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• C++: how to build my own utility library?

  - by augustin

  I am starting to be proficient enough with C++ so that I can write my own C++ based scripts (to replace bash and PHP scripts I used to write before). I find that I am starting to have a very small collection of utility functions and sub-routines that I'd like to use in several, otherwise unrelated C++ scripts. I know I am not supposed to reinvent the wheel and that I could use external libraries for some of the utilities I'm creating for myself. However, it's fun to create my own utility functions, they are perfectly tailored to the job I have in mind, and it's for me a large part of the learning process. I'll see about using more polished external libraries when I am proficient enough to work on more serious, long term projects. So, the question is: how do I manage my personal utility library in a way that the functions can be easily included in my various scripts? I am using linux/Kubuntu, vim, g++, etc. and mostly coding CLI scripts. Don't assume too much in terms of experience! ;) Links to tutorials or places where relevant topics are properly documented are welcome.

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• Array Assignment

  - by Mahesh

  Let me explain with an example - #include <iostream> void foo( int a[2], int b[2] ) // I understand that, compiler doesn't bother about the // array index and converts them to int *a, int *b { a = b ; // At this point, how ever assignment operation is valid. } int main() { int a[] = { 1,2 }; int b[] = { 3,4 }; foo( a, b ); a = b; // Why is this invalid here. return 0; } Is it because, array decays to a pointer when passed to a function foo(..), assignment operation is possible. And in main, is it because they are of type int[] which invalidates the assignment operation. Doesn't a,b in both the cases mean the same ? Thanks. Edit 1: When I do it in a function foo, it's assigning the b's starting element location to a. So, thinking in terms of it, what made the language developers not do the same in main(). Want to know the reason.

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• Memory allocation patterns in C++

  - by Mahatma

  I am confused about the memory allocation in C++ in terms of the memory areas such as Const data area, Stack, Heap, Freestore, Heap and Global/Static area. I would like to understand the memory allocation pattern in the following snippet. Can anyone help me to understand this. If there any thing more apart from the variable types mentioned in the example to help understand the concept better please alter the example. class FooBar { int n; //Stored in stack? public: int pubVar; //stored in stack? void foo(int param) //param stored in stack { int *pp = new int; //int is allocated on heap. n = param; static int nStat; //Stored in static area of memory int nLoc; //stored in stack? string str = "mystring"; //stored in stack? .. if(CONDITION) { static int nSIf; //stored in static area of memory int loopvar; //stored in stack .. } } } int main(int) { Foobar bar; //bar stored in stack? or a part of it? Foobar *pBar; //pBar is stored in stack pBar = new Foobar(); //the object is created in heap? What part of the object is stored on heap } EDIT: What confuses me is, if pBar = new Foobar(); stores the object on the heap, how come int nLoc; and int pubVar;, that are components of the object stored on stack? Sounds contradictory to me. Shouldn't the lifetime of pubvar and pBar be the same?

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• Write file need to optimised for heavy traffic part 2

  - by Clayton Leung

  For anyone interest to see where I come from you can refer to part 1, but it is not necessary. write file need to optimised for heavy traffic Below is a snippet of code I have written to capture some financial tick data from the broker API. The code will run without error. I need to optimize the code, because in peak hours the zf_TickEvent method will be call more than 10000 times a second. I use a memorystream to hold the data until it reaches a certain size, then I output it into a text file. The broker API is only single threaded. void zf_TickEvent(object sender, ZenFire.TickEventArgs e) { outputString = string.Format("{0},{1},{2},{3},{4}\r\n", e.TimeStamp.ToString(timeFmt), e.Product.ToString(), Enum.GetName(typeof(ZenFire.TickType), e.Type), e.Price, e.Volume); fillBuffer(outputString); } public class memoryStreamClass { public static MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); } void fillBuffer(string outputString) { byte[] outputByte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(outputString); memoryStreamClass.ms.Write(outputByte, 0, outputByte.Length); if (memoryStreamClass.ms.Length > 8192) { emptyBuffer(memoryStreamClass.ms); memoryStreamClass.ms.SetLength(0); memoryStreamClass.ms.Position = 0; } } void emptyBuffer(MemoryStream ms) { FileStream outStream = new FileStream("c:\\test.txt", FileMode.Append); ms.WriteTo(outStream); outStream.Flush(); outStream.Close(); } Question: Any suggestion to make this even faster? I will try to vary the buffer length but in terms of code structure, is this (almost) the fastest? When memorystream is filled up and I am emptying it to the file, what would happen to the new data coming in? Do I need to implement a second buffer to hold that data while I am emptying my first buffer? Or is c# smart enough to figure it out? Thanks for any advice

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• Monads with Join() instead of Bind()

  - by MathematicalOrchid

  Monads are usually explained in turns of return and bind. However, I gather you can also implement bind in terms of join (and fmap?) In programming languages lacking first-class functions, bind is excruciatingly awkward to use. join, on the other hand, looks quite easy. I'm not completely sure I understand how join works, however. Obviously, it has the [Haskell] type join :: Monad m = m (m x) - m x For the list monad, this is trivially and obviously concat. But for a general monad, what, operationally, does this method actually do? I see what it does to the type signatures, but I'm trying to figure out how I'd write something like this in, say, Java or similar. (Actually, that's easy: I wouldn't. Because generics is broken. ;-) But in principle the question still stands...) Oops. It looks like this has been asked before: Monad join function Could somebody sketch out some implementations of common monads using return, fmap and join? (I.e., not mentioning >>= at all.) I think perhaps that might help it to sink in to my dumb brain...

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• Language restrictions on iPhone partially lifted?

  - by John Smith

  Apparently Apple has changed some term in the agreement again. From http://www.appleoutsider.com/2010/06/10/hello-lua/ section 3.3.2 is now Unless otherwise approved by Apple in writing, no interpreted code may be downloaded or used in an Application except for code that is interpreted and run by Apple’s Documented APIs and built-in interpreter(s). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with Apple’s prior written consent, an Application may use embedded interpreted code in a limited way if such use is solely for providing minor features or functionality that are consistent with the intended and advertised purpose of the Application. instead of the original No interpreted code may be downloaded or used in an Application except for code that is interpreted and run by Apple’s Documented APIs and built-in interpreter(s). I am more interested in embedding Lua, but other people have other embeddings they want to make. I am wondering how you ask for permission, and what they mean by the terms "minor features" and "consistent" and how will Apple interpret this section? It seems to have enough loopholes to drive a real firetruck through. (BTW this is a terribly important question for me an my product.)

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• Performance difference between functions and pattern matching in Mathematica

  - by Samsdram

  So Mathematica is different from other dialects of lisp because it blurs the lines between functions and macros. In Mathematica if a user wanted to write a mathematical function they would likely use pattern matching like f[x_]:= x*x instead of f=Function[{x},x*x] though both would return the same result when called with f[x]. My understanding is that the first approach is something equivalent to a lisp macro and in my experience is favored because of the more concise syntax. So I have two questions, is there a performance difference between executing functions versus the pattern matching/macro approach? Though part of me wouldn't be surprised if functions were actually transformed into some version of macros to allow features like Listable to be implemented. The reason I care about this question is because of the recent set of questions (1) (2) about trying to catch Mathematica errors in large programs. If most of the computations were defined in terms of Functions, it seems to me that keeping track of the order of evaluation and where the error originated would be easier than trying to catch the error after the input has been rewritten by the successive application of macros/patterns.

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• Overhead of calling tiny functions from a tight inner loop? [C++]

  - by John

  Say you see a loop like this one: for(int i=0; i<thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE).count(); ++i) { thing.getData().insert( thing.GetData().Count(), thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE)[i].getName() ); } if this was Java I'd probably not think twice. But in performance-critical sections of C++, it makes me want to tinker with it... however I don't know if the compiler is smart enough to make it futile. This is a made up example but all it's doing is inserting strings into a container. Please don't assume any of these are STL types, think in general terms about the following: Is having a messy condition in the for loop going to get evaluated each time, or only once? If those get methods are simply returning references to member variables on the objects, will they be inlined away? Would you expect custom [] operators to get optimized at all? In other words is it worth the time (in performance only, not readability) to convert it to something like: ElementContainer &source = thing.getParent().getObjectModel().getElements(SOME_TYPE); int num = source.count(); Store &destination = thing.getData(); for(int i=0;i<num;++i) { destination.insert(thing.GetData().Count(), source[i].getName(); } Remember, this is a tight loop, called millions of times a second. What I wonder is if all this will shave a couple of cycles per loop or something more substantial? Yes I know the quote about "premature optimisation". And I know that profiling is important. But this is a more general question about modern compilers, Visual Studio in particular.

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• Creating a Simple C# Wrapper to clean up code

  - by Tangopop

  I have this code: public void Contacts(string domainToBeTested, string[] browserList, string timeOut, int numberOfBrowsers) { verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBrowsers; i++) { ISelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium("LMTS10", 4444, browserList[i], domainToBeTested); try { selenium.Start(); selenium.Open(domainToBeTested); selenium.Click("link=Email"); Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsElementPresent("//div[@id='tabs-2']/p/a/strong")); selenium.Click("link=Address"); Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsElementPresent("//div[@id='tabs-3']/p/strong")); selenium.Click("link=Telephone"); Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsElementPresent("//div[@id='tabs-1']/ul/li/strong")); } catch (AssertionException e) { verificationErrors.AppendLine(browserList[i] + " :: " + e.Message); } finally { selenium.Stop(); } } Assert.AreEqual("", verificationErrors.ToString(), verificationErrors.ToString()); } My problem is i would like to make it so that i can use the code surrounding the 'try' many many times in the rest of the code. I think it has something to do with wrappers, but i can't get a simple answer for this from the web. So in simple terms the only piece of this code which changes is the bit between the try {} the rest is standard code that i have currently used over 100 times and is turning out to be a pain to maintain. Hope this is clear, many thanks.

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• Designing a database for a user/points system? (in Django)

  - by AP257

  First of all, sorry if this isn't an appropriate question for StackOverflow. I've tried to make it as generalisable as possible. I want to create a database (MySQL, site running Django) that has users, who can be allocated a certain number of points for various types of action - it's a collaborative game. My requirements are to obtain: the number of points a user has the user's ranking compared to all other users and the overall leaderboard (i.e. all users ranked in order of points) This is what I have so far, in my Django models.py file: class SiteUser(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=250 ) email = models.EmailField(max_length=250 ) date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def points_total(self): points_added = PointsAdded.objects.filter(user=self) points_total = 0 for point in points_added: points_total += point.points return points_total class PointsAdded(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey('SiteUser') action = models.ForeignKey('Action') date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def points(self): points = Action.objects.filter(action=self.action) return points class Action(models.Model): points = models.IntegerField() action = models.CharField(max_length=36) However it's rapidly becoming clear to me that it's actually quite complex (in Django query terms at least) to figure out the user's ranking and return the leaderboard of users. At least, I'm finding it tough. Is there a more elegant way to do something like this? This question seems to suggest that I shouldn't even have a separate points table - what do people think? It feels more robust to have separate tables, but I don't have much experience of database design.

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• Creation of model in core data on the fly

  - by user1740045

  How can we create a model in core data on the fly? I.e getting the schema of database from somewhere and then creating a Core Data Object graph? *QuesTion:* Yes thats fine, agreed with all the advantages. But, can anybody can tell practically, what is the benefit of integrating Core Data into project instead of using SQL directly. 1.No need to write SQL boiler plate code [but need to learn Core Data Model (steep curve)] 2.WE can undo and redo changes [but practically who needs it] 3.we can migrate to another schema [that can be done by SQLite as well jus need to add another field into table] 4.For say aggregation on some field in table,in Core Data we need to loop through Core Data Objects whereas in SQLite we need to first write SQLite Boiler Plate Code and then the basic aggregation SQL query,which is easy to write,only length of code will increase...But in case of Core Data (need to learn a lot). So apart from reducing the length of Code,does it actually adds value to project? or in terms of Memory Efficiency,Performance,etc.. PS: If anybody has actualy worked on Core Data(Model Creation On the Fly) , if possible share and gve pointers..thanks!

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• Heap Algorithmic Issue

  - by OberynMarDELL

  I am having this algorithmic problem that I want to discuss about. Its not about find a solution but about optimization in terms of runtime. So here it is: Suppose we have a race court of Length L and a total of N cars that participate on the race. The race rules are simple. Once a car overtakes an other car the second car is eliminated from the race. The race ends when no more overtakes are possible to happen. The tricky part is that the k'th car has a starting point x[k] and a velocity v[k]. The points are given in an ascending order, but the velocities may differ. What I've done so far: Given that a car can get overtaken only by its previous, I calculated the time that it takes for each car to reach its next one t = (x[i] - x[i+1])/(v[i] - v[i+1]) and I insert these times onto a min heap in O(n log n). So in theory I have to pop the first element in O(logn), find its previous, pop it as well , update its time and insert it in the heap once more, much like a priority queue. My main problem is how I can access specific points of a heap in O(log n) or faster in order to keep the complexity in O(n log n) levels. This program should be written on Haskell so I would like to keep things simple as far as possible EDIT: I Forgot to write the actual point of the race. The goal is to find the order in which cars exit the game

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• Prototype or jQuery for DOM manipulation (client-side dynamic content)

  - by luiggitama

  I need to know which of these two JavaScript frameworks is better for client-side dynamic content modification for known DOM elements (by id), in terms of performance, memory usage, etc.: Prototype's $('id').update(content) jQuery's jQuery('#id').html(content) BTW, both libraries coexist with no conflict in my app, because I'm using RichFaces for JSF development, that's why I can use "jQuery" instead of "$". I have at least 20 updatable areas in my page, and for each one I prepare content (tables, option lists, etc.), based on some user-defined client-side criteria filtering or some AJAX event, etc., like this: var html = []; int idx = 0; ... html[idx++] = '<tr><td class="cell"><span class="link" title="View" onclick="myFunction('; html[idx++] = param; html[idx++] = ')"></span>'; html[idx++] = someText; html[idx++] = '</td></tr>'; ... So here comes the question, which is better to use: // Prototype's $('myId').update(html.join('')); // or jQuery's jQuery('#myId').html(html.join('')); Other needed functions are hide() and show(), which are present in both frameworks. Which is better? Also I'm needing to enable/disable form controls, and to read/set their values. Note that I know my updatable area's id (I don't need CSS selectors at this point). And I must tell that I'm saving these queried objects in some data structure for later use, so they are requested just once when the page is rendered, like this: MyData = {div1:jQuery('#id1'), div2:$('id2'), ...}; ... div1.update('content 1'); div2.html('content 2'); So, which is the best practice?

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• Background loading javascript into iframe with using jQuery/Ajax?

  - by user210099

  I'm working on an offline only help system which requires loading a large amount of search-related data into an iframe before the search functionality can be used. Due to the folder structure of the project, I am unable to use Ajax-related background load methods, since the files I need are loaded a few directories "up and over." I have written some code which delays the loading of the help data until the rest of the webpage is loaded. The help data consists of a bunch of javascript files which have information about the terms, ect that exist in the help books which are installed on the system. The webpage works fine, until I start to load this help data into a hidden iframe. While the javascript files are loading, I can not use any of the webpage. Links that require a small files be downloaded for hover over effects don't show up, javascript (switching tabs on the page) has no effect. I'm wondering if this is just a limitation of the way javascript works, or if there's something else going on here. Once all the files are loaded for the help system, the webpage works as expected. function test(){ var MGCFrame = eval("parent.parent"); if((ALLFRAMESLOADED == true)){ t2 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].loadData()",1); } else{ t1 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].test()",1000); } } Load data simply starts the data loading process. Thanks for any help you can provide.

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• What is the best (Windows) program launcher?

  - by AR

  One of the biggest general productivity boosters I've used is a good program launcher. I was a long-time user of SlickRun, and I've tried a few others. My current favorite is Executor - by far the best I've used. Other options: Executor: My current favorite Vista Start Menu: Pretty good, actually, but Executor is similar (binds to Win+Z) and much more flexible. Quicksilver: For Macs only, but it seems to be the gold standard against which most other launchers are measured. Google Desktop: Press Ctrl+Ctrl and it's a quick launcher! AutoHotKey: Much,much more than just a launcher - more than I need, really. SlickRun: simple and unobtrusive Launchy: Seems to be the launcher of choice for many StackOverflow users :) Colibri: "Type Ahead - Information at the tip of your wings". Quite a cool concept. Many, many others. Scott Hanselman outlines some more here. I realize that everyone will have their own preferences, but the question is: is there anything that really stands out in terms of speed, features, and especially productivity increase?

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• PHP Saving information to MySQL but not using hard coded code

  - by Homer_J

  Hi guys, Thanks everyone for assisting me but know I'm well and truely stuck...hopefully someone can advise? My current code that saves to a MySQL database: $q1 = $_POST["q1"]; $q2 = $_POST["q2"]; $q3 = $_POST["q3"]; $q4 = $_POST["q4"]; $q5 = $_POST["q5"]; $q6 = $_POST["q6"]; $q7 = $_POST["q7"]; $q8 = $_POST["q8"]; $proc = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO tresults_bh_main (respondent_id, ip, browser, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7, q8) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?);"); mysqli_stmt_bind_param($proc, "issiiiiiiii", $respondent_id, $ip, $browser, $q1, $q2, $q3, $q4, $q5, $q6, $q7, $q8); At the moment this is all hard coded and I need it to use variables: I have an array which stores the following information: $qs['questions'] - stores, for example q1, q2, q3, q4 etc - obviously these change both in terms of of numbers, ie. q10, q11, q12 and also the amount in the array - so there could be 4 q's or 10 q's stored in the array. What I struggling to get my head around is how I would set-up this hard coded page to work with my variables. If anyone can help, much appreciated. Homer.

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• How to handle product ratings in a database

  - by Mel

  Hello, I would like to know what is the best approach to storing product ratings in a database. I have in mind the following two (simplified, and assuming a MySQL db) scenarios: Scenario 1: Create two columns in the product table to store number of votes and the sum of all votes. Use columns to get an average on the product display page: products(productedID, productName, voteCount, voteSum) Pros: I will only need to access one table, and thus execute one query to display product data and ratings. Cons: Write operations will be executed in a table whose original purpose is only to furnish product data. Scenario 2: Create an additional table to store ratings. products(productID, productName) ratings(productID, voteCount, voteSum) Pros: Isolate ratings into a separate table, leaving the products table to furnish data on available products. Cons: I will have to execute two separate queries on product page requests (one for data and another for ratings). In terms of performance, which of the following two approaches is best: Allow users to execute an occasional write query to a table that will handle hundreds of read requests? Execute two queries at every product page, but isolate the write query into a separate table. I'm a novice to database development, and often find myself struggling with simple questions such as these. Many thanks,

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• Merging rows with uniqueness constraints

  - by Flambino

  I've got a little time-tracking web app (implemented in Rails 3.2.8 & MySQL). The app has several users who add their time to specific tasks, on a given date. The system is set up so a user can only have 1 time entry (i.e. row) per task per date. I.e. if you add time twice on the same task and date, it'll add time to the existing row, rather than create a new one. Now I'm looking to merge 2 tasks. In the simplest terms, merging task ID 2 into task ID 1 would take this time | user_id | task_id | date ------+----------+----------+----------- 10 | 1 | 1 | 2012-10-29 15 | 2 | 1 | 2012-10-29 10 | 1 | 2 | 2012-10-29 5 | 3 | 2 | 2012-10-29 and change it into this time | user_id | task_id | date ------+----------+----------+----------- 20 | 1 | 1 | 2012-10-29 <-- time values merged (summed) 15 | 2 | 1 | 2012-10-29 <-- no change 5 | 3 | 1 | 2012-10-29 <-- task_id changed (no merging necessary) I.e. merge by summing the time values, where the given user_id/date/task combo would conflict. I figure I can use a unique constraint to do a ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ... if I do an insert for every task_id=2 entry. But that seems pretty inelegant. I've also tried to figure a way to first update all the rows in task 1 with the summed-up times, but I can't quite figure that one out. Any ideas?

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• memcached: which is faster, doing an add (and checking result), or doing a get (and set when returni

  - by Mike Sherov

  The title of this question isn't so clear, but the code and question is straightforward. Let's say I want to show my users an ad once per day. To accomplish this, every time they visit a page on my site, I check to see if a certain memcache key has any data stored on it. If so, don't show an ad. If not, store the value '1' in that key with an expiration of 86400. I can do this 2 ways: //version a $key='OPD_'.date('Ymd').'_'.$type.'_'.$user; if($memcache->get($key)===false){ $memcache->set($key,'1',false,$expire); //show ad } //version b $key='OPD_'.date('Ymd').'_'.$type.'_'.$user; if($memcache->add($key,'1',false,$expire)){ //show ad } Now, it might seem obvious that b is better, it always makes 1 memcache call. However, what is the overhead of "add" vs. "get"? These aren't the real comparisons... and I just made up these numbers, but let's say 1 add ~= 1 set ~= 5 get in terms of effort, and the average user views 5 pages a day: a: (5 get * 1 effort) + (1 set * 5 effort) = 10 units of effort b: (5 add * 5 effort) = 25 units of effort Would it make sense to always do the add call? Is this an unnecessary micro-optimization?

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• Manipulating data in sql / asp.net / c# - how?

  - by SLC

  Not sure how to word the question... Basically, so far all my SQL stuff has been stored procedures and dumped into a gridview. The odd case where I had to perform an action based on a value (such as highlighting a row green if a certain value was true) were done as the gridview was rendering in one of the overrides. Now however I have to do something far more complicated - pull three sets of data down, run a series of checks on all three and some date related checks and stuff, then populate a gridview with some of the items. In logic terms, I want to run three queries, and store the lists of results (presumably in Lists?) then run some logic, then populate the gridview. Specifically what I don't know how to do is: Best way of pulling the data, and putting it into a List or other datastructure that lets me easily run through it, and retrieve data based on column (myList.age, or more likely, myList["Age"]). One I have compared the data, I assume I create a new list that will be put into the gridview... how do I put the contents of a list INTO a gridview? How would I add other stuff such as buttons or checkboxes at the same time? Any nudge in the right direction would be appreciated! Particularly doing cool stuff with lists and sql (if there is anything cool you can do with them)

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• Background loading javascript into iframe without using jQuery/Ajax?

  - by user210099

  I'm working on an offline only help system which requires loading a large amount of search-related data into an iframe before the search functionality can be used. Due to the folder structure of the project, I am unable to use Ajax-related background load methods, since the files I need are loaded a few directories "up and over." I have written some code which delays the loading of the help data until the rest of the webpage is loaded. The help data consists of a bunch of javascript files which have information about the terms, ect that exist in the help books which are installed on the system. The webpage works fine, until I start to load this help data into a hidden iframe. While the javascript files are loading, I can not use any of the webpage. Links that require a small files be downloaded for hover over effects don't show up, javascript (switching tabs on the page) has no effect. I'm wondering if this is just a limitation of the way javascript works, or if there's something else going on here. Once all the files are loaded for the help system, the webpage works as expected. function test(){ var MGCFrame = eval("parent.parent"); if((ALLFRAMESLOADED == true)){ t2 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].loadData()",1); } else{ t1 = MGCFrame.setTimeout("this.IHHeader.frames[0].test()",1000); } } Load data simply starts the data loading process. Thanks for any help you can provide.

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• What constitutes explicit creation of entities in LINQ to SQL? What elegant "solutions" are there to

  - by Marcelo Zabani

  Hi SO, I've been having problems with the rather famous "Explicit construction of entity type '##' in query is not allowed." error. Now, for what I understand, this exists because if explicit construction of these objects were allowed, tracking changes to the database would be very complicated. So I ask: What constitutes the explicit creation of these objects? In other terms: Why can I do this: Product foo = new Product(); foo.productName = "Something"; But can't do this: var bar = (from item in myDataContext.Products select new Product { productName = item.productName }).ToList(); I think that when running the LINQ query, some kind of association is made between the objects selected and the table rows retrieved (and this is why newing a Product in the first snippet of code is no problem at all, because no associations were made). I, however, would like to understand this a little more in depth (and this is my first question to you, that is: what is the difference from one snippet of code to another). Now, I've heard of a few ways to attack this problem: 1) The creation of a class that inherits the linq class (or one that has the same properties) 2) Selecting anonymous objects And this leads me to my second question: If you chose one of the the two approaches above, which one did you choose and why? What other problems did your approach introduce? Are there any other approaches?

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• Why does the order of the loops affect performance when iterating over a 2D array? [closed]

  - by Mark

  Possible Duplicate: Which of these two for loops is more efficient in terms of time and cache performance Below are two programs that are almost identical except that I switched the i and j variables around. They both run in different amounts of time. Could someone explain why this happens? Version 1 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> main () { int i,j; static int x[4000][4000]; for (i = 0; i < 4000; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 4000; j++) { x[j][i] = i + j; } } } Version 2 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> main () { int i,j; static int x[4000][4000]; for (j = 0; j < 4000; j++) { for (i = 0; i < 4000; i++) { x[j][i] = i + j; } } }

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• Access property of a class from within a class instantiated in the original class.

  - by Iain

  I'm not certain how to explain this with the correct terms so maybe an example is the best method... $master = new MasterClass(); $master-doStuff(); class MasterClass { var $a; var $b; var $c; var $eventProccer; function MasterClass() { $this->a = 1; $this->eventProccer = new EventProcess(); } function printCurrent() { echo '<br>'.$this->a.'<br>'; } function doStuff() { $this->printCurrent(); $this->eventProccer->DoSomething(); $this->printCurrent(); } } class EventProcess { function EventProcess() {} function DoSomething() { // trying to access and change the parent class' a,b,c properties } } My problem is i'm not certain how to access the properties of the MasterClass from within the EventProcess-DoSomething() method? I would need to access, perform operations on and update the properties. The a,b,c properties will be quite large arrays and the DoSomething() method would be called many times during the execuction of the script. Any help or pointers would be much appreciated :)

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• Questions about shifting from mysql to PDO

  - by Scarface

  Hey guys I have recently decided to switch all my current plain mysql queries performed with php mysql_query to PDO style queries to improve performance, portability and security. I just have some quick questions for any experts in this database interaction tool Will it prevent injection if all statements are prepared? (I noticed on php.net it wrote 'however, if other portions of the query are being built up with unescaped input, SQL injection is still possible' I was not exactly sure what this meant). Does this just mean that if all variables are run through a prepare function it is safe, and if some are directly inserted then it is not? Currently I have a connection at the top of my page and queries performed during the rest of the page. I took a look at PDO in more detail and noticed that there is a try and catch procedure for every query involving a connection and the closing of that connection. Is there a straightforward way to connecting and then reusing that connection without having to put everything in a try or constantly repeat the procedure by connecting, querying and closing? Can anyone briefly explain in layman's terms what purpose a set_exception_handler serves? I appreciate any advice from any more experienced individuals.

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