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  • Implementing prototypes OR instantiating class objects

    - by intuited
    I'm wondering how to implement prototypal inheritance in Python. It seems like the way to do this would be to either use a metaclass to cause instantiations to actually be classes, rather than objects, or use some magical powers to transform an existing object into a class. The second method would seem to be more flexible, in that it could be applied to existing objects of varied types, while the first would likely be more convenient for typical use cases. Insights on the practicality of these two approaches, as well as alternative suggestions, are hereby requested.

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  • In .NET Xml Serialization, is it possible to serialize a class with an enum property with different

    - by Lasse V. Karlsen
    I have a class, containing a list property, where the list contains objects that has an enum property. When I serialize this, it looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ibm850"?> <test> <events> <test-event type="changing" /> <test-event type="changed" /> </events> </test> Is it possible, through attributes, or similar, to get the Xml to look like this? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ibm850"?> <test> <events> <changing /> <changed /> </events> </test> Basically, use the property value of the enum as a way to determine the tag-name? Is using a class hierarchy (ie. creating subclasses instead of using the property value) the only way? Edit: After testing, it seems even a class-hierarchy won't actually work. If there is a way to structure the classes to get the output I want, even with sub-classes, that is also an acceptable answer. Here's a sample program that will output the above Xml (remember to hit Ctrl+F5 to run in Visual Studio, otherwise the program window will close immediately): using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Xml.Serialization; namespace ConsoleApplication18 { public enum TestEventTypes { [XmlEnum("changing")] Changing, [XmlEnum("changed")] Changed } [XmlType("test-event")] public class TestEvent { [XmlAttribute("type")] public TestEventTypes Type { get; set; } } [XmlType("test")] public class Test { private List<TestEvent> _Events = new List<TestEvent>(); [XmlArray("events")] public List<TestEvent> Events { get { return _Events; } } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Test test = new Test(); test.Events.Add(new TestEvent { Type = TestEventTypes.Changing }); test.Events.Add(new TestEvent { Type = TestEventTypes.Changed }); XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Test)); XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); ns.Add("", ""); serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, test, ns); } } }

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  • When should I implement IDisposeable?

    - by Bobby
    What is the best practice for when to implement IDisposeable? Is the best rule of thumb to implement it if you have one managed object in the class, or does it depend if the object was created in the class or just passed in? Should I also do it for classes with no managed objects at all?

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  • C# Different class objects in one list

    - by jeah_wicer
    I have looked around some now to find a solution to this problem. I found several ways that could solve it but to be honest I didn't realize which of the ways that would be considered the "right" C# or OOP way of solving it. My goal is not only to solve the problems but also to develop a good set of code standards and I'm fairly sure there's a standard way to handle this problem. Let's say I have 2 types of printer hardwares with their respective classes and ways of communicating: PrinterType1, PrinterType2. I would also like to be able to later on add another type if neccessary. One step up in abstraction those have much in common. It should be possible to send a string to each one of them as an example. They both have variables in common and variables unique to each class. (One for instance communicates via COM-port and has such an object, while the other one communicates via TCP and has such an object). I would however like to just implement a List of all those printers and be able to go through the list and perform things as "Send(string message)" on all Printers regardless of type. I would also like to access variables like "PrinterList[0].Name" that are the same for both objects, however I would also at some places like to access data that is specific to the object itself (For instance in the settings window of the application where the COM-port name is set for one object and the IP/port number for another). So, in short something like: In common: Name Send() Specific to PrinterType1: Port Specific to PrinterType2: IP And I wish to, for instance, do Send() on all objects regardless of type and the number of objects present. I've read about polymorphism, Generics, interfaces and such, but I would like to know how this, in my eyes basic, problem typically would be dealt with in C# (and/or OOP in general). I actually did try to make a base class, but it didn't quite seem right to me. For instance I have no use of a "string Send(string Message)" function in the base class itself. So why would I define one there that needs to be overridden in the derived classes when I would never use the function in the base class ever in the first place? I'm really thankful for any answers. People around here seem very knowledgeable and this place has provided me with many solutions earlier. Now I finally have an account to answer and vote with too. EDIT: To additionally explain, I would also like to be able to access the objects of the actual printertype. For instance the Port variable in PrinterType1 which is a SerialPort object. I would like to access it like: PrinterList[0].Port.Open() and have access to the full range of functionality of the underlaying port. At the same time I would like to call generic functions that work in the same way for the different objects (but with different implementations): foreach (printer in Printers) printer.Send(message)

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  • Class Template Instantiation: any way round this circular reference?

    - by TimYorke34
    I have two classes that I'm using to represent some hardware: A Button and an InputPin class which represent a button that will change the value of an IC's input pin when it's pressed down. A simple example of them is: template <int pinNumber> class InputPin { static bool IsHigh() { return ( (*portAddress) & (1<<pinNumber) ); } }; template <typename InputPin> class Button { static bool IsPressed() { return !InputPin::IsHigh(); } }; This works beautifully and by using class templates, the condition below will compile as tightly as if I'd handwritten it in assembly (a single instruction). Button < InputPin<1> > powerButton; if (powerButton.IsPressed()) ........; However, I am extending it to deal with interrupts and have got a problem with circular references. Compared to the original InputPin, a new InputPinIRQ class has an extra static member function that will be called automatically by the hardware when the pin value changes. I'd like it to be able to notify the Button class of this, so that the Button class can then notify the main application that it has been pressed/released. I am currently doing this with function pointers to callbacks. In order for the callback code to be inlined by the compiler, I need to pass the function pointers as template parameters. So now, both of the new classes have an extra template parameter that is a pointer to a callback function. Unfortunately this gives me a circular reference because to instantiate a ButtonIRQ class I now have to do something like this: ButtonIRQ< InputPinIRQ< A1, ButtonIRQ<....>::OnPinChange, OnButtonChange > pB; where the <...... represents the circular reference. Does anyone know how I can avoid this circular reference? I am new to templates, so might be missing something really simple. It's important that the compiler knows exactly what code will be run when the interrupt occurs as it then does some very useful optimisation - it is able to inline the callback function and literally inserts the callback function's code at the exact address that is called on a h/w interrupt.

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  • nsmutablearray and saving to file

    - by Amir
    hello all, I have class named Shop that contain data members (NSString , NSInteger and nsmutablearray that contain another class(that have also NSString and NSInteger) Now if i use nsmutablearray to hold alist of Shops what is the best way to save the list to file and load it later? again the class Shop contain data memeber that is another class both of the classes have NSString and NSinteger (maybe also NSdata and NSdate) i heard somthing about archiver?? thanks.

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  • out of memory error , my app's fault?

    - by arnold
    hello all, i have a aplication on the android market , in wich exceptions and errors are catched and sent to me by acra. But i receive quite a lot out of memory errors.. In different kind of classes...some my app, some general java.. Does this always mean there is a problem in my app, or can it also be the phone ran out of memory due to a other process? Will users also get a fc dialog ? thnks

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  • accessing objective c++ methods

    - by Sreelal
    Hi, I am developing an application for iPhone.I am using some objective c++ classes with .h and .mm extensions.My problem is that when i am trying to access a method in .mm file from .m file i am geting a warning that "No '-methodname' found".how can i resolve this warnings Thanks in advance

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  • Java application profiling / tracking

    - by sarav
    I have a closed source Java application for which vendor has provided APIs for customization. As I have no other documents, i rely completely on the API's javadoc. I want to trace what methods are actually called in different classes for a particular use case. Is there any way to do that with eclipse?

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  • Abstract over X

    - by Bruno Bieth
    Sorry for this english related question but I only came across that expression in the context of IT. What does abstracting over something mean ? For example abstracting over objects or abstracting over classes. Thanks

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