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• Most secure way to access my home Linux server while I am on the road? Specialized solution wanted

  - by Ace Paus

  I think many people may be in my situation. I travel on business with a laptop. And I need secure access to files from the office (which in my case is my home). The short version of my question: How can I make SSH/SFTP really secure when only one person needs to connect to the server from one laptop? In this situation, what special steps would make it almost impossible for anyone else to get online access to the server? A lot more details: I use Ubuntu Linux on both my laptop (KDE) and my home/office server. Connectivity is not a problem. I can tether to my phone's connection if needed. I need access to a large number of files (around 300 GB). I don't need all of them at once, but I don't know in advance which files I might need. These files contain confidential client info and personal info such as credit card numbers, so they must be secure. Given this, I don't want store all these files on Dropbox or Amazon AWS, or similar. I couldn't justify that cost anyway (Dropbox don't even publish prices for plans above 100 GB, and security is a concern). However, I am willing to spend some money on a proper solution. A VPN service, for example, might be part of the solution? Or other commercial services? I've heard about PogoPlug, but I don't know if there is a similar service that might address my security concerns? I could copy all my files to my laptop because it has the space. But then I have to sync between my home computer and my laptop and I found in the past that I'm not very good about doing this. And if my laptop is lost or stolen, my data would be on it. The laptop drive is an SSD and encryption solutions for SSD drives are not good. Therefore, it seems best to keep all my data on my Linux file server (which is safe at home). Is that a reasonable conclusion, or is anything connected to the Internet such a risk that I should just copy the data to the laptop (and maybe replace the SSD with an HDD, which reduces battery life and performance)? I view the risks of losing a laptop to be higher. I am not an obvious hacking target online. My home broadband is cable Internet, and it seems very reliable. So I want to know the best (reasonable) way to securely access my data (from my laptop) while on the road. I only need to access it from this one computer, although I may connect from either my phone's 3G/4G or via WiFi or some client's broadband, etc. So I won't know in advance which IP address I'll have. I am leaning toward a solution based on SSH and SFTP (or similar). SSH/SFTP would provided about all the functionality I anticipate needing. I would like to use SFTP and Dolphin to browse and download files. I'll use SSH and the terminal for anything else. My Linux file server is set up with OpenSSH. I think I have SSH relatively secured. I'm using Denyhosts too. But I want to go several steps further. I want to get the chances that anyone can get into my server as close to zero as possible while still allowing me to get access from the road. I'm not a sysadmin or programmer or real "superuser". I have to spend most of my time doing other things. I've heard about "port knocking" but I have never used it and I don't know how to implement it (although I'm willing to learn). I have already read a number of articles with titles such as: Top 20 OpenSSH Server Best Security Practices 20 Linux Server Hardening Security Tips Debian Linux Stop SSH User Hacking / Cracking Attacks with DenyHosts Software more... I have not implemented every single thing I've read about. I probably can't do that. But maybe there is something even better I can do in my situation because I only need access from a single laptop. I'm just one user. My server does not need to be accessible to the general public. Given all these facts, I'm hoping I can get some suggestions here that are within my capability to implement and that leverage these facts to create a great deal better security than general purpose suggestions in the articles above.

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• Windows telling me, the local security authority is internally inconsistent upon mounting a network drive

  - by acme

  Since ages I've mounted a network share (via samba to a Linux machine) in Windows 7 to access it via drive letter. This worked flawlessly so far. Until now. Suddenly I couldn't access the drive anymore. Windows was telling me the network name (I didn't remember the exact term) was already in use. So I disconnected and tried to connect again: net use Y: \\10.10.10.208\work After a long time I get a message saying "The Local Security Authority (LSA) database contains an internal inconsistency" A restart didn't help. The mapped share is accessible (works on other machines in the same network), so obviously something strange is going on on my machine. Can anyone tell me how I can fix this inconsistency? Update: All machines that have saved the login information refuse with this error. So it must be something with the authorization. When I use net use Y: \\10.10.10.208\work /user:raphael it prompts me for the password and then returns that error message.

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• BNF – how to read syntax?

  - by Piotr Rodak

  A few days ago I read post of Jen McCown (blog) about her idea of blogging about random articles from Books Online. I think this is a great idea, even if Jen says that it’s not exciting or sexy. I noticed that many of the questions that appear on forums and other media arise from pure fact that people asking questions didn’t bother to read and understand the manual – Books Online. Jen came up with a brilliant, concise acronym that describes very well the category of posts about Books Online – RTFM365. I take liberty of tagging this post with the same acronym. I often come across questions of type – ‘Hey, i am trying to create a table, but I am getting an error’. The error often says that the syntax is invalid. 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT DEFAULT Guid_Default NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); 5 The answer is usually(1), ‘Ok, let me check it out.. Ah yes – you have to put name of the DEFAULT constraint before the type of constraint: 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT Guid_Default DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); Why many people stumble on syntax errors? Is the syntax poorly documented? No, the issue is, that correct syntax of the CREATE TABLE statement is documented very well in Books Online and is.. intimidating. Many people can be taken aback by the rather complex block of code that describes all intricacies of the statement. However, I don’t know better way of defining syntax of the statement or command. The notation that is used to describe syntax in Books Online is a form of Backus-Naur notatiion, called BNF for short sometimes. This is a notation that was invented around 50 years ago, and some say that even earlier, around 400 BC – would you believe? Originally it was used to define syntax of, rather ancient now, ALGOL programming language (in 1950’s, not in ancient India). If you look closer at the definition of the BNF, it turns out that the principles of this syntax are pretty simple. Here are a few bullet points: italic_text is a placeholder for your identifier <italic_text_in_angle_brackets> is a definition which is described further. [everything in square brackets] is optional {everything in curly brackets} is obligatory everything | separated | by | operator is an alternative ::= “assigns” definition to an identifier Yes, it looks like these six simple points give you the key to understand even the most complicated syntax definitions in Books Online. Books Online contain an article about syntax conventions – have you ever read it? Let’s have a look at fragment of the CREATE TABLE statement: 1 CREATE TABLE 2 [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name 3 ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition> 4 | <column_set_definition> } 5 [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] ) 6 [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup 7 | "default" } ] 8 [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ] 9 [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup 10 | "default" } ] 11 [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ] 12 [ ; ] Let’s look at line 2 of the above snippet: This line uses rules 3 and 5 from the list. So you know that you can create table which has specified one of the following. just name – table will be created in default user schema schema name and table name – table will be created in specified schema database name, schema name and table name – table will be created in specified database, in specified schema database name, .., table name – table will be created in specified database, in default schema of the user. Note that this single line of the notation describes each of the naming schemes in deterministic way. The ‘optionality’ of the schema_name element is nested within database_name.. section. You can use either database_name and optional schema name, or just schema name – this is specified by the pipe character ‘|’. The error that user gets with execution of the first script fragment in this post is as follows: Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'DEFAULT'. Ok, let’s have a look how to find out the correct syntax. Line number 3 of the BNF fragment above contains reference to <column_definition>. Since column_definition is in angle brackets, we know that this is a reference to notion described further in the code. And indeed, the very next fragment of BNF contains syntax of the column definition. 1 <column_definition> ::= 2 column_name <data_type> 3 [ FILESTREAM ] 4 [ COLLATE collation_name ] 5 [ NULL | NOT NULL ] 6 [ 7 [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ] 8 | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 9 ] 10 [ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ] 11 [ SPARSE ] Look at line 7 in the above fragment. It says, that the column can have a DEFAULT constraint which, if you want to name it, has to be prepended with [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] sequence. The name of the constraint is optional, but I strongly recommend you to make the effort of coming up with some meaningful name yourself. So the correct syntax of the CREATE TABLE statement from the beginning of the article is like this: 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT Guid_Default DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); That is practically everything you should know about BNF. I encourage you to study the syntax definitions for various statements and commands in Books Online, you can find really interesting things hidden there. Technorati Tags: SQL Server,t-sql,BNF,syntax   (1) No, my answer usually is a question – ‘What error message? What does it say?’. You’d be surprised to know how many people think I can go through time and space and look at their screen at the moment they received the error.

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• I have Oracle SQL Developer Installed, Now What?

  - by thatjeffsmith

  If you’re here because you downloaded a copy of Oracle SQL Developer and now you need help connecting to a database, then you’re in the right place. I’ll show you what you need to get up and going so you can finish your homework, teach yourself Oracle database, or get ready for that job interview. You’ll need about 30 minutes to set everything up…and about 5 years to become proficient with Oracle Oracle Database come with SQL Developer but SQL Developer doesn’t include a database If you install Oracle database, it includes a copy of SQL Developer. If you’re running that copy of SQL Developer, please take a second to upgrade now, as it is WAY out of date. But I’m here to talk to the folks that have downloaded SQL Developer and want to know what to do next. You’ve got it running. You see this ‘Connection’ dialog, and… Where am I connecting to, and who as? You NEED a database Installing SQL Developer does not give you a database. So you’re going to need to install Oracle and create a database, or connect to a database that is already up and running somewhere. Basically you need to know the following: where is this database, what’s it called, and what port is the listener running on? The Default Connection properties in SQL Developer These default settings CAN work, but ONLY if you have installed Oracle Database Express Edition (XE). Localhost is a network alias for 127.0.0.1 which is an IP address that maps to the ‘local’ machine, or the machine you are reading this blog post on. The listener is a service that runs on the server and handles connections for the databases on that machine. You can run a database without a listener and you can run a listener without a database, but you can’t connect to a database on a different server unless both that database and listener are up and running. Each listener ‘listens’ on one or more ports, you need to know the port number for each connection. The default port is 1521, but 1522 is often pretty common. I know all of this sounds very complicated Oracle is a very sophisticated piece of software. It’s not analogous to downloading a mobile phone app and and using it 10 seconds later. It’s not like installing Office/Access either – it requires services, environment setup, kernel tweaks, etc. However. Normally an administrator will setup and install Oracle, create the database, and configure the listener for everyone else to use. They’ll often also setup the connection details for everyone via a ‘TNSNAMES.ORA’ file. This file contains a list of database connection details for folks to browse – kind of like an Oracle database phoneboook. If someone has given you a TNSNAMES.ORA file, or setup your machine to have access to a TNSNAMES file, then you can just switch to the ‘TNS’ connection type, and use the dropdown to select the database you want to connect to. Then you don’t have to worry about the server names, database names, and the port numbers. ORCL – that sounds promising! ORCL is the default SID when creating a new database with the Database Creation Assistant (DBCA). It’s just me, and I need help! No administrator, no database, no nothing. What do you do? You have a few options: Buy a copy of Oracle and download, install, and create a database Download and install XE (FREE!) Download, import, and run our Developer Days Hands-on-Lab (FREE!) If you’re a student (or anyone else) with little to no experience with Oracle, then I recommend the third option. Oracle Technology Network Developer Day: Hands-on Database Application Development Lab The OTN lab runs on a A Virtual Box image which contains: 11gR2 Enterprise Edition copy of Oracle a database and listener running for you to connect to lots of demo data for you to play with SQL Developer installed and ready to connect Some browser based labs you can step through to learn Oracle You download the image, you download and install Virtual Box (also FREE!), then you IMPORT the image you previously downloaded. You then ‘Start’ the image. It will boot a copy of Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL), start your database, and all that jazz. You can then start up and run SQL Developer inside the image OR you can connect to the database running on the image using the copy of SQL Developer you installed on your host machine. Setup Port Forwarding to Make It Easy to Connect From Your Host When you start the image, it will be assigned an IP address. Depending on what network adapter you select in the image preferences, you may get something that can get out to the internet from your image, something your host machine can see and connect to, or something that kind of just lives out there in a vacuum. You want to avoid the ‘vacuum’ option – unless you’re OK with running SQL Developer inside the Linux image. Open the Virtual Box image properties and go to the Networking options. We’re going to setup port forwarding. This will tell your machine that anything that happens on port 1521 (the default Oracle Listener port), should just go to the image’s port 1521. So I can connect to ‘localhost’ and it will magically get transferred to the image that is running. Oracle Virtual Box Port Forwarding 1521 listener database Now You Just Need a Username and Password The default passwords on this image are all ‘oracle’ – so you can connect as SYS, HR, or whatever – just use ‘oracle’ as the password. The Linux passowrds are all ‘oracle’ too, so you can login as ‘root’ or as ‘oracle’ in the Linux desktop. Connect! Connect as HR to your Oracle database running on the OTN Developer Days Virtual Box image If you’re connecting to someone else’s database, you need to ask the person that manages that environment to create for you an account. Don’t try to ‘guess’ or ‘figure out’ what the username and password is. Introduce yourself, explain your situation, and ask kindly for access. This is your first test – can you connect? I know it’s hard to get started with Oracle. There are however many things we offer to make this easier. You’ll need to do a bit of RTM first though. Once you know what’s required, you will be much more likely to succeed. Of course, if you need help, you know where to find me

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• Load Testing a Security/Gateway Appliance

  - by Joel Coel

  In a couple weeks I will load testing a security/gateway appliance. We're a small residential college, and that "residential" means the traffic moving through the appliance is a bit like the Wild West. We have everything from Facebook to World of Warcraft, BitTorrent to Netflix, or Halo to YouTube... basically anything you might find in the home of a high-school or college aged person. Somewhere in there some real academic work gets done as well. We rely on our current appliance for traffic shaping, antivirus, malware filtering, intrusion detection on our servers, logging and abuse reporting, and even some content filtering. All this puts a decent load when we have students around, and I'm concerned about the ability of the new candidate to keep up. On paper it should handle things, but I'm worried. Prior experience is that vendors greatly over-report what an appliance can handle. The product also includes a licensed session limit, and I'm also worried that just a few misbehaving students could unwittingly bring us to that limit and cause service disruptions. I need to know this will work for our campus in order to commit to it. Going a performance level higher in that product takes the pricing way out of line with what we expect and have done in the past. What I need is a good way to load test this guy. My problem is that our current level of summer traffic is less than one percent of what it will be when students come back just six weeks from now. Any ideas on how to really stress this thing and see what it can do, in a way that will give me some clear ideas o. How that will scale for our campus? For the curious, I'm looking at a Watchguard 515, but it could be anything. If I were evaluating a competitor, I'd ask the same question.

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• How to detach a sql server 2008 database that is not in database list?

  - by Amir

  I installed SQL Server 2008 on Windows 7. Then I created a database. After 2 days I reinstalled Windows and SQL Server. Now I am trying to attach my database file, but I have encountered the error below. I think that the files are like an attached file and I can't attach them. What is difference between an attached file and a non-attached file? How can I attach this file? Please Help Me. Error Text: TITLE: Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Attach database failed for Server 'AMIR-PC'. (Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo) For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&ProdVer=10.50.1600.1+((KJ_RTM).100402-1540+)&EvtSrc=Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ExceptionTemplates.FailedOperationExceptionText&EvtID=Attach+database+Server&LinkId=20476 ------------------------------ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: An exception occurred while executing a Transact-SQL statement or batch. (Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo) Unable to open the physical file "F:\Company.mdf". Operating system error 5: "5(Access is denied.)". (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 5120) For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&ProdVer=10.50.1600&EvtSrc=MSSQLServer&EvtID=5120&LinkId=20476

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• /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

  - by Flavius Akerele

  I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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• /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

  - by Flavius Akerele

  I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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• Notebook Operating System with extreme support cycles/security updates

  - by leto

  Hello there, after reading the announcements about Mac OS X "Lion" and Apples political decision, I've had enough. I'm a longtime Apple User since 1992, have always felt at home there, but am trying to switch to alternative Operating System since a year. I've also been working with Unix machines since 2001, so I'm looking in one of the free Unices or a Linux. Since I last looked at the desktop in 2002 choke much has changed, it seems. So I'm lost once more in the war between desktop environments and software. To be honest: I don't care what it's name is, I want to get my job done. Here's what I set me as landmark for an operating system/software to be considered: Has to be atleast four years old Has to supply security updates for current release for atleast a year Production quality stability for the whole desktop environment (!) No f****g commercial stuff that tends to supply me with privacy invading App Store or Cloud space So far I'm running a MacBook from 2007, 4 Gig memory, 250 Gig disk and I need: IMAPs for Mail since 1995 Webbrowser sic Shell Keeping current with Updates/Upgrades with no more than 5 Minutes spent in entering commands (makes it hard for OpenBSD ;-) ) A desktop filemanger would be nice, but is a bonus. What can you suggest as operating system? The one with the longest support cycles and best chance to survive the next 10 years will win a new user, even sending patches when needed :-) Greets

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• samba joined to AD canot see users when in the security tab on client

  - by Jonathan

  I've got samba joined via kerberos and winbindd to our AD network and user authentication and everything else is working great. However when I try to add users/groups to file permissions it tells me they are not found. All the users groups show up fine with getent so I'm not sure why they are not showing up. Here is my smb.conf and I would much appreciate any help with this. #GLOBAL PARAMETERS [global] socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_RCVBUF=11264 SO_SNDBUF=11264 workgroup = [hidden] realm = [hidden] preferred master = no server string = xerxes web/file server security = ADS encrypt passwords = yes log level = 3 log file = /var/log/samba/%m max log size = 50 printcap name = cups printing = cups winbind enum users = Yes winbind enum groups = Yes winbind use default domain = Yes winbind nested groups = Yes winbind separator = + winbind refresh tickets = yes idmap uid = 1600-20000 idmap gid = 1600-20000 template primary group = "Domain Users" template shell = /bin/bash kerberos method = system keytab nt acl support = yes [homes] comment = Home Direcotries valid users = %S read only = No browseable = No create mask = 0770 directory mask = 0770 force create mode = 0660 force directory mode = 2770 inherit owner = no [test] comment = Test path=/mnt/test writeable=yes valid users = %s create mask = 0770 directory mask = 0770 force create mode = 0660 force directory mode = 2770 inherit owner = no [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/cups browseable = no printable = yes

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• "Security Warning" comes up when I run via another program

  - by Alexander Bird

  If I execute vmmap from the command line it works fine. However, if I call some other program and pass vmmap as a paramater for this other program to start the execution, then I get this "security error" popup -- which makes it hard to automate scripts. In other words, I want to wrap vmmap via another program. In my case, I want to wrap vmmap via another program because whenever vmmap runs, it will bring a window up momentarily and then disappear. So I try passing vmmap as an argument to another program which will start the program "headlessly". I tried this program and this program, and in both cases I get the same popup which defeats the purpose of automation. Why does this happen when the program isn't run directly? Does anyone know the internals of what this warning is? And, utlimately, is there a way to stop this from happening, but only for this instance? I don't want to disable this warning-system on my whole computer. EDIT: I am using Windows Server 2003, and I don't necessarily need solutions for other platforms, but I would like to know what they are if they are platform-dependent solutions.

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• Site resolves fine without "www", "www" creates database error

  - by PatrickS

  Working with BOA ( Barracuda / Octopus / Aegir ) , I've installed a few Drupal sites without any problems and following the same process for all. BOA is running on Nginx. All sites are going thru Cloudflare's network , where I set the same DNS settings. A example.com points to IPADDRESS A www points to IPADDRESS the nameservers of each domain are pointing to Cloudflare's respective nameservers. It all works , except for one site that works perfectly without "www" , but with "www" returns the typical database error if Drupal can't find the site's database. Site off-line The site is currently not available due to technical problems. Please try again later. Thank you for your understanding. If you are the maintainer of this site, please check your database settings in the settings.php file and ensure that your hosting provider's database server is running. For more help, see the handbook, or contact your hosting provider. In BOA, all sites have the same alias, basically a symlink, redirecting like this... www.example.com - example.com

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• Additional Security Measures for Syslog over SSH

  - by Eric

  I'm currently working on setting up some secure syslog connections between a few Fedora servers. This is my currently setup 192.168.56.110 (syslog-server) <---- 192.168.57.110 (syslog-agent) From the agent, I am running this command: ssh -fnNTx -L 1514:127.0.0.1:514 [email protected] This works just fine. I have rsyslog on the syslog-agent pointing to @@127.0.0.1:1514 and it forwards everything to the server correctly on port 514 via the tunnel. My issue is, I want to be able to lock this down. I am going to use ssh keys so this is automated because there will be multiple agents talking to the server. Here are my concerns. Someone getting on the syslog-agent and logging into the server directly. I have taken care of this by ensuring that syslog_user has a shell of /sbin/nologin so that user can't get a shell at all. I don't want someone to be able to tunnel another port over ssh. Ex. - 6666:127.0.0.1:21. I know my first line of defense against this is to just not have anything listening on those ports and it's not an issue. However I want to be able to lock this down somehow. Are there any sshd_config settings on the server that I can use to make it where only port 514 can be tunneled over ssh? Are there any other major security concerns I'm overlooking at this point? Thanks in advance for your help/comments.

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• Loading a big database dump into PostgreSQL using cat

  - by RussH

  I have a pair of very large (~17 GB) database dumps that I want to load into postgresql 9.3. After installing the database packages, learning more or less how to use them, and fiddling around a little on various StackExchange pages (particularly this question), it looks like a proper command for me to use is something like: cat mydb.pgdump | psql mydb because of the format the dump is in. My machine has 16 GB of RAM, and I'm not familiar with the cat command but I do know that my RAM is 99% exhausted and the database is taking a while to load. My machine isn't non-responsive to the point of hanging; I can run other commands in other terminal windows and have them execute at a reasonable clip, but I am wondering if cat is the best way to pipe in the file or if something else is more efficient? My concern is that maybe cat could be using up all the RAM so the database doesn't have much to work with, throttling its performance. But I'm new to thinking about RAM issues like this and don't know if I'm worrying about nothing. Now that I think about it, this seems to be more of a question about cat and its memory usage than anything else. If there is a more appropriate forum for this question please let me know. Thanks!

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• Server 2008 R2 & Domain Trusts - Attempt to Compromise Security

  - by SnAzBaZ

  We have two separate Active Directory domains; EUROPE and US. There is a two way trust between the domains / forests. I have a group of users called "USA Staff" that have access to certain shares on servers in the EUROPE domain and a group called "EUROPE Staff" which have access to shares in the USA domain. Recently the USA PDC was upgraded to Windows Server 2008 R2. Now when I try to access a share on a USA server from a Windows 7 workstation in the EUROPE domain I get the "Please enter your username / password" dialog box appear, with a message at the bottom: "The system has detected a possible attempt to compromise security." When I enter a username / password for a user in the USA domain, I can then access the network resource. Entering credentials for a EUROPE user however does not give me access, even though my NTFS and Share permissions are set to allow that. Windows Server 2003 / Windows Server 2008 did not have this problem, it seems to be unique to R2. I found KB938457 and opened up port 88 on the Server 2008 R2 firewall but it did not make any difference. Any other suggestions as to what to turn off in R2 to get this working again ? Thanks

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• Windows 7 - ignore security when reading external drive

  - by w-

  hi, My system hard drive on an XP computer kind of failed (random corrupt sectors). So i got a new harddrive and am trying to recover the files. The filesystem is NTFS. The system i'm trying to use when recovering the files is Windows 7. I'm obviously an admin on this box. The last data i'm trying to recover is stuff in the Documents and Settings folder. I'm using a SATA to a USB cable thingy so that I just plug it in as an External Hard Drive. The problem: In Windows Explorer when i try to copy the data, I keep getting prompted with Security warnings and error messages. It keeps telling me i have to change the owner permissions of the folder and all it's contents. If i tell it to change all the files and folder permissions it takes a really long time because it has to recurse through all the folder contents to change the permissions. Is there a way for me to ignore the file permissions when doing this? thanks

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• Restore a database with LDF file only

  - by Martin

  First of all, i know how stupid it is not to have a any backup. I can't help it, but i have to (try) to solve it. I have a transaction log (LDF) file from a SQL Server 2000 database that contains all transactions since the creation of the database. No truncation has been done. The MDF file is gone. Probably because of some disk failure. There is no backup. Not from the original database and not from the transaction log. I have tried to link the transaction log to a new clean database. But (ofcourse) that failed because SQL Server checks the identity of both files. I have read about software that can read the transaction log. ApexSQL seems to do that. I tried to install the trial version but it gives weird errors when trying to start the program. Anyone knows a solution for me? It may contain third party software, but i prefer a clean SQL Server solution.

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• Drive security settings in Windows 8 Pro

  - by Donotalo

  My PC OS is Windows 8 Pro x64. Windows 8 seems confusing. D:\ drive is supposed to be used solely by a single user, who is in Users group of the PC. The requirement is... that user will have full control of D drive. Admins will have full control of D drive. All other users can only list drive contents. No file could be opened. My account is admin account. From D drive's property Security tab, I've set the following: Allow "List folder contents" for Authenticated Users group. Allow "Full control" for SYSTEM. Allow "Full control" to specific user, who's supposed to use the drive. Allow "Full control" for Administrators group of the computer. Allow "List folder contents" for Users group. After setting this up, the specific user have full control of D drive. No other user can open any file on D drive. But though my account is an admin account, no file on D drive could be opened from my account! Why is this happening and how files can be opened from my account? Note: All accounts in this PC are local accounts.

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• validate weblogic security realm user through java

  - by user1877246

  i have installed weblogic '10.3.4.0' and have created a user in the default security realm 'myrealm'. The authenticator is DefaultAuthenticator. Now, I have to authenticate the user through a stand alone java application. But the application is resposning with 'LDAP: error code 49 - Invalid Credentials': CODE-START ** Properties l_props = new Properties(); LdapContext l_ctx = null; l_props.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory"); l_props.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "ldap://localhost:7001"); l_props.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple"); l_props.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "cn=username"); l_props.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "password"); l_ctx = new InitialLdapContext(l_props, null); ** CODE-END ** * ERROR-START * javax.naming.AuthenticationException: [LDAP: error code 49 - Invalid Credentials] at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtx.mapErrorCode(LdapCtx.java:3041) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtx.processReturnCode(LdapCtx.java:2987) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtx.processReturnCode(LdapCtx.java:2789) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtx.connect(LdapCtx.java:2703) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtx.(LdapCtx.java:293) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory.getUsingURL(LdapCtxFactory.java:175) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory.getUsingURLs(LdapCtxFactory.java:193) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory.getLdapCtxInstance(LdapCtxFactory.java:136) at com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory.getInitialContext(LdapCtxFactory.java:66) at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getInitialContext(NamingManager.java:667) at javax.naming.InitialContext.getDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:288) at javax.naming.InitialContext.init(InitialContext.java:223) at javax.naming.ldap.InitialLdapContext.(InitialLdapContext.java:134) at com.iflex.fcat.misc.TestLDAP.createInitialLdapContext(TestLDAP.java:258) at com.iflex.fcat.misc.TestLDAP.authenticate(TestLDAP.java:170) at com.iflex.fcat.misc.TestLDAP.main(TestLDAP.java:125) ERROR-END

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• SQLite3 table not accepting INSERT INTO statements. The table is created, and so is the database, but nothing is passed into it

  - by user1460029

  <?php try { //open the database $db = new PDO('sqlite:music.db'); $db->exec("DELETE from Music;"); $db->exec("INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Whatd I Say', 'Ray Charles', '1956');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Smells Like Teen Spirit.', 'Nirvana', '1991');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Hey Jude', 'The Beatles', '1968');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Johnny B. Goode', 'Chuck Berry', '1958');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Good Vibrations', 'The Beach Boys', '1966');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Respect', 'Aretha Franklin', '1967');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Whats Going On', 'Marvin Gaye', '1971');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Imagine', 'John Lennon', '1971');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('(I Cant Get No) Satisfaction', 'Rolling Stones', '1965');" . "INSERT INTO Music(Title, Author, ReleaseDate) VALUES ('Like A Rolling Stone', 'Bob Dylan', '1965');"); //now output the data to a simple html table... //example of specifier --> WHERE First=\'Josh\'; <-- print "<table border=1>"; print "<tr><td>Title</td><td>Author</td><td>Y.O.P.</td></tr>"; $result = $db->query('SELECT * FROM Music '); foreach($result as $row) { print "<td>".$row['Title']."</td>"; print "<td>".$row['Author']."</td>"; print "<td>".$row['ReleaseDate']."</td></tr>"; } print "</table>"; $db = NULL; } catch(PDOException $e) { print 'Exception : '.$e->getMessage(); } ?> I am not sure why nothing is being inserted into the table. The file 'music.db' exists in the right path. For the record, I can only use SQlite3, no SQL allowed. PHP is allowed, so is SQLite3.

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• How to best transfer large payloads of data using wsHttp with WCF with message security

  - by jpierson

  I have a case where I need to transfer large amounts of serialized object graphs (via NetDataContractSerializer) using WCF using wsHttp. I'm using message security and would like to continue to do so. Using this setup I would like to transfer serialized object graph which can sometimes approach around 300MB or so but when I try to do so I've started seeing a exception of type System.InsufficientMemoryException appear. After a little research it appears that by default in WCF that a result to a service call is contained within a single message by default which contains the serialized data and this data is buffered by default on the server until the whole message is completely written. Thus the memory exception is being caused by the fact that the server is running out of memory resources that it is allowed to allocate because that buffer is full. The two main recommendations that I've come across are to use streaming or chunking to solve this problem however it is not clear to me what that involves and whether either solution is possible with my current setup (wsHttp/NetDataContractSerializer/Message Security). So far I understand that to use streaming message security would not work because message encryption and decryption need to work on the whole set of data and not a partial message. Chunking however sounds like it might be possible however it is not clear to me how it would be done with the other constraints that I've listed. If anybody could offer some guidance on what solutions are available and how to go about implementing it I would greatly appreciate it. Related resources: Chunking Channel How to: Enable Streaming Large attachments over WCF Custom Message Encoder Another spotting of InsufficientMemoryException I'm also interested in any type of compression that could be done on this data but it looks like I would probably be best off doing this at the transport level once I can transition into .NET 4.0 so that the client will automatically support the gzip headers if I understand this properly.

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• remote database connection with my iphone application using cocos2d

  - by Rana

  MCPResult *theResult; MCPConnection *mySQLConnection; //initialize connection string vars NSString *dbURL = @"192.168.0.16"; NSString *userName = @""; NSString *pass = @""; int port = 3306; //open connection to database mySQLConnection = [[MCPConnection alloc] initToHost: dbURL withLogin:userName password:pass usingPort:port]; if ([mySQLConnection isConnected]) { NSLog(@"The connection to database was successfull"); } else { NSLog(@"The connection to database was failed"); } //selection to database if([mySQLConnection selectDB:@"blackjack_DB"]) { NSLog(@"Database found"); } else { NSLog(@"Database not found"); } //selection to Table theResult = [mySQLConnection queryString:@"select * from test"]; //theResult = [mySQLConnection queryString:@"select * from test where id='1'"]; //theResult = [mySQLConnection queryString:@"select id from test"]; //theResult = [mySQLConnection queryString:@"select name from test where pass='main_pass'"]; NSArray *m= [theResult fetchRowAsArray]; NSLog(@"%@", m); NSLog(@"%@", [m objectAtIndex:2]); Use this code for connecting & receive information from remotedatabase. And also use some framework. AppKit.framework, Cocoa.framework, Carbon.framework, MCPKit_bundled.framework. But stile i didn't connect my application with remort database.

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• Invalid security validation exception inside a SharePoint workflow

  - by Dan Revell

  I'm having a strange security problem with a SharePoint workflow. Particular calls seem to result in the following exception: Microsoft.SharePoint.SPException: The security validation for this page is invalid. I've come across this error before and the simple fix is web.AllowUnsafeUpdates = true; ... web.AllowUnsafeUpdates = false; However I've never once encountered this problem inside a workflow before since a workflow runs as system. I first got this error in a code activity where I set the value of a column on the list item. Wrapping the item.Update in AllowUnsafeUpdates fixed it. After the code activity I have a CreateTask activity. This also causes the same error but only after running the code inside the activity's MethodInvoking. In both cases there's a SPListItem.UpdateItem involved within the stack trace. This call is failing a security check. I don't know anything about how this check works so I don't know where to look next. This is a strange one, because this SharePoint dev machine has been working fine for some time. No other projects or workflows exhibit this behaviour so that rules out an installation problem. There's just something about this particular workflow. [UPDATE] I've gotten around the issue by just creating a new project and building it up again. I still have the broken one and I'd still like to figure out the problem with it. I'd appreciate any suggestions of what it might be.

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• MessageSecurityException: The security header element 'Timestamp' with the '' id must be signed

  - by NiklasN

  I'm asking the same question here that I've already asked on msdn forums http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/netfxnetcom/thread/70f40a4c-8399-4629-9bfc-146524334daf I'm consuming a (most likely Java based) Web Service with I have absolutely no access to modify. It won't be modified even though I would ask them (it's a nation wide system). I've written the client with WCF. Here's some code: CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding(); AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement element = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10); element.AllowSerializedSigningTokenOnReply = true; element.SetKeyDerivation(false); element.IncludeTimestamp = true; element.KeyEntropyMode = SecurityKeyEntropyMode.ClientEntropy; element.MessageProtectionOrder = System.ServiceModel.Security.MessageProtectionOrder.SignBeforeEncrypt; element.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = new CustomIdentityVerifier(); element.SecurityHeaderLayout = SecurityHeaderLayout.Lax; element.IncludeTimestamp = false; binding.Elements.Add(element); binding.Elements.Add(new TextMessageEncodingBindingElement(MessageVersion.Soap11, Encoding.UTF8)); binding.Elements.Add(new HttpsTransportBindingElement()); EndpointAddress address = new EndpointAddress(new Uri("url")); ChannelFactory<MyPortTypeChannel> factory = new ChannelFactory<MyPortTypeChannel>(binding, address); ClientCredentials credentials = factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Find<ClientCredentials>(); credentials.ClientCertificate.Certificate = myClientCert; credentials.ServiceCertificate.DefaultCertificate = myServiceCert; credentials.ServiceCertificate.Authentication.CertificateValidationMode = X509CertificateValidationMode.None; service = factory.CreateChannel(); After this every request done to the service fails in client side (I can confirm my request is accepted by the service and a sane response is being returned) I always get the following exception MessageSecurityException: The security header element 'Timestamp' with the '' id must be signed. By looking at trace I can see that in the response there really is a timestamp element, but in the security section there is only a signature for body. Can I somehow make WCF to ingore the fact Timestamp isn't signed?

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• Getting rid of the Expires node in the WS security header

  - by Nick

  From the snippet below, how do i get rid of the <wsu:Expires> tag? I want to either get rid of it or pass it in as a empty element. It is a read only property in objClient.RequestSoapContext.Security.Timestamp.Expires. Any help is appreciated. <wsse:Security soap:mustUnderstand="1"> <wsu:Timestamp wsu:Id="Timestamp-26d09d54-10ef-4141-aa2c-11c75ed8172b"> <wsu:Created>2010-03-08T15:32:16Z</wsu:Created> <wsu:Expires>2010-03-08T15:37:16Z</wsu:Expires> </wsu:Timestamp> <wsse:UsernameToken xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" wsu:Id="SecurityToken-7c9b80ec-98e9-4e41-af2e-ad37070cbdd3"> <wsse:Username>bubba</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password Type="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile-1.0#PasswordDigest">dsfdfsdfsfs+-dasdf=</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce>QQ3C4HUfO2CyGx7HrjzMzg==</wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created>2010-03-08T15:32:16Z</wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security>

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