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  • How does a virtual machine work?

    - by Martin
    I've been looking into how programming languages work, and some of them have a so-called virtual machines. I understand that this is some form of emulation of the programming language within another programming language, and that it works like how a compiled language would be executed, with a stack. Did I get that right? With the proviso that I did, what bamboozles me is that many non-compiled languages allow variables with "liberal" type systems. In Python for example, I can write this: x = "Hello world!" x = 2**1000 Strings and big integers are completely unrelated and occupy different amounts of space in memory, so how can this code even be represented in a stack-based environment? What exactly happens here? Is x pointed to a new place on the stack and the old string data left unreferenced? Do these languages not use a stack? If not, how do they represent variables internally?

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  • Whats the scope of c code within objective-c classes?

    - by roja
    I was reading up about bypassing objective-c's messaging to gain performance (irrelevant to this specific question) when i found an interesting bit of code: #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> @interface Fib : NSObject { } - (long long) cFib: (NSUInteger) number; @end @implementation Fib // c implementation of fib long long cFibIMP(NSUInteger number) { return (number < 3) ? 1 : cFib(number - 1) + cFib(number - 2); } // method wrapper for c implementation of fib - (long long) cFib: (NSUInteger) number { return cFibIMP(number); } @end My question is; when using c function, within an objective-c object, what scope is the c function (cFibIMP in this particular case) placed in? Does the objective-c class encapsulate the c function removing change of name-clash or is the c function simply dumped into the global scope of the whole objective-c program?

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  • begin...end VS braces {...} VS indentation grouping

    - by Halst
    Hi, everyone. I don't want to fuel any holy-wars here, but I need to ask your opinion. Right now I'm in process of designing a Hardware Description Language as a project in my university. I decided to take VHDL language and just add some syntax-sugar 'coz VHDL is rather obese in syntax. I decided to use indentation to group blocks of code (like in Python), and I'm strongly criticized for that. Originally Begin...End; grouping is used in VHDL language. I have no clue what are cons and pros of these 3 types of grouping, the only thing I know is that I like Python style and I don't understand if it's usage could be erroneous or something? What do you think? What do you like? (hope that I can get some feedback from people who extensively used different languages with different code-grouping syntax, like Pasca, Ada, Delphi, C, C++, C#, Java, Python)

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  • Why has Javascript been (mostly) only a browser-side technology for more than 10 years?

    - by Gabriel Cuvillier
    Recently there is a lot of projects that pushes Javascript into other directions: as a general purpose scripting language (GLUEScript, Rhino), as an extension language (QTScript, Adobe Reader, OO Macros), Widgets (Yahoo Widgets, MS Gadgets, Dashboard), and even server-side JS & web frameworks (CommonJS, Helma, Phobos, V8cgi), which seems obvious since it is already a language widely used for web development. But wait, everything is so new and nothing is really mature. However JS is around for almost 15 years, being as powerfull as any other scripting languages, being standardised by the ECMA, and being a mandatory technology for web development. Why did it take so much time to gain acceptance into other domains than web browsers?

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  • WSDL for other protocols different than SOAP?

    - by SDReyes
    From wikipedia: The Web Services Description Language (WSDL, pronounced 'wiz-d?l') is an XML-based language that provides a model for describing Web services. But in most cases, I found that WSDL is used in conjunction with SOAP. but as far as I know, if the WSDL is a language to describe web services. there should be possible to describe another kind of web services different from SOAP. is this possible? any examples? Thanks!

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  • NFS Server in Java

    - by dmeister
    I search an implementation of a network (or distributed) file system like NFS in Java. The goal is to extend it and do some research stuff with it. On the web I found some implementation e.g. DJ NFS, but the open question is how mature and fast they are. Can anyone purpose a good starting point, has anyone experience with such things? P.S. I know Hadoop DFS and I used it for some projects, but Hadoop is not a good fit for the things I want to do here. --EDIT-- Hadoop is really focused on highly scalable, high throughput computing without the possibilities to overwrite parts of a file and so an. The goal is you could use the filesystem e.g. for user home directories. --EDIT-- More Details: The idea is to modify such a implementation so that the files are not stored directly on a local filesystem, but to apply data de-duplication.

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  • How to override the behavior of Input type="file" Browse button?

    - by jay sean
    Hi All, I need to change the locale/language of the browse button in input type="file" We have a special function to change the locale of any text to the browser language such as en-US es-MX etc. Say changeLang("Test"); // This will display test in Spanish if the browser // locale is es-MX What I need to do is to change the language of the browse button. Since it is not displayed, I can't code it like changeLang("Browse..."); That's why I need to get the code of this input type and override so that I can apply my function to Browse text. It will be appreciated if you can give a solution for this. Thanks! Jay...

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  • How to have localized style when writing cell with xlwt

    - by lfagundes
    I'm writing an Excel spreadsheet with Python's xlwt and I need numbers to be formatted using "." as thousands separator, as it is in brazilian portuguese language. I have tried: style.num_format_str = r'#,##0' And it sets the thousands separator as ','. If I try setting num_format_str to '#.##0', I'll get number formatted as 1234.000 instead of 1.234. And if I open document in OpenOffice and format cells, I can set the language of the cell to "Portuguese (Brazil)" and then OpenOffice will show the format code as being "#.##0", but I don't find a way to set the cell's language to brazilian portuguese. Any ideas?

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  • Open Source Contribution for a newbie programmer.

    - by sasayins
    Hi, I am teaching programming to my nephews and I want them to improve their skills by contributing to open source projects. Now my question is, do you know any open source project that suit for a newbie programmer. What I mean is, the project does not have a large codebase, the project is very interesting and the project is written in C because I chose C language as their starting language but you can suggest other project made in other language. My goal here are to improve their logic by reading other source codes, familiarize to the available development tools like bug tracker, version control system, etc. and open their interest in open source community. Thanks. =)

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  • can i separate JavaScript If condition?

    - by Abdulrahman Ishaq
    in PHP we can put HTML between codes like this: <?php if (condition) { ?> <p>True</p> <?php } else { ?> <p>True</p> <?php } ?> can we do this in javascript ? like this ? <script language='JavaScript'> if (condition) { </script> <p>True</p> <script language='JavaScript'> } else { </script> <p>True</p> <script language='JavaScript'> } </script>

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  • What to do of exceptions when implementing java.lang.Iterator

    - by Vincent Robert
    The java.lang.Iterator interface has 3 methods: hasNext, next and remove. In order to implement a read-only iterator, you have to provide an implementation for 2 of those: hasNext and next. My problem is that these methods does not declare any exceptions. So if my code inside the iteration process declares exceptions, I must enclose my iteration code inside a try/catch block. My current policy has been to rethrow the exception enclosed in a RuntimeException. But this has issues because the checked exceptions are lost and the client code no longer can catch those exceptions explicitly. How can I work around this limitation in the Iterator class? Here is a sample code for clarity: class MyIterator implements Iterator { @Override public boolean hasNext() { try { return implementation.testForNext(); } catch ( SomethingBadException e ) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } @Override public boolean next() { try { return implementation.getNext(); } catch ( SomethingBadException e ) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } ... }

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  • Are all languages used within .net Equally performant?

    - by WeNeedAnswers
    I know the "Sales pitch" answer is yes to this question, but is it technically true. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is designed as an intermediate language based on Imperative Programming (IP), but this has obvious implications when dealing with Declarative Programming (DP). So how efficient is a language based on a different paradigm than the Imperative Style when implemented in the CLR? I also get the feeling that the step to DP would incur an extra level of abstraction that might not model at all performant, would this be a fair comment? I have done some simple tests using F# and it all looks great, but am I missing something if the programs get more complex?

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  • Whats the scope of a c function defined within objective-c class?

    - by roja
    I was reading up about bypassing objective-c's messaging to gain performance (irrelevant to this specific question) when i found an interesting bit of code: #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> @interface Fib : NSObject { } - (long long) cFib: (NSUInteger) number; @end @implementation Fib // c implementation of fib long long cFibIMP(NSUInteger number) { return (number < 3) ? 1 : cFib(number - 1) + cFib(number - 2); } // method wrapper for c implementation of fib - (long long) cFib: (NSUInteger) number { return cFibIMP(number); } @end My question is; when using c function, within an objective-c object, what scope is the c function (cFibIMP in this particular case) placed in? Does the objective-c class encapsulate the c function removing change of name-clash or is the c function simply dumped into the global scope of the whole objective-c program?

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  • newb to assembly programming

    - by ida
    i am on a mac (10.6.3) with snow leopard. i hear that the assembly language i work with has to be valid with the chipset that you use. i am completly new to this i have a basic background in C and Objective-C programming and an almost strong background in php. Ive always wanted to see what assembly is all about. the tutorial ill be looking at is by VTC via (http://www.vtc.com/products/Assembly-Language-Programming-Tutorials.htm). what i want to know is are the tutorials that im about to do compatible with the version of mac that i have? sorry i am completly new to this language although i do recall studying some of it way way back in the day. i do have xcode and what i'm wondering is what kind of document would i open in xcode to work with assembly and does the mac have a built in hex editor (when it comes time to needing it)? thanks

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  • Django loaddata throws ValidationError: [u'Enter a valid date in YYYY-MM-DD format.'] on null=true f

    - by datakid
    When I run: django-admin.py loaddata ../data/library_authors.json the error is: ... ValidationError: [u'Enter a valid date in YYYY-MM-DD format.'] The model: class Writer(models.Model): first = models.CharField(u'First Name', max_length=30) other = models.CharField(u'Other Names', max_length=30, blank=True) last = models.CharField(u'Last Name', max_length=30) dob = models.DateField(u'Date of Birth', blank=True, null=True) class Meta: abstract = True ordering = ['last'] unique_together = ("first", "last") class Author(Writer): language = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=LANGUAGES, blank=True) class Meta: verbose_name = 'Author' verbose_name_plural = 'Authors' Note that the dob DateField has blank=True, null=True The json file has structure: [ { "pk": 1, "model": "books.author", "fields": { "dob": "", "other": "", "last": "Carey", "language": "", "first": "Peter" } }, { "pk": 3, "model": "books.author", "fields": { "dob": "", "other": "", "last": "Brown", "language": "", "first": "Carter" } } ] The backing mysql database has the relevent date field in the relevant table set to NULL as default and Null? = YES. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong or how I can get loaddata to accept null date values?

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  • Any implementations of graph st-ordering or ear-decomposition?

    - by chang
    I'm in the search for an implementation of an ear-decomposition algorithm (http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/junkyard/euler/ear.html). I examined networkx and didn't find one. Although the algorithm layout is vaguely in my mind, I'd like to see some reference implementation, too. I'm aware of Ulrik Brandes publication on a linear time Eager st-ordering algorithm, which results in an ear decomposition as a side product, if I understand correctly (it even includes pseudocode, which I'm trying to base my implementation on). Side problem: First step could be an st-ordering of a graph. Are there any implementations for st-ordering algorithms you know? Thanks for your input. I'd really like to contribute e.g. to networkx by implementing the ear-decomposition algorithm in python.

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  • Interface naming in Java

    - by Allain Lalonde
    Most OO languages prefix their interface names with a capital I, why does Java not do this? What was the rationale for not following this convention? To demonstrate what I mean, if I wanted to have a User interface and a User implementation I'd have two choices in Java: Class = User, Interface = UserInterface Class = UserImpl, Interface = User Where in most languages: Class = User, Interface = IUser Now, you might argue that you could always pick a most descriptive name for the user implementation and the problem goes away, but Java's pushing a POJO approach to things and most IOC containers use DynamicProxies extensively. These two things together mean that you'll have lots of interfaces with a single POJO implementation. So, I guess my question boils down to: "Is it worth following the broader Interface naming convention especially in light of where Java Frameworks seem to be heading?"

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  • Maintaining Project with Git

    - by gkrdvl
    Hi All, I have 2 project, and actually these 2 project is about 80% same each other, the mainly difference is just about language and business model, one is for larger audience using english language and have a 9$/month business model, another is using local language with freemium business model. Sometime when I want to add new feature/functionality, I want to add it in both of the project, but also sometime I want to add feature especially just for the local project. My question is, how do I maintain these 2 project with git ? Maintain 2 git repository for each project or Maintain single git repository with 2 mainly branch or Any other suggestion ?

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  • Fetch main model and translations in one query with globalize2

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    Is there a way to fetch the model and the translations in one query when using globalize2? For example, having a model called Language which have two fields, code and name of which the second is translatable I do the following: en = Language.find_by_code("en") and it runs this query: SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM `languages` WHERE (`languages`.`code` = 'en') LIMIT 1 and when I do: en.name it runs: SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE * FROM `language_translations` WHERE (`language_translations`.language_id = 123 AND (`language_translations`.`locale` IN ('en','root'))) and if I do it again it'll re-run the query. Is there a way to fetch all the translated data in the first query? I've tried: en = Language.find_by_code("en", :joins => "JOIN language_translations ON language_translations.language_id = languages.id") but it made no difference. UPDATE: this is being discussed as an issue in globalize2: http://github.com/joshmh/globalize2/issues/#issue/33

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  • Does the 'dynamic' keyword and the DLR promote C# to a first class citizen as a dynamically typed la

    - by Quigrim
    I understand that the new ‘dynamic’ keyword in C# 4.0 facilitates interaction with dynamic .NET languages, and can help to cut code by using it instead of reflection. So usage is for very specific situations. However, what I would like to know is if it will give C# all the dynamic benefits that one would get in other dynamic languages such is the IronXXX languages? In other words, will it be possible to write a entire application in C# in a dynamic language style? And if it is possible, would it be recommended or not. And why, or why not respectively? Will I get all the benefits of a dynamic language without switching to another language?

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  • Is it better to use List or Collection?

    - by Vivin Paliath
    I have an object that stores some data in a list. The implementation could change later, and I don't want to expose the internal implementation to the end user. However, the user must have the ability to modify and access this collection of data. Currently I have something like this: public List<SomeDataType> getData() { return this.data; } public void setData(List<SomeDataType> data) { this.data = data; } Does this mean that I have allowed the internal implementation details to leak out? Should I be doing this instead? public Collection<SomeDataType> getData() { return this.data; } public void setData(Collection<SomeDataType> data) { this.data = new ArrayList<SomeDataType>(data); }

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  • How to do "See Also" to a book using doxygen

    - by Paul J. Lucas
    The Javadoc @see allows a simple string as an argument to refer to something like a book, e.g.: @see "The Java Programming Language." As far as I can tell, the Doxygen \see offers no equivalent. Is there any way to have a book reference generated in the documentation, e.g.: See Also The C++ Programming Language, Bjarne Stroustrup, Addison-Wesley, 2000, section 19.4.1: The Standard Allocator ? Clarification This question is about how to do a "See Also" as part of a comment, e.g.: /** * Allocates memory in an amazing way. * \param size The number of bytes to allocate. * \return Returns a pointer to the start of the allocated memory. * \see MyOtherClass::alloc() * \see "The C++ Programming Language," Bjarne Stroustrup, Addison-Wesley, 2000, * section 19.4.1: The Standard Allocator. */ void* my_alloc( size_t size ); Of course the above does not work in Doxygen. Note that if there are multiple \see tags, they should be merged into a single "See Also" section (like the way \see normally works.

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  • Can Goldberg algorithm in ocamlgraph be used to find Minimum Cost Flow graph?

    - by Tautrimas
    I'm looking for an implementation to the Minimum Cost Flow graph problem in OCaml. OCaml library ocamlgraph has Goldberg algorithm implementation. The paper called Efficient implementation of the Goldberg-Tarjan minimum-cost flow algorithm is noting that Goldberg-Tarjan algorithm can find minimum cost graph. Question is, does ocamlgraph algorithm also find the minimum cost? Library documentation only states, that it's suitable at least for the maximum flow problem. If not, does anybody have a good link to a nice any minimum cost optimization algorithm code? I will manually translate it into OCaml then. Forgive me, if I missed it on Wikipedia: there are too many algos on flow networks for the first day!

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  • CSS Menu loses focus when part of jquery hover()

    - by Steve Syfuhs
    I have the following html (viewable at www.communityftw.com) <table width="100%"> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"> <!-- 2008.3.1314.35 --><span id="headerSearch1_sb_form_q_wrapper" class="RadInput_Default" style="white-space:nowrap;"><input value="language..." type="text" size="20" id="headerSearch1_sb_form_q_text" name="headerSearch1_sb_form_q_text" class="riTextBox riEmpty sw_qboxTop" name="q" style="width:140px;" /><input id="headerSearch1_sb_form_q" name="ctl00$headerSearch1$sb_form_q" class="rdfd_" style="visibility:hidden;margin:-18px 0 0 0;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;border:0;padding:0;" type="text" value="" /><input id="headerSearch1_sb_form_q_ClientState" name="headerSearch1_sb_form_q_ClientState" type="hidden" /></span> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$headerSearch1$sb_form_go" value="" id="headerSearch1_sb_form_go" class="sw_qbtnTop" /> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul id="menu"> <li class="languageContainer"> <div> <a href="#" id="languageField"> <img src="/images/flags/ca.png" alt="Canada" /> Canada (English)</a> </div> <ul id="language"> <li><a href="#" id="A1"> <img src="/images/flags/ca.png" alt="Canada" /> Canada (French)</a> </li> <li><a href="#" id="A2"> <img src="/images/flags/us.png" alt="United States" /> United States</a> </li> <li><a href="#" id="A3"> <img src="/images/flags/de.png" alt="Germany" /> Germany</a> </li> <li><a href="#" id="A4"> <img src="/images/flags/fr.png" alt="France" /> France</a> </li> <li><a href="#" id="A5"> <img src="/images/flags/ru.png" alt="Russia" /> Russia</a> </li> <li class="last"> <img alt="" src="images/langLocDrop_r4_c1.png" /> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> Javascript/jquery $('#slide').animate({ top: '-=34' }, 1000); $("#slide").hover(function () { $(this).animate({ top: '+=34' }); }, function () { $(this).animate({ top: '-=34' }); }); menu { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; display: inline-block; float: left; z-index: 1000; } menu a { color: #dc2525; text-decoration: none; } menu li { background: none repeat scroll 0 0; cursor: pointer; float: left; position: relative; } menu li a:hover { color: orange; } menu ul { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; display: block; display: inline; } menu li ul { position: absolute; left: -15px; top: 0px; margin-top: 20px; width: 170px; line-height: 16px; background-image: url(/images/langLocDrop_r2_c1.png); display: none; } menu li:hover ul { display: block; } menu li ul li { display: block; margin: 5px 20px; padding: 5px 0px; border-top: dotted 1px #606060; list-style-type: none; } menu li ul li:first-child { border-top: none; } menu li ul li a { display: block; } menu li ul li a:hover { color: orange; } .languageContainer div { display: inline; padding: 5px; } languageField img { display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } language img { display: inline; } menu .last { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; position: relative; border: none; height: 0px; } What I'm trying to do is have a menu mostly hidden at the top except when you mouse over it, and then have a submenu (just css driven) pop out when you mouse over the language. What is happening though is that when I move onto the language list, and I go past Germany (~50% down the list?), the hover() loses focus and closes the original menu, which closes the language menu. Any idea's what is causing the issue? Any ideas how to fix the issue? I have tried the hoverIntent() plugin as well to no avail.

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  • locale based sorting function in ruby

    - by railscoder
    For my application(Ruby on Rails) i have country select box for the signup page. These countries are localized into different language. But i couldnt find a way to sort them, based on the language in which its localized. At present i have sorted it out based on english only. Is there a way to sort the country names based on the locale? i.e the order of the countries should change(ascending order) according to the language its localised. Thanks..

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