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• Can VMWare Workstation 7.x and Sun VirtualBox 3.1.x co-exist on the same Windows7 64bit HOST togethe

  - by Heston T. Holtmann

  BACKGROUND INFO: My Old Workstation Host: 32bit Ubuntu 9.04 running Sun Virtual Box 3.x hosting Windows-XP VM Guest for Windows Software app development (VS2008, etc) My New Workstation Host: 64bit Windows7 running VMWare Workstation 7 to host 32bit Ubuntu 9.10 for linux project work. NEEDS: I need to get my original Sun-VBox Windows-XP Guest running on my new Windows7 Workstation either imported into VMWare or running on the Windows version of Sun-Virtual box (I have the VM-Guest Backed up and copied to the new computer data drive. PROBLEM: I don't need to run VM's from Both Virtual-Machine Software packages at the same time... but I do need to run some older Virtual-Machines from Sun-Virtualbox on the same 64bit Windows7 host until I can migrate those VM's to VMWare. Before switching from Linux HOST to Windows HOST, I ensured to export the VirtualBox VM to an OVF "appliance" with intentions of importing into VMWare Workstation 7.. but VMWare gives me an error stating it can't import it QUESTION: Will installing Sun Virtual Box bash or interfere with my VMWare installtion?

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• Generating EF Code First model classes from an existing database

  - by Jon Galloway

  Entity Framework Code First is a lightweight way to "turn on" data access for a simple CLR class. As the name implies, the intended use is that you're writing the code first and thinking about the database later. However, I really like the Entity Framework Code First works, and I want to use it in existing projects and projects with pre-existing databases. For example, MVC Music Store comes with a SQL Express database that's pre-loaded with a catalog of music (including genres, artists, and songs), and while it may eventually make sense to load that seed data from a different source, for the MVC 3 release we wanted to keep using the existing database. While I'm not getting the full benefit of Code First - writing code which drives the database schema - I can still benefit from the simplicity of the lightweight code approach. Scott Guthrie blogged about how to use entity framework with an existing database, looking at how you can override the Entity Framework Code First conventions so that it can work with a database which was created following other conventions. That gives you the information you need to create the model classes manually. However, it turns out that with Entity Framework 4 CTP 5, there's a way to generate the model classes from the database schema. Once the grunt work is done, of course, you can go in and modify the model classes as you'd like, but you can save the time and frustration of figuring out things like mapping SQL database types to .NET types. Note that this template requires Entity Framework 4 CTP 5 or later. You can install EF 4 CTP 5 here. Step One: Generate an EF Model from your existing database The code generation system in Entity Framework works from a model. You can add a model to your existing project and delete it when you're done, but I think it's simpler to just spin up a separate project to generate the model classes. When you're done, you can delete the project without affecting your application, or you may choose to keep it around in case you have other database schema updates which require model changes. I chose to add the Model classes to the Models folder of a new MVC 3 application. Right-click the folder and select "Add / New Item..."   Next, select ADO.NET Entity Data Model from the Data Templates list, and name it whatever you want (the name is unimportant).   Next, select "Generate from database." This is important - it's what kicks off the next few steps, which read your database's schema.   Now it's time to point the Entity Data Model Wizard at your existing database. I'll assume you know how to find your database - if not, I covered that a bit in the MVC Music Store tutorial section on Models and Data. Select your database, uncheck the "Save entity connection settings in Web.config" (since we won't be using them within the application), and click Next.   Now you can select the database objects you'd like modeled. I just selected all tables and clicked Finish.   And there's your model. If you want, you can make additional changes here before going on to generate the code.   Step Two: Add the DbContext Generator Like most code generation systems in Visual Studio lately, Entity Framework uses T4 templates which allow for some control over how the code is generated. K Scott Allen wrote a detailed article on T4 Templates and the Entity Framework on MSDN recently, if you'd like to know more. Fortunately for us, there's already a template that does just what we need without any customization. Right-click a blank space in the Entity Framework model surface and select "Add Code Generation Item..." Select the Code groupt in the Installed Templates section and pick the ADO.NET DbContext Generator. If you don't see this listed, make sure you've got EF 4 CTP 5 installed and that you're looking at the Code templates group. Note that the DbContext Generator template is similar to the EF POCO template which came out last year, but with "fix up" code (unnecessary in EF Code First) removed.   As soon as you do this, you'll two terrifying Security Warnings - unless you click the "Do not show this message again" checkbox the first time. It will also be displayed (twice) every time you rebuild the project, so I checked the box and no immediate harm befell my computer (fingers crossed!).   Here's the payoff: two templates (filenames ending with .tt) have been added to the project, and they've generated the code I needed.   The "MusicStoreEntities.Context.tt" template built a DbContext class which holds the entity collections, and the "MusicStoreEntities.tt" template build a separate class for each table I selected earlier. We'll customize them in the next step. I recommend copying all the generated .cs files into your application at this point, since accidentally rebuilding the generation project will overwrite your changes if you leave them there. Step Three: Modify and use your POCO entity classes Note: I made a bunch of tweaks to my POCO classes after they were generated. You don't have to do any of this, but I think it's important that you can - they're your classes, and EF Code First respects that. Modify them as you need for your application, or don't. The Context class derives from DbContext, which is what turns on the EF Code First features. It holds a DbSet for each entity. Think of DbSet as a simple List, but with Entity Framework features turned on.   //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Data.Entity; public partial class Entities : DbContext { public Entities() : base("name=Entities") { } public DbSet<Album> Albums { get; set; } public DbSet<Artist> Artists { get; set; } public DbSet<Cart> Carts { get; set; } public DbSet<Genre> Genres { get; set; } public DbSet<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; } public DbSet<Order> Orders { get; set; } } } It's a pretty lightweight class as generated, so I just took out the comments, set the namespace, removed the constructor, and formatted it a bit. Done. If I wanted, though, I could have added or removed DbSets, overridden conventions, etc. using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { public class MusicStoreEntities : DbContext { public DbSet Albums { get; set; } public DbSet Genres { get; set; } public DbSet Artists { get; set; } public DbSet Carts { get; set; } public DbSet Orders { get; set; } public DbSet OrderDetails { get; set; } } } Next, it's time to look at the individual classes. Some of mine were pretty simple - for the Cart class, I just need to remove the header and clean up the namespace. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public partial class Cart { // Primitive properties public int RecordId { get; set; } public string CartId { get; set; } public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int Count { get; set; } public System.DateTime DateCreated { get; set; } // Navigation properties public virtual Album Album { get; set; } } } I did a bit more customization on the Album class. Here's what was generated: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace EF_CodeFirst_From_Existing_Database.Models { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; public partial class Album { public Album() { this.Carts = new HashSet(); this.OrderDetails = new HashSet(); } // Primitive properties public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int GenreId { get; set; } public int ArtistId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } // Navigation properties public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual ICollection Carts { get; set; } public virtual ICollection OrderDetails { get; set; } } } I removed the header, changed the namespace, and removed some of the navigation properties. One nice thing about EF Code First is that you don't have to have a property for each database column or foreign key. In the Music Store sample, for instance, we build the app up using code first and start with just a few columns, adding in fields and navigation properties as the application needs them. EF Code First handles the columsn we've told it about and doesn't complain about the others. Here's the basic class: using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { public class Album { public int AlbumId { get; set; } public int GenreId { get; set; } public int ArtistId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual List OrderDetails { get; set; } } } It's my class, not Entity Framework's, so I'm free to do what I want with it. I added a bunch of MVC 3 annotations for scaffolding and validation support, as shown below: using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace MvcMusicStore.Models { [Bind(Exclude = "AlbumId")] public class Album { [ScaffoldColumn(false)] public int AlbumId { get; set; } [DisplayName("Genre")] public int GenreId { get; set; } [DisplayName("Artist")] public int ArtistId { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "An Album Title is required")] [StringLength(160)] public string Title { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "Price is required")] [Range(0.01, 100.00, ErrorMessage = "Price must be between 0.01 and 100.00")] public decimal Price { get; set; } [DisplayName("Album Art URL")] [StringLength(1024)] public string AlbumArtUrl { get; set; } public virtual Genre Genre { get; set; } public virtual Artist Artist { get; set; } public virtual List<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; } } } The end result was that I had working EF Code First model code for the finished application. You can follow along through the tutorial to see how I built up to the finished model classes, starting with simple 2-3 property classes and building up to the full working schema. Thanks to Diego Vega (on the Entity Framework team) for pointing me to the DbContext template.

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• Why my computer working without harddisc with livecd, but with hardisk not working - computer not response to any signals?

  - by Yosef

  Hi, History of problem: I formated computer (HP Pavalion Desktop). When I restart computer - computer come to first screen before boot and not response to any signals (f2, f10, ESC, etc..) I take out motherboad battery return after time back and power computer - result : as before I disconnect wires of hard-disk and insert livecd UBUNTU to cd and power coputer: result: works without hard-disk. What is the root of problem: hard-disk broken? hard-disk wires not working well? BIOS? other reason How can I fix the problem?(Buy new hard disk etc...) Thanks, Yosef

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• Working with Visual Studio Web Development Server and IE6 in XP Mode on Windows 7

  - by Igor Milovanovic

  (Brian Reiter from  thoughtful computing has described this setup in this StackOverflow thread. The credit for the idea is entirely his, I have just extended it with some step by step descriptions and added some links and screenhots.)   If you are forced  to still support Internet Explorer 6, you can setup following combination on your machine to make the development for it less painful. A common problem if you are developing on Windows 7 is that you can’t install IE6 on your machine. (Not that you want that anyway). So you will probably end up working locally with IE8 and FF, and test your IE6 compatibility on a separate machine. This can get quite annoying, because you will have to maintain two different development environments, not have all the tools available, etc.   You can help yourself by installing IE6 in a Windows 7 XP Mode, which is basically just an Windows XP running in a virtual machine.   [1] Windows XP Mode installation   After you have installed and configured your XP mode (remember the security settings like Windows Update and antivirus software), you can add the shortcut to the IE6 in the virtual machine to the “all users” start menu. This shortcut will be replicated to your windows 7 XP mode start menu, and you will be able to seamlessly start your IE 6 as a normal window on your Windows 7 desktop.   [2] Configure IE6 for the Windows 7 installation   If you configure your XP – Mode to use (Shared Networking)  NAT, you can now use IE6 to browse the sites in the internet. (add proxy settings to IE6 if necessary)                       The problem now is that you can’t connect to the webdev server which is running on your local machine. This is because web development server is crippled to allow only local connections for security reasons.   In order to trick webdev in believing that the requests are coming from local machine itself you can use a light weight proxy like privoxy on your host (windows 7) machine and configure the IE6 running in the virtual host.   The first step is to make the host machine (running windows 7) reachable from the virtual machine (running XP). In order to do that, you can install the loopback adapter, and configure it to use an IP which is routable from the virtual machine. In example screenshot (192.168.1.66).   [3] How to install loopback adapter in Windows 7   After installation you can assign a static IP which is routable from the virtual machine (in example 192.168.1.66)                     The next step is to configure privoxy to listen on that IP address (using some not used port, in example, the default port 8118)   Change following line in config.txt:   # #      Suppose you are running Privoxy on an IPv6-capable machine and #      you want it to listen on the IPv6 address of the loopback device: # #        listen-address [::1]:8118 # # listen-address  192.168.1.66:8118   The last step is to configure the IE6 to use Privoxy which is running on your Windows 7 host machine as proxy for all addresses (including localhost)                             And now you can use your Windows7 XP Mode IE6 to connect to your Visual Studio’s webdev web server.                         [4] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/683151/connect-remotely-to-webdev-webserver-exe

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• Vagrant: VirtualBox: Headless Ubuntu: How to set up bridged networking?

  - by Jay Godse

  I am trying to set up a Vagrant VirtualBox (v4.2.4) virtual machine with a Ubuntu "box" which I got from www.vagrantbox.es. I was able to use Vagrant to set it up as a headless box and start it, and then I was able to ssh locally into it (using 127.0.0.1:2222), connect the internet and sun a bunch of "sudo apt-get" commands to update it and install new software. I would like to be able to access this virtual machine on my network, so I need a bridged network adapter for the virtual box. When I went to the VirtualBox console for this device, and tried to set up bridged networking, it said that I needed the "guest additions". I tried to install them and I couldn't get the .iso file for the guest additions. I went elsewhere on the 'net and it seems that I had to run "sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions-iso" from the virtual machine in order to get bridged networking. I tried this, and it installed fine after a couple of reboots. I then tried to set up bridged networking again (VirtualBox console to Devices-Network Adaptors...) but it didn't work. What, or what else do I need to do to set up bridged networking in this virtual machine? I appreciate any help that I can get.

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• Fix overlapping partitions

  - by Alex

  I have problem with overlapping partitions. GParted shows me all my disk as unallocated area, output of fdisk below: alex@alex-ThinkPad-SL510:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfb4b9b90 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2457599 1227776 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 2457600 571351724 284447062+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 571342846 604661759 16659457 5 Extended /dev/sda4 604661760 625137663 10237952 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda5 598650880 604661759 3005440 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 571342848 598650879 13654016 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Do I understand correctly that overlapping partitions are sda2 and sda3 (sda2 and sda6 overlaps too, because sda6 is the first chunk of sda3, sda3 has type "extended")? Are sda2 and sda3 the cause of problem? How can i fix it without deleting partitions? My OS is Ubuntu 12.04, 64 bit. Thanks in advance.

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• What's up with OCFS2?

  - by wcoekaer

  On Linux there are many filesystem choices and even from Oracle we provide a number of filesystems, all with their own advantages and use cases. Customers often confuse ACFS with OCFS or OCFS2 which then causes assumptions to be made such as one replacing the other etc... I thought it would be good to write up a summary of how OCFS2 got to where it is, what we're up to still, how it is different from other options and how this really is a cool native Linux cluster filesystem that we worked on for many years and is still widely used. Work on a cluster filesystem at Oracle started many years ago, in the early 2000's when the Oracle Database Cluster development team wrote a cluster filesystem for Windows that was primarily focused on providing an alternative to raw disk devices and help customers with the deployment of Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC). Oracle RAC is a cluster technology that lets us make a cluster of Oracle Database servers look like one big database. The RDBMS runs on many nodes and they all work on the same data. It's a Shared Disk database design. There are many advantages doing this but I will not go into detail as that is not the purpose of my write up. Suffice it to say that Oracle RAC expects all the database data to be visible in a consistent, coherent way, across all the nodes in the cluster. To do that, there were/are a few options : 1) use raw disk devices that are shared, through SCSI, FC, or iSCSI 2) use a network filesystem (NFS) 3) use a cluster filesystem(CFS) which basically gives you a filesystem that's coherent across all nodes using shared disks. It is sort of (but not quite) combining option 1 and 2 except that you don't do network access to the files, the files are effectively locally visible as if it was a local filesystem. So OCFS (Oracle Cluster FileSystem) on Windows was born. Since Linux was becoming a very important and popular platform, we decided that we would also make this available on Linux and thus the porting of OCFS/Windows started. The first version of OCFS was really primarily focused on replacing the use of Raw devices with a simple filesystem that lets you create files and provide direct IO to these files to get basically native raw disk performance. The filesystem was not designed to be fully POSIX compliant and it did not have any where near good/decent performance for regular file create/delete/access operations. Cache coherency was easy since it was basically always direct IO down to the disk device and this ensured that any time one issues a write() command it would go directly down to the disk, and not return until the write() was completed. Same for read() any sort of read from a datafile would be a read() operation that went all the way to disk and return. We did not cache any data when it came down to Oracle data files. So while OCFS worked well for that, since it did not have much of a normal filesystem feel, it was not something that could be submitted to the kernel mail list for inclusion into Linux as another native linux filesystem (setting aside the Windows porting code ...) it did its job well, it was very easy to configure, node membership was simple, locking was disk based (so very slow but it existed), you could create regular files and do regular filesystem operations to a certain extend but anything that was not database data file related was just not very useful in general. Logfiles ok, standard filesystem use, not so much. Up to this point, all the work was done, at Oracle, by Oracle developers. Once OCFS (1) was out for a while and there was a lot of use in the database RAC world, many customers wanted to do more and were asking for features that you'd expect in a normal native filesystem, a real "general purposes cluster filesystem". So the team sat down and basically started from scratch to implement what's now known as OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster FileSystem release 2). Some basic criteria were : Design it with a real Distributed Lock Manager and use the network for lock negotiation instead of the disk Make it a Linux native filesystem instead of a native shim layer and a portable core Support standard Posix compliancy and be fully cache coherent with all operations Support all the filesystem features Linux offers (ACL, extended Attributes, quotas, sparse files,...) Be modern, support large files, 32/64bit, journaling, data ordered journaling, endian neutral, we can mount on both endian /cross architecture,.. Needless to say, this was a huge development effort that took many years to complete. A few big milestones happened along the way... OCFS2 was development in the open, we did not have a private tree that we worked on without external code review from the Linux Filesystem maintainers, great folks like Christopher Hellwig reviewed the code regularly to make sure we were not doing anything out of line, we submitted the code for review on lkml a number of times to see if we were getting close for it to be included into the mainline kernel. Using this development model is standard practice for anyone that wants to write code that goes into the kernel and having any chance of doing so without a complete rewrite or.. shall I say flamefest when submitted. It saved us a tremendous amount of time by not having to re-fit code for it to be in a Linus acceptable state. Some other filesystems that were trying to get into the kernel that didn't follow an open development model had a lot harder time and a lot harsher criticism. March 2006, when Linus released 2.6.16, OCFS2 officially became part of the mainline kernel, it was accepted a little earlier in the release candidates but in 2.6.16. OCFS2 became officially part of the mainline Linux kernel tree as one of the many filesystems. It was the first cluster filesystem to make it into the kernel tree. Our hope was that it would then end up getting picked up by the distribution vendors to make it easy for everyone to have access to a CFS. Today the source code for OCFS2 is approximately 85000 lines of code. We made OCFS2 production with full support for customers that ran Oracle database on Linux, no extra or separate support contract needed. OCFS2 1.0.0 started being built for RHEL4 for x86, x86-64, ppc, s390x and ia64. For RHEL5 starting with OCFS2 1.2. SuSE was very interested in high availability and clustering and decided to build and include OCFS2 with SLES9 for their customers and was, next to Oracle, the main contributor to the filesystem for both new features and bug fixes. Source code was always available even prior to inclusion into mainline and as of 2.6.16, source code was just part of a Linux kernel download from kernel.org, which it still is, today. So the latest OCFS2 code is always the upstream mainline Linux kernel. OCFS2 is the cluster filesystem used in Oracle VM 2 and Oracle VM 3 as the virtual disk repository filesystem. Since the filesystem is in the Linux kernel it's released under the GPL v2 The release model has always been that new feature development happened in the mainline kernel and we then built consistent, well tested, snapshots that had versions, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8. But these releases were effectively just snapshots in time that were tested for stability and release quality. OCFS2 is very easy to use, there's a simple text file that contains the node information (hostname, node number, cluster name) and a file that contains the cluster heartbeat timeouts. It is very small, and very efficient. As Sunil Mushran wrote in the manual : OCFS2 is an efficient, easily configured, quickly installed, fully integrated and compatible, feature-rich, architecture and endian neutral, cache coherent, ordered data journaling, POSIX-compliant, shared disk cluster file system. Here is a list of some of the important features that are included : Variable Block and Cluster sizes Supports block sizes ranging from 512 bytes to 4 KB and cluster sizes ranging from 4 KB to 1 MB (increments in power of 2). Extent-based Allocations Tracks the allocated space in ranges of clusters making it especially efficient for storing very large files. Optimized Allocations Supports sparse files, inline-data, unwritten extents, hole punching and allocation reservation for higher performance and efficient storage. File Cloning/snapshots REFLINK is a feature which introduces copy-on-write clones of files in a cluster coherent way. Indexed Directories Allows efficient access to millions of objects in a directory. Metadata Checksums Detects silent corruption in inodes and directories. Extended Attributes Supports attaching an unlimited number of name:value pairs to the file system objects like regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc. Advanced Security Supports POSIX ACLs and SELinux in addition to the traditional file access permission model. Quotas Supports user and group quotas. Journaling Supports both ordered and writeback data journaling modes to provide file system consistency in the event of power failure or system crash. Endian and Architecture neutral Supports a cluster of nodes with mixed architectures. Allows concurrent mounts on nodes running 32-bit and 64-bit, little-endian (x86, x86_64, ia64) and big-endian (ppc64) architectures. In-built Cluster-stack with DLM Includes an easy to configure, in-kernel cluster-stack with a distributed lock manager. Buffered, Direct, Asynchronous, Splice and Memory Mapped I/Os Supports all modes of I/Os for maximum flexibility and performance. Comprehensive Tools Support Provides a familiar EXT3-style tool-set that uses similar parameters for ease-of-use. The filesystem was distributed for Linux distributions in separate RPM form and this had to be built for every single kernel errata release or every updated kernel provided by the vendor. We provided builds from Oracle for Oracle Linux and all kernels released by Oracle and for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. SuSE provided the modules directly for every kernel they shipped. With the introduction of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux and our interest in reducing the overhead of building filesystem modules for every minor release, we decide to make OCFS2 available as part of UEK. There was no more need for separate kernel modules, everything was built-in and a kernel upgrade automatically updated the filesystem, as it should. UEK allowed us to not having to backport new upstream filesystem code into an older kernel version, backporting features into older versions introduces risk and requires extra testing because the code is basically partially rewritten. The UEK model works really well for continuing to provide OCFS2 without that extra overhead. Because the RHEL kernel did not contain OCFS2 as a kernel module (it is in the source tree but it is not built by the vendor in kernel module form) we stopped adding the extra packages to Oracle Linux and its RHEL compatible kernel and for RHEL. Oracle Linux customers/users obviously get OCFS2 included as part of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, SuSE customers get it by SuSE distributed with SLES and Red Hat can decide to distribute OCFS2 to their customers if they chose to as it's just a matter of compiling the module and making it available. OCFS2 today, in the mainline kernel is pretty much feature complete in terms of integration with every filesystem feature Linux offers and it is still actively maintained with Joel Becker being the primary maintainer. Since we use OCFS2 as part of Oracle VM, we continue to look at interesting new functionality to add, REFLINK was a good example, and as such we continue to enhance the filesystem where it makes sense. Bugfixes and any sort of code that goes into the mainline Linux kernel that affects filesystems, automatically also modifies OCFS2 so it's in kernel, actively maintained but not a lot of new development happening at this time. We continue to fully support OCFS2 as part of Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and other vendors make their own decisions on support as it's really a Linux cluster filesystem now more than something that we provide to customers. It really just is part of Linux like EXT3 or BTRFS etc, the OS distribution vendors decide. Do not confuse OCFS2 with ACFS (ASM cluster Filesystem) also known as Oracle Cloud Filesystem. ACFS is a filesystem that's provided by Oracle on various OS platforms and really integrates into Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management). It's a very powerful Cluster Filesystem but it's not distributed as part of the Operating System, it's distributed with the Oracle Database product and installs with and lives inside Oracle ASM. ACFS obviously is fully supported on Linux (Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux) but OCFS2 independently as a native Linux filesystem is also, and continues to also be supported. ACFS is very much tied into the Oracle RDBMS, OCFS2 is just a standard native Linux filesystem with no ties into Oracle products. Customers running the Oracle database and ASM really should consider using ACFS as it also provides storage/clustered volume management. Customers wanting to use a simple, easy to use generic Linux cluster filesystem should consider using OCFS2. To learn more about OCFS2 in detail, you can find good documentation on http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2 in the Documentation area, or get the latest mainline kernel from http://kernel.org and read the source. One final, unrelated note - since I am not always able to publicly answer or respond to comments, I do not want to selectively publish comments from readers. Sometimes I forget to publish comments, sometime I publish them and sometimes I would publish them but if for some reason I cannot publicly comment on them, it becomes a very one-sided stream. So for now I am going to not publish comments from anyone, to be fair to all sides. You are always welcome to email me and I will do my best to respond to technical questions, questions about strategy or direction are sometimes not possible to answer for obvious reasons.

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• Best approach to utilize RamDisk for Chrome?

  - by laggingreflex

  I use a lot of tabs and after a while less recently opened tabs take some time to become responsive, which I guess is because they're being un-cached to HDD as they're not required. So after creating a Ram-Disk I have two options, use --disk-cache-dir="G:/" switch to do what it does. Or what I'm currently doing: using a directory junction for "[...]\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default" to move that entire folder over to Ram-Disk. I thought this would be better than just disk-cache but what do I know. Is it? As one can guess it'll be a pain saving/loading the Ram-Disk image each time I start chrome but if it really is better than the former approach I'll write a script or something.

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• SQL SERVER – ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 11 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  For any good system three things are vital: CPU, Memory and IO (disk). Among these three, IO is the most crucial factor of SQL Server. Looking at real-world cases, I do not see IT people upgrading CPU and Memory frequently. However, the disk is often upgraded for either improving the space, speed or throughput. Today we will look at another IO-related wait type. From Book On-Line: Occurs when a task is waiting for I/Os to finish. ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION Explanation: Any tasks are waiting for I/O to finish. If by any means your application that’s connected to SQL Server is processing the data very slowly, this type of wait can occur. Several long-running database operations like BACKUP, CREATE DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE or other operations can also create this wait type. Reducing ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION wait: When it is an issue related to IO, one should check for the following things associated to IO subsystem: Look at the programming and see if there is any application code which processes the data slowly (like inefficient loop, etc.). Note that it should be re-written to avoid this  wait type. Proper placing of the files is very important. We should check the file system for proper placement of the files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on another separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is a higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. Check event log and error log for any errors or warnings related to IO. If you are using SAN (Storage Area Network), check the throughput of the SAN system as well as configuration of the HBA Queue Depth. In one of my recent projects, the SAN was performing really badly and so the SAN administrator did not accept it. After some investigations, he agreed to change the HBA Queue Depth on the development setup (test environment). As soon as we changed the HBA Queue Depth to quite a higher value, there was a sudden big improvement in the performance. It is very likely to happen that there are no proper indexes on the system and yet there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can effectively reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has lesser columns than cluster table and all other; it depends upon the situation). You can refer to the following two articles I wrote that talk about how to optimize indexes: Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Why is Apache ignoring VirtualHost directive for first name in hosts file?

  - by Peter Taylor

  Standard pre-emptive disclaimer: host names, IP addresses, and directories are anonymised. Problem We have a server with Apache 2.2 (WAMP) listening on one IP and IIS listening on another. An ASP.Net application running under IIS needs to do some simple GETs from the PHP applications running under Apache to build a unified search results page. This is a virtual server, so the internal IPs are mapped somehow to external ones. The internal DNS system doesn't resolve the publicly published names under which the applications are accessed externally, so the obvious solution was to add them to etc/hosts with the internal IP address: 127.0.0.1 localhost # 10.0.1.17 is the IP address Apache listens on 10.0.1.17 phpappone.example.com 10.0.1.17 phpapptwo.example.com After restarting Apache, phpappone.example.com stopped working. Instead of returning pages from that app, Apache was returning pages from the default site. The other PHP apps worked fine. Relevant configuration httpd.conf, summarised, says: ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerRoot "c:/server/Apache2" ServerName www.example.com Listen 10.0.1.17:80 Listen 10.0.1.17:443 # Not obviously related config options elided # Nothing obviously astandard # If you want more details, post a comment DocumentRoot "c:/server/Apache2/htdocs" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> # Fallback for unknown host names <Directory "c:/server/Apache2/htdocs"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # PHP apps common config <Directory "C:/Inetpub/wwwroot/phpapps"> Options FollowSymLinks -Indexes +ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order Allow,Deny Allow from All </Directory> # Virtual hosts NameVirtualHost 10.0.1.17:80 NameVirtualHost 10.0.1.17:443 <VirtualHost _default_:80> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost _default_:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile "certs/example.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "certs/example.key" </VirtualHost> Include conf/vhosts/*.conf and the vhosts files are e.g. <VirtualHost 10.0.1.17:80> ServerName phpappone.example.com DocumentRoot "c:/Inetpub/wwwroot/phpapps/phpappone" </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 10.0.1.17:443> ServerName phpappone.example.com DocumentRoot "c:/Inetpub/wwwroot/phpapps/phpappone" SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile "certs/example.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "certs/example.key" </VirtualHost> Buggy behaviour or our misunderstanding? The documentation for name-based virtual hosts says that Now when a request arrives, the server will first check if it is using an IP address that matches the NameVirtualHost. If it is, then it will look at each <VirtualHost> section with a matching IP address and try to find one where the ServerName or ServerAlias matches the requested hostname. If it finds one, then it uses the configuration for that server. If no matching virtual host is found, then the first listed virtual host that matches the IP address will be used. Yet that isn't what we observe. It seems that if the hostname is the first hostname listed against the IP address in etc/hosts then it uses the configuration from the main server and skips the virtual host lookup. Workarounds The workaround we've put in place for the time being is to add a fake line to the hosts file: 127.0.0.1 localhost # 10.0.1.17 is the IP address Apache listens on 10.0.1.17 fakename.example.com 10.0.1.17 phpappone.example.com 10.0.1.17 phpapptwo.example.com This fixes the problem, but it's not very elegant. In addition, it seems a bit brittle: reordering lines in the hosts file (or deleting the nonsense value) can break it. The other obvious workaround is to make the main server configuration match that of the troublesome virtual host, but that is equally brittle. A third option, which is just ugly, would be to change the ASP.Net code to take separate config items for the IP address and the hostname and to implement HTTP manually. Ugh. The question Is there a good solution to this problem which localises any "Do not touch this!" explanations to the Apache config files?

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• SQL SERVER – IO_COMPLETION – Wait Type – Day 10 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  For any good system three things are vital: CPU, Memory and IO (disk). Among these three, IO is the most crucial factor of SQL Server. Looking at real-world cases, I do not see IT people upgrading CPU and Memory frequently. However, the disk is often upgraded for either improving the space, speed or throughput. Today we will look at an IO-related wait types. From Book On-Line: Occurs while waiting for I/O operations to complete. This wait type generally represents non-data page I/Os. Data page I/O completion waits appear as PAGEIOLATCH_* waits. IO_COMPLETION Explanation: Any tasks are waiting for I/O to finish. This is a good indication that IO needs to be looked over here. Reducing IO_COMPLETION wait: When it is an issue concerning the IO, one should look at the following things related to IO subsystem: Proper placing of the files is very important. We should check the file system for proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on a separate drive, TempDB on another separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk),etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. Check event log and error log for any errors or warnings related to IO. If you are using SAN (Storage Area Network), check the throughput of the SAN system as well as the configuration of the HBA Queue Depth. In one of my recent projects, the SAN was performing really badly so the SAN administrator did not accept it. After some investigations, he agreed to change the HBA Queue Depth on development (test environment) set up and as soon as we changed the HBA Queue Depth to quite a higher value, there was a sudden big improvement in the performance. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes in the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can effectively reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has lesser columns than cluster table and all other; it depends upon the situation). You can refer to the two articles that I wrote; they are about how to optimize indexes: Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Types, SQL White Papers, T SQL, Technology

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• Announcing StorageTek VSM 6 and VLE Capacity Increase

  - by uwes

  Announcing Increased Capacity on StorageTek Virtual Storage Manager System 6 (VSM6) and StorageTek Virtual Library Extension (VLE)! StorageTek Virtual Storage Manager System 6 (VSM 6) and the StorageTek Virtual Library Extension (VLE) makes data management simple for the mainframe data center - Simple to deploy, simple to manage, and simple to scale.  With this announcement, StorageTek VSM 6 as well as StorageTek VLE capacity scaling increases by 33% for StorageTek VSM 6 and 21% for StorageTek VLE.  This significant capacity increase can provide increased consolidation potential for multiple VSM 4/5’s into a single VSM 6. In addition to the StorageTek VSM 6 and VLE capacity increases we are announcing End of Life (EOL) for previous generation StorageTek VSM 6 and VLE part numbers.   Please read the Sales Bulletin on Oracle HW TRC for more details. (If you are not registered on Oracle HW TRC, click here ... and follow the instructions..) For More Information Go To: Oracle.com Tape Page Oracle Technology Network Tape Page

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• Why your Netapp is so slow...

  - by Darius Zanganeh

  Have you ever wondered why your Netapp FAS box is slow and doesn't perform well at large block workloads?  In this blog entry I will give you a little bit of information that will probably help you understand why it’s so slow, why you shouldn't use it for applications that read and write in large blocks like 64k, 128k, 256k ++ etc..  Of course since I work for Oracle at this time, I will show you why the ZS3 storage boxes are excellent choices for these types of workloads. Netapp’s Fundamental Problem The fundamental problem you have running these workloads on Netapp is the backend block size of their WAFL file system.  Every application block on a Netapp FAS ends up in a 4k chunk on a disk. Reference:  Netapp TR-3001 Whitepaper Netapp has proven this lacking large block performance fact in at least two different ways. They have NEVER posted an SPC-2 Benchmark yet they have posted SPC-1 and SPECSFS, both recently. In 2011 they purchased Engenio to try and fill this GAP in their portfolio. Block Size Matters So why does block size matter anyways?  Many applications use large block chunks of data especially in the Big Data movement.  Some examples are SAS Business Analytics, Microsoft SQL, Hadoop HDFS is even 64MB! Now let me boil this down for you.  If an application such MS SQL is writing data in a 64k chunk then before Netapp actually writes it on disk it will have to split it into 16 different 4k writes and 16 different disk IOPS.  When the application later goes to read that 64k chunk the Netapp will have to again do 16 different disk IOPS.  In comparison the ZS3 Storage Appliance can write in variable block sizes ranging from 512b to 1MB.  So if you put the same MSSQL database on a ZS3 you can set the specific LUNs for this database to 64k and then when you do an application read/write it requires only a single disk IO.  That is 16x faster!  But, back to the problem with your Netapp, you will VERY quickly run out of disk IO and hit a wall.  Now all arrays will have some fancy pre fetch algorithm and some nice cache and maybe even flash based cache such as a PAM card in your Netapp but with large block workloads you will usually blow through the cache and still need significant disk IO.  Also because these datasets are usually very large and usually not dedupable they are usually not good candidates for an all flash system.  You can do some simple math in excel and very quickly you will see why it matters.  Here are a couple of READ examples using SAS and MSSQL.  Assume these are the READ IOPS the application needs even after all the fancy cache and algorithms.   Here is an example with 128k blocks.  Notice the numbers of drives on the Netapp! Here is an example with 64k blocks You can easily see that the Oracle ZS3 can do dramatically more work with dramatically less drives.  This doesn't even take into account that the ONTAP system will likely run out of CPU way before you get to these drive numbers so you be buying many more controllers.  So with all that said, lets look at the ZS3 and why you should consider it for any workload your running on Netapp today.  ZS3 World Record Price/Performance in the SPC-2 benchmark ZS3-2 is #1 in Price Performance $12.08ZS3-2 is #3 in Overall Performance 16,212 MBPS Note: The number one overall spot in the world is held by an AFA 33,477 MBPS but at a Price Performance of $29.79.  A customer could purchase 2 x ZS3-2 systems in the benchmark with relatively the same performance and walk away with $600,000 in their pocket.

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• LogMeIn Hamachi

  Easily create and manage your own virtual private network (VPN) for secure communication between PCs

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• Installing Windows 7 destroyed my dual boot setup

  - by ped

  I have a laptop on which I have two drives with separate Windows XP installs, one barebones for music production, the other "normal" Windows XP with Office etc. (unfortunately the bios won't give a boot disk choice). Normally I would be presented with two Windows XPs on booting. Selecting the second one would get me into the "normal" installation on disk 1 (C:). Selecting the first in boot order would give me D:\ (disk 2) with the barebones XP. However, I installed Windows 7 Home onto disk 1 (C:), but there were no dual boot options anymore, even though I installed DualBoot Pro and added Windows XP disk D:. The options now show up, but selecting Windows XP just turns into a reboot back to where I started.

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• How to control admission policy in vmware HA?

  - by John

  Simple question, I have 3 hosts running 4.1 Essentials Plus with vmware HA. I tried to create several virtual machines that filled 90% of each server's memory capacity. I know that vmware has really sophisticated memory management within virtual machines, but I do not understand how the vCenter can allow me even to power on the virtual machines that exceed the critical memory level, when the host failover can be still handled. Is it due to the fact that virtual machines does not use the memory, so that it is still considered as free, so virtual machines can be powered on ? But what would happen if all VMs would be really using the RAM before the host failure - they could not be migrated to other hosts after the failure. The default behaviour in XenServer is that, it automatically calculates the maximum memory level that can be used within the cluster so that the host failure is still protected. Vmware does the same thing ? The admission policy is enabled. Vmware HA enabled.

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• Trying to format drive fails

  - by david

  since I will be doing an internship for which i need to use Windows software, I have decided to ruin my day trying to remove my Ubuntu 12.04, install Win XP SP3 (since the DualBoot theme from ubuntu suggests to first install Windows and then Ubuntu, for problems with the bootloader if you do it the other way around) and then reinstall Ubuntu 12.04 since I would like to keep using it as my primary operating system, using WinXP exclusively for the internship. Other than that, I would like to have a partition for the data, which can be used by both Ubuntu and Windows. So now, I have used the disk utility run from an ubuntu-live cd to format my drive with Master Boot Record (being conscious of the fact that this way I will lose all my data, which I have saved on an external drive before, and that my Ubuntu won't work anymore afterwards), creating partitions for Windows (NTFS), personal data (FAT, since as far as I know both Ubuntu and Windows can deal with this), a Swap partition for Linux, and one partition for Ubuntu (ext4); trying to install Win XP from cd gives me a blue screen, which stops the setup and telling me to remove all recently installed drives and to run CHKDSK. So I thought, that maybe Windows doesn't like pre-partitioned drives for its installation and thus I need to re-format my hard drive in order to have a completely "new" drive, which I can then, during the Windows-installation, partition in order to create the partitions I need. Trying to do this, though, the disk-utility run from the live-CD gives me this warning: Error creating partition table: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_create_partition_table: device_file=/dev/sda, scheme=0 got it got disk committed to disk BLKRRPART ioctl failed for /dev/sda: Device or resource busy I do not understand why it tells me that the hard-drive is busy, because, as stated above, I am doing all this from a live-CD. Thus, my questions are: How can I resolve the error given by the disk utility? Does it make sense to use four partitions in the way mentioned above? And if not so, which partitions should I create? Can I, theoretically, partition my drive from an Ubuntu live-cd in order to create the partitions I want and to install first Windows and then Ubuntu? Thanks for any help, David

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• VS2010 SP1 Installed NAD! (and another useful utility)

  - by TATWORTH

  I have installed VS2010 SP1 on my home development PC and No Abnormalities were detected. I downloaded the ISO image of the service pack and mounted it using Virtual Clone Drive - download page at http://www.slysoft.com/en/virtual-clonedrive.html.  It is unwise to install VS2010 like this and instead you need to copy all the file to a temporary directory on your hard disk, however it worked with the service pack image mounted as a virtual DVD! So far I have sucessfully recompiled 2 solutions - more about that later.

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• Microsoft Hyper-V Networking and Configuration - Part 1

  In the first of a series of articles on Hyper-V Networking, Nirmal explains Hyper-V networking and VLAN tagging, and shows how to set up a Virtual Network switch. Once this is done, the Hyper-V Virtual Network Switches can be used to connect unlimited no. of Virtual Machines.

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• Getting FC11 to run under VMware Server, converted from physical machine

  - by Kristian

  I have a FC11 installation that I have converted to a VMware disk image to run om my VMware Server. I converted it with qemu-img, as the VMware Converter software apparently only converts Linux hosts to VMware Infrastructure servers. The disk image boots fine (grub is loaded and boots the kernel) but it seems like the disk is not found by the kernel, and the boot process stalls. Hotplugging USB devices work (the kernel prints debug information) and I'm able to press keys (Ctrl-Alt-Delete for instance). The VMware guest OS is set to RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 (32 bit), and I have tried both the LSI Logic, LSI Logic SAS and VMware Accelerated SCSI SCSI controllers, to no avail. I'm able to boot an installer disk and get into rescue mode and mount the filesystem, so my question is, what do I need to do to the guest kernel / initrd image to make it recognize the virtual disk?

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• BI Applications 7.9.6.3 and EBS 12.1.3 Vision: Integrated Demo Environments

  - by Mike.Hallett(at)Oracle-BI&EPM

  If you need a combined BI-Applications + eBusiness Suite Applications demonstration environment, or for proof of concept work for your customers, then these versions of images on Oracle Virtual Box are now available for partners to download and use.  To get access to these images, Partners must be OPN members, specialised in OBI or BI-Apps.   This is an integrated Demo/Test Drive/POC/Self Enablement environment including two separate images (in English) representing the entire Oracle Stack – Applications, Middleware, Database, Operating System and Virtual Machine. Minimum Hardware requirements for each image to run separately 4GB RAM Minimum Hardware requirements for both images to run concurrently 8GB RAM Dual CPU 64 bit OS   BI Applications 7.9.6.3 Linux based and running on Oracle Virtual Box and compatible with OVM Image Content: BI Application Analytics demo data extracted from EBS 12.1.3 Vision for Financials and HR using EBS 12.1.3 Vision (image supplied) Built Integration to EBS 12.1.3 Vision image (provided). Fully functional BI Applications 7.9.6.3 software install and configuration Image can be connected to load any data from any other compatible source system. BI Apps Demo data is based on OOTB EBS Vision 12.1.3 Configured to run BI Apps data load for all other modules of EBS 12.1.3 Vision. Includes OBIEE Sample demonstration content Documented scripts for running presentations, demonstrations and Test Drives Image Size: 34GB zip, 84GB unzip.  Min Hardware 4GB RAM         EBS Vision 12.1.3 Linux based and running on Oracle Virtual Box and compatible with OVM Image Content: eBusiness Suite (EBS) Applications Vision 12.1.3 Standard Vision instance with all given setups, configurations and data Source system for BI Apps 7.9.6.3 Image Size: 76GB zip, 300GB unzip.  Min Hardware 4GB RAM Distribution: The Virtual Box images are posted on an external FTP server @ BI Applications 7.9.6.3 EBS12.1.3   To download, Partners need to request the current password to access the images.  To request the current ftp.oracle.com password and the password required to unzip the images, please email Marek Winiarski   Support Contact =  Marek Winiarski: Oracle Partner Solution Consultant

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• Why Clonezilla needs to reinstall grub?

  - by Pablo

  By default CloneZilla Live will reinstall grub after restore. In my particular case I am restoring a disk image to same phisical disk without any partitioning/size change. I am expecting to have exact same state as I had right after backup. However, reinstalling grub will render my system to unbootable. If I remove that option [-g] then everything is fine. My question is in what cases and why CloneZilla ever need to re-install grub when restoring disk image?

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• The Hot-Add Memory Hogs

  - by Andrew Clarke

  One of the more difficult tasks, when virtualizing a server, is to determine the amount of memory that Hypervisor should assign to the virtual machine. This requires accurate monitoring and, because of the consequences of setting the value too low, there is a great temptation to err on the side of over-provisioning. This results in fewer guest VMs and, in fact, with more accurate memory provisioning, many virtual environments could support 30% more VMs. In order to achieve a better consolidation (aka VM density) ratio, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 has introduced what Microsoft calls ‘Dynamic Memory’. This means that the start-up RAM VM memory assigned to guest virtual machines can be allowed to vary according to demand, changing dynamically while the VM is running, based on the workload of applications running inside. If demand outstrips supply, then memory can be rationed according to the ‘memory weight’ assigned to the guest VM. By this mechanism, memory becomes a shared resource that can be reallocated automatically as demand patterns vary. Unlike VMWare’s Memory Overcommit technology, the sum of all the memory allocations to each virtual machine will not exceed the total memory of the host computer. This is fine for applications that are self-regulating in their demands for memory, releasing memory back into the 'pool' when not under peak load. Other applications however, such as SQL Server Standard and Enterprise, are by nature, memory hogs under high workload; they can grab hot-add memory whilst running under load and then never release it. This requires more careful setting-up and the SQLOS team have provided some guidelines from for configuring SQL Server in virtual environments. Whereas VMWare’s Memory Overcommit is well-proven in a number of different configurations, Hyper-V’s ‘Dynamic Memory’ is new. So far, the indications are that it will improve the business case for virtualizing and it is probably a far more intuitive technology for the average IT professional to grasp. It is certainly worth testing to see whether it works for you.

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• Xen DomU on DRBD device: barrier errors

  - by Halfgaar

  I'm testing setting up a Xen DomU with a DRBD storage for easy failover. Most of the time, immediatly after booting the DomU, I get an IO error: [ 3.153370] EXT3-fs (xvda2): using internal journal [ 3.277115] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 3.336014] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (3899 buckets, 15596 max) [ 3.515604] init: failsafe main process (397) killed by TERM signal [ 3.801589] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 3.801597] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled [ 3.801611] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801630] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801642] Buffer I/O error on device xvda2, logical block 6521396 [ 3.801652] lost page write due to I/O error on xvda2 [ 3.801755] Aborting journal on device xvda2. [ 3.804415] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: ext3_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal [ 3.804434] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: remounting filesystem read-only [ 3.814754] journal commit I/O error [ 6.973831] init: udev-fallback-graphics main process (538) terminated with status 1 [ 6.992267] init: plymouth-splash main process (546) terminated with status 1 The manpage of drbdsetup says that LVM (which I use) doesn't support barriers (better known as tagged command queuing or native command queing), so I configured the drbd device not to use barriers. This can be seen in /proc/drbd (by "wo:f, meaning flush, the next method drbd chooses after barrier): 3: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:2160152 nr:520204 dw:2680344 dr:2678107 al:3549 bm:9183 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 And on the other host: 3: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:0 nr:2160152 dw:2160152 dr:0 al:0 bm:8052 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 I also enabled the option disable_sendpage, as per the drbd docs: cat /sys/module/drbd/parameters/disable_sendpage Y I also tried adding barriers=0 to fstab as mount option. Still it sometimes says: [ 58.603896] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 58.603903] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled I don't even know if ext3 has a nobarrier option. And, because only one of my storage systems is battery backed, it would not be smart anyway. Why does it still compain about barriers when I disabled that? Both host are: Debian: 6.0.4 uname -a: Linux 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 drbd: 8.3.7 Xen: 4.0.1 Guest: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS uname -a: Linux 3.2.0-24-generic pvops drbd resource: resource drbdvm { meta-disk internal; device /dev/drbd3; startup { # The timeout value when the last known state of the other side was available. 0 means infinite. wfc-timeout 0; # Timeout value when the last known state was disconnected. 0 means infinite. degr-wfc-timeout 180; } syncer { # This is recommended only for low-bandwidth lines, to only send those # blocks which really have changed. #csums-alg md5; # Set to about half your net speed rate 60M; # It seems that this option moved to the 'net' section in drbd 8.4. (later release than Debian has currently) verify-alg md5; } net { # The manpage says this is recommended only in pre-production (because of its performance), to determine # if your LAN card has a TCP checksum offloading bug. #data-integrity-alg md5; } disk { # Detach causes the device to work over-the-network-only after the # underlying disk fails. Detach is not default for historical reasons, but is # recommended by the docs. # However, the Debian defaults in drbd.conf suggest the machine will reboot in that event... on-io-error detach; # LVM doesn't support barriers, so disabling it. It will revert to flush. Check wo: in /proc/drbd. If you don't disable it, you get IO errors. no-disk-barrier; } on host1 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.1:7792; } on host2 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.2:7792; } } DomU cfg: bootloader = '/usr/lib/xen-default/bin/pygrub' vcpus = '2' memory = '512' # # Disk device(s). # root = '/dev/xvda2 ro' disk = [ 'phy:/dev/drbd3,xvda2,w', 'phy:/dev/universe/drbdvm-swap,xvda1,w', ] # # Hostname # name = 'drbdvm' # # Networking # # fake IP for posting vif = [ 'ip=1.2.3.4,mac=00:16:3E:22:A8:A7' ] # # Behaviour # on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' In my test setup: the primary host's storage is 9650SE SATA-II RAID PCIe with battery. The secondary is software RAID1. Isn't DRBD+Xen widely used? With these problems, it's not going to work.

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• More Great Improvements to the Windows Azure Management Portal

  - by ScottGu

  Over the last 3 weeks we’ve released a number of enhancements to the new Windows Azure Management Portal.  These new capabilities include: Localization Support for 6 languages Operation Log Support Support for SQL Database Metrics Virtual Machine Enhancements (quick create Windows + Linux VMs) Web Site Enhancements (support for creating sites in all regions, private github repo deployment) Cloud Service Improvements (deploy from storage account, configuration support of dedicated cache) Media Service Enhancements (upload, encode, publish, stream all from within the portal) Virtual Networking Usability Enhancements Custom CNAME support with Storage Accounts All of these improvements are now live in production and available to start using immediately.  Below are more details on them: Localization Support The Windows Azure Portal now supports 6 languages – English, German, Spanish, French, Italian and Japanese. You can easily switch between languages by clicking on the Avatar bar on the top right corner of the Portal: Selecting a different language will automatically refresh the UI within the portal in the selected language: Operation Log Support The Windows Azure Portal now supports the ability for administrators to review the “operation logs” of the services they manage – making it easy to see exactly what management operations were performed on them.  You can query for these by selecting the “Settings” tab within the Portal and then choosing the “Operation Logs” tab within it.  This displays a filter UI that enables you to query for operations by date and time: As of the most recent release we now show logs for all operations performed on Cloud Services and Storage Accounts.  You can click on any operation in the list and click the “Details” button in the command bar to retrieve detailed status about it.  This now makes it possible to retrieve details about every management operation performed. In future updates you’ll see us extend the operation log capability to apply to all Windows Azure Services – which will enable great post-mortem and audit support. Support for SQL Database Metrics You can now monitor the number of successful connections, failed connections and deadlocks in your SQL databases using the new “Dashboard” view provided on each SQL Database resource: Additionally, if the database is added as a “linked resource” to a Web Site or Cloud Service, monitoring metrics for the linked SQL database are shown along with the Web Site or Cloud Service metrics in the dashboard. This helps with viewing and managing aggregated information across both resources in your application. Enhancements to Virtual Machines The most recent Windows Azure Portal release brings with it some nice usability improvements to Virtual Machines: Integrated Quick Create experience for Windows and Linux VMs Creating a new Windows or Linux VM is now easy using the new “Quick Create” experience in the Portal: In addition to Windows VM templates you can also now select Linux image templates in the quick create UI: This makes it incredibly easy to create a new Virtual Machine in only a few seconds. Enhancements to Web Sites Prior to this past month’s release, users were forced to choose a single geographical region when creating their first site.  After that, subsequent sites could only be created in that same region.  This restriction has now been removed, and you can now create sites in any region at any time and have up to 10 free sites in each supported region: One of the new regions we’ve recently opened up is the “East Asia” region.  This allows you to now deploy sites to North America, Europe and Asia simultaneously.  Private GitHub Repository Support This past week we also enabled Git based continuous deployment support for Web Sites from private GitHub and BitBucket repositories (previous to this you could only enable this with public repositories).  Enhancements to Cloud Services Experience The most recent Windows Azure Portal release brings with it some nice usability improvements to Cloud Services: Deploy a Cloud Service from a Windows Azure Storage Account The Windows Azure Portal now supports deploying an application package and configuration file stored in a blob container in Windows Azure Storage. The ability to upload an application package from storage is available when you custom create, or upload to, or update a cloud service deployment. To upload an application package and configuration, create a Cloud Service, then select the file upload dialog, and choose to upload from a Windows Azure Storage Account: To upload an application package from storage, click the “FROM STORAGE” button and select the application package and configuration file to use from the new blob storage explorer in the portal. Configure Windows Azure Caching in a caching enabled cloud service If you have deployed the new dedicated cache within a cloud service role, you can also now configure the cache settings in the portal by navigating to the configuration tab of for your Cloud Service deployment. The configuration experience is similar to the one in Visual Studio when you create a cloud service and add a caching role.  The portal now allows you to add or remove named caches and change the settings for the named caches – all from within the Portal and without needing to redeploy your application. Enhancements to Media Services You can now upload, encode, publish, and play your video content directly from within the Windows Azure Portal.  This makes it incredibly easy to get started with Windows Azure Media Services and perform common tasks without having to write any code. Simply navigate to your media service and then click on the “Content” tab.  All of the media content within your media service account will be listed here: Clicking the “upload” button within the portal now allows you to upload a media file directly from your computer: This will cause the video file you chose from your local file-system to be uploaded into Windows Azure.  Once uploaded, you can select the file within the content tab of the Portal and click the “Encode” button to transcode it into different streaming formats: The portal includes a number of pre-set encoding formats that you can easily convert media content into: Once you select an encoding and click the ok button, Windows Azure Media Services will kick off an encoding job that will happen in the cloud (no need for you to stand-up or configure a custom encoding server).  When it’s finished, you can select the video in the “Content” tab and then click PUBLISH in the command bar to setup an origin streaming end-point to it: Once the media file is published you can point apps against the public URL and play the content using Windows Azure Media Services – no need to setup or run your own streaming server.  You can also now select the file and click the “Play” button in the command bar to play it using the streaming endpoint directly within the Portal: This makes it incredibly easy to try out and use Windows Azure Media Services and test out an end-to-end workflow without having to write any code.  Once you test things out you can of course automate it using script or code – providing you with an incredibly powerful Cloud Media platform that you can use. Enhancements to Virtual Network Experience Over the last few months, we have received feedback on the complexity of the Virtual Network creation experience. With these most recent Portal updates, we have added a Quick Create experience that makes the creation experience very simple. All that an administrator now needs to do is to provide a VNET name, choose an address space and the size of the VNET address space. They no longer need to understand the intricacies of the CIDR format or walk through a 4-page wizard or create a VNET / subnet. This makes creating virtual networks really simple: The portal also now has a “Register DNS Server” task that makes it easy to register DNS servers and associate them with a virtual network. Enhancements to Storage Experience The portal now lets you register custom domain names for your Windows Azure Storage Accounts.  To enable this, select a storage resource and then go to the CONFIGURE tab for a storage account, and then click MANAGE DOMAIN on the command bar: Clicking “Manage Domain” will bring up a dialog that allows you to register any CNAME you want: Summary The above features are all now live in production and available to use immediately.  If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using them today.  Visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. One of the other cool features that is now live within the portal is our new Windows Azure Store – which makes it incredibly easy to try and purchase developer services from a variety of partners.  It is an incredibly awesome new capability – and something I’ll be doing a dedicated post about shortly. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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