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  • Scala :: operator, how it works?

    - by Felix
    Hello Guys, in Scala, I can make a caseclass case class Foo(x:Int) and then put it in a list like so: List(Foo(42)) Now, nothing strange here. The following is strange to me. The operator :: is a function on a list, right? With any function with 1 argument in Scala, I can call it with infix notation. An example is 1 + 2 is a function (+) on the object Int. The class Foo I just defined does not have the :: operator, so how is the following possible: Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) ? In scala 2.8 rc1, I get the following output from the interactive prompt: scala> case class Foo(x:Int) defined class Foo scala> Foo(40) :: List(Foo(2)) res2: List[Foo] = List(Foo(40), Foo(2)) scala> I can go on and use it, but if someone can explain it I will be glad :)

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  • Remove objects from different environments

    - by Fred
    I have an R script file that executes a second R script via: source("../scripts/second_file.R") That second file has the following lines: myfiles <- list.files(".",pattern = "*.csv") ... rm(myfiles) When I run the master R file I get: > source("../scripts/second_file.R") Error in file.remove(myfiles) : object 'myfiles' not found and the program aborts. I think this has something to do with the environment. I looked at ?rm() pages but less than illuminating. I figure I have to give it a position argument, but not sure which.

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  • list permutations in haskell

    - by turingcomplete
    So I'm new to haskell and I've been playing with it for a while now. I want to get my function that outputs all list permutations to work. I have written 2 implementations, one works well, the other is giving me an error. Any help would be awesome. This is the first (working) implementation: permute [] = [[]] permute xs = [y| x <- xs, y <- map (x:) $ permute $ delete x xs] This one is giving me an error: permute [] = [[]] permute xs = map (\x -> map (x:) $ permute $ delete x xs) xs and here's the error message: Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: t0 = [t0] Expected type: [t0] Actual type: [[t0]] In the expression: map (x :) $ permute $ delete x xs In the first argument of `map', namely `(\ x -> map (x :) $ permute $ delete x xs)' I'd appreciate if someone could explain why I'm getting this error. Thanks

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  • measuring uncertainty in matlabs svmclassify

    - by Mark
    I'm doing contextual object recognition and I need a prior for my observations. e.g. this space was labeled "dog", what's the probability that it was labeled correctly? Do you know if matlabs svmclassify has an argument to return this level of certainty with it's classification? If not, matlabs svm has the following structures in it: SVM = SupportVectors: [11x124 single] Alpha: [11x1 double] Bias: 0.0915 KernelFunction: @linear_kernel KernelFunctionArgs: {} GroupNames: {11x1 cell} SupportVectorIndices: [11x1 double] ScaleData: [1x1 struct] FigureHandles: [] Can you think of any ways to compute a good measure of uncertainty from these? (Which support vector to use?) Papers/articles explaining uncertainty in SVMs welcome. More in depth explanations of matlabs SVM are also welcome. If you can't do it this way, can you think of any other libraries with SVMs that have this measure of uncertainty?

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  • How do I simplify these NUNit tests?

    - by Lucas Meijer
    These three tests are identical, except that they use a different static function to create a StartInfo instance. I have this pattern coming up all trough my testcode, and would love to be be able to simplify this using [TestCase], or any other way that reduces boilerplate code. To the best of my knowledge I'm not allowed to use a delegate as a [TestCase] argument, and I'm hoping people here have creative ideas on how to make the code below more terse. [Test] public void ResponseHeadersWorkinPlatform1() { DoResponseHeadersWorkTest(Platform1StartInfo.CreateOneRunning); } [Test] public void ResponseHeadersWorkinPlatform2() { DoResponseHeadersWorkTest(Platform2StartInfo.CreateOneRunning); } [Test] public void ResponseHeadersWorkinPlatform3() { DoResponseHeadersWorkTest(Platform3StartInfo.CreateOneRunning); } void DoResponseHeadersWorkTest(Func<ScriptResource,StartInfo> startInfoCreator) { ScriptResource sr = ScriptResource.Default; var process = startInfoCreator(sr).Start(); //assert some things here }

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  • Why are C, C++, and LISP so prevalent in embedded devices and robots?

    - by David
    It seems that the software language skills most sought for embedded devices and robots are C, C++, and LISP. Why haven't more recent languages made inroads into these applications? For example, Erlang would seem particularly well-suited to robotic applications, since it makes concurrent programming easier and allows hot swapping of code. Python would seem to be useful, if for no other reason than its support of multiple programming paradigms. I'm even surprised that Java hasn't made a foray into general robotic programming. I'm sure one argument would be, "Some newer languages are interpreted, not compiled" - implying that compiled languages are quicker and use fewer computational resources. Is this still the case, in a time when we can put a Java Virtual Machine on a cell phone or a SunSpot? (and isn't LISP interpreted anyway?)

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  • Type hinting and optional attributes in PHP

    - by Álvaro G. Vicario
    I have a class method that deals with dates: public function setAvailability(DateTime $start, DateTime $end){ } Since item availability can have lower limit, upper limit, both or none, I'd like to make setAvailability() accept NULL values as well. However, the NULL constant violates the type hinting: $foo->setAvailability(NULL, $end); triggers: Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to Foo::setAvailability() must be an instance of DateTime, null given And, as far as I know, I cannot have a DateTime instance with no value. (Can I?) For a reason I cannot grasp, this seems to work: public function setAvailability(DateTime $start=NULL, DateTime $end=NULL){ } ... $foo->setAvailability(NULL, $end); But it looks like a hack that works by pure chance. How would you deal with unset dates in PHP classes?

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  • Test-driven Development: Writing tests for private / protected variables

    - by Chetan
    I'm learning TDD, and I have a question about private / protected variables. My question is: If a function I want to test is operating on a private variable, how should I test it? Here is the example I'm working with: I have a class called Table that contains an instance variable called internalRepresentation that is a 2D array. I want to create a function called multiplyValuesByN that multiplies all the values in the 2D array by the argument n. So I write the test for it (in Python): def test_multiplyValuesByN (self): t = Table(3, 3) # 3x3 table, filled with 0's t.set(0, 0, 4) # Set value at position (0,0) to 4 t.multiplyValuesByN(3) assertEqual(t.internalRepresentation, [[12, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]) Now, if I make internalRepresentation private or protected, this test will not work. How am I supposed to write the test so it doesn't depend on internalRepresentation but still tests that it looks correct after calling multiplyValuesByN?

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  • Get Relative Path to Linked Resource in C#

    - by Jason
    I have a number of linked resources (text files in this case) in a C# project I am working on. I know the resources are linked via relative path in the Resources file. Is there any way to get that relative path from within the C# code? If there isn't, what I am trying to do is to pass that resources file to an external application as a commandline argument. If I can't do it the first way (which would obviously be the easiest) any other suggestions would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How are ambigous methods resolved in java ?

    - by Jijoy
    Hi, I have a question. package org.study.algos; public class Study { public static void main(String[] args) { A a = new A(); a.m1(null); } } class A { public void m1(String s) { System.out.println("String"); System.out.println(s); } public void m1(Object obj) { System.out.println("Object"); System.out.println(obj); } } Here, the output is String null Why does the JVM resolve the method to one with a String argument? Thanks in advance J

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  • question about php decode JSON

    - by cj333
    Hi, I still have some question about php decode JSON. the JSON return like this. all({"Total":30,"Debug":null,"Documents":[ { "DocTitle":"Image: A municipal police officer takes positio", "Docmultimedia":[ { "DocExpire":"2/7/2011 1:39:02 PM" } ] } ...] }); this is my php code: foreach ($data->Documents as $result) { echo htmlspecialchars($result->DocTitle).'<br />'; if(!empty($result->Docmultimedia)){ echo htmlspecialchars($result->Docmultimedia->DocExpire).'<br />'; } } It return Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach(). and echo htmlspecialchars($result->Docmultimedia->DocExpire), is it write right? Thanks all.

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  • elisp: call command on current file

    - by Jasie
    Hello, I want to set a key in emacs to perform a shell command on the file in the buffer, and revert the buffer without prompting. The shell command is: p4 edit 'currentfilename.ext' (global-set-key [\C-E] (funcall 'revert-buffer 1 1 1)) ;; my attempt above to call revert-buffer with a non-nil ;; argument (ignoring the shell command for now) -- get an init error: ;; Error in init file: error: "Buffer does not seem to be associated with any file" Completely new to elisp. From the emacs manual, here is the definition of revert-buffer: Command: revert-buffer &optional ignore-auto noconfirm preserve-modes Thanks!

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  • Portable Eclipse

    - by Jeach
    I'm trying to port my entire 'workspace' to a USB key (including the Eclipse executable) so that I can carry my work anywhere with me and work off the key directly. My directory hierarchy is similar to this: /workspace/eclipse - Where my current eclipse binary is stored /workspace/codebase - Where I keep the root of all my eclipse projects /workspace/resources - Where I keep all project files (images, docs, libs, etc.) It all works perfectly fine on one system. But when I change over to another system, the USB key gets mounted on another drive. For example, on my laptop, I get 'E:\', on my PC, I get 'K:\' and at work I get 'F:\', etc, etc. This means that because Eclipse (for 'some' reason) seems to only use full path names (including driver letters) in every single one of its configuration files (such as .classpath), nothing ever works when I want to work on another system. I put a 'libs' directory in the base of every project and populate it with its dependent JAR files. Why doesn't it use relative names instead, so that I could specify something like "../../libs/log4j.jar"? Anyone know how to fix this problem? Does anyone know of a workaround for this? For some reason, I really doubt I'm the first developer to do this! Thanks for your help and any suggestions.

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  • Multiple interfaces inhertience. Casting from one to another

    - by yossi1981
    Consider the following set of classes/Interfaces: class IFish{ public: virtual void eat() = 0; } class IFriendly{ public: virtual void protect() = 0; } class IAggresive{ public: virtual void attack(Point inDest) = 0; } class CDolphin : public IFish, IFriendly{ eat... protect.... } class CShark : public IFish, IAggresive{ eat.... attack... } Now I am having the following class void CDiver { Void shouldRunAway(IFish* fish) { //??? } } My question is , can "shouldRunAway" extract from the fish argument whether it is an IAggresive or IFreindly (if it is any of these at all...) is there some kind of casting that can help out?

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  • How to mock/stub a directory of files and their contents using RSpec?

    - by John Topley
    A while ago I asked "How to test obtaining a list of files within a directory using RSpec?" and although I got a couple of useful answers, I'm still stuck, hence a new question with some more detail about what I'm trying to do. I'm writing my first RubyGem. It has a module that contains a class method that returns an array containing a list of non-hidden files within a specified directory. Like this: files = Foo.bar :directory => './public' The array also contains an element that represents metadata about the files. This is actually a hash of hashes generated from the contents of the files, the idea being that changing even a single file changes the hash. I've written my pending RSpec examples, but I really have no idea how to implement them: it "should compute a hash of the files within the specified directory" it "shouldn't include hidden files or directories within the specified directory" it "should compute a different hash if the content of a file changes" I really don't want to have the tests dependent on real files acting as fixtures. How can I mock or stub the files and their contents? The gem implementation will use Find.find, but as one of the answers to my other question said, I don't need to test the library. I really have no idea how to write these specs, so any help much appreciated!

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  • Best tool for monitoring Coldfusion interoperability with .Net web service

    - by John Galt
    Is there a tool to see the message sent to webservice hosted on an IIS server? I have a webservice written in .Net and our ColdFusion people are having trouble building a "complex" parameter. This problem is described from a ColdFusion perspective at: adobe forum question It runs when called from a .net client. While hosted on a server inside our LAN, I put it out on a public server so the WSDL could be viewed: please take a quick look at this WSDL here When the CF developer runs her code, she gets: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch ...and I am wondering if there is a tool I could run on the server that hosts my webservice to see if it is even entering the WS or is being rejected by Java code that CF uses and is not really even getting to my webservice.

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  • Compiling C Source with Makefile in Windows

    - by humoeba
    I'm trying to compile a downloaded program in Windows. The program is usually run in Linux, but is programmed to also run in Windows (the code has #if defined(_WIN32)'s in it, and claims to work with borland free tools). When I try to use make from the command line, it tells me "Incorrect command line argument: -C". In the makefile, there are many lines that say "make -C" followed by a directory name. Does this syntax not work in Windows? What is a correct way to do this? Is there any way to compile this for native use in Windows with this makefile?

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  • Google Image search base url for non ajax usage

    - by Mikulas Dite
    I would like to use Google Image search, however I can't find the proper url anywhere. Examples always refer to the web search, not the image search. I do not want to use javascript, I need the iamge at server side. Please, do not simply post links to the API documentation, but preferably the url itself. (Or the missing url argument etc). http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/search/web This is a web search - no changing web to image/img doesn't work.

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  • Compiling a C++ application on Windows 7, but execute it on Win2003 Server

    - by dabs
    I have a C++ application (quite complex, multiple projects) in Visual Studio 2008, that produces a single dll. Recently I switched to Windows 7, but had previously been compiling under Windows XP. Suddenly the dll in question cannot be loaded by another application, i.e. on a machine running Windows 2003 Server. I've been trying various things: I've installed the VC9.0 redistributable package on the server Also copied various .dll's from that package to the application folder The project is of course compiled in release mode When I run depends.exe on the client machine, I do get the following error: "Error: The Side-by-Side configuration information for "my_dll.dll" contains errors. This application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem (14001). Warning: At least one module has an unresolved import due to a missing export function in a delay-load dependent module." and the icon for shlwapi.dll has a red overlay icon. This didn't happen when I was compiling under WinXP, so I'm guessing that there really is no problem with the .dll's on the client machine, but somewhere there is a reference to that particular version of some dll. Does anyone know what would be the best way to resolve this? Regards, Daníel

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  • jQuery: what is it "forbidden" to do in plain Javascript

    - by flybywire
    A jQuery best practices question. I am writing a very jQuery intensive web page. I am new to jQuery and notice its power, but as I come with heavy javascript experience and knowledge, my question is: What should be done in jQuery and what in plain javascript. For example, there are callbacks that send a plain DOM object as an argument. Should I use that or should I wrap it ( like $(this)). Does it matter if I do this.x=y or $(this).attr("x", y).

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  • how free of memory happen in this case???

    - by Riyaz
    #include <stdio.h> void func(int arr[],int xNumOfElem) { int j; for(j=0; j<xNumOfElem; j++) { arr[j] = j + arr[j]; printf("%d\t",arr[j]); } printf("\n"); } int main() { int *a,k; a = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)*10); for(k = 0; k<10; k++) { a[k] = k; printf("%d\t",a[k]); } printf("\n"); func(a,10); //Func call free(a); } Inside the the function "func" who will allocate/deallocate memory for dynamic array "arr". arr is an function argument.

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  • Where to add an overloaded operator for the tr1::array?

    - by phlipsy
    Since I need to add an operator& for the std::tr1::array<bool, N> I wrote the following lines template<std::size_t N> std::tr1::array<bool, N> operator& (const std::tr1::array<bool, N>& a, const std::tr1::array<bool, N>& b) { std::tr1::array<bool, N> result; std::transform(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), result.begin(), std::logical_and<bool>()); return result; } Now I don't know in which namespace I've to put this function. I considered the std namespace as a restricted area. Only total specialization and overloaded function templates are allowed to be added by the user. Putting it into the global namespace isn't "allowed" either in order to prevent pollution of the global namespace and clashes with other declarations. And finally putting this function into the namespace of the project doesn't work since the compiler won't find it there. What had I best do? I don't want to write a new array class putted into the project namespace. Because in this case the compiler would find the right namespace via argument dependent name lookup. Or is this the only possible way because writing a new operator for existing classes means extending their interfaces and this isn't allowed either for standard classes?

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  • php class basic question

    - by Ross
    hi <?php class myClass { var $input; var $output; function myClass($input) { $output = 'You entered: ' . $input; return $output; } } $test = new myClass; echo $test->myClass(123); ?> this works, but returns this warning: Warning: Missing argument 1 for myClass::myClass() I read in to this, and seems that the constructor is expecting a value, so by adding: function myClass($input='') the warning is removed, but this seems so unnecessary? could someone enlighten me as to why it's required to define a value to prevent that warning? thanks for any pointers

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  • When destroying one record, another one gets destroyed

    - by normalocity
    Products (like an iPod Classic) :has_many = :listings, :dependent = :destroy Listings (like "My name is Joe, and I have an iPod for sale) :belongs_to = :product So, if I delete a given Product, all the listings that point to it get deleted. That makes sense, and is by design. However, I am writing a "merge" function, where you merge two Products into one, and combine their Listings. So, let's say my two products are "iPod Color" and "iPod Classic", and I want to merge the two. What I want to do is say, "iPod Color, merge into iPod Classic", and result should be that: All the iPod Color Listings are re-pointed to the iPod Classic product After the product_id change, the Listing(s) are saved I then delete the "iPod Color" product Well, that should all work fine, without deleting any Listings. However, I've got this controller, and for whatever reason when I destroy the "iPod Color" Product, even after confirming that the Listings have been moved to "iPod Classic" and saved to the database, the Listings that were previously pointed to "iPod Color" get destroyed as well, and I can't figure out why. It's as if they are retaining some kind of link to the destroyed product, and therefore begin destroyed themselves. What painfully obvious thing am I missing? def merge merging_from = Product.find(params[:id]) merging_to = Product.find_by_model(params[:merging_to]) unless merging_to.nil? unless merging_from.nil? unless merging_from == merging_to # you don't want to merge something with itself merging_from.listings.each do |l| l.product = merging_to l.save end # through some debugging, I've confirmed that my missing Listings are disappearing as a result of the following destroy call merging_from.destroy end end end

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  • C# - Why can't I enforce derived classes to have parameterless constructors?

    - by FrisbeeBen
    I am trying to do the following: public class foo<T> where T : bar, new { _t = new T(); private T _t; } public abstract class bar { public abstract void someMethod(); // Some implementation } public class baz : bar { public overide someMethod(){//Implementation} } And I am attempting to use it as follows: foo<baz> fooObject = new foo<baz>(); And I get an error explaining that 'T' must be a non-abstract type with a public parameterless constructor in order to use it as parameter 'T' in the generic type or method. I fully understand why this must be, and also understand that I could pass a pre-initialized object of type 'T' in as a constructor argument to avoid having to 'new' it, but is there any way around this? any way to enforce classes that derive from 'bar' to supply parameterless constructors?

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