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• Shuffle tiles position in the beginning of the game XNA Csharp

  - by GalneGunnar

  Im trying to create a puzzlegame where you move tiles to certain positions to make a whole image. I need help with randomizing the tiles startposition so that they don't create the whole image at the beginning. There is also something wrong with my offset, that's why it's set to (0,0). I know my code is not good, but Im just starting to learn :] Thanks in advance My Game1 class: { public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Texture2D PictureTexture; Texture2D FrameTexture; // Offset för bildgraff Vector2 Offset = new Vector2(0,0); //skapar en array som ska hålla delar av den stora bilden Square[,] squareArray = new Square[4, 4]; // Random randomeraBilder = new Random(); //Width och Height för bilden int pictureHeight = 95; int pictureWidth = 144; Random randomera = new Random(); int index = 0; MouseState oldMouseState; int WindowHeight; int WindowWidth; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; //scalar Window till 800x 600y graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 800; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 600; graphics.ApplyChanges(); } protected override void Initialize() { IsMouseVisible = true; base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); PictureTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Images/bildgraff"); FrameTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>(@"Images/framer"); //Laddar in varje liten bild av den stora bilden i en array for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 4; y++) { Vector2 position = new Vector2(x * pictureWidth, y * pictureHeight); position = position + Offset; Rectangle square = new Rectangle(x * pictureWidth, y * pictureHeight, pictureWidth, pictureHeight); Square frame = new Square(position, PictureTexture, square, Offset, index); squareArray[x, y] = frame; index++; } } } protected override void UnloadContent() { } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); MouseState ms = Mouse.GetState(); if (oldMouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed && ms.LeftButton == ButtonState.Released) { // ta reda på vilken position vi har tryckt på int col = ms.X / pictureWidth; int row = ms.Y / pictureHeight; for (int x = 0; x < squareArray.GetLength(0); x++) { for (int y = 0; y < squareArray.GetLength(1); y++) { // kollar om rutan är tom och så att indexet inte går utanför för "col" och "row" if (squareArray[x, y].index == 0 && col >= 0 && row >= 0 && col <= 3 && row <= 3) { if (squareArray[x, y].index == 0 * col) { //kollar om rutan brevid mouseclick är tom if (col > 0 && squareArray[col - 1, row].index == 0 || row > 0 && squareArray[col, row - 1].index == 0 || col < 3 && squareArray[col + 1, row].index == 0 || row < 3 && squareArray[col, row + 1].index == 0) { Square sqaure = squareArray[col, row]; Square hal = squareArray[x, y]; squareArray[x, y] = sqaure; squareArray[col, row] = hal; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { Vector2 goalPosition = new Vector2(x * pictureWidth, y * pictureHeight); squareArray[x, y].Swap(goalPosition); } } } } } } } } //if (oldMouseState.RightButton == ButtonState.Pressed && ms.RightButton == ButtonState.Released) //{ // for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) // { // for (int y = 0; y < 4; y++) // { // } // } //} oldMouseState = ms; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); WindowHeight = Window.ClientBounds.Height; WindowWidth = Window.ClientBounds.Width; Rectangle screenPosition = new Rectangle(0,0, WindowWidth, WindowHeight); spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(FrameTexture, screenPosition, Color.White); //Ritar ut alla brickorna förutom den som har index 0 for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 4; y++) { if (squareArray[x, y].index != 0) { squareArray[x, y].Draw(spriteBatch); } } } spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } } My square class: class Square { public Vector2 position; public Texture2D grafTexture; public Rectangle square; public Vector2 offset; public int index; public Square(Vector2 position, Texture2D grafTexture, Rectangle square, Vector2 offset, int index) { this.position = position; this.grafTexture = grafTexture; this.square = square; this.offset = offset; this.index = index; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spritebatch) { spritebatch.Draw(grafTexture, position, square, Color.White); } public void RandomPosition() { } public void Swap(Vector2 Goal ) { if (Goal.X > position.X) { position.X = position.X + 144; } else if (Goal.X < position.X) { position.X = position.X - 144; } else if (Goal.Y < position.Y) { position.Y = position.Y - 95; } else if (Goal.Y > position.Y) { position.Y = position.Y + 95; } } } }

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Tuesday, November 05, 2013

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Tuesday, November 05, 2013Popular ReleasesSocial Network Importer for NodeXL: SocialNetImporter(v.1.9.1): This new version includes: - Include me option is back - Fixed the login bug reported latelyCaptcha MVC: Captcha MVC 2.5: v 2.5: Added support for MVC 5. The DefaultCaptchaManager is no longer throws an error if the captcha values was entered incorrectly. Minor changes. v 2.4.1: Fixed issues with deleting incorrect values of the captcha token in the SessionStorageProvider. This could lead to a situation when the captcha was not working with the SessionStorageProvider. Minor changes. v 2.4: Changed the IIntelligencePolicy interface, added ICaptchaManager as parameter for all methods. Improved font size ...DNN Blog: 06.00.01: 06.00.01 ReleaseThis is the first bugfix release of the new v6 blog module. These are the changes: Added some robustness in v5-v6 scripts to cater for some rare upgrade scenarios Changed the name of the module definition to avoid clash with Evoq Social Addition of sitemap providerStock Track: Version 1.2 Stable: Overhaul and re-think of the user interface in normal mode. Added stock history view in normal mode. Allows user to enter orders in normal mode. Allow advanced user to run database queries within the program. Improved sales statistics feature, able to calculate against a single category. Updated database script file. Now compatible with lower version of SQL Server.VG-Ripper & PG-Ripper: VG-Ripper 2.9.50: changes NEW: Added Support for "ImageHostHQ.com" links NEW: Added Support for "ImgMoney.net" links NEW: Added Support for "ImgSavy.com" links NEW: Added Support for "PixTreat.com" links Bug fixesVidCoder: 1.5.11 Beta: Added Encode Details window. Exposes elapsed time, ETA, current and average FPS, running file size, current pass and pass progress. Open it by going to Windows -> Encode Details while an encode is running. Subtitle dialog now disables the "Burn In" checkbox when it's either unavailable or it's the only option. It also disables the "Forced Only" when the subtitle type doesn't support the "Forced" flag. Updated HandBrake core to SVN 5872. Fixed crash in the preview window when a source fil...Wsus Package Publisher: Release v1.3.1311.02: Add three new Actions in Custom Updates : Work with Files (Copy, Delete, Rename), Work with Folders (Add, Delete, Rename) and Work with Registry Keys (Add, Delete, Rename). Fix a bug, where after resigning an update, the display is not refresh. Modify the way WPP sort rows in 'Updates Detail Viewer' and 'Computer List Viewer' so that dates are correctly sorted. Add a Tab in the settings form to set Proxy settings when WPP needs to go on Internet. Fix a bug where 'Manage Catalogs Subsc...uComponents: uComponents v6.0.0: This release of uComponents will compile against and support the new API in Umbraco v6.1.0. What's new in uComponents v6.0.0? New DataTypesImage Point XML DropDownList XPath Templatable List New features / Resolved issuesThe following workitems have been implemented and/or resolved: 14781 14805 14808 14818 14854 14827 14868 14859 14790 14853 14790 DataType Grid 14788 14810 14873 14833 14864 14855 / 14860 14816 14823 Drag & Drop support for rows Su...SharePoint 2013 Global Metadata Navigation: SP 2013 Metadata Navigation Sandbox Solution: SharePoint 2013 Global Metadata Navigation sandbox solution version 1.0. Upload to your site collection solution store and activate. See the Documentation tab for detailed instructions.SmartStore.NET - Free ASP.NET MVC Ecommerce Shopping Cart Solution: SmartStore.NET 1.2.1: New FeaturesAdded option Limit to current basket subtotal to HadSpentAmount discount rule Items in product lists can be labelled as NEW for a configurable period of time Product templates can optionally display a discount sign when discounts were applied Added the ability to set multiple favicons depending on stores and/or themes Plugin management: multiple plugins can now be (un)installed in one go Added a field for the HTML body id to store entity (Developer) New property 'Extra...CodeGen Code Generator: CodeGen 4.3.2: Changes in this release include: Removed old tag tokens from several example templates. Fixed a bug which was causing the default author and company names not to be picked up from the registry under .NET. Added several additional tag loop expressions: <IF FIRST_TAG>, <IF LAST_TAG>, <IF MULTIPLE_TAGS> and<IF SINGLE_TAG>. Upgraded to Synergy/DE 10.1.1b, Visual Studio 2013 and Installshield Limited Edition 2013.SQL Power Doc: Version 1.0.2.2 BETA 1: Fixes for issues introduced with PowerShell 4.0 with serialization/deserialization. Fixed an issue with the max length of an Excel cell being exceeded by AD groups with a large number of members.Community Forums NNTP bridge: Community Forums NNTP Bridge V54 (LiveConnect): This is the first release which can be used with the new LiveConnect authentication. Fixes the problem that the authentication will not work after 1 hour. Also a logfile will now be stored in "%AppData%\Community\CommunityForumsNNTPServer". If you have any problems please feel free to sent me the file "LogFile.txt".AutoAudit: AutoAudit 3.20f: Here is a high level list of the things I have changed between AutoAudit 2.00h and 3.20f ... Note: 3.20f corrects a minor bug found in 3.20e in the _RowHistory UDF when using column names with spaces. 1. AutoAudit has been tested on SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2008R2 and 2012. 2. Added the capability for AutoAudit to handle primary keys with up to 5 columns. 3. Added the capability for AutoAudit to save changes for a subset of the columns in a table. 4. Normalized the Audit table and created...Aricie - Friendlier Url Provider: Aricie - Friendlier Url Provider Version 2.5.3: This is mainly a maintenance release to stabilize the new Url Group paradigm. As usual, don't forget to install the Aricie - Shared extension first Highlights Fixed: UI bugs Min Requirements: .Net 3.5+ DotNetNuke 4.8.1+ Aricie - Shared 1.7.7+Aricie Shared: Aricie.Shared Version 1.7.7: This is mainly a maintenance version. Fixes in Property Editor: list import/export Min Requirements: DotNetNuke 4.8.1+ .Net 3.5+WPF Extended DataGrid: WPF Extended DataGrid 2.0.0.9 binaries: Fixed issue with ICollectionView containg null values (AutoFilter issue)Community TFS Build Extensions: October 2013: The October 2013 release contains Scripts - a new addition to our delivery. These are a growing library of PowerShell scripts to use with VS2013. See our documentation for more on scripting. VS2010 Activities(target .NET 4.0) VS2012 Activities (target .NET 4.5) VS2013 Activities (target .NET 4.5.1) Community TFS Build Manager VS2012 Community TFS Build Manager VS2013 The Community TFS Build Managers for VS2010, 2012 and 2013 can also be found in the Visual Studio Gallery where upda...SuperSocket, an extensible socket server framework: SuperSocket 1.6 stable: Changes included in this release: Process level isolation SuperSocket ServerManager (include server and client) Connect to client from server side initiatively Client certificate validation New configuration attributes "textEncoding", "defaultCulture", and "storeLocation" (certificate node) Many bug fixes http://docs.supersocket.net/v1-6/en-US/New-Features-and-Breaking-ChangesBarbaTunnel: BarbaTunnel 8.1: Check Version History for more information about this release.New ProjectsAForge.NET FFmpeg - LGPL Version: AForge.Video.FFMPEG recompiled under LGPLv3 which can be distributed with proprietary projects, without requiring you to release all of your proprietary source.Albatross Shell: Albatross Shell is a WPF based Shell program that can host other WPF application modules.Analysis Services ServerActivity Monitor (ASSAM) 2014: Analysis Services Server Activity Monitor (ASSAM 2014) is an upgraded version of the Analysis Services Activity Monitor 2012.AsuraCode: AsuraCode 0.1Chimera - Automated Testing Suite: Chimera is an automated testing suite, intended to simplify and automate system and tests deployment. Oriented around the MVC architecture, it has web based UI.Create Sitemap for your Website (Sitemap Writer): Sitemap Writer help create sitemap for your website. It recursively look for links on your each page and add up in list to write a site map. DataSync: ????HCS Analyzer: HCS Analyzerk? toán thu? dona: chuong trình k? toán thu? donaLanguage improver: startedOrchard Abstractions: An Orchard module for providing higher-level abstractions to Orchard services.Orchard Abstractions - Examples: Examples for Orchard Abstractions (https://orchardabstractions.codeplex.com/)Role Based Views in Microsoft Dynamics CRM 2011: This tool will allow you to configure visibility and setting the default view of a logged in user based on security roles.SF.DotNet.Utilities: DotNet.UtilitiesShot: A real time C# web application framework designed in the image of ASP.NET.Soccer Managment System: Soccer Management SystemSTAR FOX XNA: Remake of a classic videogame. In this case, that videogame will be Star Fox (1993) for SNES game console.The Dargon Project: DargonTweetFeed: A small widget that enables you to display a twitter search or profile on your Sitecore siteWPF Themes HighRobotics: WPF Themes by High Robotics company????????? ????????: ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????: ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ????????? ??????.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, November 04, 2013

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Monday, November 04, 2013Popular ReleasesDNN Blog: 06.00.01: 06.00.01 ReleaseThis is the first bugfix release of the new v6 blog module. These are the changes: Added some robustness in v5-v6 scripts to cater for some rare upgrade scenarios Changed the name of the module definition to avoid clash with Evoq Social Addition of sitemap providerStock Track: Version 1.2 Stable: Overhaul and re-think of the user interface in normal mode. Added stock history view in normal mode. Allows user to enter orders in normal mode. Allow advanced user to run database queries within the program. Improved sales statistics feature, able to calculate against a single category.VG-Ripper & PG-Ripper: VG-Ripper 2.9.50: changes NEW: Added Support for "ImageHostHQ.com" links NEW: Added Support for "ImgMoney.net" links NEW: Added Support for "ImgSavy.com" links NEW: Added Support for "PixTreat.com" links Bug fixesVidCoder: 1.5.11 Beta: Added Encode Details window. Exposes elapsed time, ETA, current and average FPS, running file size, current pass and pass progress. Open it by going to Windows -> Encode Details while an encode is running. Subtitle dialog now disables the "Burn In" checkbox when it's either unavailable or it's the only option. It also disables the "Forced Only" when the subtitle type doesn't support the "Forced" flag. Updated HandBrake core to SVN 5872. Fixed crash in the preview window when a source fil...Wsus Package Publisher: Release v1.3.1311.02: Add three new Actions in Custom Updates : Work with Files (Copy, Delete, Rename), Work with Folders (Add, Delete, Rename) and Work with Registry Keys (Add, Delete, Rename). Fix a bug, where after resigning an update, the display is not refresh. Modify the way WPP sort rows in 'Updates Detail Viewer' and 'Computer List Viewer' so that dates are correctly sorted. Add a Tab in the settings form to set Proxy settings when WPP needs to go on Internet. Fix a bug where 'Manage Catalogs Subsc...uComponents: uComponents v6.0.0: This release of uComponents will compile against and support the new API in Umbraco v6.1.0. What's new in uComponents v6.0.0? New DataTypesImage Point XML DropDownList XPath Templatable List New features / Resolved issuesThe following workitems have been implemented and/or resolved: 14781 14805 14808 14818 14854 14827 14868 14859 14790 14853 14790 DataType Grid 14788 14810 14873 14833 14864 14855 / 14860 14816 14823 Drag & Drop support for rows Su...SharePoint 2013 Global Metadata Navigation: SP 2013 Metadata Navigation Sandbox Solution: SharePoint 2013 Global Metadata Navigation sandbox solution version 1.0. Upload to your site collection solution store and activate. See the Documentation tab for detailed instructions.SmartStore.NET - Free ASP.NET MVC Ecommerce Shopping Cart Solution: SmartStore.NET 1.2.1: New FeaturesAdded option Limit to current basket subtotal to HadSpentAmount discount rule Items in product lists can be labelled as NEW for a configurable period of time Product templates can optionally display a discount sign when discounts were applied Added the ability to set multiple favicons depending on stores and/or themes Plugin management: multiple plugins can now be (un)installed in one go Added a field for the HTML body id to store entity (Developer) New property 'Extra...CodeGen Code Generator: CodeGen 4.3.2: Changes in this release include: Removed old tag tokens from several example templates. Fixed a bug which was causing the default author and company names not to be picked up from the registry under .NET. Added several additional tag loop expressions: <IF FIRST_TAG>, <IF LAST_TAG>, <IF MULTIPLE_TAGS> and<IF SINGLE_TAG>. Upgraded to Synergy/DE 10.1.1b, Visual Studio 2013 and Installshield Limited Edition 2013.Dynamics CRM 2013 Easy Solution Importer: Dynamics CRM 2013 Easy Solution Importer 1.0.0.0: First Version of Easy Solution Importer contains: - Entity to handle solutions - PBL to deactivate fields in form - Business Process Flow to launch the Solution Import - Plugin to import solutions - ChartSQL Power Doc: Version 1.0.2.2 BETA 1: Fixes for issues introduced with PowerShell 4.0 with serialization/deserialization. Fixed an issue with the max length of an Excel cell being exceeded by AD groups with a large number of members.Community Forums NNTP bridge: Community Forums NNTP Bridge V54 (LiveConnect): This is the first release which can be used with the new LiveConnect authentication. Fixes the problem that the authentication will not work after 1 hour. Also a logfile will now be stored in "%AppData%\Community\CommunityForumsNNTPServer". If you have any problems please feel free to sent me the file "LogFile.txt".AutoAudit: AutoAudit 3.20f: Here is a high level list of the things I have changed between AutoAudit 2.00h and 3.20f ... Note: 3.20f corrects a minor bug found in 3.20e in the _RowHistory UDF when using column names with spaces. 1. AutoAudit has been tested on SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2008R2 and 2012. 2. Added the capability for AutoAudit to handle primary keys with up to 5 columns. 3. Added the capability for AutoAudit to save changes for a subset of the columns in a table. 4. Normalized the Audit table and created...Aricie - Friendlier Url Provider: Aricie - Friendlier Url Provider Version 2.5.3: This is mainly a maintenance release to stabilize the new Url Group paradigm. As usual, don't forget to install the Aricie - Shared extension first Highlights Fixed: UI bugs Min Requirements: .Net 3.5+ DotNetNuke 4.8.1+ Aricie - Shared 1.7.7+Aricie Shared: Aricie.Shared Version 1.7.7: This is mainly a maintenance version. Fixes in Property Editor: list import/export Min Requirements: DotNetNuke 4.8.1+ .Net 3.5+WPF Extended DataGrid: WPF Extended DataGrid 2.0.0.9 binaries: Fixed issue with ICollectionView containg null values (AutoFilter issue)SuperSocket, an extensible socket server framework: SuperSocket 1.6 stable: Changes included in this release: Process level isolation SuperSocket ServerManager (include server and client) Connect to client from server side initiatively Client certificate validation New configuration attributes "textEncoding", "defaultCulture", and "storeLocation" (certificate node) Many bug fixes http://docs.supersocket.net/v1-6/en-US/New-Features-and-Breaking-ChangesBarbaTunnel: BarbaTunnel 8.1: Check Version History for more information about this release.NAudio: NAudio 1.7: full release notes available at http://mark-dot-net.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/naudio-17-release-notes.htmlDirectX Tool Kit: October 2013: October 28, 2013 Updated for Visual Studio 2013 and Windows 8.1 SDK RTM Added DGSLEffect, DGSLEffectFactory, VertexPositionNormalTangentColorTexture, and VertexPositionNormalTangentColorTextureSkinning Model loading and effect factories support loading skinned models MakeSpriteFont now has a smooth vs. sharp antialiasing option: /sharp Model loading from CMOs now handles UV transforms for texture coordinates A number of small fixes for EffectFactory Minor code and project cleanup ...New ProjectsActive Directory User Home Directory and Home Drive Management: The script is great for migrations and overall user management. Questions please send an email to delagardecodeplex@hotmail.com.Computational Mathematics in TSQL: Combinatorial mathematics is easily expressed with computational assistance. The SQL Server engine is the canvas.Demo3: this is a demoEraDeiFessi: Un parser per un certo sito molto pesante e scomodo da navigareFinditbyme Local Search: Multi-lingual search engine that can index entities with multiple attributes.MVC Demo Project - 6: Demo project showing how to use partial views inside an ASP.NET MVC application.OLM to PST Converters: An Ideal Approach for Mac Users: OLM to PST converter helps you to access MAC Outlook emails with Windows platformOpen Source Grow Pack Ship: The Open Source Grow Pack Ship system is for the produce industry. It will allow companies with low funds and infrastructure to operate inside their own budget.Pauli: Pauli is a small .NET based password manager for home use. The Software helps a user to organize passwords, PIN codes, login accounts and notes.Refraction: Member element sorting. Contains reusable Visual Studio Extensibility code in the 'CodeManifold' project.Sensarium Cybernetic Art: Sensarium Cybernetic Art will use Kinect and brainwave technologies to create a true cybernetic art system. SharePoint - Tetris WebPart: Tetris webpart for SharePoint 2013Software Product Licensing: Dot License is very easy for your software product licensing. Product activation based on AES encryption, Processor ID and a single GUID key.VBS Class Framework: The 'VBS Class Framework' is an experimental project whcih aims at delivering 'Visual Basic Script Classes' for some commonly used Objects / Components (COM).VisualME7Logger: Graphical tools for logging real time performance statistics from VW and Audi automobilesVM Role Authoring Tool: VM ROLE Authoring Tool is used to author consistent VM Role gallery workloads for Windows Azure Pack and Windows Azure. wallet: Wallet Windows 8 Store Application: Windows 8 Store Application with XAML and C#Windows Azure Cache Extension Library: Windows Azure Cache Extension LibraryWindows Firewall Notifier: Windows Firewall Notifier (WFN) extends the default Windows embedded firewall behavior, allowing to visualize and handle incoming or outgoing connections.

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• SQL University: What and why of database refactoring

  - by Mladen Prajdic

  This is a post for a great idea called SQL University started by Jorge Segarra also famously known as SqlChicken on Twitter. It’s a collection of blog posts on different database related topics contributed by several smart people all over the world. So this week is mine and we’ll be talking about database testing and refactoring. In 3 posts we’ll cover: SQLU part 1 - What and why of database testing SQLU part 2 - What and why of database refactoring SQLU part 3 - Tools of the trade This is a second part of the series and in it we’ll take a look at what database refactoring is and why do it. Why refactor a database To know why refactor we first have to know what refactoring actually is. Code refactoring is a process where we change module internals in a way that does not change that module’s input/output behavior. For successful refactoring there is one crucial thing we absolutely must have: Tests. Automated unit tests are the only guarantee we have that we haven’t broken the input/output behavior before refactoring. If you haven’t go back ad read my post on the matter. Then start writing them. Next thing you need is a code module. Those are views, UDFs and stored procedures. By having direct table access we can kiss fast and sweet refactoring good bye. One more point to have a database abstraction layer. And no, ORM’s don’t fall into that category. But also know that refactoring is NOT adding new functionality to your code. Many have fallen into this trap. Don’t be one of them and resist the lure of the dark side. And it’s a strong lure. We developers in general love to add new stuff to our code, but hate fixing our own mistakes or changing existing code for no apparent reason. To be a good refactorer one needs discipline and focus. Now we know that refactoring is all about changing inner workings of existing code. This can be due to performance optimizations, changing internal code workflows or some other reason. This is a typical black box scenario to the outside world. If we upgrade the car engine it still has to drive on the road (preferably faster) and not fly (no matter how cool that would be). Also be aware that white box tests will break when we refactor. What to refactor in a database Refactoring databases doesn’t happen that often but when it does it can include a lot of stuff. Let us look at a few common cases. Adding or removing database schema objects Adding, removing or changing table columns in any way, adding constraints, keys, etc… All of these can be counted as internal changes not visible to the data consumer. But each of these carries a potential input/output behavior change. Dropping a column can result in views not working anymore or stored procedure logic crashing. Adding a unique constraint shows duplicated data that shouldn’t exist. Foreign keys break a truncate table command executed from an application that runs once a month. All these scenarios are very real and can happen. With the proper database abstraction layer fully covered with black box tests we can make sure something like that does not happen (hopefully at all). Changing physical structures Physical structures include heaps, indexes and partitions. We can pretty much add or remove those without changing the data returned by the database. But the performance can be affected. So here we use our performance tests. We do have them, right? Just by adding a single index we can achieve orders of magnitude performance improvement. Won’t that make users happy? But what if that index causes our write operations to crawl to a stop. again we have to test this. There are a lot of things to think about and have tests for. Without tests we can’t do successful refactoring! Fixing bad code We all have some bad code in our systems. We usually refer to that code as code smell as they violate good coding practices. Examples of such code smells are SQL injection, use of SELECT *, scalar UDFs or cursors, etc… Each of those is huge code smell and can result in major code changes. Take SELECT * from example. If we remove a column from a table the client using that SELECT * statement won’t have a clue about that until it runs. Then it will gracefully crash and burn. Not to mention the widely unknown SELECT * view refresh problem that Tomas LaRock (@SQLRockstar on Twitter) and Colin Stasiuk (@BenchmarkIT on Twitter) talk about in detail. Go read about it, it’s informative. Refactoring this includes replacing the * with column names and most likely change to application using the database. Breaking apart huge stored procedures Have you ever seen seen a stored procedure that was 2000 lines long? I have. It’s not pretty. It hurts the eyes and sucks the will to live the next 10 minutes. They are a maintenance nightmare and turn into things no one dares to touch. I’m willing to bet that 100% of time they don’t have a single test on them. Large stored procedures (and functions) are a clear sign that they contain business logic. General opinion on good database coding practices says that business logic has no business in the database. That’s the applications part. Refactoring such behemoths requires writing lots of edge case tests for the stored procedure input/output behavior and then start to refactor it. First we split the logic inside into smaller parts like new stored procedures and UDFs. Those then get called from the master stored procedure. Once we’ve successfully modularized the database code it’s best to transfer that logic into the applications consuming it. This only leaves the stored procedure with common data manipulation logic. Of course this isn’t always possible so having a plethora of performance and behavior unit tests is absolutely necessary to confirm we’ve actually improved the codebase in some way.   Refactoring is not a popular chore amongst developers or managers. The former don’t like fixing old code, the latter can’t see the financial benefit. Remember how we talked about being lousy at estimating future costs in the previous post? But there comes a time when it must be done. Hopefully I’ve given you some ideas how to get started. In the last post of the series we’ll take a look at the tools to use and an example of testing and refactoring.

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• My vertex shader doesn't affect texture coords or diffuse info but works for position

  - by tina nyaa

  I am new to 3D and DirectX - in the past I have only used abstractions for 2D drawing. Over the past month I've been studying really hard and I'm trying to modify and adapt some of the shaders as part of my personal 'study project'. Below I have a shader, modified from one of the Microsoft samples. I set diffuse and tex0 vertex shader outputs to zero, but my model still shows the full texture and lighting as if I hadn't changed the values from the vertex buffer. Changing the position of the model works, but nothing else. Why is this? // // Skinned Mesh Effect file // Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. // float4 lhtDir = {0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f}; //light Direction float4 lightDiffuse = {0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f}; // Light Diffuse float4 MaterialAmbient : MATERIALAMBIENT = {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f}; float4 MaterialDiffuse : MATERIALDIFFUSE = {0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f}; // Matrix Pallette static const int MAX_MATRICES = 100; float4x3 mWorldMatrixArray[MAX_MATRICES] : WORLDMATRIXARRAY; float4x4 mViewProj : VIEWPROJECTION; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// struct VS_INPUT { float4 Pos : POSITION; float4 BlendWeights : BLENDWEIGHT; float4 BlendIndices : BLENDINDICES; float3 Normal : NORMAL; float3 Tex0 : TEXCOORD0; }; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Pos : POSITION; float4 Diffuse : COLOR; float2 Tex0 : TEXCOORD0; }; float3 Diffuse(float3 Normal) { float CosTheta; // N.L Clamped CosTheta = max(0.0f, dot(Normal, lhtDir.xyz)); // propogate scalar result to vector return (CosTheta); } VS_OUTPUT VShade(VS_INPUT i, uniform int NumBones) { VS_OUTPUT o; float3 Pos = 0.0f; float3 Normal = 0.0f; float LastWeight = 0.0f; // Compensate for lack of UBYTE4 on Geforce3 int4 IndexVector = D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4(i.BlendIndices); // cast the vectors to arrays for use in the for loop below float BlendWeightsArray[4] = (float[4])i.BlendWeights; int IndexArray[4] = (int[4])IndexVector; // calculate the pos/normal using the "normal" weights // and accumulate the weights to calculate the last weight for (int iBone = 0; iBone < NumBones-1; iBone++) { LastWeight = LastWeight + BlendWeightsArray[iBone]; Pos += mul(i.Pos, mWorldMatrixArray[IndexArray[iBone]]) * BlendWeightsArray[iBone]; Normal += mul(i.Normal, mWorldMatrixArray[IndexArray[iBone]]) * BlendWeightsArray[iBone]; } LastWeight = 1.0f - LastWeight; // Now that we have the calculated weight, add in the final influence Pos += (mul(i.Pos, mWorldMatrixArray[IndexArray[NumBones-1]]) * LastWeight); Normal += (mul(i.Normal, mWorldMatrixArray[IndexArray[NumBones-1]]) * LastWeight); // transform position from world space into view and then projection space //o.Pos = mul(float4(Pos.xyz, 1.0f), mViewProj); o.Pos = mul(float4(Pos.xyz, 1.0f), mViewProj); o.Diffuse.x = 0.0f; o.Diffuse.y = 0.0f; o.Diffuse.z = 0.0f; o.Diffuse.w = 0.0f; o.Tex0 = float2(0,0); return o; } technique t0 { pass p0 { VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 VShade(4); } } I am currently using the SlimDX .NET wrapper around DirectX, but the API is extremely similar: public void Draw() { var device = vertexBuffer.Device; device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.White, 1.0f, 0); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.Lighting, true); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.DitherEnable, true); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.ZEnable, true); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.CullMode, Cull.Counterclockwise); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.NormalizeNormals, true); device.SetSamplerState(0, SamplerState.MagFilter, TextureFilter.Anisotropic); device.SetSamplerState(0, SamplerState.MinFilter, TextureFilter.Anisotropic); device.SetTransform(TransformState.World, Matrix.Identity * Matrix.Translation(0, -50, 0)); device.SetTransform(TransformState.View, Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(-200, 0, 0), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitY)); device.SetTransform(TransformState.Projection, Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, (float)device.Viewport.Width / device.Viewport.Height, 10, 10000000)); var material = new Material(); material.Ambient = material.Diffuse = material.Emissive = material.Specular = new Color4(Color.White); material.Power = 1f; device.SetStreamSource(0, vertexBuffer, 0, vertexSize); device.VertexDeclaration = vertexDeclaration; device.Indices = indexBuffer; device.Material = material; device.SetTexture(0, texture); var param = effect.GetParameter(null, "mWorldMatrixArray"); var boneWorldTransforms = bones.OrderedBones.OrderBy(x => x.Id).Select(x => x.CombinedTransformation).ToArray(); effect.SetValue(param, boneWorldTransforms); effect.SetValue(effect.GetParameter(null, "mViewProj"), Matrix.Identity);// Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, (float)device.Viewport.Width / device.Viewport.Height, 10, 10000000)); effect.SetValue(effect.GetParameter(null, "MaterialDiffuse"), material.Diffuse); effect.SetValue(effect.GetParameter(null, "MaterialAmbient"), material.Ambient); effect.Technique = effect.GetTechnique(0); var passes = effect.Begin(FX.DoNotSaveState); for (var i = 0; i < passes; i++) { effect.BeginPass(i); device.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, skin.Vertices.Length, 0, skin.Indicies.Length / 3); effect.EndPass(); } effect.End(); } Again, I set diffuse and tex0 vertex shader outputs to zero, but my model still shows the full texture and lighting as if I hadn't changed the values from the vertex buffer. Changing the position of the model works, but nothing else. Why is this? Also, whatever I set in the bone transformation matrices doesn't seem to have an effect on my model. If I set every bone transformation to a zero matrix, the model still shows up as if nothing had happened, but changing the Pos field in shader output makes the model disappear. I don't understand why I'm getting this kind of behaviour. Thank you!

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, November 15, 2012

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, November 15, 2012Popular ReleasesMVC Bootstrap: MVC Boostrap 0.5.6: A small demo site, based on the default ASP.NET MVC 3 project template, showing off some of the features of MVC Bootstrap. Added features to the Membership provider, a "lock out" feature to help fight brute force hacking of accounts. After a set number of log in attempts, the account is locked for a set time. If you download and use this project, please give some feedback, good or bad!Home Access Plus+: v8.4: This release only contains fixes for the 97576 release, you can download the v8.3 release files which aren't in this release from 97576 Changes: Fixed: Setup.aspx wrong jquery reference Fixed: Issue with loading the user's photo Changed: The JSON Urls to use a number of a date rather than a string Added: Code to hopefully, finally, fix the AD Browser not working some times File Changes: ~/bin/hap.ad.dll ~/bin/hap.web.dll ~/bin/hap.web.configuration.dll ~/bin/hap.web.livetiles.dl...OnTopReplica: Release 3.4: Update to the 3 version with major fixes and improvements. Compatible with Windows 8. Now runs (and requires) .NET Framework v.4.0. Added relative mode for region selection (allows the user to select regions as margins from the borders of the thumbnail, useful for windows which have a variable size but fixed size controls, like video players). Improved window seeking when restoring cloned thumbnail or cloning a window by title or by class. Improved settings persistence. Improved co...DotSpatial: DotSpatial 1.4: This is a Minor Release. See the changes in the issue tracker. Minimal -- includes DotSpatial core and essential extensions Extended -- includes debugging symbols and additional extensions Tutorials are available. Just want to run the software? End user (non-programmer) version available branded as MapWindow Want to add your own feature? Develop a plugin, using the template and contribute to the extension feed (you can also write extensions that you distribute in other ways). Components ...JSLint for Resharper: 0.2.4701 (Resharper 7.1): Added settings dialog. May now prioritize before Resharper JS messages JSLint settings may be set as default. (For example browser: true, indent: 2) Added support for JSLint directives in mixed language files. Upgraded to Resharper 7.1.WinRT XAML Toolkit: WinRT XAML Toolkit - 1.3.5: WinRT XAML Toolkit based on the Windows 8 RTM SDK. Download the latest source from the SOURCE CODE page. For compiled version use NuGet. You can add it to your project in Visual Studio by going to View/Other Windows/Package Manager Console and entering: PM> Install-Package winrtxamltoolkit Features Attachable Behaviors AwaitableUI extensions Controls Converters Debugging helpers Extension methods Imaging helpers IO helpers VisualTree helpers Samples Recent changes Docum...Social Network Importer for NodeXL: SocialNetImporter(v.1.6.1): This new version includes: - Fixes for some reported bugs. To use the new graph data provider, do the following: Unzip the Zip file into the "PlugIns" folder that can be found in the NodeXL installation folder (i.e "C:\Program Files\Social Media Research Foundation\NodeXL Excel Template\PlugIns") Open NodeXL template and you can access the new importer from the "Import" menuAcDown?????: AcDown????? v4.3: ??●AcDown??????????、??、??、???????。????，????，?????????????????????????。???????????Acfun、????(Bilibili)、??、??、YouTube、??、???、??????、SF????、????????????。 ●??????AcPlay?????，??????、????????????????。 ● AcDown??????????????????，????????????????????????????。 ● AcDown???????C#??，????.NET Framework 2.0??。?????"Acfun?????"。 ????32??64? Windows XP/Vista/7/8 ???? 32??64? ???Linux ????(1)????????Windows XP???，????????.NET Framework 2.0???(x86)，?????"?????????"??? (2)???????????Linux???，????????Mono?? ??2...SoftRenderer: SoftRenderer v0.2: SPONZA DEMO SoftRender is a CPU based renderer. It render 3D scene only on CPU. It's a project for learning purpose. SoftRender ????????，??????????。 http://i3.codeplex.com/Download?ProjectName=sr&DownloadId=528732 ?????????????，???compilehwshader.bat???????shader SoftRenderer.exe?vc10???????bin?? SoftRenderer_avx.exe?intel????????avx???cpu?????bin??WallSwitch: WallSwitch 1.2.1: Version 1.2.1 Changes: Improved collage image distribution to overlap older images first. Set default collage background blur distance to 4 (provides a more gradual effect). Fixed issue where wallpaper not displayed on Windows Vista when Cross-Fade transitions enabled. Fixed issue with duplicated themes not updating history view correctly.????: ???? 1.0: ????Unicode IVS Add-in for Microsoft Office: Unicode IVS Add-in for Microsoft Office: Unicode IVS Add-in for Microsoft Office ??? ?????、Unicode IVS?????????????????Unicode IVS???????????????。??、??????????????、?????????????????????????????。Microsoft Ajax Minifier: Microsoft Ajax Minifier 4.74: fix for issue #18836 - sometimes throws null-reference errors in ActivationObject.AnalyzeScope method. add back the Context object's 8-parameter constructor, since someone has code that's using it. throw a low-pri warning if an expression statement is == or ===; warn that the developer may have meant an assignment (=). if window.XXXX or window"XXXX" is encountered, add XXXX (as long as it's a valid JavaScript identifier) to the known globals so subsequent references to XXXX won't throw ...???????: Monitor 2012-11-11: This is the first releasehttpclient?????????: httpclient??????? 1.0: httpclient??????? （1）?????????? （2）????????? （3）??2012-11-06??，???????。VidCoder: 1.4.5 Beta: Removed the old Advanced user interface and moved x264 preset/profile/tune there instead. The functionality is still available through editing the options string. Added ability to specify the H.264 level. Added ability to choose VidCoder's interface language. If you are interested in translating, we can get VidCoder in your language! Updated WPF text rendering to use the better Display mode. Updated HandBrake core to SVN 5045. Removed logic that forced the .m4v extension in certain ...ImageGlass: Version 1.5: http://i1214.photobucket.com/albums/cc483/phapsuxeko/ImageGlass/1.png v1.5.4401.3015 Thumbnail bar: Increase loading speed Thumbnail image with ratio Support personal customization: mouse up, mouse down, mouse hover, selected item... Scroll to show all items Image viewer Zoom by scroll, or selected rectangle Speed up loading Zoom to cursor point New background design and customization and others... v1.5.4430.483 Thumbnail bar: Auto move scroll bar to selected image Show / Hi...Building Windows 8 Apps with C# and XAML: Full Source Chapters 1 - 10 for Windows 8 Fix 002: This is the full source from all chapters of the book, compiled and tested on Windows 8 RTM. Includes: A fix for the Netflix example from Chapter 6 that was missing a service reference A fix for the ImageHelper issue (images were not being saved) - this was due to the buffer being inadequate and required streaming the writeable bitmap to a buffer first before encoding and savingmyCollections: Version 2.3.2.0: New in this version : Added TheGamesDB.net API for Games and NDS Added Support for Windows Media Center Added Support for myMovies Added Support for XBMC Added Support for Dune HD Added Support for Mede8er Added Support for WD HDTV Added Fast search options Added order by Artist/Album for music You can now create covers and background for games You can now update your ID3 tag with the info of myCollections Fixed several provider Performance improvement New Splash ...Draw: Draw 1.0: Drawing PadNew ProjectsCreatorRSS: CreatorRSS - A Simple Desktop tray RSS Reader This is a simple desktop RSS reader that will help in managing your feeds and get notifications. CreatorRSS is based on .NET framework 2.0 and is coded in C#. This was tested only on Windows Xp Professional Sp2 but it should work on any Windows operating systems that support .NET framework. Extensions Library: Extension Library adds several helpful extensions to your project including: - SharePoint Logging - Event Viewer Logging - Exception Handling - .Net ExtensionsHoliday Calendar: This project contains a holiday calendar user control to be used in Windows Form applications.InputSQL: C# InputSQLInstall Visual Basic 6 in Windows 8: Please see the home page.KaartenSolution: A very simple card game.MezanmiNet_TaxiReviews: just a review application on the mobile platformMSHelpMeHD: A Windows 8 Store App.ProjectSocial: This is just a project to try coding.Rabbit MQ Client for Windows Store apps: rabbitmq client support for windows apps storeRFC 822 DateTime: Parse or write a date and time formatted according to the RFC 822 specification. RxJS TypeScript difinition: TypeScript d.ts files for RxJS(ReactiveExtensions for JavaScript)Samurai Blades - Webapp: A mimic of a classic board game (Shogun) created for web using HTML5 and ASP.NET MVC 4 (including the new typescript js compiler). servicehook: testSIMS Bulk Import: SIMS .net is the most popular MIS system used by schools across the UK. This tool allows you to bulk import email addresses and information into UDF fields.SpaceFlight: This project is a browser for the SloanDigital Sky Survey Data sets that allows for unconstrained movement within the data set.Sparse matrix format converter: Convert matrix market files to CSR0, CSR1 format. SPAutoSuggestion: A JavaScript application to show auto-suggestions in SharePoint search site's text boxes like in Google.SpreadsheetLight by Vincent Tan: For the latest release of SpreadsheetLight always go to http://www.spreadsheetlight.com, Anele MbangaSSTU: SSTU - this is simple client for Russian "Saratov State Technical University" web-site.Username generator library: Helps generate usernamesVideoStream: First attempt at a Windows Store Style App, aims to make it easy to browse videos from links provided in social media streams.WP8 Async WebClient: Provides async/await (TPL) capability to WebClient within Windows Phone 8wsccprototype: this is a prototype of what the main website will look like. Every other customization will be made in time.wsubi: A spiced-up way to manage scripts. This is a Windows port of the the 'sub' project from 37signals (https://github.com/37signals/sub).??C#????????: ?????????????ROYcms?????????！ 1.?????????，?????? 2.????????，?????????? 3.?????，?????，????????????????,??????????? 4.???????????，????

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• Passing integer lists in a sql query, best practices

  - by Artiom Chilaru

  I'm currently looking at ways to pass lists of integers in a SQL query, and try to decide which of them is best in which situation, what are the benefots of each, and what are the pitfalls, what should be avoided :) Right now I know of 3 ways that we currently use in our application. 1) Table valued parameter: Create a new Table Valued Parameter in sql server: CREATE TYPE [dbo].[TVP_INT] AS TABLE( [ID] [int] NOT NULL ) Then run the query against it: using (var conn = new SqlConnection(DataContext.GetDefaultConnectionString)) { var comm = conn.CreateCommand(); comm.CommandType = CommandType.Text; comm.CommandText = @" UPDATE DA SET [tsLastImportAttempt] = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM [Account] DA JOIN @values IDs ON DA.ID = IDs.ID"; comm.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("values", downloadResults.Select(d => d.ID).ToDataTable()) { TypeName = "TVP_INT" }); conn.Open(); comm.ExecuteScalar(); } The major disadvantages of this method is the fact that Linq doesn't support table valued params (if you create an SP with a TVP param, linq won't be able to run it) :( 2) Convert the list to Binary and use it in Linq! This is a bit better.. Create an SP, and you can run it within linq :) To do this, the SP will have an IMAGE parameter, and we'll be using a user defined function (udf) to convert this to a table.. We currently have implementations of this function written in C++ and in assembly, both have pretty much the same performance :) Basically, each integer is represented by 4 bytes, and passed to the SP. In .NET we have an extension method that convers an IEnumerable to a byte array The extension method: public static Byte[] ToBinary(this IEnumerable intList) { return ToBinaryEnum(intList).ToArray(); } private static IEnumerable<Byte> ToBinaryEnum(IEnumerable<Int32> intList) { IEnumerator<Int32> marker = intList.GetEnumerator(); while (marker.MoveNext()) { Byte[] result = BitConverter.GetBytes(marker.Current); Array.Reverse(result); foreach (byte b in result) yield return b; } } The SP: CREATE PROCEDURE [Accounts-UpdateImportAttempts] @values IMAGE AS BEGIN UPDATE DA SET [tsLastImportAttempt] = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP FROM [Account] DA JOIN dbo.udfIntegerArray(@values, 4) IDs ON DA.ID = IDs.Value4 END And we can use it by running the SP directly, or in any linq query we need using (var db = new DataContext()) { db.Accounts_UpdateImportAttempts(downloadResults.Select(d => d.ID).ToBinary()); // or var accounts = db.Accounts .Where(a => db.udfIntegerArray(downloadResults.Select(d => d.ID).ToBinary(), 4) .Select(i => i.Value4) .Contains(a.ID)); } This method has the benefit of using compiled queries in linq (which will have the same sql definition, and query plan, so will also be cached), and can be used in SPs as well. Both these methods are theoretically unlimited, so you can pass millions of ints at a time :) 3) The simple linq .Contains() It's a more simple approach, and is perfect in simple scenarios. But is of course limited by this. using (var db = new DataContext()) { var accounts = db.Accounts .Where(a => downloadResults.Select(d => d.ID).Contains(a.ID)); } The biggest drawback of this method is that each integer in the downloadResults variable will be passed as a separate int.. In this case, the query is limited by sql (max allowed parameters in a sql query, which is a couple of thousand, if I remember right). So I'd like to ask.. What do you think is the best of these, and what other methods and approaches have I missed?

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• Macports irssi & perl5 installation issues

  - by Dmitri DB

  Long time reader, first time poster. Big, appreciative thanks for everyone's collective questioning and answering here and at stackoverflow, it's helped me quite a lot over the time I've been learning answers through these sites! Apologies in advance if I didn't search hard enough on posts already up on this site to find out what I could do about this issue, but I thought I'd just reach out for the sake of trying at least once. I've experienced this issue while starting up my macports-installed version of irssi: 13:25 -!- Irssi: Error in script dispatch: 13:25 Can't locate lib.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.4/darwin-multi-2level /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.4 /opt/local/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.12.4/darwin-multi-2level /opt/local/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.12.4 /opt/local/lib/perl5/5.12.4/darwin-multi-2level /opt/local/lib/perl5/5.12.4 /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.3/darwin-multi-2level /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.3 /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl /opt/local/lib/perl5/vendor_perl .) at (eval 18) line 1. 13:25 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at (eval 18) line 1. 13:25 Huh, strange. I looked into it a bit: [email protected] /opt/local/lib/perl5 ?- find . -name "lib.pm" -ls 14673887 16 -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 6853 25 Jun 23:39 ./5.12.4/darwin-thread-multi- 2level/lib.pm [email protected] /opt/local/lib/perl5 ?- l 5.12.4/darwin-thread-multi-2level total 1864 drwxr-xr-x 55 root admin 1870 28 Jun 19:28 . drwxr-xr-x 158 root admin 5372 28 Jun 19:28 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 177814 25 Jun 23:39 .packlist drwxr-xr-x 6 root admin 204 28 Jun 19:28 B -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 25714 25 Jun 23:39 B.pm drwxr-xr-x 64 root admin 2176 28 Jun 19:28 CORE drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Compress -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 3000 25 Jun 23:39 Config.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 228094 25 Jun 23:39 Config.pod -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 409 25 Jun 23:39 Config_git.pl -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 38759 25 Jun 23:39 Config_heavy.pl -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 21174 25 Jun 23:39 Cwd.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 63535 25 Jun 23:39 DB_File.pm drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Data drwxr-xr-x 5 root admin 170 28 Jun 19:28 Devel drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 Digest -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 25185 25 Jun 23:39 DynaLoader.pm drwxr-xr-x 22 root admin 748 28 Jun 19:28 Encode -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 29731 25 Jun 23:39 Encode.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 6736 25 Jun 23:39 Errno.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 5445 25 Jun 23:39 Fcntl.pm drwxr-xr-x 5 root admin 170 28 Jun 19:28 File drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Filter -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 1819 25 Jun 23:39 GDBM_File.pm drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 Hash drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 I18N drwxr-xr-x 11 root admin 374 28 Jun 19:28 IO -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 1404 25 Jun 23:39 IO.pm drwxr-xr-x 6 root admin 204 28 Jun 19:28 IPC drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 List drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 MIME drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Math -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 2519 25 Jun 23:39 NDBM_File.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 4208 25 Jun 23:39 O.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 15563 25 Jun 23:39 Opcode.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 21011 25 Jun 23:39 POSIX.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 58962 25 Jun 23:39 POSIX.pod drwxr-xr-x 5 root admin 170 28 Jun 19:28 PerlIO -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 2515 25 Jun 23:39 SDBM_File.pm drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 Scalar -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 10837 25 Jun 23:39 Socket.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 41003 25 Jun 23:39 Storable.pm drwxr-xr-x 4 root admin 136 28 Jun 19:28 Sys drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Text drwxr-xr-x 5 root admin 170 28 Jun 19:28 Time drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 Unicode -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 14462 25 Jun 23:39 attributes.pm drwxr-xr-x 38 root admin 1292 28 Jun 19:28 auto -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 19892 25 Jun 23:39 encoding.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 6853 25 Jun 23:39 lib.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 11044 25 Jun 23:39 mro.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 997 25 Jun 23:39 ops.pm -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 13945 25 Jun 23:39 re.pm drwxr-xr-x 3 root admin 102 28 Jun 19:28 threads -r--r--r-- 1 root admin 33283 25 Jun 23:39 threads.pm So, it sort of seems to me that the permissions which perl5 got installed with for these modules has gotten mixed up somehow? I'm not really a perl user beyond enjoying it for massive directory-recursive find/replace operations within text files, so I haven't much of an idea what the permissions here are supposed to look like, and I'm not really sure how to go about determining how macports has gone and installed perl this way when it's otherwise worked without failure for years now. Does anyone have any recommendations for the sanest path towards rectifying this issue? Also, is there any interesting reason as to why the macports default for the perl5 port installs 5.12.4, and not 5.16.0, which has to be explicitly installed via the perl5.16 port? Thanks again!

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• Can the STREAM and GUPS (single CPU) benchmark use non-local memory in NUMA machine

  - by osgx

  Hello I want to run some tests from HPCC, STREAM and GUPS. They will test memory bandwidth, latency, and throughput (in term of random accesses). Can I start Single CPU test STREAM or Single CPU GUPS on NUMA node with memory interleaving enabled? (Is it allowed by the rules of HPCC - High Performance Computing Challenge?) Usage of non-local memory can increase GUPS results, because it will increase 2- or 4- fold the number of memory banks, available for random accesses. (GUPS typically limited by nonideal memory-subsystem and by slow memory bank opening/closing. With more banks it can do update to one bank, while the other banks are opening/closing.) Thanks. UPDATE: (you may nor reorder the memory accesses that the program makes). But can compiler reorder loops nesting? E.g. hpcc/RandomAccess.c /* Perform updates to main table. The scalar equivalent is: * * u64Int ran; * ran = 1; * for (i=0; i<NUPDATE; i++) { * ran = (ran << 1) ^ (((s64Int) ran < 0) ? POLY : 0); * table[ran & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; * } */ for (j=0; j<128; j++) ran[j] = starts ((NUPDATE/128) * j); for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { /* #pragma ivdep */ for (j=0; j<128; j++) { ran[j] = (ran[j] << 1) ^ ((s64Int) ran[j] < 0 ? POLY : 0); Table[ran[j] & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran[j] >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; } } The main loop here is for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { and the nested loop is for (j=0; j<128; j++) {. Using 'loop interchange' optimization, compiler can convert this code to for (j=0; j<128; j++) { for (i=0; i<NUPDATE/128; i++) { ran[j] = (ran[j] << 1) ^ ((s64Int) ran[j] < 0 ? POLY : 0); Table[ran[j] & (TableSize-1)] ^= stable[ran[j] >> (64-LSTSIZE)]; } } It can be done because this loop nest is perfect loop nest. Is such optimization prohibited by rules of HPCC?

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• Overriding Object.Equals() instance method in C#; now Code Analysis / FxCop warning CA2218: "should

  - by Chris W. Rea

  I've got a complex class in my C# project on which I want to be able to do equality tests. It is not a trivial class; it contains a variety of scalar properties as well as references to other objects and collections (e.g. IDictionary). For what it's worth, my class is sealed. To enable a performance optimization elsewhere in my system (an optimization that avoids a costly network round-trip), I need to be able to compare instances of these objects to each other for equality – other than the built-in reference equality – and so I'm overriding the Object.Equals() instance method. However, now that I've done that, Visual Studio 2008's Code Analysis a.k.a. FxCop, which I keep enabled by default, is raising the following warning: warning : CA2218 : Microsoft.Usage : Since 'MySuperDuperClass' redefines Equals, it should also redefine GetHashCode. I think I understand the rationale for this warning: If I am going to be using such objects as the key in a collection, the hash code is important. i.e. see this question. However, I am not going to be using these objects as the key in a collection. Ever. Feeling justified to suppress the warning, I looked up code CA2218 in the MSDN documentation to get the full name of the warning so I could apply a SuppressMessage attribute to my class as follows: [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA2218:OverrideGetHashCodeOnOverridingEquals", Justification="This class is not to be used as key in a hashtable.")] However, while reading further, I noticed the following: How to Fix Violations To fix a violation of this rule, provide an implementation of GetHashCode. For a pair of objects of the same type, you must ensure that the implementation returns the same value if your implementation of Equals returns true for the pair. When to Suppress Warnings ----- Do not suppress a warning from this rule. [arrow & emphasis mine] So, I'd like to know: Why shouldn't I suppress this warning as I was planning to? Doesn't my case warrant suppression? I don't want to code up an implementation of GetHashCode() for this object that will never get called, since my object will never be the key in a collection. If I wanted to be pedantic, instead of suppressing, would it be more reasonable for me to override GetHashCode() with an implementation that throws a NotImplementedException? Update: I just looked this subject up again in Bill Wagner's good book Effective C#, and he states in "Item 10: Understand the Pitfalls of GetHashCode()": If you're defining a type that won't ever be used as the key in a container, this won't matter. Types that represent window controls, web page controls, or database connections are unlikely to be used as keys in a collection. In those cases, do nothing. All reference types will have a hash code that is correct, even if it is very inefficient. [...] In most types that you create, the best approach is to avoid the existence of GetHashCode() entirely. ... that's where I originally got this idea that I need not be concerned about GetHashCode() always.

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• Syntax error in INSERT INTO statement

  - by user454563

  I wrote a program that connects to MS Access. When I fill in the fields and add a new item to Access the program fails. The exception is "Syntax error in INSERT INTO statement" Here is the relevant code. **************************************************************** AdoHelper.cs **************************************************************** using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Data; using System.Data.OleDb; namespace Yad2 { class AdoHelper { //get the connection string from the app.config file //Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=|DataDirectory|\Yad2.accdb static string connectionString = Properties.Settings.Default.DBConnection.ToString(); //declare the db connection static OleDbConnection con = new OleDbConnection(connectionString); /// <summary> /// To Execute queries which returns result set (table / relation) /// </summary> /// <param name="query">the query string</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string query) { try { con.Open(); OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(query, con); System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter tableAdapter = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(command); DataTable dt = new DataTable(); tableAdapter.Fill(dt); return dt; } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { con.Close(); } } /// <summary> /// To Execute update / insert / delete queries /// </summary> /// <param name="query">the query string</param> public static void ExecuteNonQuery(string query) { try { con.Open(); System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand command = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(query, con); command.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { con.Close(); } } /// <summary> /// To Execute queries which return scalar value /// </summary> /// <param name="query">the query string</param> public static object ExecuteScalar(string query) { try { con.Open(); System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand command = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand(query, con); /// here is the Excaption !!!!!!!!! return command.ExecuteScalar(); } catch { throw; } finally { con.Close(); } } } } **************************************************************************** **************************************************************************** DataQueries.cs **************************************************************************** using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Data; namespace Yad2 { class DataQueries { public static DataTable GetAllItems() { try { string query = "Select * from Messages"; DataTable dt = AdoHelper.ExecuteDataTable(query); return dt; } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } public static void AddNewItem(string mesNumber, string title , string mesDate , string contactMail , string mesType , string Details ) { string query = "Insert into Messages values(" + mesNumber + " , '" + title + "' , '" + mesDate + "' , '" + contactMail + "' , , '" + mesType + "' , '" + Details + "')"; AdoHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(query); } public static void DeleteDept(int mesNumber) { string query = "Delete from Item where MessageNumber=" + mesNumber; AdoHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(query); } } } *********************************************************************************************** plase help me .... why the program falls ?

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• Entity Association Mapping with Code First Part 1 : Mapping Complex Types

  - by mortezam

  Last week the CTP5 build of the new Entity Framework Code First has been released by data team at Microsoft. Entity Framework Code-First provides a pretty powerful code-centric way to work with the databases. When it comes to associations, it brings ultimate flexibility. I’m a big fan of the EF Code First approach and am planning to explain association mapping with code first in a series of blog posts and this one is dedicated to Complex Types. If you are new to Code First approach, you can find a great walkthrough here. In order to build a solid foundation for our discussion, we will start by learning about some of the core concepts around the relationship mapping.   What is Mapping?Mapping is the act of determining how objects and their relationships are persisted in permanent data storage, in our case, relational databases. What is Relationship mapping?A mapping that describes how to persist a relationship (association, aggregation, or composition) between two or more objects. Types of RelationshipsThere are two categories of object relationships that we need to be concerned with when mapping associations. The first category is based on multiplicity and it includes three types: One-to-one relationships: This is a relationship where the maximums of each of its multiplicities is one. One-to-many relationships: Also known as a many-to-one relationship, this occurs when the maximum of one multiplicity is one and the other is greater than one. Many-to-many relationships: This is a relationship where the maximum of both multiplicities is greater than one. The second category is based on directionality and it contains two types: Uni-directional relationships: when an object knows about the object(s) it is related to but the other object(s) do not know of the original object. To put this in EF terminology, when a navigation property exists only on one of the association ends and not on the both. Bi-directional relationships: When the objects on both end of the relationship know of each other (i.e. a navigation property defined on both ends). How Object Relationships Are Implemented in POCO domain models?When the multiplicity is one (e.g. 0..1 or 1) the relationship is implemented by defining a navigation property that reference the other object (e.g. an Address property on User class). When the multiplicity is many (e.g. 0..*, 1..*) the relationship is implemented via an ICollection of the type of other object. How Relational Database Relationships Are Implemented? Relationships in relational databases are maintained through the use of Foreign Keys. A foreign key is a data attribute(s) that appears in one table and must be the primary key or other candidate key in another table. With a one-to-one relationship the foreign key needs to be implemented by one of the tables. To implement a one-to-many relationship we implement a foreign key from the “one table” to the “many table”. We could also choose to implement a one-to-many relationship via an associative table (aka Join table), effectively making it a many-to-many relationship. Introducing the ModelNow, let's review the model that we are going to use in order to implement Complex Type with Code First. It's a simple object model which consist of two classes: User and Address. Each user could have one billing address. The Address information of a User is modeled as a separate class as you can see in the UML model below: In object-modeling terms, this association is a kind of aggregation—a part-of relationship. Aggregation is a strong form of association; it has some additional semantics with regard to the lifecycle of objects. In this case, we have an even stronger form, composition, where the lifecycle of the part is fully dependent upon the lifecycle of the whole. Fine-grained domain models The motivation behind this design was to achieve Fine-grained domain models. In crude terms, fine-grained means “more classes than tables”. For example, a user may have both a billing address and a home address. In the database, you may have a single User table with the columns BillingStreet, BillingCity, and BillingPostalCode along with HomeStreet, HomeCity, and HomePostalCode. There are good reasons to use this somewhat denormalized relational model (performance, for one). In our object model, we can use the same approach, representing the two addresses as six string-valued properties of the User class. But it’s much better to model this using an Address class, where User has the BillingAddress and HomeAddress properties. This object model achieves improved cohesion and greater code reuse and is more understandable. Complex Types: Splitting a Table Across Multiple Types Back to our model, there is no difference between this composition and other weaker styles of association when it comes to the actual C# implementation. But in the context of ORM, there is a big difference: A composed class is often a candidate Complex Type. But C# has no concept of composition—a class or property can’t be marked as a composition. The only difference is the object identifier: a complex type has no individual identity (i.e. no AddressId defined on Address class) which make sense because when it comes to the database everything is going to be saved into one single table. How to implement a Complex Types with Code First Code First has a concept of Complex Type Discovery that works based on a set of Conventions. The convention is that if Code First discovers a class where a primary key cannot be inferred, and no primary key is registered through Data Annotations or the fluent API, then the type will be automatically registered as a complex type. Complex type detection also requires that the type does not have properties that reference entity types (i.e. all the properties must be scalar types) and is not referenced from a collection property on another type. Here is the implementation: public class User{    public int UserId { get; set; }    public string FirstName { get; set; }    public string LastName { get; set; }    public string Username { get; set; }    public Address Address { get; set; }} public class Address {     public string Street { get; set; }     public string City { get; set; }            public string PostalCode { get; set; }        }public class EntityMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }        } With code first, this is all of the code we need to write to create a complex type, we do not need to configure any additional database schema mapping information through Data Annotations or the fluent API. Database SchemaThe mapping result for this object model is as follows: Limitations of this mappingThere are two important limitations to classes mapped as Complex Types: Shared references is not possible: The Address Complex Type doesn’t have its own database identity (primary key) and so can’t be referred to by any object other than the containing instance of User (e.g. a Shipping class that also needs to reference the same User Address). No elegant way to represent a null reference There is no elegant way to represent a null reference to an Address. When reading from database, EF Code First always initialize Address object even if values in all mapped columns of the complex type are null. This means that if you store a complex type object with all null property values, EF Code First returns a initialized complex type when the owning entity object is retrieved from the database. SummaryIn this post we learned about fine-grained domain models which complex type is just one example of it. Fine-grained is fully supported by EF Code First and is known as the most important requirement for a rich domain model. Complex type is usually the simplest way to represent one-to-one relationships and because the lifecycle is almost always dependent in such a case, it’s either an aggregation or a composition in UML. In the next posts we will revisit the same domain model and will learn about other ways to map a one-to-one association that does not have the limitations of the complex types. References ADO.NET team blog Mapping Objects to Relational Databases Java Persistence with Hibernate

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• Why didn't 12.04 install?

  - by Josephisscrewed

  Ok, so I've installed Ubuntu many times on my computer.. Normally on the same partition, and WIndows would always delete Ubuntu(I don't know how.. it just happens) if i go away from keyboard during boot and it chooses Windows automatically because I took to long. So i tried to reinstall again, but after the fifth time it wouldn't let me, and told me to check "wubi-12.04-rev266.log". It took a while to find, but when i found it, I had no idea what any of it meant, as I'm no programmer.I first tried this the day Precise Pangolin came out. SO skip ahead 2.5 months, when I finally found this file, and i then got the idea of making a new partition to install Ubuntu on, but I used wubi, like I always did. It didn't look like it would f anything up, so I did it. it went through all the downloads, extracting, etc. Which took about 40 minutes total, then ended with an error message saying to check "wubi-12.04-rev266.log". i did. Here's what it says: 07-10 23:33 INFO root: === wubi 12.04 rev266 === 07-10 23:33 DEBUG root: Logfile is c:\users\joseph\appdata\local\temp\wubi-12.04-rev266.log 07-10 23:33 DEBUG root: sys.argv = ['main.pyo', '--exefile="C:\\Users\\Joseph\\Downloads\\wubi.exe"'] 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: data_dir=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\data 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: 7z=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\bin\7z.exe 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: startup_folder=C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Fetching basic info... 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: original_exe=C:\Users\Joseph\Downloads\wubi.exe 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: platform=win32 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: osname=nt 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: language=en_US 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: encoding=cp1252 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: arch=amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Parsing isolist=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\data\isolist.ini 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Edubuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Edubuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Lubuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-i386 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Lubuntu-amd64 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Fetching host info... 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: registry_key=Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows version=vista 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_version2=Windows 7 Home Premium 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_sp=None 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_build=7600 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: gmt=-8 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: country=US 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: timezone=America/Los_Angeles 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_username=Joseph 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_full_name=Joseph 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_directory=C:\Users\Joseph 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language_code=1033 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language=English 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: processor_name=Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU M 370 @ 2.40GHz 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: bootloader=vista 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: system_drive=Drive(C: hd 78696.8203125 mb free ntfs) 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(C: hd 78696.8203125 mb free ntfs) 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(D: hd 4303.48046875 mb free ntfs) 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(E: cd 0.0 mb free udf) 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(U: hd 79907.8320313 mb free ntfs) 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: uninstaller_path=None 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_target_dir=None 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_distro_name=None 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_id=67699721 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_layout=us 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_variant= 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: python locale=('en_US', 'cp1252') 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: locale=en_US.UTF-8 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsBackend: total_memory_mb=3893.859375 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching ISOs on USB devices 07-10 23:33 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching for local CDs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Edubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Lubuntu CD 07-10 23:33 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:33 INFO root: Running the installer... 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsFrontend: __init__... 07-10 23:33 DEBUG WindowsFrontend: on_init... 07-10 23:33 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\translations, languages=['en_US', 'en'] 07-10 23:33 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\translations, languages=['en_US', 'en'] 07-10 23:35 DEBUG WinuiInstallationPage: target_drive=U:, installation_size=30000MB, distro_name=Ubuntu, language=en_US, locale=en_US.UTF-8, username=joseph 07-10 23:35 INFO root: Received settings 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching for local CD 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: checking whether U:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 07-10 23:35 DEBUG Distro: does not contain U:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching for local ISO 07-10 23:35 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Joseph\AppData\Local\Temp\pylA05E.tmp\translations, languages=['en_US', 'en'] 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: # Running tasklist... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running select_target_dir... 07-10 23:35 INFO WindowsBackend: Installing into U:\ubuntu 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished select_target_dir 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_dir_structure... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\disks 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\install 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\install\boot 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\disks\boot 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\disks\boot\grub 07-10 23:35 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir U:\ubuntu\install\boot\grub 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_dir_structure 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_uninstaller... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying uninstaller C:\Users\Joseph\Downloads\wubi.exe -> U:\ubuntu\uninstall-wubi.exe 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi UninstallString U:\ubuntu\uninstall-wubi.exe 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi InstallationDir U:\ubuntu 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayName Ubuntu 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayIcon U:\ubuntu\Ubuntu.ico 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayVersion 12.04-rev266 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi Publisher Ubuntu 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi URLInfoAbout http://www.ubuntu.com 07-10 23:35 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi HelpLink http://www.ubuntu.com/support 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_uninstaller 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_preseed_diskimage... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_preseed_diskimage 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running get_diskimage... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: New task download 07-10 23:35 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running download... 07-10 23:35 DEBUG downloader: downloading http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-12.04-wubi-amd64.tar.xz > U:\ubuntu\disks\ubuntu-12.04-wubi-amd64.tar.xz 07-10 23:35 DEBUG downloader: Download start filename=U:\ubuntu\disks\ubuntu-12.04-wubi-amd64.tar.xz, url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-12.04-wubi-amd64.tar.xz, basename=ubuntu-12.04-wubi-amd64.tar.xz, length=512730488, text=None 07-11 00:00 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished download 07-11 00:00 DEBUG downloader: download finished (read 512730488 bytes) 07-11 00:00 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished get_diskimage 07-11 00:00 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running extract_diskimage... 07-11 00:03 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished extract_diskimage 07-11 00:03 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running choose_disk_sizes... 07-11 00:03 DEBUG WindowsBackend: total size=30000 root=29744 swap=256 home=0 usr=0 07-11 00:03 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished choose_disk_sizes 07-11 00:03 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running expand_diskimage... 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished expand_diskimage 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_swap_diskimage... 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_swap_diskimage 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running modify_bootloader... 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: New task modify_bcd 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running modify_bcd... 07-11 00:05 DEBUG WindowsBackend: modify_bcd Drive(C: hd 78696.8203125 mb free ntfs) 07-11 00:05 ERROR TaskList: Error executing command >>command=C:\Windows\sysnative\bcdedit.exe /set {970e3d1b-e019-11df-a016-81045c79c1f9} device partition=U: >>retval=1 >>stderr=An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. >>stdout= Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in __call__ File "\lib\wubi\backends\win32\backend.py", line 697, in modify_bcd File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\utils.py", line 66, in run_command Exception: Error executing command >>command=C:\Windows\sysnative\bcdedit.exe /set {970e3d1b-e019-11df-a016-81045c79c1f9} device partition=U: >>retval=1 >>stderr=An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. >>stdout= 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: # Cancelling tasklist 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: New task modify_bcd 07-11 00:05 ERROR root: Error executing command >>command=C:\Windows\sysnative\bcdedit.exe /set {970e3d1b-e019-11df-a016-81045c79c1f9} device partition=U: >>retval=1 >>stderr=An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. >>stdout= Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 58, in run File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 132, in select_task File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 158, in run_installer File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in __call__ File "\lib\wubi\backends\win32\backend.py", line 697, in modify_bcd File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\utils.py", line 66, in run_command Exception: Error executing command >>command=C:\Windows\sysnative\bcdedit.exe /set {970e3d1b-e019-11df-a016-81045c79c1f9} device partition=U: >>retval=1 >>stderr=An error has occurred setting the element data. The request is not supported. >>stdout= 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: New task modify_bcd 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished modify_bootloader 07-11 00:05 DEBUG TaskList: # Finished tasklist What have I done wrong? What can I do? If I turn off my laptop, will I actually be able to turn it back on? If you want me to post the log from the first day it happened, i'd be glad to in the comments, in the main body it made it over 30000 characters.

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• Entity Framework v1 &hellip; Brief Synopsis and Tips &ndash; Part 2

  - by Rohit Gupta

  Using Entity Framework with ASMX Web sErvices and WCF Web Service: If you use ASMX WebService to expose Entity objects from Entity Framework... then the ASMX Webservice does not  include object graphs, one work around is to use Facade pattern or to use WCF Service. The other important aspect of using ASMX Web Services along with Entity Framework is that the ASMX Client is not aware of the existence of EF v1 since the client solely deals with C# objects (not EntityObjects or ObjectContext). Since the client is not aware of the ObjectContext hence the client cannot participate in change tracking since the client only receives the Current Values and not the Orginal values when the service sends the the Entity objects to the client. Thus there are 2 drawbacks to using EntityFramework with ASMX Web Service: 1. Object state is not maintained... so to overcome this limitation we need insert/update single entity at a time and retrieve the original values for the entity being updated on the server/service end before calling Save Changes. 2. ASMX does not maintain object graphs... i.e. Customer.Reservations or Customer.Reservations.Trip relationships are not maintained. Thus you need to send these relationships separately from service to client. WCF Web Service overcomes the object graph limitation of ASMX Web Service, but we need to insure that we are populating all the non-null scalar properties of all the objects in the object graph before calling Update. WCF Web service still cannot overcome the second limitation of tracking changes to entities at the client end. Also note that the "Customer" class in the Client is very different from the "Customer" class in the Entity Framework Model Entities. They are incompatible with each other hence we cannot cast one to the other. However the .NET Framework translates the client "Customer" Entity to the EFv1 Model "customer" Entity once the entity is serialzed back on the ASMX server end. If you need change tracking enabled on the client then we need to use WCF Data Services which is available with VS 2010. ====================================================================================================== In WCF when adding an object that has relationships, the framework assumes that every object in the object graph needs to be added to store. for e.g. in a Customer.Reservations.Trip object graph, when a Customer Entity is added to the store, the EFv1 assumes that it needs to a add a Reservations collection and also Trips for each Reservation. Thus if we need to use existing Trips for reservations then we need to insure that we null out the Trip object reference from Reservations and set the TripReference to the EntityKey of the desired Trip instead. ====================================================================================================== Understanding Relationships and Associations in EFv1 The Golden Rule of EF is that it does not load entities/relationships unless you ask it to explicitly do so. However there is 1 exception to this rule. This exception happens when you attach/detach entities from the ObjectContext. If you detach an Entity in a ObjectGraph from the ObjectContext, then the ObjectContext removes the ObjectStateEntry for this Entity and all the relationship Objects associated with this Entity. For e.g. in a Customer.Order.OrderDetails if the Customer Entity is detached from the ObjectContext then you cannot traverse to the Order and OrderDetails Entities (that still exist in the ObjectContext) from the Customer Entity(which does not exist in the Object Context) Conversely, if you JOIN a entity that is not in the ObjectContext with a Entity that is in the ObjContext then the First Entity will automatically be added to the ObjContext since relationships for the 2 Entities need to exist in the ObjContext. ========================================================= You cannot attach an EntityCollection to an entity through its navigation property for e.g. you cannot code myContact.Addresses = myAddressEntityCollection ========================================================== Cascade Deletes in EDM: The Designer does not support specifying cascase deletes for a Entity. To enable cascasde deletes on a Entity in EDM use the Association definition in CSDL for the Entity. for e.g. SalesOrderDetail (SOD) has a Foreign Key relationship with SalesOrderHeader (SalesOrderHeader 1 : SalesOrderDetail *) if you specify a cascade Delete on SalesOrderHeader Entity then calling deleteObject on SalesOrderHeader (SOH) Entity will send delete commands for SOH record and all the SOD records that reference the SOH record. ========================================================== As a good design practise, if you use Cascade Deletes insure that Cascade delete facet is used both in the EDM as well as in the database. Even though it is not absolutely mandatory to have Cascade deletes on both Database and EDM (since you can see that just the Cascade delete spec on the SOH Entity in EDM will insure that SOH record and all related SOD records will be deleted from the database ... even though you dont have cascade delete configured in the database in the SOD table) ============================================================== Maintaining relationships in Code When Setting a Navigation property of a Entity (for e.g. setting the Contact Navigation property of Address Entity) the following rules apply : If both objects are detached, no relationship object will be created. You are simply setting a property the CLR way. If both objects are attached, a relationship object will be created. If only one of the objects is attached, the other will become attached and a relationship object will be created. If that detached object is new, when it is attached to the context its EntityState will be Added. One important rule to remember regarding synchronizing the EntityReference.Value and EntityReference.EntityKey properties is that when attaching an Entity which has a EntityReference (e.g. Address Entity with ContactReference) the Value property will take precedence and if the Value and EntityKey are out of sync, the EntityKey will be updated to match the Value. ====================================================== If you call .Load() method on a detached Entity then the .Load() operation will throw an exception. There is one exception to this rule. If you load entities using MergeOption.NoTracking, you will be able to call .Load() on such entities since these Entities are accessible by the ObjectContext. So the bottomline is that we need Objectontext to be able to call .Load() method to do deffered loading on EntityReference or EntityCollection. Another rule to remember is that you cannot call .Load() on entities that have a EntityState.Added State since the ObjectContext uses the EntityKey of the Primary (Parent) Entity when loading the related (Child) Entity (and not the EntityKey of the child (even if the EntityKey of the child is present before calling .Load()) ====================================================== You can use ObjContext.Add() to add a entity to the ObjContext and set the EntityState of the new Entity to EntityState.Added. here no relationships are added/updated. You can also use EntityCollection.Add() method to add an entity to another entity's related EntityCollection for e.g. contact has a Addresses EntityCollection so to add a new address use contact.Addresses.Add(newAddress) to add a new address to the Addresses EntityCollection. Note that if the entity does not already exist in the ObjectContext then calling contact.Addresses.Add(myAddress) will cause a new Address Entity to be added to the ObjContext with EntityState.Added and it will also add a RelationshipEntry (a relationship object) with EntityState.Added which connects the Contact (contact) with the new address newAddress. Note that if the entity already exists in the Objectcontext (being part theOtherContact.Addresses Collection), then calling contact.Addresses.Add(existingAddress) will add 2 RelationshipEntry objects to the ObjectStateEntry Collection, one with EntityState.Deleted and the other with EntityState.Added. This implies that the existingAddress Entity is removed from the theOtherContact.Addresses Collection and Added to the contact.Addresses Collection..effectively reassigning the address entity from the theOtherContact to "contact". This is called moving an existing entity to a new object graph. ====================================================== You usually use ObjectContext.Attach() and EntityCollection.Attach() methods usually when you need to reconstruct the ObjectGraph after deserializing the objects as received from a ASMX Web Service Client. Attach is usually used to connect existing Entities in the ObjectContext. When EntityCollection.Attach() is called the EntityState of the RelationshipEntry (the relationship object) remains as EntityState.unchanged whereas when EntityCollection.Add() method is called the EntityState of the relationship object changes to EntityState.Added or EntityState.Deleted as the situation demands. ========================================================= LINQ To Entities Tips: Select Many does Inner Join by default.   for e.g. from c in Contact from a in c.Address select c ... this will do a Inner Join between the Contacts and Addresses Table and return only those Contacts that have a Address. ======================================================== Group Joins Do LEFT Join by default. e.g. from a in Address join c in Contact ON a.Contact.ContactID == c.ContactID Into g WHERE a.CountryRegion == "US" select g; This query will do a left join on the Contact table and return contacts that have a address in "US" region The following query : from c in Contact join a in Address.Where(a1 => a1.CountryRegion == "US") on c.ContactID  equals a.Contact.ContactID into addresses select new {c, addresses} will do a left join on the Address table and return All Contacts. In these Contacts only those will have its Address EntityCollection Populated which have a Address in the "US" region, the other contacts will have 0 Addresses in the Address collection (even if addresses for those contacts exist in the database but are in a different region) ======================================================== Linq to Entities does not support DefaultIfEmpty().... instead use .Include("Address") Query Builder method to do a Left JOIN or use Group Joins if you need more control like Filtering on the Address EntityCollection of Contact Entity =================================================================== Use CreateSourceQuery() on the EntityReference or EntityCollection if you need to add filters during deferred loading of Entities (Deferred loading in EFv1 happens when you call Load() method on the EntityReference or EntityCollection. for e.g. var cust=context.Contacts.OfType<Customer>().First(); var sq = cust.Reservations.CreateSourceQuery().Where(r => r.ReservationDate > new DateTime(2008,1,1)); cust.Reservations.Attach(sq); This populates only those reservations that are older than Jan 1 2008. This is the only way (in EFv1) to Attach a Range of Entities to a EntityCollection using the Attach() method ================================================================== If you need to get the Foreign Key value for a entity e.g. to get the ContactID value from a Address Entity use this :                                address.ContactReference.EntityKey.EntityKeyValues.Where(k=> k.Key == "ContactID")

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• Differences Between NHibernate and Entity Framework

  - by Ricardo Peres

  Introduction NHibernate and Entity Framework are two of the most popular O/RM frameworks on the .NET world. Although they share some functionality, there are some aspects on which they are quite different. This post will describe this differences and will hopefully help you get started with the one you know less. Mind you, this is a personal selection of features to compare, it is by no way an exhaustive list. History First, a bit of history. NHibernate is an open-source project that was first ported from Java’s venerable Hibernate framework, one of the first O/RM frameworks, but nowadays it is not tied to it, for example, it has .NET specific features, and has evolved in different ways from those of its Java counterpart. Current version is 3.3, with 3.4 on the horizon. It currently targets .NET 3.5, but can be used as well in .NET 4, it only makes no use of any of its specific functionality. You can find its home page at NHForge. Entity Framework 1 came out with .NET 3.5 and is now on its second major version, despite being version 4. Code First sits on top of it and but came separately and will also continue to be released out of line with major .NET distributions. It is currently on version 4.3.1 and version 5 will be released together with .NET Framework 4.5. All versions will target the current version of .NET, at the time of their release. Its home location is located at MSDN. Architecture In NHibernate, there is a separation between the Unit of Work and the configuration and model instances. You start off by creating a Configuration object, where you specify all global NHibernate settings such as the database and dialect to use, the batch sizes, the mappings, etc, then you build an ISessionFactory from it. The ISessionFactory holds model and metadata that is tied to a particular database and to the settings that came from the Configuration object, and, there will typically be only one instance of each in a process. Finally, you create instances of ISession from the ISessionFactory, which is the NHibernate representation of the Unit of Work and Identity Map. This is a lightweight object, it basically opens and closes a database connection as required and keeps track of the entities associated with it. ISession objects are cheap to create and dispose, because all of the model complexity is stored in the ISessionFactory and Configuration objects. As for Entity Framework, the ObjectContext/DbContext holds the configuration, model and acts as the Unit of Work, holding references to all of the known entity instances. This class is therefore not lightweight as its NHibernate counterpart and it is not uncommon to see examples where an instance is cached on a field. Mappings Both NHibernate and Entity Framework (Code First) support the use of POCOs to represent entities, no base classes are required (or even possible, in the case of NHibernate). As for mapping to and from the database, NHibernate supports three types of mappings: XML-based, which have the advantage of not tying the entity classes to a particular O/RM; the XML files can be deployed as files on the file system or as embedded resources in an assembly; Attribute-based, for keeping both the entities and database details on the same place at the expense of polluting the entity classes with NHibernate-specific attributes; Strongly-typed code-based, which allows dynamic creation of the model and strongly typing it, so that if, for example, a property name changes, the mapping will also be updated. Entity Framework can use: Attribute-based (although attributes cannot express all of the available possibilities – for example, cascading); Strongly-typed code mappings. Database Support With NHibernate you can use mostly any database you want, including: SQL Server; SQL Server Compact; SQL Server Azure; Oracle; DB2; PostgreSQL; MySQL; Sybase Adaptive Server/SQL Anywhere; Firebird; SQLLite; Informix; Any through OLE DB; Any through ODBC. Out of the box, Entity Framework only supports SQL Server, but a number of providers exist, both free and commercial, for some of the most used databases, such as Oracle and MySQL. See a list here. Inheritance Strategies Both NHibernate and Entity Framework support the three canonical inheritance strategies: Table Per Type Hierarchy (Single Table Inheritance), Table Per Type (Class Table Inheritance) and Table Per Concrete Type (Concrete Table Inheritance). Associations Regarding associations, both support one to one, one to many and many to many. However, NHibernate offers far more collection types: Bags of entities or values: unordered, possibly with duplicates; Lists of entities or values: ordered, indexed by a number column; Maps of entities or values: indexed by either an entity or any value; Sets of entities or values: unordered, no duplicates; Arrays of entities or values: indexed, immutable. Querying NHibernate exposes several querying APIs: LINQ is probably the most used nowadays, and really does not need to be introduced; Hibernate Query Language (HQL) is a database-agnostic, object-oriented SQL-alike language that exists since NHibernate’s creation and still offers the most advanced querying possibilities; well suited for dynamic queries, even if using string concatenation; Criteria API is an implementation of the Query Object pattern where you create a semi-abstract conceptual representation of the query you wish to execute by means of a class model; also a good choice for dynamic querying; Query Over offers a similar API to Criteria, but using strongly-typed LINQ expressions instead of strings; for this, although more refactor-friendlier that Criteria, it is also less suited for dynamic queries; SQL, including stored procedures, can also be used; Integration with Lucene.NET indexer is available. As for Entity Framework: LINQ to Entities is fully supported, and its implementation is considered very complete; it is the API of choice for most developers; Entity-SQL, HQL’s counterpart, is also an object-oriented, database-independent querying language that can be used for dynamic queries; SQL, of course, is also supported. Caching Both NHibernate and Entity Framework, of course, feature first-level cache. NHibernate also supports a second-level cache, that can be used among multiple ISessionFactorys, even in different processes/machines: Hashtable (in-memory); SysCache (uses ASP.NET as the cache provider); SysCache2 (same as above but with support for SQL Server SQL Dependencies); Prevalence; SharedCache; Memcached; Redis; NCache; Appfabric Caching. Out of the box, Entity Framework does not have any second-level cache mechanism, however, there are some public samples that show how we can add this. ID Generators NHibernate supports different ID generation strategies, coming from the database and otherwise: Identity (for SQL Server, MySQL, and databases who support identity columns); Sequence (for Oracle, PostgreSQL, and others who support sequences); Trigger-based; HiLo; Sequence HiLo (for databases that support sequences); Several GUID flavors, both in GUID as well as in string format; Increment (for single-user uses); Assigned (must know what you’re doing); Sequence-style (either uses an actual sequence or a single-column table); Table of ids; Pooled (similar to HiLo but stores high values in a table); Native (uses whatever mechanism the current database supports, identity or sequence). Entity Framework only supports: Identity generation; GUIDs; Assigned values. Properties NHibernate supports properties of entity types (one to one or many to one), collections (one to many or many to many) as well as scalars and enumerations. It offers a mechanism for having complex property types generated from the database, which even include support for querying. It also supports properties originated from SQL formulas. Entity Framework only supports scalars, entity types and collections. Enumerations support will come in the next version. Events and Interception NHibernate has a very rich event model, that exposes more than 20 events, either for synchronous pre-execution or asynchronous post-execution, including: Pre/Post-Load; Pre/Post-Delete; Pre/Post-Insert; Pre/Post-Update; Pre/Post-Flush. It also features interception of class instancing and SQL generation. As for Entity Framework, only two events exist: ObjectMaterialized (after loading an entity from the database); SavingChanges (before saving changes, which include deleting, inserting and updating). Tracking Changes For NHibernate as well as Entity Framework, all changes are tracked by their respective Unit of Work implementation. Entities can be attached and detached to it, Entity Framework does, however, also support self-tracking entities. Optimistic Concurrency Control NHibernate supports all of the imaginable scenarios: SQL Server’s ROWVERSION; Oracle’s ORA_ROWSCN; A column containing date and time; A column containing a version number; All/dirty columns comparison. Entity Framework is more focused on Entity Framework, so it only supports: SQL Server’s ROWVERSION; Comparing all/some columns. Batching NHibernate has full support for insertion batching, but only if the ID generator in use is not database-based (for example, it cannot be used with Identity), whereas Entity Framework has no batching at all. Cascading Both support cascading for collections and associations: when an entity is deleted, their conceptual children are also deleted. NHibernate also offers the possibility to set the foreign key column on children to NULL instead of removing them. Flushing Changes NHibernate’s ISession has a FlushMode property that can have the following values: Auto: changes are sent to the database when necessary, for example, if there are dirty instances of an entity type, and a query is performed against this entity type, or if the ISession is being disposed; Commit: changes are sent when committing the current transaction; Never: changes are only sent when explicitly calling Flush(). As for Entity Framework, changes have to be explicitly sent through a call to AcceptAllChanges()/SaveChanges(). Lazy Loading NHibernate supports lazy loading for Associated entities (one to one, many to one); Collections (one to many, many to many); Scalar properties (thing of BLOBs or CLOBs). Entity Framework only supports lazy loading for: Associated entities; Collections. Generating and Updating the Database Both NHibernate and Entity Framework Code First (with the Migrations API) allow creating the database model from the mapping and updating it if the mapping changes. Extensibility As you can guess, NHibernate is far more extensible than Entity Framework. Basically, everything can be extended, from ID generation, to LINQ to SQL transformation, HQL native SQL support, custom column types, custom association collections, SQL generation, supported databases, etc. With Entity Framework your options are more limited, at least, because practically no information exists as to what can be extended/changed. It features a provider model that can be extended to support any database. Integration With Other Microsoft APIs and Tools When it comes to integration with Microsoft technologies, it will come as no surprise that Entity Framework offers the best support. For example, the following technologies are fully supported: ASP.NET (through the EntityDataSource); ASP.NET Dynamic Data; WCF Data Services; WCF RIA Services; Visual Studio (through the integrated designer). Documentation This is another point where Entity Framework is superior: NHibernate lacks, for starters, an up to date API reference synchronized with its current version. It does have a community mailing list, blogs and wikis, although not much used. Entity Framework has a number of resources on MSDN and, of course, several forums and discussion groups exist. Conclusion Like I said, this is a personal list. I may come as a surprise to some that Entity Framework is so behind NHibernate in so many aspects, but it is true that NHibernate is much older and, due to its open-source nature, is not tied to product-specific timeframes and can thus evolve much more rapidly. I do like both, and I chose whichever is best for the job I have at hands. I am looking forward to the changes in EF5 which will add significant value to an already interesting product. So, what do you think? Did I forget anything important or is there anything else worth talking about? Looking forward for your comments!

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• GRUB doesn't recognize partitions on one harddisk

  - by knizz

  I have a dualboot computer with Windows Vista (on hd0) and Ubuntu 9.10. The bootloader is GRUB and the windows bootloader lets me decide between Vista and Ubuntu-Installation (broken WuBi). But now (i don't know why that changed) I can't use start the windows-bootloader anymore. I tried "ls" on the grub-prompt and it gave me a list like: (hd0) (hd1) (hd1,0) (hd1,1) (hd1,2) ... (fd0) It recognizes all partitions of hd1 (the ubuntu-harddisk) but not of hd0(the win-disk). .. WHY? Here is the result of the "boot info script" for the technical details: Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks for (UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f)/boot/grub. => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows Vista Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe /wubildr.mbr /wubildr sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unbekannter Dateisystemtyp „“ sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Bios Boot Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 9.10 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Platte /dev/sda: 640.1 GByte, 640135028736 Byte 255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 77825 Zylinder, zusammen 1250263728 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Disk identifier: 0x52554d66 Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 307,202,047 307,200,000 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 307,202,048 1,250,258,943 943,056,896 7 HPFS/NTFS Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Platte /dev/sdb: 640.1 GByte, 640135028736 Byte 255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 77825 Zylinder, zusammen 1250263728 Sektoren Einheiten = Sektoren von 1 × 512 = 512 Bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1,250,263,727 1,250,263,727 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start End Size System /dev/sdb1 34 262,177 262,144 Microsoft Windows /dev/sdb2 262,178 1,131,253,933 1,130,991,756 Linux or Data /dev/sdb3 1,131,253,934 1,131,255,887 1,954 Bios Boot Partition /dev/sdb4 1,131,255,888 1,245,312,528 114,056,641 Linux or Data /dev/sdb5 1,245,312,529 1,250,263,694 4,951,166 Linux Swap blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 AE1440441440122F ntfs /dev/sda2 3AE66E4DE66E0A09 ntfs data /dev/sdb2 5419D16119DAA4DE ntfs LaufwerkD /dev/sdb4 a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ext4 /dev/sdb5 60a0143a-e01b-450a-bbd1-f22059e47b65 swap ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sdb4 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) =========================== sdb4/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s /boot/grub/grubenv ]; then have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/white ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-20-generic" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi set quiet=1 insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-20-generic (recovery mode)" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi set quiet=1 insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)" { recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi insmod ext2 set root=(hd1,4) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows Vista (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set ae1440441440122f chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### =============================== sdb4/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb4 during installation UUID=a7c510e3-2399-437b-ab92-fa609e48d63f / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=60a0143a-e01b-450a-bbd1-f22059e47b65 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 =================== sdb4: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 583.8GB: boot/grub/core.img 583.8GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 579.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic 580.0GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-20-generic 579.7GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic 579.8GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-20-generic 580.0GB: initrd.img 579.7GB: initrd.img.old 579.8GB: vmlinuz 579.7GB: vmlinuz.old =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on sdb1 00000000 54 34 dc 3b 8b ff 6c fa 3e 59 3d 24 25 af 5f 9b |T4.;..l.>Y=$%._.| 00000010 72 f8 36 3d 56 30 22 fd c6 08 5e 39 7f dc 29 48 |r.6=V0"...^9..)H| 00000020 48 e5 24 52 77 b0 fc 64 b6 ce 48 c3 07 ce b5 81 |H.$Rw..d..H.....| 00000030 06 68 60 4f 6e fb 83 92 df 3a 54 b9 df 21 2a cd |.h`On....:T..!*.| 00000040 1e 2f e2 49 fe cf 81 2d 52 17 1a 4e 66 b4 f3 f0 |./.I...-R..Nf...| 00000050 41 25 e3 96 26 28 fe 19 61 72 75 f8 40 a3 b7 ef |A%..&(..aru.@...| 00000060 5f 79 dc cb 28 44 44 7c 9b 9a 7b 6c 4b 4b 60 0f |_y..(DD|..{lKK`.| 00000070 a9 97 87 bc 85 9f db bb d2 1a 88 9f aa 49 18 d5 |.............I..| 00000080 92 2d db 7e fe f7 8d 7a 18 c0 33 c5 bd 7a 46 07 |.-.~...z..3..zF.| 00000090 c8 27 13 66 94 49 62 9f bc 99 56 55 25 fb 94 a9 |.'.f.Ib...VU%...| 000000a0 3f b2 a7 0a 87 d0 a4 4e 51 f1 09 02 c4 29 eb ff |?......NQ....)..| 000000b0 26 3b 51 3e 5a 0c db ee a6 57 a7 c3 ba a1 74 90 |&;Q>Z....W....t.| 000000c0 ee 70 08 18 cc b8 d0 22 ce 96 c7 cb 68 40 98 20 |.p....."....h@. | 000000d0 49 3d 07 ec df d1 8d cf 19 bc 42 90 70 24 01 b4 |I=........B.p$..| 000000e0 28 cf c6 50 d3 95 5a 1b 18 15 33 c7 b2 a8 95 92 |(..P..Z...3.....| 000000f0 bb 93 fe 18 2b 81 c1 6b 9c 30 f1 65 50 6a 80 3d |....+..k.0.ePj.=| 00000100 74 37 a8 59 a6 51 8a 63 b6 d8 16 9f a9 47 2a 7c |t7.Y.Q.c.....G*|| 00000110 04 a7 fe 69 47 02 bf e9 b7 1b 7a ea 60 5c 3c 53 |...iG.....z.`\<S| 00000120 5b 10 78 dc 4d d2 a8 22 30 45 37 fb 56 06 9f 06 |[.x.M.."0E7.V...| 00000130 aa df cf 87 3a 3e cf 72 f2 e5 a6 c6 aa e2 7c 1c |....:>.r......|.| 00000140 64 c2 fc 80 ce 02 fc 7f 0f c6 60 81 bf cd 3b 5a |d.........`...;Z| 00000150 37 a5 38 1b 0c 1b 39 2e d6 f6 3d a2 36 e5 87 c3 |7.8...9...=.6...| 00000160 17 b5 fd ee 33 c7 ce a3 d9 c2 57 dc ee 85 48 9d |....3.....W...H.| 00000170 33 60 02 cd c5 83 44 44 ea b6 07 25 0a 4b a6 6e |3`....DD...%.K.n| 00000180 fc 51 42 cd 84 0b 65 b6 19 a1 e5 b2 eb 14 0c fa |.QB...e.........| 00000190 24 77 f5 44 6e 5d 39 dd b6 8e cc f8 30 fe 21 46 |$w.Dn]9.....0.!F| 000001a0 9c ff 95 c6 c7 b5 0a df 54 ca d2 ac bc 64 d0 97 |........T....d..| 000001b0 94 54 d9 29 0f 91 60 20 c3 e4 53 c2 b0 e4 40 72 |.T.)..` ..S...@r| 000001c0 7e 25 bc 81 06 ad 05 46 14 a7 e6 71 6b 5c db 9c |~%.....F...qk\..| 000001d0 0a 5e 76 23 ae 06 01 36 98 21 65 2c 90 e7 4b 1a |.^v#...6.!e,..K.| 000001e0 2a 2d 80 a5 48 db 9e 14 e0 9f e9 aa 00 e3 77 32 |*-..H.........w2| 000001f0 0f fd 94 db 55 a6 64 46 be ae ca de da ee 89 68 |....U.dF.......h| 00000200 =======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive============== sdc sdd sde

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• E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) seems to be choking on kde-runtime-data version issue

  - by BMT

  12.04 LTS, on a dell mini 10. Install stable until about a week ago. Updated about 1x a week, sometimes more often. Several days ago, I booted up and the system was no longer working correctly. All these symptoms occurred simultaneously: Cannot run (exit on opening, every time): Update manager, software center, ubuntuOne, libreOffice. Vinagre autostarts on boot, no explanation, not set to startup with Ubuntu. Using apt-get to fix install results in the following: maura@pandora:~$ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: libtelepathy-farstream2 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: gwibber gwibber-service kde-runtime-data software-center Suggested packages: gwibber-service-flickr gwibber-service-digg gwibber-service-statusnet gwibber-service-foursquare gwibber-service-friendfeed gwibber-service-pingfm gwibber-service-qaiku unity-lens-gwibber The following packages will be upgraded: gwibber gwibber-service kde-runtime-data software-center 4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 39 not upgraded. 20 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/5,682 kB of archives. After this operation, 177 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? debconf: Perl may be unconfigured (Can't locate Scalar/Util.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/perl/5.14.2 /usr/local/share/perl/5.14.2 /usr/lib/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/perl/5.14 /usr/share/perl/5.14 /usr/local/lib/site_perl .) at /usr/lib/perl/5.14/Hash/Util.pm line 9. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/lib/perl/5.14/Hash/Util.pm line 9. Compilation failed in require at /usr/share/perl/5.14/fields.pm line 122. Compilation failed in require at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/Log.pm line 10. Compilation failed in require at (eval 1) line 4. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at (eval 1) line 4. ) -- aborting (Reading database ... 242672 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace gwibber 3.4.1-0ubuntu1 (using .../gwibber_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb) ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/gwibber_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace gwibber-service 3.4.1-0ubuntu1 (using .../gwibber-service_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_all.deb) ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/gwibber-service_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace kde-runtime-data 4:4.8.3-0ubuntu0.1 (using .../kde-runtime-data_4%3a4.8.4-0ubuntu0.1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement kde-runtime-data ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/kde-runtime-data_4%3a4.8.4-0ubuntu0.1_all.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/usr/share/sounds', which is also in package sound-theme-freedesktop 0.7.pristine-2 dpkg-deb (subprocess): subprocess data was killed by signal (Broken pipe) dpkg-deb: error: subprocess <decompress> returned error exit status 2 Preparing to replace python-crypto 2.4.1-1 (using .../python-crypto_2.4.1-1_i386.deb) ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/python-crypto_2.4.1-1_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace software-center 5.2.2.2 (using .../software-center_5.2.4_all.deb) ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/software-center_5.2.4_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace xdiagnose 2.5 (using .../archives/xdiagnose_2.5_all.deb) ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 25, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/xdiagnose_2.5_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix> Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging Error in sys.excepthook: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 64, in apport_excepthook from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 1, in <module> from apport.report import Report File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 16, in <module> from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError File "/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module> from pyexpat import * ImportError: No module named pyexpat Original exception was: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import logging ImportError: No module named logging dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/gwibber_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/gwibber-service_3.4.2-0ubuntu1_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/kde-runtime-data_4%3a4.8.4-0ubuntu0.1_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/python-crypto_2.4.1-1_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/software-center_5.2.4_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/xdiagnose_2.5_all.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) maura@pandora:~$ ^C maura@pandora:~$

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• Advanced TSQL Tuning: Why Internals Knowledge Matters

  - by Paul White

  There is much more to query tuning than reducing logical reads and adding covering nonclustered indexes.  Query tuning is not complete as soon as the query returns results quickly in the development or test environments.  In production, your query will compete for memory, CPU, locks, I/O and other resources on the server.  Today’s entry looks at some tuning considerations that are often overlooked, and shows how deep internals knowledge can help you write better TSQL. As always, we’ll need some example data.  In fact, we are going to use three tables today, each of which is structured like this: Each table has 50,000 rows made up of an INTEGER id column and a padding column containing 3,999 characters in every row.  The only difference between the three tables is in the type of the padding column: the first table uses CHAR(3999), the second uses VARCHAR(MAX), and the third uses the deprecated TEXT type.  A script to create a database with the three tables and load the sample data follows: USE master; GO IF DB_ID('SortTest') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE SortTest; GO CREATE DATABASE SortTest COLLATE LATIN1_GENERAL_BIN; GO ALTER DATABASE SortTest MODIFY FILE ( NAME = 'SortTest', SIZE = 3GB, MAXSIZE = 3GB ); GO ALTER DATABASE SortTest MODIFY FILE ( NAME = 'SortTest_log', SIZE = 256MB, MAXSIZE = 1GB, FILEGROWTH = 128MB ); GO ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION OFF ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS ON ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET AUTO_SHRINK OFF ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS ON ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS_ASYNC ON ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET PARAMETERIZATION SIMPLE ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT OFF ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET MULTI_USER ; ALTER DATABASE SortTest SET RECOVERY SIMPLE ; USE SortTest; GO CREATE TABLE dbo.TestCHAR ( id INTEGER IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL, padding CHAR(3999) NOT NULL,   CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.TestCHAR (id)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (id), ) ; CREATE TABLE dbo.TestMAX ( id INTEGER IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL, padding VARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,   CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.TestMAX (id)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (id), ) ; CREATE TABLE dbo.TestTEXT ( id INTEGER IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL, padding TEXT NOT NULL,   CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.TestTEXT (id)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (id), ) ; -- ============= -- Load TestCHAR (about 3s) -- ============= INSERT INTO dbo.TestCHAR WITH (TABLOCKX) ( padding ) SELECT padding = REPLICATE(CHAR(65 + (Data.n % 26)), 3999) FROM ( SELECT TOP (50000) n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 0)) - 1 FROM master.sys.columns C1, master.sys.columns C2, master.sys.columns C3 ORDER BY n ASC ) AS Data ORDER BY Data.n ASC ; -- ============ -- Load TestMAX (about 3s) -- ============ INSERT INTO dbo.TestMAX WITH (TABLOCKX) ( padding ) SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), padding) FROM dbo.TestCHAR ORDER BY id ; -- ============= -- Load TestTEXT (about 5s) -- ============= INSERT INTO dbo.TestTEXT WITH (TABLOCKX) ( padding ) SELECT CONVERT(TEXT, padding) FROM dbo.TestCHAR ORDER BY id ; -- ========== -- Space used -- ========== -- EXECUTE sys.sp_spaceused @objname = 'dbo.TestCHAR'; EXECUTE sys.sp_spaceused @objname = 'dbo.TestMAX'; EXECUTE sys.sp_spaceused @objname = 'dbo.TestTEXT'; ; CHECKPOINT ; That takes around 15 seconds to run, and shows the space allocated to each table in its output: To illustrate the points I want to make today, the example task we are going to set ourselves is to return a random set of 150 rows from each table.  The basic shape of the test query is the same for each of the three test tables: SELECT TOP (150) T.id, T.padding FROM dbo.Test AS T ORDER BY NEWID() OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; Test 1 – CHAR(3999) Running the template query shown above using the TestCHAR table as the target, we find that the query takes around 5 seconds to return its results.  This seems slow, considering that the table only has 50,000 rows.  Working on the assumption that generating a GUID for each row is a CPU-intensive operation, we might try enabling parallelism to see if that speeds up the response time.  Running the query again (but without the MAXDOP 1 hint) on a machine with eight logical processors, the query now takes 10 seconds to execute – twice as long as when run serially. Rather than attempting further guesses at the cause of the slowness, let’s go back to serial execution and add some monitoring.  The script below monitors STATISTICS IO output and the amount of tempdb used by the test query.  We will also run a Profiler trace to capture any warnings generated during query execution. DECLARE @read BIGINT, @write BIGINT ; SELECT @read = SUM(num_of_bytes_read), @write = SUM(num_of_bytes_written) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; SET STATISTICS IO ON ; SELECT TOP (150) TC.id, TC.padding FROM dbo.TestCHAR AS TC ORDER BY NEWID() OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; SET STATISTICS IO OFF ; SELECT tempdb_read_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_read) - @read) / 1024. / 1024., tempdb_write_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_written) - @write) / 1024. / 1024., internal_use_MB = ( SELECT internal_objects_alloc_page_count / 128.0 FROM sys.dm_db_task_space_usage WHERE session_id = @@SPID ) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; Let’s take a closer look at the statistics and query plan generated from this: Following the flow of the data from right to left, we see the expected 50,000 rows emerging from the Clustered Index Scan, with a total estimated size of around 191MB.  The Compute Scalar adds a column containing a random GUID (generated from the NEWID() function call) for each row.  With this extra column in place, the size of the data arriving at the Sort operator is estimated to be 192MB. Sort is a blocking operator – it has to examine all of the rows on its input before it can produce its first row of output (the last row received might sort first).  This characteristic means that Sort requires a memory grant – memory allocated for the query’s use by SQL Server just before execution starts.  In this case, the Sort is the only memory-consuming operator in the plan, so it has access to the full 243MB (248,696KB) of memory reserved by SQL Server for this query execution. Notice that the memory grant is significantly larger than the expected size of the data to be sorted.  SQL Server uses a number of techniques to speed up sorting, some of which sacrifice size for comparison speed.  Sorts typically require a very large number of comparisons, so this is usually a very effective optimization.  One of the drawbacks is that it is not possible to exactly predict the sort space needed, as it depends on the data itself.  SQL Server takes an educated guess based on data types, sizes, and the number of rows expected, but the algorithm is not perfect. In spite of the large memory grant, the Profiler trace shows a Sort Warning event (indicating that the sort ran out of memory), and the tempdb usage monitor shows that 195MB of tempdb space was used – all of that for system use.  The 195MB represents physical write activity on tempdb, because SQL Server strictly enforces memory grants – a query cannot ‘cheat’ and effectively gain extra memory by spilling to tempdb pages that reside in memory.  Anyway, the key point here is that it takes a while to write 195MB to disk, and this is the main reason that the query takes 5 seconds overall. If you are wondering why using parallelism made the problem worse, consider that eight threads of execution result in eight concurrent partial sorts, each receiving one eighth of the memory grant.  The eight sorts all spilled to tempdb, resulting in inefficiencies as the spilled sorts competed for disk resources.  More importantly, there are specific problems at the point where the eight partial results are combined, but I’ll cover that in a future post. CHAR(3999) Performance Summary: 5 seconds elapsed time 243MB memory grant 195MB tempdb usage 192MB estimated sort set 25,043 logical reads Sort Warning Test 2 – VARCHAR(MAX) We’ll now run exactly the same test (with the additional monitoring) on the table using a VARCHAR(MAX) padding column: DECLARE @read BIGINT, @write BIGINT ; SELECT @read = SUM(num_of_bytes_read), @write = SUM(num_of_bytes_written) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; SET STATISTICS IO ON ; SELECT TOP (150) TM.id, TM.padding FROM dbo.TestMAX AS TM ORDER BY NEWID() OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; SET STATISTICS IO OFF ; SELECT tempdb_read_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_read) - @read) / 1024. / 1024., tempdb_write_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_written) - @write) / 1024. / 1024., internal_use_MB = ( SELECT internal_objects_alloc_page_count / 128.0 FROM sys.dm_db_task_space_usage WHERE session_id = @@SPID ) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; This time the query takes around 8 seconds to complete (3 seconds longer than Test 1).  Notice that the estimated row and data sizes are very slightly larger, and the overall memory grant has also increased very slightly to 245MB.  The most marked difference is in the amount of tempdb space used – this query wrote almost 391MB of sort run data to the physical tempdb file.  Don’t draw any general conclusions about VARCHAR(MAX) versus CHAR from this – I chose the length of the data specifically to expose this edge case.  In most cases, VARCHAR(MAX) performs very similarly to CHAR – I just wanted to make test 2 a bit more exciting. MAX Performance Summary: 8 seconds elapsed time 245MB memory grant 391MB tempdb usage 193MB estimated sort set 25,043 logical reads Sort warning Test 3 – TEXT The same test again, but using the deprecated TEXT data type for the padding column: DECLARE @read BIGINT, @write BIGINT ; SELECT @read = SUM(num_of_bytes_read), @write = SUM(num_of_bytes_written) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; SET STATISTICS IO ON ; SELECT TOP (150) TT.id, TT.padding FROM dbo.TestTEXT AS TT ORDER BY NEWID() OPTION (MAXDOP 1, RECOMPILE) ; SET STATISTICS IO OFF ; SELECT tempdb_read_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_read) - @read) / 1024. / 1024., tempdb_write_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_written) - @write) / 1024. / 1024., internal_use_MB = ( SELECT internal_objects_alloc_page_count / 128.0 FROM sys.dm_db_task_space_usage WHERE session_id = @@SPID ) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; This time the query runs in 500ms.  If you look at the metrics we have been checking so far, it’s not hard to understand why: TEXT Performance Summary: 0.5 seconds elapsed time 9MB memory grant 5MB tempdb usage 5MB estimated sort set 207 logical reads 596 LOB logical reads Sort warning SQL Server’s memory grant algorithm still underestimates the memory needed to perform the sorting operation, but the size of the data to sort is so much smaller (5MB versus 193MB previously) that the spilled sort doesn’t matter very much.  Why is the data size so much smaller?  The query still produces the correct results – including the large amount of data held in the padding column – so what magic is being performed here? TEXT versus MAX Storage The answer lies in how columns of the TEXT data type are stored.  By default, TEXT data is stored off-row in separate LOB pages – which explains why this is the first query we have seen that records LOB logical reads in its STATISTICS IO output.  You may recall from my last post that LOB data leaves an in-row pointer to the separate storage structure holding the LOB data. SQL Server can see that the full LOB value is not required by the query plan until results are returned, so instead of passing the full LOB value down the plan from the Clustered Index Scan, it passes the small in-row structure instead.  SQL Server estimates that each row coming from the scan will be 79 bytes long – 11 bytes for row overhead, 4 bytes for the integer id column, and 64 bytes for the LOB pointer (in fact the pointer is rather smaller – usually 16 bytes – but the details of that don’t really matter right now). OK, so this query is much more efficient because it is sorting a very much smaller data set – SQL Server delays retrieving the LOB data itself until after the Sort starts producing its 150 rows.  The question that normally arises at this point is: Why doesn’t SQL Server use the same trick when the padding column is defined as VARCHAR(MAX)? The answer is connected with the fact that if the actual size of the VARCHAR(MAX) data is 8000 bytes or less, it is usually stored in-row in exactly the same way as for a VARCHAR(8000) column – MAX data only moves off-row into LOB storage when it exceeds 8000 bytes.  The default behaviour of the TEXT type is to be stored off-row by default, unless the ‘text in row’ table option is set suitably and there is room on the page.  There is an analogous (but opposite) setting to control the storage of MAX data – the ‘large value types out of row’ table option.  By enabling this option for a table, MAX data will be stored off-row (in a LOB structure) instead of in-row.  SQL Server Books Online has good coverage of both options in the topic In Row Data. The MAXOOR Table The essential difference, then, is that MAX defaults to in-row storage, and TEXT defaults to off-row (LOB) storage.  You might be thinking that we could get the same benefits seen for the TEXT data type by storing the VARCHAR(MAX) values off row – so let’s look at that option now.  This script creates a fourth table, with the VARCHAR(MAX) data stored off-row in LOB pages: CREATE TABLE dbo.TestMAXOOR ( id INTEGER IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL, padding VARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL,   CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.TestMAXOOR (id)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (id), ) ; EXECUTE sys.sp_tableoption @TableNamePattern = N'dbo.TestMAXOOR', @OptionName = 'large value types out of row', @OptionValue = 'true' ; SELECT large_value_types_out_of_row FROM sys.tables WHERE [schema_id] = SCHEMA_ID(N'dbo') AND name = N'TestMAXOOR' ; INSERT INTO dbo.TestMAXOOR WITH (TABLOCKX) ( padding ) SELECT SPACE(0) FROM dbo.TestCHAR ORDER BY id ; UPDATE TM WITH (TABLOCK) SET padding.WRITE (TC.padding, NULL, NULL) FROM dbo.TestMAXOOR AS TM JOIN dbo.TestCHAR AS TC ON TC.id = TM.id ; EXECUTE sys.sp_spaceused @objname = 'dbo.TestMAXOOR' ; CHECKPOINT ; Test 4 – MAXOOR We can now re-run our test on the MAXOOR (MAX out of row) table: DECLARE @read BIGINT, @write BIGINT ; SELECT @read = SUM(num_of_bytes_read), @write = SUM(num_of_bytes_written) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; SET STATISTICS IO ON ; SELECT TOP (150) MO.id, MO.padding FROM dbo.TestMAXOOR AS MO ORDER BY NEWID() OPTION (MAXDOP 1, RECOMPILE) ; SET STATISTICS IO OFF ; SELECT tempdb_read_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_read) - @read) / 1024. / 1024., tempdb_write_MB = (SUM(num_of_bytes_written) - @write) / 1024. / 1024., internal_use_MB = ( SELECT internal_objects_alloc_page_count / 128.0 FROM sys.dm_db_task_space_usage WHERE session_id = @@SPID ) FROM tempdb.sys.database_files AS DBF JOIN sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(2, NULL) AS FS ON FS.file_id = DBF.file_id WHERE DBF.type_desc = 'ROWS' ; TEXT Performance Summary: 0.3 seconds elapsed time 245MB memory grant 0MB tempdb usage 193MB estimated sort set 207 logical reads 446 LOB logical reads No sort warning The query runs very quickly – slightly faster than Test 3, and without spilling the sort to tempdb (there is no sort warning in the trace, and the monitoring query shows zero tempdb usage by this query).  SQL Server is passing the in-row pointer structure down the plan and only looking up the LOB value on the output side of the sort. The Hidden Problem There is still a huge problem with this query though – it requires a 245MB memory grant.  No wonder the sort doesn’t spill to tempdb now – 245MB is about 20 times more memory than this query actually requires to sort 50,000 records containing LOB data pointers.  Notice that the estimated row and data sizes in the plan are the same as in test 2 (where the MAX data was stored in-row). The optimizer assumes that MAX data is stored in-row, regardless of the sp_tableoption setting ‘large value types out of row’.  Why?  Because this option is dynamic – changing it does not immediately force all MAX data in the table in-row or off-row, only when data is added or actually changed.  SQL Server does not keep statistics to show how much MAX or TEXT data is currently in-row, and how much is stored in LOB pages.  This is an annoying limitation, and one which I hope will be addressed in a future version of the product. So why should we worry about this?  Excessive memory grants reduce concurrency and may result in queries waiting on the RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE wait type while they wait for memory they do not need.  245MB is an awful lot of memory, especially on 32-bit versions where memory grants cannot use AWE-mapped memory.  Even on a 64-bit server with plenty of memory, do you really want a single query to consume 0.25GB of memory unnecessarily?  That’s 32,000 8KB pages that might be put to much better use. The Solution The answer is not to use the TEXT data type for the padding column.  That solution happens to have better performance characteristics for this specific query, but it still results in a spilled sort, and it is hard to recommend the use of a data type which is scheduled for removal.  I hope it is clear to you that the fundamental problem here is that SQL Server sorts the whole set arriving at a Sort operator.  Clearly, it is not efficient to sort the whole table in memory just to return 150 rows in a random order. The TEXT example was more efficient because it dramatically reduced the size of the set that needed to be sorted.  We can do the same thing by selecting 150 unique keys from the table at random (sorting by NEWID() for example) and only then retrieving the large padding column values for just the 150 rows we need.  The following script implements that idea for all four tables: SET STATISTICS IO ON ; WITH TestTable AS ( SELECT * FROM dbo.TestCHAR ), TopKeys AS ( SELECT TOP (150) id FROM TestTable ORDER BY NEWID() ) SELECT T1.id, T1.padding FROM TestTable AS T1 WHERE T1.id = ANY (SELECT id FROM TopKeys) OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; WITH TestTable AS ( SELECT * FROM dbo.TestMAX ), TopKeys AS ( SELECT TOP (150) id FROM TestTable ORDER BY NEWID() ) SELECT T1.id, T1.padding FROM TestTable AS T1 WHERE T1.id IN (SELECT id FROM TopKeys) OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; WITH TestTable AS ( SELECT * FROM dbo.TestTEXT ), TopKeys AS ( SELECT TOP (150) id FROM TestTable ORDER BY NEWID() ) SELECT T1.id, T1.padding FROM TestTable AS T1 WHERE T1.id IN (SELECT id FROM TopKeys) OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; WITH TestTable AS ( SELECT * FROM dbo.TestMAXOOR ), TopKeys AS ( SELECT TOP (150) id FROM TestTable ORDER BY NEWID() ) SELECT T1.id, T1.padding FROM TestTable AS T1 WHERE T1.id IN (SELECT id FROM TopKeys) OPTION (MAXDOP 1) ; SET STATISTICS IO OFF ; All four queries now return results in much less than a second, with memory grants between 6 and 12MB, and without spilling to tempdb.  The small remaining inefficiency is in reading the id column values from the clustered primary key index.  As a clustered index, it contains all the in-row data at its leaf.  The CHAR and VARCHAR(MAX) tables store the padding column in-row, so id values are separated by a 3999-character column, plus row overhead.  The TEXT and MAXOOR tables store the padding values off-row, so id values in the clustered index leaf are separated by the much-smaller off-row pointer structure.  This difference is reflected in the number of logical page reads performed by the four queries: Table 'TestCHAR' logical reads 25511 lob logical reads 000 Table 'TestMAX'. logical reads 25511 lob logical reads 000 Table 'TestTEXT' logical reads 00412 lob logical reads 597 Table 'TestMAXOOR' logical reads 00413 lob logical reads 446 We can increase the density of the id values by creating a separate nonclustered index on the id column only.  This is the same key as the clustered index, of course, but the nonclustered index will not include the rest of the in-row column data. CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uq1 ON dbo.TestCHAR (id); CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uq1 ON dbo.TestMAX (id); CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uq1 ON dbo.TestTEXT (id); CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uq1 ON dbo.TestMAXOOR (id); The four queries can now use the very dense nonclustered index to quickly scan the id values, sort them by NEWID(), select the 150 ids we want, and then look up the padding data.  The logical reads with the new indexes in place are: Table 'TestCHAR' logical reads 835 lob logical reads 0 Table 'TestMAX' logical reads 835 lob logical reads 0 Table 'TestTEXT' logical reads 686 lob logical reads 597 Table 'TestMAXOOR' logical reads 686 lob logical reads 448 With the new index, all four queries use the same query plan (click to enlarge): Performance Summary: 0.3 seconds elapsed time 6MB memory grant 0MB tempdb usage 1MB sort set 835 logical reads (CHAR, MAX) 686 logical reads (TEXT, MAXOOR) 597 LOB logical reads (TEXT) 448 LOB logical reads (MAXOOR) No sort warning I’ll leave it as an exercise for the reader to work out why trying to eliminate the Key Lookup by adding the padding column to the new nonclustered indexes would be a daft idea Conclusion This post is not about tuning queries that access columns containing big strings.  It isn’t about the internal differences between TEXT and MAX data types either.  It isn’t even about the cool use of UPDATE .WRITE used in the MAXOOR table load.  No, this post is about something else: Many developers might not have tuned our starting example query at all – 5 seconds isn’t that bad, and the original query plan looks reasonable at first glance.  Perhaps the NEWID() function would have been blamed for ‘just being slow’ – who knows.  5 seconds isn’t awful – unless your users expect sub-second responses – but using 250MB of memory and writing 200MB to tempdb certainly is!  If ten sessions ran that query at the same time in production that’s 2.5GB of memory usage and 2GB hitting tempdb.  Of course, not all queries can be rewritten to avoid large memory grants and sort spills using the key-lookup technique in this post, but that’s not the point either. The point of this post is that a basic understanding of execution plans is not enough.  Tuning for logical reads and adding covering indexes is not enough.  If you want to produce high-quality, scalable TSQL that won’t get you paged as soon as it hits production, you need a deep understanding of execution plans, and as much accurate, deep knowledge about SQL Server as you can lay your hands on.  The advanced database developer has a wide range of tools to use in writing queries that perform well in a range of circumstances. By the way, the examples in this post were written for SQL Server 2008.  They will run on 2005 and demonstrate the same principles, but you won’t get the same figures I did because 2005 had a rather nasty bug in the Top N Sort operator.  Fair warning: if you do decide to run the scripts on a 2005 instance (particularly the parallel query) do it before you head out for lunch… This post is dedicated to the people of Christchurch, New Zealand. © 2011 Paul White email: @[email protected] twitter: @SQL_Kiwi

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• Using Stub Objects

  - by user9154181

  Having told the long and winding tale of where stub objects came from and how we use them to build Solaris, I'd like to focus now on the the nuts and bolts of building and using them. The following new features were added to the Solaris link-editor (ld) to support the production and use of stub objects: -z stub This new command line option informs ld that it is to build a stub object rather than a normal object. In this mode, it accepts the same command line arguments as usual, but will quietly ignore any objects and sharable object dependencies. STUB_OBJECT Mapfile Directive In order to build a stub version of an object, its mapfile must specify the STUB_OBJECT directive. When producing a non-stub object, the presence of STUB_OBJECT causes the link-editor to perform extra validation to ensure that the stub and non-stub objects will be compatible. ASSERT Mapfile Directive All data symbols exported from the object must have an ASSERT symbol directive in the mapfile that declares them as data and supplies the size, binding, bss attributes, and symbol aliasing details. When building the stub objects, the information in these ASSERT directives is used to create the data symbols. When building the real object, these ASSERT directives will ensure that the real object matches the linking interface presented by the stub. Although ASSERT was added to the link-editor in order to support stub objects, they are a general purpose feature that can be used independently of stub objects. For instance you might choose to use an ASSERT directive if you have a symbol that must have a specific address in order for the object to operate properly and you want to automatically ensure that this will always be the case. The material presented here is derived from a document I originally wrote during the development effort, which had the dual goals of providing supplemental materials for the stub object PSARC case, and as a set of edits that were eventually applied to the Oracle Solaris Linker and Libraries Manual (LLM). The Solaris 11 LLM contains this information in a more polished form. Stub Objects A stub object is a shared object, built entirely from mapfiles, that supplies the same linking interface as the real object, while containing no code or data. Stub objects cannot be used at runtime. However, an application can be built against a stub object, where the stub object provides the real object name to be used at runtime, and then use the real object at runtime. When building a stub object, the link-editor ignores any object or library files specified on the command line, and these files need not exist in order to build a stub. Since the compilation step can be omitted, and because the link-editor has relatively little work to do, stub objects can be built very quickly. Stub objects can be used to solve a variety of build problems: Speed Modern machines, using a version of make with the ability to parallelize operations, are capable of compiling and linking many objects simultaneously, and doing so offers significant speedups. However, it is typical that a given object will depend on other objects, and that there will be a core set of objects that nearly everything else depends on. It is necessary to impose an ordering that builds each object before any other object that requires it. This ordering creates bottlenecks that reduce the amount of parallelization that is possible and limits the overall speed at which the code can be built. Complexity/Correctness In a large body of code, there can be a large number of dependencies between the various objects. The makefiles or other build descriptions for these objects can become very complex and difficult to understand or maintain. The dependencies can change as the system evolves. This can cause a given set of makefiles to become slightly incorrect over time, leading to race conditions and mysterious rare build failures. Dependency Cycles It might be desirable to organize code as cooperating shared objects, each of which draw on the resources provided by the other. Such cycles cannot be supported in an environment where objects must be built before the objects that use them, even though the runtime linker is fully capable of loading and using such objects if they could be built. Stub shared objects offer an alternative method for building code that sidesteps the above issues. Stub objects can be quickly built for all the shared objects produced by the build. Then, all the real shared objects and executables can be built in parallel, in any order, using the stub objects to stand in for the real objects at link-time. Afterwards, the executables and real shared objects are kept, and the stub shared objects are discarded. Stub objects are built from a mapfile, which must satisfy the following requirements. The mapfile must specify the STUB_OBJECT directive. This directive informs the link-editor that the object can be built as a stub object, and as such causes the link-editor to perform validation and sanity checking intended to guarantee that an object and its stub will always provide identical linking interfaces. All function and data symbols that make up the external interface to the object must be explicitly listed in the mapfile. The mapfile must use symbol scope reduction ('*'), to remove any symbols not explicitly listed from the external interface. All global data exported from the object must have an ASSERT symbol attribute in the mapfile to specify the symbol type, size, and bss attributes. In the case where there are multiple symbols that reference the same data, the ASSERT for one of these symbols must specify the TYPE and SIZE attributes, while the others must use the ALIAS attribute to reference this primary symbol. Given such a mapfile, the stub and real versions of the shared object can be built using the same command line for each, adding the '-z stub' option to the link for the stub object, and omiting the option from the link for the real object. To demonstrate these ideas, the following code implements a shared object named idx5, which exports data from a 5 element array of integers, with each element initialized to contain its zero-based array index. This data is available as a global array, via an alternative alias data symbol with weak binding, and via a functional interface. % cat idx5.c int _idx5[5] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; #pragma weak idx5 = _idx5 int idx5_func(int index) { if ((index 4)) return (-1); return (_idx5[index]); } A mapfile is required to describe the interface provided by this shared object. % cat mapfile $mapfile_version 2 STUB_OBJECT; SYMBOL_SCOPE { _idx5 { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=4[5] }; }; idx5 { ASSERT { BINDING=weak; ALIAS=_idx5 }; }; idx5_func; local: *; }; The following main program is used to print all the index values available from the idx5 shared object. % cat main.c #include <stdio.h> extern int _idx5[5], idx5[5], idx5_func(int); int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; for (i = 0; i The following commands create a stub version of this shared object in a subdirectory named stublib. elfdump is used to verify that the resulting object is a stub. The command used to build the stub differs from that of the real object only in the addition of the -z stub option, and the use of a different output file name. This demonstrates the ease with which stub generation can be added to an existing makefile. % cc -Kpic -G -M mapfile -h libidx5.so.1 idx5.c -o stublib/libidx5.so.1 -zstub % ln -s libidx5.so.1 stublib/libidx5.so % elfdump -d stublib/libidx5.so | grep STUB [11] FLAGS_1 0x4000000 [ STUB ] The main program can now be built, using the stub object to stand in for the real shared object, and setting a runpath that will find the real object at runtime. However, as we have not yet built the real object, this program cannot yet be run. Attempts to cause the system to load the stub object are rejected, as the runtime linker knows that stub objects lack the actual code and data found in the real object, and cannot execute. % cc main.c -L stublib -R '$ORIGIN/lib' -lidx5 -lc % ./a.out ld.so.1: a.out: fatal: libidx5.so.1: open failed: No such file or directory Killed % LD_PRELOAD=stublib/libidx5.so.1 ./a.out ld.so.1: a.out: fatal: stublib/libidx5.so.1: stub shared object cannot be used at runtime Killed We build the real object using the same command as we used to build the stub, omitting the -z stub option, and writing the results to a different file. % cc -Kpic -G -M mapfile -h libidx5.so.1 idx5.c -o lib/libidx5.so.1 Once the real object has been built in the lib subdirectory, the program can be run. % ./a.out [0] 0 0 0 [1] 1 1 1 [2] 2 2 2 [3] 3 3 3 [4] 4 4 4 Mapfile Changes The version 2 mapfile syntax was extended in a number of places to accommodate stub objects. Conditional Input The version 2 mapfile syntax has the ability conditionalize mapfile input using the $if control directive. As you might imagine, these directives are used frequently with ASSERT directives for data, because a given data symbol will frequently have a different size in 32 or 64-bit code, or on differing hardware such as x86 versus sparc. The link-editor maintains an internal table of names that can be used in the logical expressions evaluated by $if and $elif. At startup, this table is initialized with items that describe the class of object (_ELF32 or _ELF64) and the type of the target machine (_sparc or _x86). We found that there were a small number of cases in the Solaris code base in which we needed to know what kind of object we were producing, so we added the following new predefined items in order to address that need: NameMeaning ...... _ET_DYNshared object _ET_EXECexecutable object _ET_RELrelocatable object ...... STUB_OBJECT Directive The new STUB_OBJECT directive informs the link-editor that the object described by the mapfile can be built as a stub object. STUB_OBJECT; A stub shared object is built entirely from the information in the mapfiles supplied on the command line. When the -z stub option is specified to build a stub object, the presence of the STUB_OBJECT directive in a mapfile is required, and the link-editor uses the information in symbol ASSERT attributes to create global symbols that match those of the real object. When the real object is built, the presence of STUB_OBJECT causes the link-editor to verify that the mapfiles accurately describe the real object interface, and that a stub object built from them will provide the same linking interface as the real object it represents. All function and data symbols that make up the external interface to the object must be explicitly listed in the mapfile. The mapfile must use symbol scope reduction ('*'), to remove any symbols not explicitly listed from the external interface. All global data in the object is required to have an ASSERT attribute that specifies the symbol type and size. If the ASSERT BIND attribute is not present, the link-editor provides a default assertion that the symbol must be GLOBAL. If the ASSERT SH_ATTR attribute is not present, or does not specify that the section is one of BITS or NOBITS, the link-editor provides a default assertion that the associated section is BITS. All data symbols that describe the same address and size are required to have ASSERT ALIAS attributes specified in the mapfile. If aliased symbols are discovered that do not have an ASSERT ALIAS specified, the link fails and no object is produced. These rules ensure that the mapfiles contain a description of the real shared object's linking interface that is sufficient to produce a stub object with a completely compatible linking interface. SYMBOL_SCOPE/SYMBOL_VERSION ASSERT Attribute The SYMBOL_SCOPE and SYMBOL_VERSION mapfile directives were extended with a symbol attribute named ASSERT. The syntax for the ASSERT attribute is as follows: ASSERT { ALIAS = symbol_name; BINDING = symbol_binding; TYPE = symbol_type; SH_ATTR = section_attributes; SIZE = size_value; SIZE = size_value[count]; }; The ASSERT attribute is used to specify the expected characteristics of the symbol. The link-editor compares the symbol characteristics that result from the link to those given by ASSERT attributes. If the real and asserted attributes do not agree, a fatal error is issued and the output object is not created. In normal use, the link editor evaluates the ASSERT attribute when present, but does not require them, or provide default values for them. The presence of the STUB_OBJECT directive in a mapfile alters the interpretation of ASSERT to require them under some circumstances, and to supply default assertions if explicit ones are not present. See the definition of the STUB_OBJECT Directive for the details. When the -z stub command line option is specified to build a stub object, the information provided by ASSERT attributes is used to define the attributes of the global symbols provided by the object. ASSERT accepts the following: ALIAS Name of a previously defined symbol that this symbol is an alias for. An alias symbol has the same type, value, and size as the main symbol. The ALIAS attribute is mutually exclusive to the TYPE, SIZE, and SH_ATTR attributes, and cannot be used with them. When ALIAS is specified, the type, size, and section attributes are obtained from the alias symbol. BIND Specifies an ELF symbol binding, which can be any of the STB_ constants defined in <sys/elf.h>, with the STB_ prefix removed (e.g. GLOBAL, WEAK). TYPE Specifies an ELF symbol type, which can be any of the STT_ constants defined in <sys/elf.h>, with the STT_ prefix removed (e.g. OBJECT, COMMON, FUNC). In addition, for compatibility with other mapfile usage, FUNCTION and DATA can be specified, for STT_FUNC and STT_OBJECT, respectively. TYPE is mutually exclusive to ALIAS, and cannot be used in conjunction with it. SH_ATTR Specifies attributes of the section associated with the symbol. The section_attributes that can be specified are given in the following table: Section AttributeMeaning BITSSection is not of type SHT_NOBITS NOBITSSection is of type SHT_NOBITS SH_ATTR is mutually exclusive to ALIAS, and cannot be used in conjunction with it. SIZE Specifies the expected symbol size. SIZE is mutually exclusive to ALIAS, and cannot be used in conjunction with it. The syntax for the size_value argument is as described in the discussion of the SIZE attribute below. SIZE The SIZE symbol attribute existed before support for stub objects was introduced. It is used to set the size attribute of a given symbol. This attribute results in the creation of a symbol definition. Prior to the introduction of the ASSERT SIZE attribute, the value of a SIZE attribute was always numeric. While attempting to apply ASSERT SIZE to the objects in the Solaris ON consolidation, I found that many data symbols have a size based on the natural machine wordsize for the class of object being produced. Variables declared as long, or as a pointer, will be 4 bytes in size in a 32-bit object, and 8 bytes in a 64-bit object. Initially, I employed the conditional $if directive to handle these cases as follows: $if _ELF32 foo { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=4 } }; bar { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=20 } }; $elif _ELF64 foo { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=8 } }; bar { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=40 } }; $else $error UNKNOWN ELFCLASS $endif I found that the situation occurs frequently enough that this is cumbersome. To simplify this case, I introduced the idea of the addrsize symbolic name, and of a repeat count, which together make it simple to specify machine word scalar or array symbols. Both the SIZE, and ASSERT SIZE attributes support this syntax: The size_value argument can be a numeric value, or it can be the symbolic name addrsize. addrsize represents the size of a machine word capable of holding a memory address. The link-editor substitutes the value 4 for addrsize when building 32-bit objects, and the value 8 when building 64-bit objects. addrsize is useful for representing the size of pointer variables and C variables of type long, as it automatically adjusts for 32 and 64-bit objects without requiring the use of conditional input. The size_value argument can be optionally suffixed with a count value, enclosed in square brackets. If count is present, size_value and count are multiplied together to obtain the final size value. Using this feature, the example above can be written more naturally as: foo { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=addrsize } }; bar { ASSERT { TYPE=data; SIZE=addrsize[5] } }; Exported Global Data Is Still A Bad Idea As you can see, the additional plumbing added to the Solaris link-editor to support stub objects is minimal. Furthermore, about 90% of that plumbing is dedicated to handling global data. We have long advised against global data exported from shared objects. There are many ways in which global data does not fit well with dynamic linking. Stub objects simply provide one more reason to avoid this practice. It is always better to export all data via a functional interface. You should always hide your data, and make it available to your users via a function that they can call to acquire the address of the data item. However, If you do have to support global data for a stub, perhaps because you are working with an already existing object, it is still easilily done, as shown above. Oracle does not like us to discuss hypothetical new features that don't exist in shipping product, so I'll end this section with a speculation. It might be possible to do more in this area to ease the difficulty of dealing with objects that have global data that the users of the library don't need. Perhaps someday... Conclusions It is easy to create stub objects for most objects. If your library only exports function symbols, all you have to do to build a faithful stub object is to add STUB_OBJECT; and then to use the same link command you're currently using, with the addition of the -z stub option. Happy Stubbing!

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• Users using Perl script to bypass Squid Proxy

  - by mk22

  The users on our network have been using a perl script to bypass our Squid proxy restrictions. Is there any way we can block this script from working?? #!/usr/bin/perl ######################################################################## # (c) 2008 Indika Bandara Udagedara # [email protected] # http://indikabandara19.blogspot.com # # ---------- # LICENCE # ---------- # This work is protected under GNU GPL # It simply says # " you are hereby granted to do whatever you want with this # except claiming you wrote this." # # # ---------- # README # ---------- # A simple tool to download via http proxies which enforce a download # size limit. Requires curl. # This is NOT a hack. This uses the absolutely legal HTTP/1.1 spec # Tested only for squid-2.6. Only squids will work with this(i think) # Please read the verbose README provided kindly by Rahadian Pratama # if u r on cygwin and think this documentation is not enough :) # # The newest version of pget is available at # http://indikabandara.no-ip.com/~indika/pget # # ---------- # USAGE # ---------- # + Edit below configurations(mainly proxy) # + First run with -i <file> giving a sample file of same type that # you are going to download. Doing this once is enough. # eg. to download '.tar' files first run with # pget -i my.tar ('my.tar' should be a real file) # + Run with # pget -g <URL> # # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # CONFIGURATIONS - CHANGE THESE FREELY ######################################################################## # *magic* file # pls set absolute path if in cygwin my $_extFile = "./pget.ext" ; # download in chunks of below size my $_chunkSize = 1024*1024; # in Bytes # the proxy that troubles you my $_proxy = "192.168.0.2:3128"; # proxy URL:port my $_proxy_auth = "user:pass"; # proxy user:pass # whereis curl # pls set absolute path if in cygwin my $_curl = "/usr/bin/curl"; ######################################################################## # EDIT BELOW ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING ######################################################################## use warnings; my $_version = "0.1.0"; PrintBanner(); if (@ARGV == 0) { PrintHelp(); exit; } PrimaryValidations(); my $val; while(scalar(@ARGV)) { my $arg = shift(@ARGV); if($arg eq '-h') { PrintHelp(); } elsif($arg eq '-i') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-i option requires a filename\n"); exit; } Init($val); } elsif($arg eq '-g') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-g option requires a URL\n"); exit; } GetURL($val); } elsif($arg eq '-c') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-c option requires a URL\n"); exit; } ContinueURL($val); } else { printf ("Unknown option %s\n", $arg); PrintHelp(); } } sub GetURL { my ($URL) = @_; chomp($URL); my $fileName = GetFileName($URL); my %mapExt; my $first; my $readLen; my $ext = GetExt($fileName); ReadMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); if ( exists($mapExt{$ext})) { $first = $mapExt{$ext}; GetFile($URL, $first, $fileName, 0); } else { die "Unknown ext in $fileName. Rerun with -i <fileName>"; } } sub ContinueURL { my ($URL) = @_; chomp($URL); my $fileName = GetFileName($URL); my $fileSize = 0; $fileSize = -s $fileName; printf("Size = %d\n", $fileSize); my $first = -1; if ( $fileSize > 0 ) { $fileSize -= 1; GetFile($URL, $first, $fileName, $fileSize); } else { GetURL($URL); } } sub Init { my ($fileName) = @_; my ($key, $value); my %mapExt; my $ext = GetExt($fileName); if ( $ext eq "") { die "Cannot get ext of \'$fileName\'"; } ReadMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); my $b = GetFirst($fileName); $mapExt{$ext} = $b; WriteMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); print "I handle\n"; while ( ($key, $value) = each(%mapExt) ) { print "\t$key -> $value\n"; } } sub GetExt { my ($name) = @_; my @x = split(/\./, $name); my $ext = ""; if (@x != 1) { $ext = pop @x; } return $ext; } sub ReadMap { my($fileName, $mapRef) = @_; my $f; my @arr; open($f, '<', $fileName) or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my %map = %{$mapRef}; while (<$f>) { my $line = $_; chomp($line); @arr = split(/[ \t]+/, $line, 2); $mapRef->{ $arr[0]} = $arr[1]; } printf("known ext\n"); while (($key, $value) = each(%$mapRef)) { print("$key, $value\n"); } close($f); } sub WriteMap { my ($fileName, $mapRef) = @_; my $f; my @arr; open($f, '>', $fileName) or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my ($k, $v); while( ($k, $v) = each(%{$mapRef})) { print $f "$k" . "\t$v\n"; } close($f); } sub PrintHelp { print "usage: -h Print this help -i <filename> Initialize for this filetype -g <URL> Get this URL\n -c <URL> Continue this URL\n" } sub GetFirst { my ($fileName) = @_; my $f; open($f, "<$fileName") or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my $buffer = ""; my $first = -1; binmode($f); sysread($f, $buffer, 1, 0); close($f); $first = ord($buffer); return $first; } sub GetFirstFromMap { } sub GetFileName { my ($URL) = @_; my @x = split(/\//, $URL); my $fileName = pop @x; return $fileName; } sub GetChunk { my ($URL, $file, $offset, $readLen) = @_; my $end = $offset + $_chunkSize - 1; my $curlCmd = "$_curl -x $_proxy -u $_proxy_auth -r $offset-$end -# \"$URL\""; print "$curlCmd\n"; my $buff = `$curlCmd`; ${$readLen} = syswrite($file, $buff, length($buff)); } sub GetFile { my ($URL, $first, $outFile, $fileSize) = @_; my $readLen = 0; my $start = $fileSize + 1; my $file; open($file, "+>>$outFile") or die "Couldn't open $outFile to write"; if ($fileSize <= 0) { my $uc = pack("C", $first); syswrite ($file, $uc, 1); } do { GetChunk($URL, $file, $start ,\$readLen); $start = $start + $_chunkSize; $fileSize += $readLen; }while ($readLen == $_chunkSize); printf("Downloaded %s(%d bytes).\n", $outFile, $fileSize); close($file); } sub PrintBanner { printf ("pget version %s\n", $_version); printf ("There is absolutely NO WARRANTY for pget.\n"); printf ("Use at your own risk. You have been warned.\n\n"); } sub PrimaryValidations { unless( -e "$_curl") { printf("ERROR:curl is not at %s. Pls install or provide correct path.\n", $_curl); exit; } unless( -e "$_extFile") { printf("extFile is not at %s. Creating one\n", $_extFile); `touch $_extFile`; } if ( $_chunkSize <= 0) { printf ("Invalid chunk size. Using 1Mb as default.\n"); $_chunkSize = 1024*1024; } }

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