in less than linear time. Make the problem simpler. The input is an integer array, with each element either 1 or 0. Output is the same integer array with integers partitioned well. To me, this is an easy question if it can be solved in O(N). My approach is to use two pointers, starting from both ends of the array. Increases and decreases each pointer; if it does not point to the correct integer, swap the two. int * start = array; int * end = array + length - 1; while (start < end) { // Assume 0 always at the end if (*end == 0) { --end; continue; } // Assume 1 always at the beginning if (*start == 1) { ++start; continue; } swap(*start, *end); } However, the interview insists there is a sub-linear solution. This makes me thinking hard but still not get an answer. Can anyone help on this interview question?

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• Execute a function to affect different template class instances

  - by Samer Afach

  I have a complicated problem, and I need help. I have a base case, class ParamBase { string paramValue; //... } and a bunch of class templates with different template parameters. template <typename T> class Param : public ParamBase { T value; //... } Now, each instance of Param has different template parameter, double, int, string... etc. To make it easier, I have a vector to their base class pointers that contains all the instances that have been created: vector<ParamBase*> allParamsObjects; The question is: How can I run a single function (global or member or anything, your choice), that converts all of those different instances' strings paramValue with different templates arguments and save the conversion result to the appropriate type in Param::value. This has to be run over all objects that are saved in the vector allParamsObjects. So if the template argument of the first Param is double, paramValue has to be converted to double and saved in value; and if the second Param's argument is int, then the paramValue of the second has to be converted to int and saved in value... etc. I feel it's almost impossible... Any help would be highly appreciated :-)

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• Ideas in implenting the following entry form in ASP.NET MVC 2

  - by KiD0M4N

  Hi guys, I have a very simple data entry form to implement. It looks like this: Obviously I have mocked out the actual requirements but the essence is similar. Entering a name and clicking history should bring up a pop up pointing to the url '/student/viewhistory/{name}' Name and age are required fields The sub form (in the mockup) with Class (a drop down, containing the numbers 1 - 10) and Subject (containing A - D, say) form a unique pair of values for which a score is required. So, selecting the Class and Subject, entering a score and clicking on Add should 'add' this record for the student. Then the user should be able to click Save (to persist the entry to the database) or be able to add further (class, subject, score) pairs to the entry. Any ideas how to smartly implement this? (I am coming from a DWH field... so thinking in a stateless manner is slightly foreign to me.) Any help is appreciated. I would imagine a smart use of jQuery would give a easy solution. Regards, Karan

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• how to merge ecommerce transaction data between two databases

  - by yamspog

  We currently run an ecommerce solution for a leisure and travel company. Everytime we have a release, we must bring the ecommerce site down as we update database schema and the data access code. We are using a custom built ORM where each data entity is responsible for their own CRUD operations. This is accomplished by dynamically generating the SQL based on attributes in the data entity. For example, the data entity for an address would be... [tableName="address"] public class address : dataEntity { [column="address1"] public string address1; [column="city"] public string city; } So, if we add a new column to the database, we must update the schema of the database and also update the data entity. As you can expect, the business people are not too happy about this outage as it puts a crimp in their cash-flow. The operations people are not happy as they have to deal with a high-pressure time when database and applications are upgraded. The programmers are upset as they are constantly getting in trouble for the legacy system that they inherited. Do any of you smart people out there have some suggestions?

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• Multi-reader IPC solution?

  - by gct

  I'm working on a framework in C++ (just for fun for now), that lets the user write plugins that use a standard API to stream data between each other. There's going to be three basic transport mechanisms for the data: files, sockets, and some kind of IPC piping system. The system is set up so that for the non-file transport, each stream can have multiple readers. IE once a server socket it setup, multiple computers can connect and stream the data. I'm a little stuck at the multi-reader IPC system though. All my plugins run in threads so they live in the same address space, so some kind of shared memory system would work fine, I was thinking I'd write my own circular buffer with a write pointer and read pointers chassing it around the buffer, but I have my doubts that I can achieve the same performance as something like linux pipes. I'm curious what people would suggest for a multi-reader solution to something like this? Is the overhead for pipes or domain sockets low enough that I could just open a connection to each reader and issue separate writes to each reader? This is intended to be significant volumes of data (tens of mega-samples/sec), so performance is a must.

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• How to make use of Grails Dependencies in your IDE

  - by raoulsson

  Hi All, So I finally got my dependencies working with Grails. Now, how can my IDE, eg IntelliJ or Eclipse, take advantage of it? Or do I really have to manually manage what classes my IDE knows about at "development time"? If the BuildConfig.groovy script is setup right (see here), you will be able to code away with vi or your favorite editor without any troubles, then run grails compile which will resolve and download the dependencies into the Ivy cache and off you go... If, however, you are using an IDE like Eclipse or IntelliJ, you will need the dependencies at hand while coding. Obviously - as these animals will need them for the "real time" error detection/compilation process. Now, while it is certainly possible to code with all the classes shining up in bright red all over the place that are unknown to your IDE, it is certainly not much fun... The Maven support or whatever it is officially called lives happily with the pom file, no extra "jar directory" pointers needed, at least in IntelliJ. I would like to be able to do the same with Grails dependencies. Currently I am defining them in the BuildConfig.groovy and additionally I copy/paste the current jars around on my local disk and let the IDE point to it. Not very satisfactory, as I am working in a highly volatile project module environment with respect to code change. And this situation ports me directly into "jar hell", as my "develop- and build-dependencies" easily get out of sync and I have to manage manually, that is, with my brain... And my brain should be busy with other stuff... Thanks! Raoul P.S: I'm currently using Grails 1.2M4 and IntelliJ 92.105. But feel free to add answers on future versions of Grails and different, future IDEs, as the come in...

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• How to handle 'this' pointer in constructor?

  - by Kyle

  I have objects which create other child objects within their constructors, passing 'this' so the child can save a pointer back to its parent. I use boost::shared_ptr extensively in my programming as a safer alternative to std::auto_ptr or raw pointers. So the child would have code such as shared_ptr<Parent>, and boost provides the shared_from_this() method which the parent can give to the child. My problem is that shared_from_this() cannot be used in a constructor, which isn't really a crime because 'this' should not be used in a constructor anyways unless you know what you're doing and don't mind the limitations. Google's C++ Style Guide states that constructors should merely set member variables to their initial values. Any complex initialization should go in an explicit Init() method. This solves the 'this-in-constructor' problem as well as a few others as well. What bothers me is that people using your code now must remember to call Init() every time they construct one of your objects. The only way I can think of to enforce this is by having an assertion that Init() has already been called at the top of every member function, but this is tedious to write and cumbersome to execute. Are there any idioms out there that solve this problem at any step along the way?

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• nullable bool is being passed to the controller null all the time regardless of the value

  - by user1807954

  I'm trying to pass a nullable bool to my controller. But when I pass the bool value from my view to the controller, it's being passed null all the time regardless of the value it has in my view. Here is my view: @model Cars.Models.Car @using (Html.BeginForm("Index", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "CategoryFormID"})) { <label>Convertible:</label> <input type="checkbox" id="ConvertibleID" name="convertible"/> <button type="submit" name="submit" value="search" id="SubmitID">Search</button> } And my controller: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Index(bool? convertible){ var cars = from d in db.Car select d; if (convertible.HasValue) { cars = cars.Where(x => x.Convertible == convertible); } return View("SearchResult", cars); } I also have other fields such as drop down lists and text fields, but they're being passed flawless. Any help would be really appreciated. Update: Thank you for your fast responds. However, I did try giving it a value="True" as you guys suggested. There is only 2 options now: null and true. But my intention is to use nullable bool to have three options: null (when user doesn't touch the checkbox), true(checked) and false(unchecked). I know it sounds not smart and silly, but I'm just trying to figure out how nullable bool is working, and what is the intention of having such a thing in C# (I'm new with C#). I was wondering if it is possible to do so with just checkbox and without the use of dropdownlist or radio buttons.

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• XmlSerializer 'forgetting' my namespace

  - by Michel

  Hi, i have to create an XML file with all the elements prefixed, like this: <ps:Request num="123" xmlns:ps="www.ladieda.com"> <ps:ClientId>5566</ps:ClientId> <ps:Request> When i serialize my object, c# is smart and does this: <Request num="123" xmlns="www.ladieda.com"> <ClientId>5566</ClientId> <Request> That is good, because the ps: is not necessary. But is there a way to force C# to serialize all the prefixes? My serialize code is this (for incoming object pObject): String XmlizedString = null; MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(); XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(pObject.GetType()); XmlTextWriter xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(memoryStream, Encoding.UTF8); xs.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, pObject); memoryStream = (MemoryStream)xmlTextWriter.BaseStream; XmlizedString = UTF8ByteArrayToString(memoryStream.ToArray()); return XmlizedString; private String UTF8ByteArrayToString(Byte[] characters) { UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding(); String constructedString = encoding.GetString(characters); return (constructedString); }

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• loading a href's content into a shadowbox using .load() HELP!!!

  - by kielie

  <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#wp-calendar a').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); var url = $(this).attr('href') + ' #content'; var loaded = Shadowbox.load(url); Shadowbox.open({ content: loaded, player: "html", title: "<?php the_title(); ?>", height: 300, width: 470, }); }); }); </script> That is the code I am using to try and display content in a shadowbox, I am using the default wordpress calendar and with jQuery/AJAX (if I am not mistaken) adding this click event to every link in the calendar, so that when a link is clicked, the content is loaded and displayed in a shadowbox instead of opening on a new page. When I click on one of the links all I get inside of the shadowbox is "undefined". As I am sure you can see in my code, I am still very new to this, so any help or pointers would be appreciated. Thanx in advance!

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• Compiling Wanderlust for Windows and use it for Gmail.

  - by User1

  I'm trying to get Wanderlust working in Windows to connect to Gmail. Compiling the code is much more painful than expected. Here are the barriers so far: Can't download dependent packages: SEMI, APEL, and FLIM. I eventually found newer versions, but I'm not sure they will work. Anyone have the older versions? Needs make and install. I used MSYS and it seems to have compiled okay. SSL support. I was getting a "Cannot open load file: ssl" error. I found an ssl.el that comes with w3. So installed w3. Bash command in ssl.el: ssl-get-command is running something from /bin/sh (not a directory I have in Windows). I really don't want to refactor this code. Is there a better way? Others speak very highly of Wanderlust, so I want to give it a try. I feel like I'm almost there, but am pretty much worn out with all the crazy configuration I have to do. Does anyone have this working on Windows? I'm pretty sure it will work with Gmail, because of this post. But will it work in Windows too? If you have a few pointers, please help.

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• Open an Emacs buffer when a command tries to open an editor in shell-mode

  - by Chris Conway

  I like to use Emacs' shell mode, but it has a few deficiencies. One of those is that it's not smart enough to open a new buffer when a shell command tries to invoke an editor. For example with the environment variable VISUAL set to vim I get the following from svn propedit: $ svn propedit svn:externals . "svn-prop.tmp" 2L, 149C[1;1H ~ [4;1H~ [5;1H~ [6;1H~ [7;1H~ ... (It may be hard to tell from the representation, but it's a horrible, ugly mess.) With VISUAL set to "emacs -nw", I get $ svn propedit svn:externals . emacs: Terminal type "dumb" is not powerful enough to run Emacs. It lacks the ability to position the cursor. If that is not the actual type of terminal you have, use the Bourne shell command `TERM=... export TERM' (C-shell: `setenv TERM ...') to specify the correct type. It may be necessary to do `unset TERMINFO' (C-shell: `unsetenv TERMINFO') as well.svn: system('emacs -nw svn-prop.tmp') returned 256 (It works with VISUAL set to just emacs, but only from inside an Emacs X window, not inside a terminal session.) Is there a way to get shell mode to do the right thing here and open up a new buffer on behalf of the command line process?

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• Looking for Opinions and Sugestions on my Website. (General Question)

  - by MrEnder

  I am looking for general opinions and suggestions about the site in whole. Its ok I don't mind hearing where I went wrong on anything. I'm still learning. All tips and pointers on any subject relating are highly welcome. If you are going to make a suggestion and post a snippet or code please explain how it works in detail. The site was design as a interface to display the labs I have to do in my college (the labs are all basic things that I'm way beyond). So I decided to take it all to the next level with this. The link is http://opentech.durhamcollege.ca/~intn2201/brittains/labs/ It is 100% designed by me with the exception of the icons. (I could not think of anything better to draw) There is no specific area of the site I want suggestions or opinions on this is a general question. You may answer about the site in whole or an area of the coding just please specify. If you have any questions related to my site or code you may ask them as well. Thank you for your time and any comments Shelby

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• How to deal with seniors' bad coding style/practices?

  - by KaluSingh Gabbar

  I am new to work but the company I work in hires a lot of non-comp-science people who are smart enough to get the work done (complex) but lack the style and practices that should help other people read their code. For example they adopt C++ but still use C-like 3 page functions which drives new folks nuts when they try to read that. Also we feel very risky changing it as it's never easy to be sure we are not breaking something. Now, I am involved in the project with these guys and I can't change the entire code base myself or design so that code looks good, what can I do in this situation? PS we actually have 3 page functions & because we do not have a concept of design, all we can do is assume what they might have thought as there is no way to know why is it designed the way it is. I am not complaining.I am asking for suggestion,already reading some books to solve the issues Pragmatic Programmer; Design portion from B.Stroustrup; Programming and principles by B.Stroustrup;

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• design an extendable database model

  - by wishi_

  Hi! Currently I'm doing a project whose specifications are unclear - well who doesn't. I wonder what's the best development strategy to design a DB, that's going to be extended sooner or later with additional tables and relations. I want to include "changeability". My main concern is that I want to apply design patterns (it's a university project) and I want to separate the constant factors from those, that change by choosing appropriate design patterns - in my case MVC and a set of sub-patterns at model level. When it comes to the DB however, I may have to resdesign my model in my MVC approach, because my domain model at a later stage my require a different set of classes representing the DB tables. I use Hibernate as an abstraction layer between DB and application. Would you start with a very minimal DB, just a few tables and relations? And what if I want an efficient DB, too? I wonder what strategies are applied in the real world. Stakeholder analysis for example isn't a sufficient planing solution when it comes to changing requirements. I think - at a DB level - my design pattern ends. So there's breach whose impact I'd like to minimize with a smart strategy.

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• How to re-prompt after a trap return in bash?

  - by verbose

  I have a script that is supposed to trap SIGTERM and SIGTSTP. This is what I have in the main block: trap 'killHandling' TERM And in the function: killHandling () { echo received kill signal, ignoring return } ... and similar for SIGINT. The problem is one of user interface. The script prompts the user for some input, and if the SIGTERM or SIGINT occurs when the script is waiting for input, it's confusing. Here is the output in that case: Enter something: # SIGTERM received received kill signal, ignoring # shell waits at blank line for user input, user gets confused # user hits "return", which then gets read as blank input from the user # bad things happen because of the blank input I have definitely seen scripts which handle this more elegantly, like so: Enter something: # SIGTERM received received kill signal, ignoring Enter something: # re-prompts user for user input, user is not confused What is the mechanism used to accomplish the latter? Unfortunately I can't simply change my trap code to do the re-prompt as the script prompts the user for several things and what the prompt says is context-dependent. And there has to be a better way than writing context-dependent trap functions. I'd be very grateful for any pointers. Thanks!

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• How to implement a network protocol?

  - by gotch4

  Here is a generic question. I'm not in search of the best answer, I'd just like you to express your favourite practices. I want to implement a network protocol in Java (but this is a rather general question, I faced the same issues in C++), this is not the first time, as I have done this before. But I think I am missing a good way to implement it. In fact usually it's all about exchanging text messages and some byte buffers between hosts, storing the status and wait until the next message comes. The problem is that I usually end up with a bunch of switch and more or less complex if statements that react to different statuses / messages. The whole thing usually gets complicated and hard to mantain. Not to mention that sometimes what comes out has some "blind spot", I mean statuses of the protocol that have not been covered and that behave in a unpredictable way. I tried to write down some state machine classes, that take care of checking start and end statuses for each action in more or less smart ways. This makes programming the protocol very complicated as I have to write lines and lines of code to cover every possible situation. What I'd like is something like a good pattern, or a best practice that is used in programming complex protocols, easy to mantain and to extend and very readable. What are your suggestions?

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