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• Wireless networks are not detected at start up in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Kanhaiya Mishra

  I have recently (three four days ago) installed Ubuntu 12.04 via windows installer i.e. wubi.exe. After the installation completed wireless and Ethernet were both working well. But after restart wireless networks didn't show up while in the network manager both networking and wireless were enabled. Though sometimes after boot it did show the networks available but very rarely. So I went through various posts regarding wireless issues in Ubuntu 12.04 and tried so many things but ended up in nothing satisfactory. I have Broadcom 4313 LAN network controller and brcmsmac driver. Then relying on some suggestions I tried to install bcm-wl driver but couldn't install due to some error in jockeyl.log file. Then i tried fresh installation of the same driver but still could resolve the startup issues with wireless. Then again I reinstalled Ubuntu inside windows using wubi installer. This time again same problem occurred after boot. But this time I successfully installed wl driver before disturbing file-system files of Ubuntu. But again the same issue. This time I noticed some new things: If I inserted Ethernet/LAN cable before startup then wireless networks are available and of course LAN(wired) networks also work. but if i don't plug in cable before startup and then plug it after startup then it didn't detect Ethernet network neither wireless. So I haven't noticed it before that LAN along with wifi also doesn't work after startup. But if i suspend the session and make it sleep and again login then it worked. I tried it every time that WLAN worked perfectly. But still i m unable to resolve that startup problem. Each time i boot first I have to suspend it once then only networks are available. It irritates me each time i reboot/boot my lappy. So please help out of this problem. Any ideas/help regarding this issue would be highly appreciated. Some of the commands that i run gave following results: # lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 12) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 12) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 06) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 06) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 06) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev 06) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev a6) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem (rev 06) 03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01) 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8152 v1.1 Fast Ethernet (rev c1) ff:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers (rev 02) ff:00.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder (rev 02) ff:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 02) ff:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 02) ff:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02) ff:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02) # sudo lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 70:f1:a1:49:b6:ab width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 ip=192.168.1.7 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11 resources: irq:17 memory:f0500000-f0503fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8152 v1.1 Fast Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c1 serial: b8:ac:6f:6b:f7:4a capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:44 memory:f0400000-f043ffff ioport:2000(size=128) # lsmod | grep wl wl 2568210 0 lib80211 14381 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl # sudo iwlist eth1 scanning eth1 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: 30:46:9A:85:DA:9A ESSID:"BH DASHIR 2" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:4/5 Signal level:-60 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD7F0050F204104A00011010440001021041000100103B000103104700109AFE7D908F8E2D381860668BA2E8D8771021000D4E4554474541522C20496E632E10230009574752363134763130102400095747523631347631301042000538333235381054000800060050F204000110110009574752363134763130100800020084 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 02 - Address: C0:3F:0E:EB:45:14 ESSID:"BH DASHIR 3" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-71 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD7F0050F204104A00011010440001021041000100103B00010310470010F3C9BBE499D140540F530E7EBEDE2F671021000D4E4554474541522C20496E632E10230009574752363134763130102400095747523631347631301042000538333235381054000800060050F204000110110009574752363134763130100800020084 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 03 - Address: A0:21:B7:A8:2F:C0 ESSID:"BH DASHIR 4" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-86 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD8B0050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000A021B7A82FC01021000D4E6574676561722C20496E632E10230009574E523130303076321024000456324831104200046E6F6E651054000800060050F20400011011001B574E5231303030763228576972656C6573732041502D322E344729100800020086103C000103 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s

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• ?Oracle????SELECT????UNDO

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  ????????Oracle?????(dirty read),?Oracle??????Asktom????????Oracle???????, ???undo??????????(before image)??????Consistent, ???????????????Oracle????????????? ????????? ??,??,Oracle?????????????RDBMS,???????????? ?????????2?????: _offline_rollback_segments or _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????????Oracle???????????ORA-600[4XXX]???????????????,???2??????Undo??Corruption????????????,?????2????????????????? ??????????????_offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?2?????: ???????(FORCE OPEN DATABASE) ????????????(consistent read & delayed block cleanout) ??????rollback segment??? ?????:???????Oracle????????,??????????2?????,?????????????!! _offline_rollback_segments ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ???????????: ??2???????Undo Segments(???/???)????????online ?UNDO$???????????OFFLINE??? ???instance??????????????????? ??????Undo Segments????????active transaction????????????dead??SMON???(????????SMON??(?):Recover Dead transaction) _OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(offline undo segment list)????(hidden parameter)?????: ???startup???open database???????_OFFLINE_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????Undo segments(???/???),?????undo segments????????alert.log???TRACE?????,???????startup?? ?????????????,?ITL?????undo segments?: ???undo segments?transaction table?????????????????? ???????????commit,?????CR??? ????undo segments????(???corrupted??,???missed??)???????????alert.log,??????? ?DML?????????????????????????????????CPU,????????????????????? _CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS(corrupted undo segment list)??????????: ?????startup?open database???_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????undo segments(???/???)???????? ???????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS???undo segments????????????commit,???undo segments???drop??? ??????????? ??????????????????,?????????????????? ??bootstrap???????????,?????????ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure??,???????????(???Oracle????:??ORA-00600:[4000] ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure????) ??????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS????????????????????,??????????????? Oracle???????TXChecker??????????? ???????2?????,??????????????_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS?????SELECT????UNDO???????: SQL> alter system set event= '10513 trace name context forever, level 2' scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> alter system set "_in_memory_undo"=false scope=spfile; System altered. 10513 level 2 event????SMON ??rollback ??? dead transaction _in_memory_undo ?? in memory undo ?? SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. session A: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> create table maclean tablespace users as select 1 t1 from dual connect by level exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('','MACLEAN'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processe ???????????,????current block, ????????,consistent gets??3? SQL> update maclean set t1=0; 501 rows updated. SQL> alter system checkpoint; System altered. ??session A?commit; ???? session: SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 505 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? ?????????undo??CR?,???consistent gets??? 505 [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=YES |grep -v grep oracle 5841 5839 0 09:17 ? 00:00:00 oracleG10R25 (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) [oracle@vrh8 ~]$ kill -9 5841 ??session A???Server Process????,???dead transaction ????smon?? select ktuxeusn, to_char(sysdate, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "Time", ktuxesiz, ktuxesta from x$ktuxe where ktuxecfl = 'DEAD'; KTUXEUSN Time KTUXESIZ KTUXESTA ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------------- 2 06-AUG-2012 09:20:45 7 ACTIVE ???1?active rollback segment SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 501 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 411 consistent gets 0 physical reads 108 redo size 515 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ????? ????kill?? ???smon ??dead transaction , ???????????? ?????undo??????? ????active?rollback segment??? SQL> select segment_name from dba_rollback_segs where segment_id=2; SEGMENT_NAME ------------------------------ _SYSSMU2$ SQL> alter system set "_corrupted_rollback_segments"='_SYSSMU2$' scope=spfile; System altered. ? _corrupted_rollback_segments ?? ???2?rollback segment, ????????undo SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 3140026368 bytes Fixed Size 2232472 bytes Variable Size 1795166056 bytes Database Buffers 1325400064 bytes Redo Buffers 17227776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> conn maclean/maclean Connected. SQL> set autotrace on; SQL> select sum(t1) from maclean; SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 228 recursive calls 0 db block gets 29 consistent gets 5 physical reads 116 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 4 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> / SUM(T1) ---------- 94 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1679547536 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 3 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| MACLEAN | 501 | 1503 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 514 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed ?????? consistent gets???3,?????????????????,??ITL???UNDO SEGMENTS?_corrupted_rollback_segments????,???????????COMMIT??,????UNDO? ???????,?????????????????????????(????????????????????),????????????????? ???? , ?????

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• Beware Sneaky Reads with Unique Indexes

  - by Paul White NZ

  A few days ago, Sandra Mueller (twitter | blog) asked a question using twitter’s #sqlhelp hash tag: “Might SQL Server retrieve (out-of-row) LOB data from a table, even if the column isn’t referenced in the query?” Leaving aside trivial cases (like selecting a computed column that does reference the LOB data), one might be tempted to say that no, SQL Server does not read data you haven’t asked for.  In general, that’s quite correct; however there are cases where SQL Server might sneakily retrieve a LOB column… Example Table Here’s a T-SQL script to create that table and populate it with 1,000 rows: CREATE TABLE dbo.LOBtest ( pk INTEGER IDENTITY NOT NULL, some_value INTEGER NULL, lob_data VARCHAR(MAX) NULL, another_column CHAR(5) NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.LOBtest pk] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (pk ASC) ); GO DECLARE @Data VARCHAR(MAX); SET @Data = REPLICATE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 'x'), 65540);   WITH Numbers (n) AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 0)) FROM master.sys.columns C1, master.sys.columns C2 ) INSERT LOBtest WITH (TABLOCKX) ( some_value, lob_data ) SELECT TOP (1000) N.n, @Data FROM Numbers N WHERE N.n <= 1000; Test 1: A Simple Update Let’s run a query to subtract one from every value in the some_value column: UPDATE dbo.LOBtest WITH (TABLOCKX) SET some_value = some_value - 1; As you might expect, modifying this integer column in 1,000 rows doesn’t take very long, or use many resources.  The STATITICS IO and TIME output shows a total of 9 logical reads, and 25ms elapsed time.  The query plan is also very simple: Looking at the Clustered Index Scan, we can see that SQL Server only retrieves the pk and some_value columns during the scan: The pk column is needed by the Clustered Index Update operator to uniquely identify the row that is being changed.  The some_value column is used by the Compute Scalar to calculate the new value.  (In case you are wondering what the Top operator is for, it is used to enforce SET ROWCOUNT). Test 2: Simple Update with an Index Now let’s create a nonclustered index keyed on the some_value column, with lob_data as an included column: CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX dbo.LOBtest some_value (lob_data)] ON dbo.LOBtest (some_value) INCLUDE ( lob_data ) WITH ( FILLFACTOR = 100, MAXDOP = 1, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON ); This is not a useful index for our simple update query; imagine that someone else created it for a different purpose.  Let’s run our update query again: UPDATE dbo.LOBtest WITH (TABLOCKX) SET some_value = some_value - 1; We find that it now requires 4,014 logical reads and the elapsed query time has increased to around 100ms.  The extra logical reads (4 per row) are an expected consequence of maintaining the nonclustered index. The query plan is very similar to before (click to enlarge): The Clustered Index Update operator picks up the extra work of maintaining the nonclustered index. The new Compute Scalar operators detect whether the value in the some_value column has actually been changed by the update.  SQL Server may be able to skip maintaining the nonclustered index if the value hasn’t changed (see my previous post on non-updating updates for details).  Our simple query does change the value of some_data in every row, so this optimization doesn’t add any value in this specific case. The output list of columns from the Clustered Index Scan hasn’t changed from the one shown previously: SQL Server still just reads the pk and some_data columns.  Cool. Overall then, adding the nonclustered index hasn’t had any startling effects, and the LOB column data still isn’t being read from the table.  Let’s see what happens if we make the nonclustered index unique. Test 3: Simple Update with a Unique Index Here’s the script to create a new unique index, and drop the old one: CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [UQ dbo.LOBtest some_value (lob_data)] ON dbo.LOBtest (some_value) INCLUDE ( lob_data ) WITH ( FILLFACTOR = 100, MAXDOP = 1, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON ); GO DROP INDEX [IX dbo.LOBtest some_value (lob_data)] ON dbo.LOBtest; Remember that SQL Server only enforces uniqueness on index keys (the some_data column).  The lob_data column is simply stored at the leaf-level of the non-clustered index.  With that in mind, we might expect this change to make very little difference.  Let’s see: UPDATE dbo.LOBtest WITH (TABLOCKX) SET some_value = some_value - 1; Whoa!  Now look at the elapsed time and logical reads: Scan count 1, logical reads 2016, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 36015, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 15992.   CPU time = 172 ms, elapsed time = 16172 ms. Even with all the data and index pages in memory, the query took over 16 seconds to update just 1,000 rows, performing over 52,000 LOB logical reads (nearly 16,000 of those using read-ahead). Why on earth is SQL Server reading LOB data in a query that only updates a single integer column? The Query Plan The query plan for test 3 looks a bit more complex than before: In fact, the bottom level is exactly the same as we saw with the non-unique index.  The top level has heaps of new stuff though, which I’ll come to in a moment. You might be expecting to find that the Clustered Index Scan is now reading the lob_data column (for some reason).  After all, we need to explain where all the LOB logical reads are coming from.  Sadly, when we look at the properties of the Clustered Index Scan, we see exactly the same as before: SQL Server is still only reading the pk and some_value columns – so what’s doing the LOB reads? Updates that Sneakily Read Data We have to go as far as the Clustered Index Update operator before we see LOB data in the output list: [Expr1020] is a bit flag added by an earlier Compute Scalar.  It is set true if the some_value column has not been changed (part of the non-updating updates optimization I mentioned earlier). The Clustered Index Update operator adds two new columns: the lob_data column, and some_value_OLD.  The some_value_OLD column, as the name suggests, is the pre-update value of the some_value column.  At this point, the clustered index has already been updated with the new value, but we haven’t touched the nonclustered index yet. An interesting observation here is that the Clustered Index Update operator can read a column into the data flow as part of its update operation.  SQL Server could have read the LOB data as part of the initial Clustered Index Scan, but that would mean carrying the data through all the operations that occur prior to the Clustered Index Update.  The server knows it will have to go back to the clustered index row to update it, so it delays reading the LOB data until then.  Sneaky! Why the LOB Data Is Needed This is all very interesting (I hope), but why is SQL Server reading the LOB data?  For that matter, why does it need to pass the pre-update value of the some_value column out of the Clustered Index Update? The answer relates to the top row of the query plan for test 3.  I’ll reproduce it here for convenience: Notice that this is a wide (per-index) update plan.  SQL Server used a narrow (per-row) update plan in test 2, where the Clustered Index Update took care of maintaining the nonclustered index too.  I’ll talk more about this difference shortly. The Split/Sort/Collapse combination is an optimization, which aims to make per-index update plans more efficient.  It does this by breaking each update into a delete/insert pair, reordering the operations, removing any redundant operations, and finally applying the net effect of all the changes to the nonclustered index. Imagine we had a unique index which currently holds three rows with the values 1, 2, and 3.  If we run a query that adds 1 to each row value, we would end up with values 2, 3, and 4.  The net effect of all the changes is the same as if we simply deleted the value 1, and added a new value 4. By applying net changes, SQL Server can also avoid false unique-key violations.  If we tried to immediately update the value 1 to a 2, it would conflict with the existing value 2 (which would soon be updated to 3 of course) and the query would fail.  You might argue that SQL Server could avoid the uniqueness violation by starting with the highest value (3) and working down.  That’s fine, but it’s not possible to generalize this logic to work with every possible update query. SQL Server has to use a wide update plan if it sees any risk of false uniqueness violations.  It’s worth noting that the logic SQL Server uses to detect whether these violations are possible has definite limits.  As a result, you will often receive a wide update plan, even when you can see that no violations are possible. Another benefit of this optimization is that it includes a sort on the index key as part of its work.  Processing the index changes in index key order promotes sequential I/O against the nonclustered index. A side-effect of all this is that the net changes might include one or more inserts.  In order to insert a new row in the index, SQL Server obviously needs all the columns – the key column and the included LOB column.  This is the reason SQL Server reads the LOB data as part of the Clustered Index Update. In addition, the some_value_OLD column is required by the Split operator (it turns updates into delete/insert pairs).  In order to generate the correct index key delete operation, it needs the old key value. The irony is that in this case the Split/Sort/Collapse optimization is anything but.  Reading all that LOB data is extremely expensive, so it is sad that the current version of SQL Server has no way to avoid it. Finally, for completeness, I should mention that the Filter operator is there to filter out the non-updating updates. Beating the Set-Based Update with a Cursor One situation where SQL Server can see that false unique-key violations aren’t possible is where it can guarantee that only one row is being updated.  Armed with this knowledge, we can write a cursor (or the WHILE-loop equivalent) that updates one row at a time, and so avoids reading the LOB data: SET NOCOUNT ON; SET STATISTICS XML, IO, TIME OFF;   DECLARE @PK INTEGER, @StartTime DATETIME; SET @StartTime = GETUTCDATE();   DECLARE curUpdate CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY KEYSET SCROLL_LOCKS FOR SELECT L.pk FROM LOBtest L ORDER BY L.pk ASC;   OPEN curUpdate;   WHILE (1 = 1) BEGIN FETCH NEXT FROM curUpdate INTO @PK;   IF @@FETCH_STATUS = -1 BREAK; IF @@FETCH_STATUS = -2 CONTINUE;   UPDATE dbo.LOBtest SET some_value = some_value - 1 WHERE CURRENT OF curUpdate; END;   CLOSE curUpdate; DEALLOCATE curUpdate;   SELECT DATEDIFF(MILLISECOND, @StartTime, GETUTCDATE()); That completes the update in 1280 milliseconds (remember test 3 took over 16 seconds!) I used the WHERE CURRENT OF syntax there and a KEYSET cursor, just for the fun of it.  One could just as well use a WHERE clause that specified the primary key value instead. Clustered Indexes A clustered index is the ultimate index with included columns: all non-key columns are included columns in a clustered index.  Let’s re-create the test table and data with an updatable primary key, and without any non-clustered indexes: IF OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.LOBtest', N'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.LOBtest; GO CREATE TABLE dbo.LOBtest ( pk INTEGER NOT NULL, some_value INTEGER NULL, lob_data VARCHAR(MAX) NULL, another_column CHAR(5) NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK dbo.LOBtest pk] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (pk ASC) ); GO DECLARE @Data VARCHAR(MAX); SET @Data = REPLICATE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 'x'), 65540);   WITH Numbers (n) AS ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 0)) FROM master.sys.columns C1, master.sys.columns C2 ) INSERT LOBtest WITH (TABLOCKX) ( pk, some_value, lob_data ) SELECT TOP (1000) N.n, N.n, @Data FROM Numbers N WHERE N.n <= 1000; Now here’s a query to modify the cluster keys: UPDATE dbo.LOBtest SET pk = pk + 1; The query plan is: As you can see, the Split/Sort/Collapse optimization is present, and we also gain an Eager Table Spool, for Halloween protection.  In addition, SQL Server now has no choice but to read the LOB data in the Clustered Index Scan: The performance is not great, as you might expect (even though there is no non-clustered index to maintain): Table 'LOBtest'. Scan count 1, logical reads 2011, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 36015, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 15992.   Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 1, logical reads 2040, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 34000, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 8000.   SQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 483 ms, elapsed time = 17884 ms. Notice how the LOB data is read twice: once from the Clustered Index Scan, and again from the work table in tempdb used by the Eager Spool. If you try the same test with a non-unique clustered index (rather than a primary key), you’ll get a much more efficient plan that just passes the cluster key (including uniqueifier) around (no LOB data or other non-key columns): A unique non-clustered index (on a heap) works well too: Both those queries complete in a few tens of milliseconds, with no LOB reads, and just a few thousand logical reads.  (In fact the heap is rather more efficient). There are lots more fun combinations to try that I don’t have space for here. Final Thoughts The behaviour shown in this post is not limited to LOB data by any means.  If the conditions are met, any unique index that has included columns can produce similar behaviour – something to bear in mind when adding large INCLUDE columns to achieve covering queries, perhaps. Paul White Email: [email protected] Twitter: @PaulWhiteNZ

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• Supermicro BIOS recovery - SUPER.ROM

  - by Goyuix

  I have a Supermicro X9SCL+-F motherboard that I flashed a beta BIOS to, then the flash went bad when I tried to flash back to the latest stable. I am attempting to recover using their SUPER.ROM recovery from a flash drive without success. I read in the manual that if I hold down Ctrl +Home  while powering on the server I can do a BIOS recovery from a flash drive. I hold down those keys, hear the desired two beeps and I can see the activity LED on the flash drive activate. Unfortunately, instead of the monitor turning on and allowing a BIOS recovery as the manual indicates, I hear five beeps, followed shortly after by 3 beeps. I grabbed the latest BIOS from their site (x9scm2.508.zip) and extracted it to my flash drive and renamed it to SUPER.ROM. Their instructions are not clear if any ROM can serve as the SUPER.ROM file, or if I need a special SUPER.ROM file to initiate the recovery at which time I can supply a known good ROM. Does anyone have any expertise in ROM recovery for Supermicro boards? Am I missing some key step? Can any known good ROM file function as the SUPER.ROM file for recovery?

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• Server 2008 RAID5 resynching

  - by benpage

  I built a W2K8 R2 server last weekend, and built a R5 array using Disk Management, 5x 1TB drives. For the next 60 hours the status said 'Resynching (X%)' as it built the array. during this time i did read and write to the drive (slowly) and once the rebuild was complete speeds were quite fast. I was copying over some data from a USB hard drive overnight, and the machine crashed (looking in the error i believe it was the driver for the usb drive) and so the RAID5 went back to resynching, since the machine was not shut down properly. The issue is, it's been about 48 hours since that started and I'm happy to say it will take roughly 60 hours again to resynch, however.. all this time in Disk Management, the status has only said 'Resynching', not 'Resynching (X%)'. The hard drive light is going nuts, and read/writes are slow again, so I'm assuming it is actually resynching. The question is - is that a correct assumption? and why is disk management not telling me what %age it's done? Is this normal behaviour for a not-properly-shut-down r5 array?

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• Megacli is killing me, any help appreciated

  - by Stefan

  I run a server with 2 drives in raid0 configured through BIOS. I just added 2 more drives using hotplug (the server is dell r610 with RHEL 5.4 64bit) and I would like to configure a separate raid0 partition on these drives. I am getting the following error: /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd r0[32:2, 32:3] -a0 The specified physical disk does not have the appropriate attributes to complete the requested command. Exit Code: 0x26 All the parameters are correct and there is just no reason why this command could not work, see this (fujitsu is current raid, seagate is the new one I want to create): /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL | egrep 'Adapter|Enclosure|Slot|Inquiry' Adapter #0 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 0 Enclosure position: 0 Inquiry Data: FUJITSU MBD2147RC D807D0A4PA101174 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 1 Enclosure position: 0 Inquiry Data: FUJITSU MBD2147RC D807D0A4PA10115T Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 2 Enclosure position: 0 Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST9300603SS FS033SE0TF5K Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 3 Enclosure position: 0 Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST9300603SS FS023SE070FK I also tried to set up the drive as hotspare, also some strange error: /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -PDHSP -Set -physdrv[32:3] -a0 Adapter: 0: Set Physical Drive at EnclId-32 SlotId-3 as Hot Spare Failed. FW error description: The specified device is in a state that doesn't support the requested command. Exit Code: 0x32 As you can see the disk is in Unconfigured, Good state: Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 3 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 3 Sequence Number: 1 Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 0 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0 PD Type: SAS Raw Size: 279.396 GB [0x22ecb25c Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 278.896 GB [0x22dcb25c Sectors] Coerced Size: 278.875 GB [0x22dc0000 Sectors] Firmware state: Unconfigured(good), Spun Up SAS Address(0): 0x5000c50005cd20b1 SAS Address(1): 0x0 Connected Port Number: 3(path0) Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST9300603SS FS023SE070FK FDE Capable: Not Capable FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: Foreign Foreign Secure: Drive is not secured by a foreign lock key Device Speed: Unknown Link Speed: Unknown Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F)

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• Migrating Windows XP BOOT.INI Settings to Windows 7 Boot-loader

  - by Synetech inc.

  Two months ago my motherboard died, so I bought a used computer that came with Windows 7. I have since installed my old hard-drive, which had Windows XP on it, in this system. What I am trying to do now is to figure out a way to migrate the settings from XP's BOOT.INI into 7's boot-loader. Below is the BOOT.INI I used in XP (I have reduced the strings and updated the disks to point to the new location of the old HD. Oh and I am not clear on the drive letters. In XP, I could boot the recovery console or MS-DOS from a file in C:\ that contains the boot-sector. I am not sure what drive letter it would be called now—I had to manually change all the drive letters of the old partitions in Windows 7 because it auto-assigned them all wrong/differently). [boot loader] timeout=10 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP (Safe)" /safeboot:network /sos /bootlog /noguiboot C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Recovery Console" /cmdcons C:\BOOTSECT.DOS="MS-DOS 7.10" /win95 I have looked around, and have only been able to find some bcdedit commands to add XP to the boot-loader, but none that include information on setting safe-mode for it (or changing any of the XP load options for that matter). Not surprisingly I suppose, I have not found anything on adding the XP recovery console or DOS to the Windows 7 boot-loader. (Yes, I tried EasyBCD, but that did not help; it had no options for XP, and the best I managed was to get a choice of booting 7 or normal-mode XP—choosing XP didn't even give the old XP boot menu.) Can anyone please tell me how to export the entries in XP's boot.ini to 7's boot-loader so that on boot, I can choose to load the following: Windows 7 Windows 7 (Safe-mode) (Windows 7 (The Win7 counterpart of the Recovery Console)) Windows XP Windows XP (Safe-mode) Windows XP (Recovery Console) MS-DOS 7.10

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• CoreStore Encryption Error on Mac Lion

  - by Michael

  I am trying to encrypt an external drive using diskutil CoreStorage on Mac Lion 10.7.4. I thought the only requirements were that the drive have GUID partition scheme and Journaled HFS+ file system. I think my drive is configured accordingly but when I type the following command I get an error message back: Michaels-MacBook-Pro:~ Michael$ diskutil cs convert disk2 -passphrase TestPassword Error converting disk to CoreStorage: The given file system is not supported on Core Storage (-69756) Here are the details reported for the drive in question: Michaels-MacBook-Pro:~ Michael$ diskutil list disk2 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Test1 499.8 GB disk2s2 Michaels-MacBook-Pro:~ Michael$ diskutil list disk2 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Test1 499.8 GB disk2s2 Michaels-MacBook-Pro:~ Michael$ diskutil info disk2s2 Device Identifier: disk2s2 Device Node: /dev/disk2s2 Part of Whole: disk2 Device / Media Name: Test1 Volume Name: Test1 Escaped with Unicode: Test1 Mounted: Yes Mount Point: /Volumes/Test1 Escaped with Unicode: /Volumes/Test1 File System Personality: Journaled HFS+ Type (Bundle): hfs Name (User Visible): Mac OS Extended (Journaled) Journal: Journal size 40960 KB at offset 0xe8e000 Owners: Disabled Partition Type: Apple_HFS OS Can Be Installed: Yes Media Type: Generic Protocol: FireWire SMART Status: Not Supported Volume UUID: 1024D0B8-1C45-3057-B040-AE5C3841DABF Total Size: 499.8 GB (499763888128 Bytes) (exactly 976101344 512-Byte-Blocks) Volume Free Space: 499.3 GB (499315826688 Bytes) (exactly 975226224 512-Byte-Blocks) Device Block Size: 512 Bytes Read-Only Media: No Read-Only Volume: No Ejectable: Yes Whole: No Internal: No I'm a little concerned that the "Partition Type: Apple_HFS" entry is causing the problem, but I don't know how to change that. I only seem to be able to control the "File System Personality: Journaled HFS+" in Disk Utility. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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• Ubuntu Hardy : Testing for environment variables in udev rules doesn't seem to work

  - by Fred

  I have a Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (server edition), and I need to write a udev rule for it to act upon plugging a USB thumb drive. However, I need a different action depending on the filesystem of the drive. I know I can use the ID_FS_TYPE environment variable to check for the filesystem on the drive. Following instructions found here, I try a dummy udev rule as such : KERNEL!="sd[a-z][0-9]", GOTO="my_udev_rule_end" ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /tmp/test_udev_%E{ID_FS_TYPE}" ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="vfat", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /tmp/test_udev_it_works" LABEL="my_udev_rule_end" However, when I plug in a thumb drive with a vfat filesystem (which should trigger both rules), I end up with a file called /tmp/test_udev_vfat, meaning the first rule was triggered successfully, and that the ID_FS_TYPE environment variable is "vfat", but I don't have the other file, meaning that although I know the ID_FS_TYPE env variable is "vfat", I can't seem to check against it for a match. I tried googling the thing, but pretty much every result seems to assume ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}=="vfat" works. I also tested the exact same udev rule on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server, and I have the same result. I'm probably missing something very simple, but I just don't get it. Does anyone see what is wrong with my udev rule that would prevent it from matching on ENV{ID_FS_TYPE}? Thanks.

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• Is there a way to know what the Windows Disk Cleanup utility will delete?

  - by Cam Jackson

  When I run the Disk Cleanup utility that's built into Windows 8, it tells me that it can free up 53GB by deleting 'Temporary Files'. However, a CCleaner analysis on default settings only finds about 300MB worth of space to free up, so I'm wondering what Disk Cleanup has found that CCleaner does not. Note that this question appears to be similar to what I'm asking, but the accepted answer says that 'Temporary Files' refers to %TEMP%. I've already cleared out most of C:\Users\Cam\AppData\Local\Temp, and it now has only 230MB of stuff in it, even with system files showing. So where is this 53GB located? Is there a way to find out what it is? Edit: I should note that this is on a 110GB SSD, so it's almost half the drive. And in fact I'm only using 86GB, so if it's really going to clear out 53GB, that would be more than 60% of the stuff on my C drive. I'm starting to think that Disk Cleanup caches its analysis, and hasn't updated since I started cleaning up the drive earlier today. Although when I run it it says that it's 'Calculating' how much space can be saved, and it takes about 5-10 seconds to do so. Hmmm... Edit2: Here is what my hard drive looks like, according to SpaceMonger (Right click-Open image in new tab, so you can see it properly): You can see why I was starting to think that the 53GB figure is actually wrong. Even if 'Temporary Files' includes my hiberfil and everything in WinSxS (about 13GB total), that would be 26GB, which is only halfway there. Hard to see where there's 53GB of stuff to delete.

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• Issues with creating USB bootable Mountain Lion

  - by Sidd

  I am trying to set up a triple boot Windows 8, Mountain Lion, and Ubuntu. I am stuck though. I have got Windows 8 on a partition, and I am trying to get Mountain Lion on there at this point. I installed a VMware with a Snow Leopard 10.6.2 image on the Windows 8 platform. I used the disk utility in this program in order to get Mountain Lion on there. This is what i did specifically: I got the installesd.dmg. I 'mounted' that file or whatever you call it, and out came something along the lines of "Install Mountain Lion OS x" (something like that - it was like a submenu under the installesd.dmg in the disk utility). I got my PNY 8 gb Attache Flash Drive and went to the Erase tab of disk utility. I erased it using the Mac OS Extended (Journaled) setting and called it "Mac". I went to the Restore tab, dragged "Mac" into destination, and dragged "Install Mountain Lion OS x" to the source. Everything seemed to go well, but it didn't. When trying to boot from the flash drive (and yes, I set the BIOS correctly), it skipped it, and loaded Windows 8 normally as if nothing was plugged in. When I try looking at the flash drive in windows 8, it comes up as a 200 mb capacity drive labeled "EFI" with nothing in it (remember, it was 8gb in the beginning). I downloaded Plop Boot Manager, but it did not recognize a USB being plugged in. Does anyone know how I could fix this?

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• VMware vSphere Hypervisor 5 with Intel SPL 5000 in Raid 0 no boot from DVD?

  - by Richard

  I hope this is the correct StackExchange, since I am only using StackOverflow for Web development, but need some help with my server configuration. I would like to install VMware vSphere Hypervisor 5 on my server here at home and run a view machines on it such as Windows Server 2008 and Red Hat. I used to have either OpenSuse or Windows Server 2008 installed but I would like to get into VMWare Hypervisor. My hardware configuration: - Intel S5000PSL with bios version S5000.86B.10.60.0091 build date 10/09/2008 as of read out of bios - E5420 @ 2.5GHz Intel Xeon CPU The Intel Virtualization Technology is enabled in the BIOS - DVD DH20A4P DVD Writer - 8GB ECC Ram I have configured a RAID 0 on my 2 WD 2TB SATA drives I have burned the Hypervisor 5 on an empty DVD and it is bootable, I tested it on my client PC. The main problem here is basically, that I cannot boot the DVD on my server. I have set the Boot Option to the DVD drive. I have booted from the BIOS straight in the DVD drive and it does not work. I do not see any error messages. The only thing I see are the PXE error messages when it tries booting from the network and other devices, obviously without any result. Does anybody know why I cannot boot the DVD? What could cause the problem? I have sucessfully installed Windows Server 2008 via original DVD about 1 year ago, so the DVD drive can read and does work. The DVD drive is available in the BIOS and I have checked all cables and none of them is loose in any way. I even see the light flashing but it does not want to boot from the DVD. I am looking forward to suggestions and things that I should check. Thank you very much

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• New Computer freezing up at random

  - by Benjamin Frost

  Since I built my system about 4 weeks ago I'v been getting random freezes, Sometimes it can happen directly after startup and sometimes it wont freeze up for 3-4 days of 24/7 running. It seems to be happening under all stress loads but mainly when the CPU is under 10% load. It doesn't give me a BSOD or anything, it simply just freezes and repeats the last sound before the freeze until I shut it down by the power button. I'v re-seated everything in the system except the CPU, Cleaned the RAM sockets and gold fittings. None of the components have been clocked above their factory settings as of yet, don't want to overclock them until I sort out these freezes. Temps are all well under the rated max temps, the highest the temps have been are below CPU: Low load: 16-21°C Full Load (100%) 40-43°C *(From HWMonitor by CPUID) GPU 1: Low Load: 25-30°C Full Load (100%): 45-50°C GPU 2: Low Load: 23-27°C Full Load (100%): 45-50°C *(GPU Temps from Catalyst Control Center) General Case temps Rear: 18-20°C Mid: 20-21°C Front (HDD/SSD Bays): 14-19°C (Case temps may be a little off as it's from the Kaze master pro fan controller) I have Un-installed EVERY driver for Motherboard, GPU & Soundcard and Re-installed twice. Windows is all up to date. To date i'v tried the following Running Memtest for 24 hrs straight, No errors Running Memtest on each individual RAM modules, No errors Reseated everything except the CPU Cleaned DIMM Sockets and Gold inputs Tested the Graphics cards 1 at a time Re-arranged all the SATA devices to run on Chipset controlled ports Re-installing all drivers OS: Win7 Professional 64bit Motherboard: ASRock X79 Extreme9 CPU: i7 3930k 3.2GHz GPU: Sapphire 7950 OC Edition V2 (2 card Crossfire) RAM: G.Skill Ripjaws Z F3-17000CL11Q-16GBZL 16GB (4x4GB) DDR3 Boot Drive: OCZ Agility 4 128GB Data Drive 1: Western Digital Black 2TB Data Drive 2: Western Digital Black 2TB Data Drive 3: Western Digital Green 3TB Power Supply: Corsair AX1200 Gold

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• Migrating Windows XP BOOT.INI Settings to Windows 7 Boot-loader

  - by Synetech inc.

  Hi, Two months ago my motherboard died, so I bought a used computer that came with Windows 7. I have since installed my old hard-drive, which had Windows XP on it, in this system. What I am trying to do now is to figure out a way to migrate the settings from XP's BOOT.INI into 7's boot-loader. Below is the BOOT.INI I used in XP (I have reduced the strings and updated the disks to point to the new location of the old HD. Oh and I am not clear on the drive letters. In XP, I could boot the recovery console or MS-DOS from a file in C:\ that contains the boot-sector. I am not sure what drive letter it would be called now—I had to manually change all the drive letters of the old partitions in Windows 7 because it auto-assigned them all wrong/differently). [boot loader] timeout=10 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP (Safe)" /safeboot:network /sos /bootlog /noguiboot C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Recovery Console" /cmdcons C:\BOOTSECT.DOS="MS-DOS 7.10" /win95 I have looked around, and have only been able to find some bcdedit commands to add XP to the boot-loader, but none that include information on setting safe-mode for it (or changing any of the XP load options for that matter). Not surprisingly I suppose, I have not found anything on adding the XP recovery console or DOS to the Windows 7 boot-loader. (Yes, I tried EasyBCD, but that did not help; it had no options for XP, and the best I managed was to get a choice of booting 7 or normal-mode XP—choosing XP didn't even give the old XP boot menu.) Can anyone please tell me how to export the entries in XP's boot.ini to 7's boot-loader so that on boot, I can choose to load the following: Windows 7 Windows 7 (Safe-mode) (Windows 7 (The Win7 counterpart of the Recovery Console)) Windows XP Windows XP (Safe-mode) Windows XP (Recovery Console) MS-DOS 7.10

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• How do I resolve BSOD: PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA?

  - by Burnzy

  I have been trouble shooting this for a few days and cannot fix this anyhow. Computer specifications Mobo: ASUS Sabertooth X58 LGA 1366 Intel X58 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX Intel Motherboard CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU 920 (Bloomfield) @ 2.67 ( no OC ) RAM: 6144MB RAM GPU: 2x NVIDIA GeForce GTS 250 1Go in SLI (sli is not enabled anyway at the moment anyway) Drives: OCZ RevoDrive OCZSSDPX-1RVD0120 PCI-E x4 120GB PCI Express MLC Internal SSD [RAID-0]. (I know this could potentilly cause trouble but I had the BSOD before using this drive) Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 ST31500341AS 1.5TB 7200 RPM 32MB Cache SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive - Bare Drive Click here for a log of a crash I just had. Click here for a log of a crash I had 30 minutes later, note that it's another driver. Some info Occurence: It seems pretty random so far, haven't noticed any kind of pattern I tried: Windows memory diagnostic (went smoothly at 1066mhz) As I said, it was still happening on my HDD, so when I bought the revodrive I install a new OS on there and still got the error, I believed it happened and I had no drivers installed at that point (not 100% sure) Change the following registry value to 1 (true): HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager \MemoryManagement\ClearPageFileAtShutdown Tried to lower even more ram clock Made sure ram timing was set to recommended by manufacturer Verified if motherboard was in good physical condition (yes and its brand new) There is one thing to note, when I got the new motherboard, I installed the new drivers WITHOUT formatting and the I removed the motherboard drivers that I could remove from the control panel (pretty much the first things that have been installed). Could this cause an issue even ON THE OTHER drive (revodrive). Hopefully someone can help me, I am getting tired of this, spending so much money and cannot get this to work correctly. If you need any other information let me know, thank you!

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• hdparm - how to secure erase SATA SSD over USB

  - by cc0

  I have been following this guide on how to secure erase an SSD (trying to improve the performance of mine, which currently only writes at about 30mb/s seq). However, I'm using an USB--Sata docking device to avoid having the harddrive frozen. Apparently using this solution the SATA device is recognized as a SCSI drive, which is giving me trouble. I use the "hdparm -I /dev/sda" command with those parameters, and I get the error; HDIO_DRIVE_CMD (identify) failed: Invalid Exchange After a lot of googling on the issue I can't seem to find anyone who has actually solved this problem. However, I have not tried to just go ahead and use the secure erase. So I'm not sure if this would actually still work. I would love any and all input I can get on this, especially on whether it will still work to do a secure erase with the drive being recognized as a SCSI drive. The drive itself is a Samsung 256gb SSD (pm800), I'm sure you can understand my reluctance to go through this procedure without feeling reasonably safe that I won't mess it up beyond repair.

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• Where is my free space?

  - by Andrey

  A week ago I got a low disk space warning on my Vista x64 Ultimate box - 60 Mb free on the disk C; I cleaned up some downloaded msdn images and got 20 Gb freed up. Three days ago I got another notification, it looked suspicious but I didnt have time to deal with it and just moved some heavy stuff to another drive to free up about 17 Gb.... Today morning - 53Mb left on drive C, again! Now it looks really suspecious, so I downloaded TreeSize to see what's taking up the space, just to see it reporting only 121 GB out of 200 GB used, in other words I suppose to have about 79 Gb free. Then I went to Folder Options, enabled viewing of system and hidden files, rerun teh tool to see another 5 Gb added (which is expected). Then I open disk C in windows explorer, select all and right click Properties, to see it reporting teh same amount of files - 126 Gb. But when I look at Drive C properties, it reports that 200GB of 200 Gb are taken. I just scanned the drive with two different antiviruses - Symantec and AVG and found no viruses... I'm a little confused at this point, any ideas where is my free space, woudl be highly appreciated! Thank you! Andrey

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• How to check DVD region settings in Window 7

  - by jmatthias

  I have installed Windows 7 on my laptop. When I put a movie in the DVD drive, the video player starts up and tells me 'THIS DISC IS NOT FORMATTED TO PLAY IN THIS REGION'. I have changed the DVD region a few times in the past but while I was in Windows XP I changed the region in Region 1. I cannot find how to check the DVD region setting in Windows 7 (it's not located on the hard properties page of the DVD anymore. Does anybody know how to check the DVD region in Windows 7? Update: If I connect an external USB DVD drive I can see the DVD region tab on the hardware properties dialog. I guess there is some compatibility problem with my internal DVD drive and Windows 7 (as I said I was able to inspect/change the DVD region in Windows XP). Solution: I think I had used LtnRPC in the past to remove the region from my DVD drive. It looks like Windows 7 does not like region free DVD drives (at least mine anyway). I was able to use LtnRPC to reset the region back to 1. I can now see the region tab on the DVD drives hardware properties.

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• Two instances of Windows Vista on boot up after failed clean install

  - by Dwayne

  I tried to install a clean version of Vista but failed. I ended up with Windows and Windows.old on my C: drive and a dual boot option on boot up. I gave up and booted up the old version and tried to rename the Windows.old to Windows and was asked if I wanted to merge the two folders. I answered yes and all seemed OK until I booted up this morning and was given the choice of two versions of Vista. The first one is the one that failed to installed correctly and the second one is the old version. How can I get rid of the failed installation? I got rid of the bad boot via MSCONFIG. Here is my current situation: several hard drives installed Using C: as my boot drive a much larger drive (H:) for storing most of my files. I found a subfolder in my C:\windows folder named windows. Upon inspection I determined it to be older than the C:\windows folder and therefore it must be the older, working version of the boot. I renamed the C:\windows folder to c:\windows.bad and moved the sub windows to the C: root directory. I also copied it to the h: drive. Now MSCONFIG reports that the copy that is booting is the h: copy. How can I change it back to the C:\ copy and can I delete the C:\windows.bad file set?

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• Windows won't sleep after booting from grub

  - by mkasberg

  I recently added a second hard drive to my computer and I am using it do dual-boot Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) with Windows 7. Both hard drives are SATA. I am using the default grub bootloader on my second hard drive. The windows drive is unmodified. To get to grub, I changed the hard disk boot priority in my BIOS (P35-DS3L) to boot from the second drive. The problem I'm having is that when I boot to Windows 7 (on sda) from grub (on sdb), Windows 7 will not go to sleep (from the start menu). The display shuts off momentarily as if its going to sleep, then comes back on and displays the switch-user screen. Powercfg -lastwake does not show anything. I am sure that this is related to booting from grub on sdb because when I change the hard disk boot priority in the BIOS to boot from my (unmodified) Windows hard disk, the computer goes to sleep fine. It occurred to me that installing grub on sda might solve the problem, but I'd rather not since I like to have my windows hard disk unmodified so that booting to it from the BIOS boots directly to windows. A possible work around is to use the BIOS as a bootloader, by pressing F8 to select the boot device. Still, I'd like to know why the problem is happening in the first place.

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• Give back full control to a user on a disk from another computer

  - by Foghorn

  I have my friend's hard drive mounted externally. After messing with the permissions with TAKEOWN so I could fix some viruses, I have full control over their drive. The problem is, now it's stuck in a "autochk not found" reboot sequence. I think the problem is that the boot sector is invisible to the drive now. So my question is, How can I use icacls to give back the full ownership, when the user I am giving it to is not on my machine? I ran the TAKEOWN command from my windows 7 laptop, their machine is a windows xp Professional with three partitions, I only altered the one that has the boot sector. Here is the permissions that icacls shows: (Where my computer is %System% my username is ME, and the drive is E:\ C:\Users\ME icacls E:\* E:\$RECYCLE.BIN %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) Mandatory Label\Low Mandatory Level:(OI)(CI)(IO)(NW) E:\ALLDATAW %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\alrt_200.data %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\AUTOEXEC.BAT %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\AZ Commercial %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\boot.ini %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Config.Msi %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\CONFIG.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Documents and Settings %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\IO.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Mitchell1 %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\MSDOS.SYS %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\MSOCache %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\NTDClient.log %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\NTDETECT.COM %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\ntldr %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\pagefile.sys %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\Program Files %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\RECYCLER %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\RHDSetup.log %System%\ME:(OI)(CI)(F) E:\System Volume Information %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) E:\WINDOWS %System%\ME:(I)(OI)(CI)(F) Successfully processed 22 files; Failed processing 0 files C:\Users\ME

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• DIR $file "File Not Found" vs DIR $filedir shows it....not permissions, not USB

  - by Kev

  I was having this problem before on a USB drive, but now it's happening on my main RAID5-backed hard disk: 2013-10-17 9:37 C:\>dir "C:\Shares\Shared\Reference\Safety Management System\Vid eo CD\AutoPlay\Docs\Manuel*" Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 3C18-E114 Directory of C:\Shares\Shared\Reference\Safety Management System\Video CD\AutoP lay\Docs 2003-09-09 11:29 PM 1,056,768 Manuel d'intervention d'urgence MFC.doc 2004-06-20 10:36 PM 139,849 Manuel d'intervention d'urgence MFC.pdf 2 File(s) 1,196,617 bytes 0 Dir(s) 196,068,691,968 bytes free 2013-10-17 9:38 C:\>dir "C:\Shares\Shared\Reference\Safety Management System\Vid eo CD\AutoPlay\Docs\Manuel d'intervention d'urgence MFC.doc" Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 3C18-E114 Directory of C:\Shares\Shared\Reference\Safety Management System\Video CD\AutoP lay\Docs File Not Found 2013-10-17 9:38 C:\> This is from a Command Prompt window where I went to Properties and told it I wanted to modify who it ran as. I opened it, had it run as me with the "restricted access" unchecked, then ran the above. The file in question has the following ACLs: Administrators, SYSTEM, and OurCompanyUsers. All three have full control of everything. Nobody has any Deny bits set. I am a member of Administrators. So I don't believe it's a permissions issue. It's not a USB drive, so this time there is no question of USB hardware. Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition SP2. What does this mean? Is this more likely a hardware or software problem?

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• Protocol to mount fat32 network filesystem on Linux with ability to lock files ( not advisory locks

  - by nagul

  I have a fat32 filesystem sitting on a NAS storage device (nslu2) that I need to mount on my Ubuntu system. I've tried Samba and NFS mounts, but both don't seem to support proper locking. More specifically, I am unable to save files to the mounted drive through GNUcash, KeepassX etc, which makes the share fairly useless. Is there a protocol that allows me to achieve this ? Note that the NAS storage device is running a linux OS so I can run pretty much any protocol that has a linux implementation. The only option I'm not looking for is to reformat the partition to ext3, which I'm not able to do due to other constraints. Alternatively, has anyone managed proper locking of a fat32 system over the network using Samba ? Or, is advisory locking the best you get with a network-mounted fat32 file system ? I've thought of trying sshfs but I've not found any indication that this will solve my problem. Edit: Okay, maybe I can reformat the drive, but to any file system except ext3. The "unslung" nslu2 doesn't like more than one ext3 drive, and I already have one attached. So any solution that involves reformatting the drive to ntfs, hfs etc is fine, as long as I can mount it on linux and lock files.

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• Robocopy launches and then hangs/just sits there

  - by NateO

  I'm setting up an archive process to store old files on an external hard drive. The computer in question is running Windows 7 Pro 32bit. We have a server folder with 150,000+ files in it, most of which are pretty small (below 200k). I'm trying to use robocopy in a batch file to do this. It was working fine the other day, now all it does upon launch is sit there. It shows me all the options and whatnot, and also lists the number of files in the directory and the directory itself, but it never gets past that line. If I switch the destination to the local C drive, it eventually starts copying files. Is there something in my batch file that needs to change? Or could there be a problem with the external Western Digital drive that I'm using? The WD drive currently is holding about 175,000 files. Here is the one line batch file I have: robocopy "\\cgifp01\Prepress\Public\ImportedPDF" "E:\OldFiles" *.* /R:2 /W:10 /MINAGE:15 /MOV /B /XJ /XF "blank_test.pdf" Thanks for any tips or ideas. Nate

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• How to configure SCSI hard drives and RAID for Poweredge 2850 web server

  - by Saul

  I'm trying to set up a Poweredge 2850 as a web server, but as a server novice it's causing me some confusion. Its a virgin install so no data to be lost as yet, so I'd like to get the best arrangement for setting up Windows Server 2008. The box will run IIS, a mail and FTP server. The current physical arrangement of the hot swap drives is 1 73GB 3 146GB 5 blank 0 73GB 2 146GB 4 146GB (but flashes green, amber off) When I enter the PERC config screens on boot up I've got Raid Ch- 0 ID 0 ONLIN A00-00 1 ONLIN A00-01 2 ONLIN A01-00 3 ONLIN A01-01 4 HOTSP I think that drives 0 and 1 are set to RAID 1 and drives 2 and 3 are also set to RAID 1, certainly I can see 2 logical drives, both raid 1 of 69880MB and 139900MB Now what I think I am getting here is that the 2 73GB drives mirror each other and the 2 146GB drives mirror 2? so by my noob thinking if a drive fails I can pull it, insert and new one and it will reduplicate from its matching pair? I think the flashing amber probably indicates a failing drive in slot 4, should that just be binned? What confuses me coming from a home user XP background is that when I load up Windows Server 2008 OS under my computer I only see a C drive of about 70GB capacity. i.e wheres the 146GB drive? Any advice appreciated

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