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Single IBAction for multiple UIButtons versus single IBAction for single UIButton

- by Miraaj

While using story-board there are two different approaches which my team mates follow: Approach 1: To bind unique action with each button, ie: Done button - binded to - doneButtonAction Cancel button - binded to - cancelButtonAction OR Approach 2: To bind single action to multiple buttons, ie: Done button - binded to - commonButtonAction Cancel button - binded to - commonButtonAction Then in commonButtonAction they prefer to use switch case like this: - (IBAction)commonButtonAction:(id)sender { UIButton *button = (UIButton *)sender; switch (button.tag) { case 201: // done button [self doneButtonAction:sender]; break; case 202: // cancel button [self cancelButtonAction:sender]; break; default: break; } } - (void)cancelButtonAction:(id)sender { // no interesting stuff, simple dismiss of view :-( } - (void)doneButtonAction:(id)sender { // some interesting stuff ;-) } Reasoning which they give to follow approach 2 is - in each view controller during code walk through anyone can easily identify where to find code related to button actions. While others discard this idea because they say that adding an extra switch case is unnecessary and is not a common practice. What are your views?

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Having an issue with overwriting an element of a file correctly (numeric)

- by IngeniousHax

This is an ATM style program, but currently it doesn't do exactly what I need it to do... I need to get the current balance, and when money is transferred from either checking or savings, it should add it to checking and subtract it from savings. which is does, but not correctly... Input example -=[ Funds Transfer ]=- -=[ Savings to Checking ]=- Account Name: nomadic Amount to transfer: $400 New Balance in Checking: $900 // original was 500 New Balance in Savings: $7.7068e+012 // this should now be 1100... Here is my code, it's a lot of code, but there are no errors, so throwing it into an IDE and compiling should be fairly quick for whoever would like to help. mainBankClass.h mainBankClass.h #ifndef MAINBANKCLASS_H #define MAINBANKCLASS_H #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Banking { protected: string checkAcctName, saveAcctName; // Name on the account int acctNumber[13]; // Account number float acctBalance, initSaveDeposit, initCheckDeposit, depAmt; // amount in account, and amount to deposit public: char getBalanceChoice(); // Get name on account for displaying relevant information char newAccountMenu(); // Create a new account and assign it a random account number void invalid(char *); // If an invalid option is chosen char menu(); // Print the main menu for the user. virtual float deposit(){ return 0; } // virtual function for deposits // virtual float withdrawal() = 0; // Virtual function for withdrawals void fatal(char *); // Handles fatal errors. Banking(); }; class Checking : public Banking { public: friend ostream operator<<(ostream &, Checking &); friend istream operator>>(istream &, Checking &); Checking operator <= (const Checking &) const; void newCheckingAccount(); void viewCheckingBalance(); void transferFromSaving(); float deposit() { return (acctBalance += depAmt); } }; class Saving : public Banking { public: friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &, Saving &); friend istream &operator>>(istream &, Saving &); Saving operator <= (const Saving &) const; void newSavingAccount(); void viewSavingBalance(); void transferFromChecking(); float deposit() { return (acctBalance += depAmt); } }; class checkAndSave : public Banking { public: void newCheckAndSave(); void viewBothBalances(); }; #endif bankAccount.cpp #include <iostream> #include <sstream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> #include <fstream> #include <time.h> #include "MainBankClass.h" /*****************************\ | BANKING CONSTRUCTOR | \*****************************/ Banking::Banking() { string acctName; // Name on the account acctNumber[13] = 0; // Account number acctBalance = 0; initCheckDeposit = 0; initSaveDeposit = 0; depAmt = 0; }; /********************************\ | The following code is to print the menu | | and recieve the users choice on what | | they want to do with the ATM | \********************************/ char Banking::menu() { char choice; system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Main Menu ]=- \n\n" << "\tA) Create New Account\n" << "\tB) View Account Balance\n" << "\tC) Transfer Funds From Checking To Savings\n" << "\tD) Transfer Funds From Savings To Checking\n" << "\tE) Exit\n" << "\n\n\tSelection: "; cin >> choice; cin.ignore(); choice = toupper(choice); while(!isalpha(choice)) { invalid("[!!] Invalid selection.\n[!!] Choose a valid option: "); cin >> choice; cin.ignore(); } return choice; } /*********************\ | Will read in account choic | | and display it for the user | \*********************/ char Banking::getBalanceChoice() { char choice; fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Account Balance ]=-\n\n"; cout << "A) View Checking Account\n" << "B) View Saving Account\n" << "C) View Checking \\ Saving Account\n" << endl; cout << "Choice: "; cin >> choice; choice = toupper(choice); if(!isalpha(choice)) fatal(" [!!] Invalid Choice"); return choice; } /***************************\ | Incase an invalid decision to made | | this throws the error message sent | | to it by the calling area | \***************************/ void Banking::invalid(char *msg) { cout << msg; } /*************************\ | Used if files can not be opened | | and exits with code 251: | | miscommunication with server | \*************************/ void Banking::fatal(char *msg) { cout << msg; exit(1); } /***************************\ | Create an account, either checking | | or savings, or both. | | Must should create a randomly | | generated account number that will | | correspond with each account. | \***************************/ /************************\ NOTE:: WILL BE UPDATED TO CONTAIN A PIN FOR ACCOUNT VERIFICATION *************************/ char Banking::newAccountMenu() { srand(time(NULL)); // Seed random generator with time initialized to NULL char acctChoice; // choice for the account type ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts system("cls"); cout << "\t\t-=[ New Account Creation ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "A) Checking Account\n" << "B) Savings Account\n" << "C) Checking and Saving Account\n" << endl; cout << "New account type: "; cin >> acctChoice; acctChoice = toupper(acctChoice); cin.clear(); cin.sync(); return acctChoice; } /********************************************************************* ********************************************************************** CHECKING ACCOUNT CODE ********************************************************************** **********************************************************************/ // New Checking Account Creation void Checking::newCheckingAccount() { system("cls"); ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts cout << "\t\t -=[ New Checking Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on the account: "; getline(cin, checkAcctName); cout << "Initial deposit amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; if(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { while(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!] 0 or negative amount entered\nMaybe a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; } } if(!checkFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); checkFile << checkAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); // Build a random checking account number checkFile << acctNumber[j]; } checkFile << endl; checkFile << initCheckDeposit << endl; checkFile.close(); } void Checking::viewCheckingBalance() { fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); string name; int i = 0; double balance = 0; system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Checking Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } if(name == checkAcctName) { system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Checking Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << checkAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; checkFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } else fatal("[!!] Invalid Account\n"); checkFile.close(); getchar(); } void Checking::transferFromSaving() // Move funds FROM SAVINGS to CHECKING { system("cls"); string name; long checkPos = 0; long savePos = 0; float savingBalance = 0; string saveAcctName; int i = 0; cin.clear(); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); cout << "\t\t-=[ Funds Transfer ]=-" << endl; cout << "\t\t-=[ Savings to Checking ]=-" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i = 0; i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name == checkAcctName) { cout << "Amount to transfer: $"; float depAmt = 0; cin >> depAmt; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; } checkPos = checkFile.tellg(); // if the file is found, get the position of acctBalance and store it in ptrPos checkFile.seekg(checkPos); checkFile >> acctBalance; savePos = saveFile.tellg(); saveFile.seekg(savePos); // sending the cursor in the file to ptrPos + 1 to ignore white space saveFile >> savingBalance; if(savingBalance < depAmt) // if checking account does not have enough funds, exit with NSF code fatal("[!!] Insufficient Funds\n"); acctBalance += depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator savingBalance -= depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator checkFile.seekp(checkPos); // go to position previously set above checkFile << acctBalance; // write new balance to checkFile saveFile.seekp(savePos); // same thing as above comment saveFile << savingBalance; // write new balance to saveFile cout << "New Balance in Checking: $" << acctBalance << endl; // will be removed later cout << "New Balance in Savings: $" << savingBalance << endl; // will be removed later aswell } else fatal("[!!] Linked accounts do not exist.\n"); // if account is not found saveFile.close(); checkFile.close(); } /******************************************************** ******************************************************** SAVING ACCOUNT CODE ********************************************************* *********************************************************/ void Saving::newSavingAccount() { system("cls"); ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts cout << "\t\t -=[ New Savings Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on account: "; getline(cin, saveAcctName); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; if(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { while(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!]0 or negative value entered.\nPerhaps a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; } } if(!saveFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); saveFile << saveAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); saveFile << acctNumber[j]; } saveFile << endl; saveFile << initSaveDeposit << endl; saveFile.close(); } void Saving::viewSavingBalance() { string name; int i = 0; fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); cin.clear(); system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ View Saving Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name == saveAcctName) { system("cls"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Saving Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << saveAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; saveFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } else fatal("[!!] Invalid Account\n"); saveFile.close(); getchar(); } // NEED TO WORK ON THIS PORTION TOMORROW AND MONDAY, ADD OVERLOADED OPS FOR ASSIGNMENT!!!!!!! void Saving::transferFromChecking() // This is to take money FROM checking and ADD IT TO SAVING { system("cls"); string name; long savePos = 0; long checkPos = 0; float checkingBalance = 0; string checkAcctName; int i = 0; cin.clear(); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::out | ios::beg); cout << "\t\t-=[ Funds Transfer ]=-" << endl; cout << "\t\t-=[ Checking to Savings ]=-" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && name != checkAcctName && !saveFile.fail() && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } if(name == saveAcctName) { cout << "Amount to transfer: $"; float depAmt = 0; cin >> depAmt; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; } savePos = saveFile.tellg(); // if the file is found, get the position of acctBalance and store it in ptrPos saveFile.seekg(savePos); saveFile >> acctBalance; checkPos = checkFile.tellg(); checkFile.seekg(checkPos); // if file is found, store current position of the cursor to ptrPos checkFile >> checkingBalance; if(checkingBalance < depAmt) // if checking account does not have enough funds, exit with NSF code fatal("[!!] Insufficient Funds\n"); // Can also place overloaded op here acctBalance += depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator checkingBalance -= depAmt; // can be changed to an overloaded operator saveFile.seekg(savePos); // go to position previously set above saveFile << acctBalance; // write new balance to saveFile checkFile.seekg(checkPos); // same thing as above comment checkFile << checkingBalance; // write new balance to checkFile cout << "New Balance in Savings: $" << acctBalance << endl; // will be removed later cout << "New Balance in Checking: $" << checkingBalance << endl; // will be removed later aswell } else fatal("[!!] Linked accounts do not exist.\n"); // if account is not found saveFile.close(); checkFile.close(); } /******************************************** ******************************************** CHECK AND SAVE CODE ********************************************** **********************************************/ void checkAndSave::newCheckAndSave() { system("cls"); ofstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving savings accounts ofstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::out | ios::app); // For saving checking accounts cout << "\t -=[ New Checking & Saving Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Name of the main holder to be on account: "; getline(cin, checkAcctName); saveAcctName = checkAcctName; cout << "Checking Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; if(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { while(initCheckDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!] 0 or negative amount entered\nMaybe a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initCheckDeposit; } } cout << "Saving Deposit Amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; if(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { while(initSaveDeposit <= 0) { invalid("[!!]0 or negative value entered.\nPerhaps a typo?\n"); cout << "Deposit amount: $"; cin >> initSaveDeposit; } } if(!saveFile || !checkFile) fatal("[!!] Fatal Error 251: Miscommunication with server\n"); checkFile << checkAcctName << endl; saveFile << saveAcctName << endl; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { acctNumber[j] = (rand() % 10); checkFile << acctNumber[j]; saveFile << acctNumber[j]; } saveFile << endl; saveFile << initSaveDeposit << endl; checkFile << endl; checkFile << initCheckDeposit << endl; checkFile.close(); saveFile.close(); } void checkAndSave::viewBothBalances() { string name; int i = 0; fstream checkFile("checking.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); fstream saveFile("saving.dat", ios::in | ios::beg); system("cls"); cin.clear(); cout << "\t-=[ Saving & Checking Account Balance ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: "; cin.sync(); getline(cin, name); getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); saveAcctName = name; /**********************\ | Checking Account portion | | of the checking & savings | | overview | \**********************/ while(name != checkAcctName && !checkFile.fail()) { i++; getline(checkFile, checkAcctName); } system("cls"); if(name != checkAcctName && checkFile.fail()) invalid("\n\n[!!] No Checking Account Found\n"); cout << "\t\t -=[ Checking Account ]=- \n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << checkAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; checkFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; checkFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; /*********************\ | Saving Account portion | | of the checking & saving | | overview | \*********************/ getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); while(name != saveAcctName && !saveFile.fail()) { i++; getline(saveFile, saveAcctName); } if(name != saveAcctName && saveFile.fail()) invalid("\n\n[!!] No Saving Account Found\n"); if(name == saveAcctName) { cout << "\t\t -=[ Saving Account ]=-\n\n" << endl; cout << "Account Name: " << saveAcctName << "\n"; cout << "Account Number: "; for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) { char input_number; stringstream converter; saveFile.get(input_number); converter << input_number; converter >> acctNumber[j]; cout << acctNumber[j]; } // if balance a problem, try the below commented out line // checkFile.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); cout << endl; saveFile >> acctBalance; cout << "Balance: $" << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << acctBalance << endl; } if(name != saveAcctName && name != checkAcctName && saveFile.fail() && checkFile.fail()) fatal("[!!] No Accounts Have Been Found\n"); checkFile.close(); saveFile.close(); getchar(); } Main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "MainBankClass.h" using namespace std; int main() { Banking bank; Checking check; Saving save; checkAndSave CanS; char choice; choice = bank.menu(); // Call the banking menu switch(choice) { case 'A': choice = bank.newAccountMenu(); switch(choice) { case 'A': check.newCheckingAccount(); break; case 'B': save.newSavingAccount(); break; case 'C': CanS.newCheckAndSave(); break; default: system("cls"); bank.fatal("[!!] Invalid option\n"); break; } break; /***********************************************/ case 'B': choice = bank.getBalanceChoice(); switch(choice) { case 'A': check.viewCheckingBalance(); break; case 'B': save.viewSavingBalance(); break; case 'C': CanS.viewBothBalances(); break; default: bank.fatal("Invalid decision\n"); break; } /*************************************************/ break; case 'C': check.transferFromSaving(); break; case 'D': save.transferFromChecking(); break; case 'E': system("cls"); cout << "\t\t-=[ Disconnecting From System ]=-\n"; cout << "\t\t\t Thank you" << endl; cout << "\t\t Have a nice day!" << endl; exit(1); break; default: system("cls"); bank.invalid("\n\n\n\n\t\t [+] Invalid Selection \n\t\t[+] Disconnecting From System \n\t\t\tGood-bye \n\n\n\n\n\n\n"); exit(1); break; } return 0; }

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Funny statements, quotes, phrases, errors found on technical Books [closed]

- by Felipe Fiali

I found some funny or redundant statements on technical books I've read, I'd like to share. And I mean good, serious, technical books. Ok so starting it all: The .NET framework doesn't support teleportation From MCTS 70-536 Training kit book - .NET Framework 2.0 Application Development Foundation Teleportation in science fiction is a good example of serialization (though teleportation is not currently supported byt the .NET Framework). C# 3 is sexy From Jon Skeet's C# in Depth second Edition You may be itching to get on to the sexy stuff from C# 3 by this point, and I don’t blame you. Instantiating a class From Introduction to development II in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009 To instantiate a class, is to create a new instance of it. Continue or break From Introduction to development II in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009 Continue and break commands are used within all three loops to tell the execution to break or continue. These are just a few. I'll post some more later. Share some that you might have found too.

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Simple question about a cocos2d based game template

- by Zishan

I am learning a cocos2d based Game template tutorial from here and now I am at this point of the tutorial. My question is, how can i run 30 different scenes in 30 different levels of 5 chapter? Now I am using this switch (gameData.selectedLevel) { case 1: [SceneManager goChapter1Level1Scene]; break; (... snip a whole lot of lines...) case 30: [SceneManager goChapter5Level6Scene]; break; default: break; } in the "- (void) onPlay: (CCMenuItemImage*) sender" method. But it work only for 6 levels scene of chapter1. Other 4 chapters levels are show as same as 1st chapter levels scene. they are not show their own level scene. can any one please teach me, how can I do this stuff using this game template?

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Objects won't render when Texture Compression + Mipmapping is Enabled

- by felipedrl

I'm optimizing my game and I've just implemented compressed (DXTn) texture loading in OpenGL. I've worked my way removing bugs but I can't figure out this one: objects w/ DXTn + mipmapped textures are not being rendered. It's not like they are appearing with a flat color, they just don't appear at all. DXTn textured objs render and mipmapped non-compressed textures render just fine. The texture in question is 256x256 I generate the mips all the way down 4x4, i.e 1 block. I've checked on gDebugger and it display all the levels (7) just fine. I'm using GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST for min filter and GL_LINEAR for mag one. The texture is being compressed and mipmaps being created offline with Paint.NET tool using super sampling method. (I also tried bilinear just in case) Source follow: [SNIPPET 1: Loading DDS into sys memory + Initializing Object] // Read header DDSHeader header; file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(DDSHeader)); uint pos = static_cast<uint>(file.tellg()); file.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end); uint dataSizeInBytes = static_cast<uint>(file.tellg()) - pos; file.seekg(pos, std::ios_base::beg); // Read file data mData = new unsigned char[dataSizeInBytes]; file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(mData), dataSizeInBytes); file.close(); mMipmapCount = header.mipmapcount; mHeight = header.height; mWidth = header.width; mCompressionType = header.pf.fourCC; // Only support files divisible by 4 (for compression blocks algorithms) massert(mWidth % 4 == 0 && mHeight % 4 == 0); massert(mCompressionType == NO_COMPRESSION || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT1 || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT3 || mCompressionType == COMPRESSION_DXT5); // Allow textures up to 65536x65536 massert(header.mipmapcount <= MAX_MIPMAP_LEVELS); mTextureFilter = TextureFilter::LINEAR; if (mMipmapCount > 0) { mMipmapFilter = MipmapFilter::NEAREST; } else { mMipmapFilter = MipmapFilter::NO_MIPMAP; } mBitsPerPixel = header.pf.bitcount; if (mCompressionType == NO_COMPRESSION) { if (header.pf.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS) { // The only format supported w/ alpha is A8R8G8B8 massert(header.pf.amask == 0xFF000000 && header.pf.rmask == 0xFF0000 && header.pf.gmask == 0xFF00 && header.pf.bmask == 0xFF); mInternalFormat = GL_RGBA8; mFormat = GL_BGRA; mDataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE; } else { massert(header.pf.rmask == 0xFF0000 && header.pf.gmask == 0xFF00 && header.pf.bmask == 0xFF); mInternalFormat = GL_RGB8; mFormat = GL_BGR; mDataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE; } } else { uint blockSizeInBytes = 16; switch (mCompressionType) { case COMPRESSION_DXT1: blockSizeInBytes = 8; if (header.pf.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS) { mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT; } else { mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT; } break; case COMPRESSION_DXT3: mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT; break; case COMPRESSION_DXT5: mInternalFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT; break; default: // Not Supported (DXT2, DXT4 or any compression format) massert(false); } } [SNIPPET 2: Uploading into video memory] massert(mData != NULL); glGenTextures(1, &mHandle); massert(mHandle!=0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mHandle); commitFiltering(); uint offset = 0; Renderer* renderer = Renderer::getInstance(); switch (mInternalFormat) { case GL_RGB: case GL_RGBA: case GL_RGB8: case GL_RGBA8: for (uint i = 0; i < mMipmapCount + 1; ++i) { uint width = std::max(1U, mWidth >> i); uint height = std::max(1U, mHeight >> i); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, i, mInternalFormat, width, height, mHasBorder, mFormat, mDataType, &mData[offset]); offset += width * height * (mBitsPerPixel / 8); } break; case GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT: case GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT: { uint blockSize = 16; if (mInternalFormat == GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT || mInternalFormat == GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT) { blockSize = 8; } uint width = mWidth; uint height = mHeight; for (uint i = 0; i < mMipmapCount + 1; ++i) { uint nBlocks = ((width + 3) / 4) * ((height + 3) / 4); // Only POT textures allowed for mipmapping massert(width % 4 == 0 && height % 4 == 0); glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, i, mInternalFormat, width, height, mHasBorder, nBlocks * blockSize, &mData[offset]); offset += nBlocks * blockSize; if (width <= 4 && height <= 4) { break; } width = std::max(4U, width / 2); height = std::max(4U, height / 2); } break; } default: // Not Supported massert(false); } Also I don't understand the "+3" in the block size computation but looking for a solution for my problema I've encountered people defining it as that. I guess it won't make a differente for POT textures but I put just in case. Thanks.

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Managing common code on Windows 7 (.NET) and Windows 8 (WinRT)

- by ryanabr

Recent announcements regarding Windows Phone 8 and the fact that it will have the WinRT behind it might make some of this less painful but I discovered the "XmlDocument" object is in a new location in WinRT and is almost the same as it's brother in .NET System.Xml.XmlDocument (.NET) Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlDocument (WinRT) The problem I am trying to solve is how to work with both types in the code that performs the same task on both Windows Phone 7 and Windows 8 platforms. The first thing I did was define my own XmlNode and XmlNodeList classes that wrap the actual Microsoft objects so that by using the "#if" compiler directive either work with the WinRT version of the type, or the .NET version from the calling code easily. public class XmlNode { #if WIN8 public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode Node { get; set; } public XmlNode(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.IXmlNode xmlNode) { Node = xmlNode; } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNode Node { get; set ; } public XmlNode(System.Xml.XmlNode xmlNode) { Node = xmlNode; } #endif } public class XmlNodeList { #if WIN8 public Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList List { get; set; } public int Count {get {return (int)List.Count;}} public XmlNodeList(Windows.Data.Xml.Dom.XmlNodeList list) { List = list; } #endif #if !WIN8 public System.Xml.XmlNodeList List { get; set ; } public int Count { get { return List.Count;}} public XmlNodeList(System.Xml.XmlNodeList list) { List = list; } #endif } From there I can then use my XmlNode and XmlNodeList in the calling code with out having to clutter the code with all of the additional #if switches. The challenge after this was the code that worked directly with the XMLDocument object needed to be seperate on both platforms since the method for populating the XmlDocument object is completly different on both platforms. To solve this issue. I made partial classes, one partial class for .NET and one for WinRT. Both projects have Links to the Partial Class that contains the code that is the same for the majority of the class, and the partial class contains the code that is unique to the version of the XmlDocument. The files with the little arrow in the lower left corner denotes 'linked files' and are shared in multiple projects but only exist in one location in source control. You can see that the _Win7 partial class is included directly in the project since it include code that is only for the .NET platform, where as it's cousin the _Win8 (not pictured above) has all of the code specific to the _Win8 platform. In the _Win7 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel { public static WUndergroundData GetWeatherData( double lat, double lng) { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData(); System.Net. WebClient c = new System.Net. WebClient(); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ; req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString()); req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(c.OpenRead(req)); foreach (XmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" )) { switch (item.Node.InnerText) { case "yesterday" : ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break ; case "conditions" : ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break ; case "forecast" : ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation" )),data); break ; } } return data; } } in _win8 partial class is this code: public partial class WUndergroundViewModel { public async static Task< WUndergroundData > GetWeatherData(double lat, double lng) { WUndergroundData data = new WUndergroundData (); HttpClient c = new HttpClient (); string req = "http://api.wunderground.com/api/xxxx/yesterday/conditions/forecast/q/[LAT],[LNG].xml" ; req = req.Replace( "[LAT]" , lat.ToString()); req = req.Replace( "[LNG]" , lng.ToString()); HttpResponseMessage msg = await c.GetAsync(req); string stream = await msg.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument (); doc.LoadXml(stream, null); foreach ( IXmlNode item in doc.SelectNodes("/response/features/feature" )) { switch (item.InnerText) { case "yesterday" : ParseForecast( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/txt_forecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/forecast/simpleforecast/forecastdays/forecastday" )), data); break; case "conditions" : ParseCurrent( new FishingControls.XmlNode (doc.SelectSingleNode("/response/current_observation" )), data); break; case "forecast" : ParseYesterday( new FishingControls.XmlNodeList (doc.SelectNodes( "/response/history/observations/observation")), data); break; } } return data; } } Summary: This method allows me to have common 'business' code for both platforms that is pretty clean, and I manage the technology differences separately. Thank you tostringtheory for your suggestion, I was considering that approach.

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returning correct multiTouch id

- by Max

I've spent countless hours on reading tutorials and looking at every question related to multiTouch from here and Stackoverflow. But I just cannot figure out how to do this correctly. I use a loop to get my pointerId, I dont see alot of people doing this but its the only way I've managed to get it somewhat working. I have two joysticks on my screen, one for moving and one for controlling my sprites rotation and the angle he shoots, like in Monster Shooter. Both these work fine. My problem is that when I Move my sprite at the same time as Im shooting, my touchingPoint for my movement is set to the touchingPoint of my shooting, since the x and y is higher on the touchingPoint of my shooting (moving-stick on left side of screen, shooting-stick on right side), my sprite speeds up, this creates an unwanted change in speed for my sprite. I will post my entire onTouch method here with some variable-changes to make it more understandable. Since I do not know where Im going wrong. public void update(MotionEvent event) { if (event == null && lastEvent == null) { return; } else if (event == null && lastEvent != null) { event = lastEvent; } else { lastEvent = event; } int pointerCount = event.getPointerCount(); for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) { int x = (int) event.getX(i); int y = (int) event.getY(i); int id = event.getPointerId(i); int action = event.getActionMasked(); int actionIndex = event.getActionIndex(); String actionString; switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: actionString = "DOWN"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: shooting=false; // when shooting is true, it shoots dragging=false; // when dragging is true, it moves actionString = "UP"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: actionString = "PNTR DOWN"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: shooting=false; dragging=false; actionString = "PNTR UP"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: shooting=false; dragging=false; actionString = "CANCEL"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: try{ if((int) event.getX(id) > 0 && (int) event.getX(id) < touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) < view.getHeight()){ movingPoint.x = (int) event.getX(id); movingPoint.y = (int) event.getY(id); dragging = true; } else if((int) event.getX(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getX(id) < view.getWidth() && (int) event.getY(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) < view.getHeight()){ shootingPoint.x = (int) event.getX(id); shootingPoint.y = (int) event.getY(id); shooting=true; }else{ shooting=false; dragging=false; } }catch(Exception e){ } actionString = "MOVE"; break; default: actionString = ""; } Wouldnt post this much code if I wasnt at an absolute loss of what I'm doing wrong. I simply can not get a good understanding of how multiTouching works. basicly movingPoint changes for both my first and second finger. I bind it to a box, but aslong as I hold one finger within this box, it changes its value based on where my second finger touches. It moves in the right direction and nothing gives an error, the problem is the speed-change, its almost like it adds up the two touchingPoints.

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How do global cancel/exit commands work in bash?

- by SecurityGate

As I have done multiple times before, I've written bash scripts, and just general commands that go nowhere. They just blink the little command line cursor at me for infinity until I control+C the command. When I do cancel the command, what exactly is going on when I do this? Am I somehow stopping and killing the current PID I'm working on? Does it jump to a different run-level and execute something to terminate the command? On a slightly different note, I've never been able to figure out how to set up something like this in a script or program I've worked on. Since I mostly program in Ruby, can I setup something like a certain key press stops the program? Every time I've looked into doing something similar, I always end up getting hung up when it comes to user input, whether that is a loop waiting for a condition, or something like this: def Break() user_break = gets.strip end def Main() Function1() Break() Function2() Break() [...] end It seems and is incredibly bulky, and definitely isn't easily scaled up or down.

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Activity and View [closed]

- by CYB

Now, I'm going to create an app that can reserve something. There's three function like menu, reserve, and search. However, I don't know that I should create them as three Activities or just use three views as the function. I want to switch to other function by onclicklistener. Below is my onClickListener, private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v) { switch(v.getId()){ case R.id.fuiButton1: break; case R.id.fuiButton2: break; case R.id.fuiButton3: break; } } }; Which is the best choice ?

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Subscript out of range error in VBScript script

- by user3912

I'm trying to move my entire User folder in Windows Vista to a non-system partition. To do so with a minimum hassle I'm following the directions provided at Ben's Blog, specifically the VBScript he provides. However executing the script throws up an error which I can't resolve myself. Here's the VBScript code followed by the text file it works from, and finally my error message. How do I correct the problem? VBScript Code: '# Perform dir /a c:\users > c:\dir.txt '# place this script file in c:\ too '# double click to run it '# run resulting script.bat from recovery mode repprefix = " Directory of..." ' Modify to your language sourcedrive = "C:\" targetdrive = "D:\" altsourcedrive = "C:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated alttargetdrive = "E:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated inname = "dir.txt" outname = "script.bat" userroot = "Users" set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' construct batch commands for saving rights, then link, the recreating rights Function GetCommand(curroot, line, typ, keyword) ' first need to get source and target pos = Instr(line, keyword) + Len(keyword) tuple = Trim(Mid(line, pos)) arr = Split(tuple, "[") oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "") oldlink = curroot & "\" & Trim(arr(0)) ' need to determine if we are pointing back to old disk newlink = replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, targetdrive) if(Instr(oldtarget, sourcedrive & userroot)) then newtarget = Replace(oldtarget, sourcedrive, targetdrive) else newtarget = oldtarget ' still pointing to original target end if ' comment out = "echo " & newlink & " --- " & newtarget & vbCrLf ' save permissions out = out & "icacls """ & replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, altsourcedrive) & """ /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf ' create link newlink = replace(newlink, targetdrive, alttargetdrive) if typ = "junction" then out = out & "mklink /j """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf else ' typ = "symlink" out = out & "mklink /d """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf end if 'set hidden attribute out = out & "attrib +h """ & newlink & """ /L" & vbCrLf ' apply permissions shortlink = Left(newlink, InstrRev(newlink, "\") - 1) 'icacls works strangely - non-orthogonal for restore out = out & "icacls """ & shortlink & """ /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf GetCommand = out & vbCrLf End Function Sub WriteToFile(file, text) ForWriting = 2 Create = true set outfile = fso.OpenTextFile(file, ForWriting, Create) Call outfile.Write(text) Call outfile.Close() End Sub outtext = "ROBOCOPY " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & alttargetdrive & userroot & " /E /COPYALL /XJ" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf set intext = fso.OpenTextFile(inname) while not intext.AtEndOfStream line = intext.ReadLine() if Instr(line, repprefix) then curroot = Replace(line, repprefix, "") elseif Instr(line, juncname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "junction", juncname) elseif Instr(line, linkname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "symlink", linkname) end if Wend outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "ren " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " _" & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "mklink /j " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & targetdrive & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & " /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" Call intext.Close() Call WriteToFile(outname, outtext) MsgBox("Done writing to " & outname) dir.txt: Volume in drive C is ACER Volume Serial Number is 08D7-C0CC Directory of c:\users 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} . 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} .. 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {SYMLINKD} All Users [C:\ProgramData] 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {DIR} Default 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {JUNCTION} Default User [C:\Users\Default] 08/21/2008 08:37 AM 174 desktop.ini 11/02/2006 08:50 AM {DIR} Public 07/19/2009 08:54 PM {DIR} Steve 1 File(s) 174 bytes 7 Dir(s) 5,679,947,776 bytes free Error Message: Windows Script Host Script: C:\user location.vbs Line: 25 Char: 2 Error: Subscript out of range: '[number: 1]' Code: 800A0009 Source: Microsoft VBScript runtime error (In the VBScript script that I'm using on my system, I believe that 'Line 25' corresponds to the line beginning with oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "").

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Subscript out of range error in VBScript script

- by SteveW

I'm trying to move my entire User folder in Windows Vista to a non-system partition. To do so with a minimum hassle I'm following the directions provided at Ben's Blog, specifically the VBScript he provides. However executing the script throws up an error which I can't resolve myself. Here's the VBScript code followed by the text file it works from, and finally my error message. How do I correct the problem? VBScript Code: '# Perform dir /a c:\users > c:\dir.txt '# place this script file in c:\ too '# double click to run it '# run resulting script.bat from recovery mode repprefix = " Directory of..." ' Modify to your language sourcedrive = "C:\" targetdrive = "D:\" altsourcedrive = "C:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated alttargetdrive = "E:\" 'leave same as target drive unless otherwise indicated inname = "dir.txt" outname = "script.bat" userroot = "Users" set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' construct batch commands for saving rights, then link, the recreating rights Function GetCommand(curroot, line, typ, keyword) ' first need to get source and target pos = Instr(line, keyword) + Len(keyword) tuple = Trim(Mid(line, pos)) arr = Split(tuple, "[") oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "") oldlink = curroot & "\" & Trim(arr(0)) ' need to determine if we are pointing back to old disk newlink = replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, targetdrive) if(Instr(oldtarget, sourcedrive & userroot)) then newtarget = Replace(oldtarget, sourcedrive, targetdrive) else newtarget = oldtarget ' still pointing to original target end if ' comment out = "echo " & newlink & " --- " & newtarget & vbCrLf ' save permissions out = out & "icacls """ & replace(oldlink, sourcedrive, altsourcedrive) & """ /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf ' create link newlink = replace(newlink, targetdrive, alttargetdrive) if typ = "junction" then out = out & "mklink /j """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf else ' typ = "symlink" out = out & "mklink /d """ & newlink & """ """ & newtarget & """" & vbCrLf end if 'set hidden attribute out = out & "attrib +h """ & newlink & """ /L" & vbCrLf ' apply permissions shortlink = Left(newlink, InstrRev(newlink, "\") - 1) 'icacls works strangely - non-orthogonal for restore out = out & "icacls """ & shortlink & """ /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf GetCommand = out & vbCrLf End Function Sub WriteToFile(file, text) ForWriting = 2 Create = true set outfile = fso.OpenTextFile(file, ForWriting, Create) Call outfile.Write(text) Call outfile.Close() End Sub outtext = "ROBOCOPY " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & alttargetdrive & userroot & " /E /COPYALL /XJ" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf set intext = fso.OpenTextFile(inname) while not intext.AtEndOfStream line = intext.ReadLine() if Instr(line, repprefix) then curroot = Replace(line, repprefix, "") elseif Instr(line, juncname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "junction", juncname) elseif Instr(line, linkname) then outtext = outtext & GetCommand(curroot, line, "symlink", linkname) end if Wend outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " /L /save " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "ren " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " _" & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "mklink /j " & altsourcedrive & userroot & " " & targetdrive & userroot & vbCrLf outtext = outtext & "icacls " & altsourcedrive & " /L /restore " & altsourcedrive & "permissions.txt" Call intext.Close() Call WriteToFile(outname, outtext) MsgBox("Done writing to " & outname) dir.txt: Volume in drive C is ACER Volume Serial Number is 08D7-C0CC Directory of c:\users 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} . 07/16/2009 12:29 PM {DIR} .. 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {SYMLINKD} All Users [C:\ProgramData] 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {DIR} Default 11/02/2006 09:02 AM {JUNCTION} Default User [C:\Users\Default] 08/21/2008 08:37 AM 174 desktop.ini 11/02/2006 08:50 AM {DIR} Public 07/19/2009 08:54 PM {DIR} Steve 1 File(s) 174 bytes 7 Dir(s) 5,679,947,776 bytes free Error Message: Windows Script Host Script: C:\user location.vbs Line: 25 Char: 2 Error: Subscript out of range: '[number: 1]' Code: 800A0009 Source: Microsoft VBScript runtime error (In the VBScript script that I'm using on my system, I believe that 'Line 25' corresponds to the line beginning with oldtarget = Replace(arr(1), "]", "").

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PowerShell Script to Deploy Multiple VM on Azure in Parallel #azure #powershell

- by Marco Russo (SQLBI)

This blog is usually dedicated to Business Intelligence and SQL Server, but I didn’t found easily on the web simple PowerShell scripts to help me deploying a number of virtual machines on Azure that I use for testing and development. Since I need to deploy, start, stop and remove many virtual machines created from a common image I created (you know, Tabular is not part of the standard images provided by Microsoft…), I wanted to minimize the time required to execute every operation from my Windows Azure PowerShell console (but I suggest you using Windows PowerShell ISE), so I also wanted to fire the commands as soon as possible in parallel, without losing the result in the console. In order to execute multiple commands in parallel, I used the Start-Job cmdlet, and using Get-Job and Receive-Job I wait for job completion and display the messages generated during background command execution. This technique allows me to reduce execution time when I have to deploy, start, stop or remove virtual machines. Please note that a few operations on Azure acquire an exclusive lock and cannot be really executed in parallel, but only one part of their execution time is subject to this lock. Thus, you obtain a better response time also in these scenarios (this is the case of the provisioning of a new VM). Finally, when you remove the VMs you still have the disk containing the virtual machine to remove. This cannot be done just after the VM removal, because you have to wait that the removal operation is completed on Azure. So I wrote a script that you have to run a few minutes after VMs removal and delete disks (and VHD) no longer related to a VM. I just check that the disk were associated to the original image name used to provision the VMs (so I don’t remove other disks deployed by other batches that I might want to preserve). These examples are specific for my scenario, if you need more complex configurations you have to change and adapt the code. But if your need is to create multiple instances of the same VM running in a workgroup, these scripts should be good enough. I prepared the following PowerShell scripts: ProvisionVMs: Provision many VMs in parallel starting from the same image. It creates one service for each VM. RemoveVMs: Remove all the VMs in parallel – it also remove the service created for the VM StartVMs: Starts all the VMs in parallel StopVMs: Stops all the VMs in parallel RemoveOrphanDisks: Remove all the disks no longer used by any VMs. Run this script a few minutes after RemoveVMs script. ProvisionVMs # Name of subscription $SubscriptionName = "Copy the SubscriptionName property you get from Get-AzureSubscription" # Name of storage account (where VMs will be deployed) $StorageAccount = "Copy the Label property you get from Get-AzureStorageAccount" function ProvisionVM( [string]$VmName ) { Start-Job -ArgumentList $VmName { param($VmName) $Location = "Copy the Location property you get from Get-AzureStorageAccount" $InstanceSize = "A5" # You can use any other instance, such as Large, A6, and so on $AdminUsername = "UserName" # Write the name of the administrator account in the new VM $Password = "Password" # Write the password of the administrator account in the new VM $Image = "Copy the ImageName property you get from Get-AzureVMImage" # You can list your own images using the following command: # Get-AzureVMImage | Where-Object {$_.PublisherName -eq "User" } New-AzureVMConfig -Name $VmName -ImageName $Image -InstanceSize $InstanceSize | Add-AzureProvisioningConfig -Windows -Password $Password -AdminUsername $AdminUsername| New-AzureVM -Location $Location -ServiceName "$VmName" -Verbose } } # Set the proper storage - you might remove this line if you have only one storage in the subscription Set-AzureSubscription -SubscriptionName $SubscriptionName -CurrentStorageAccount $StorageAccount # Select the subscription - this line is fundamental if you have access to multiple subscription # You might remove this line if you have only one subscription Select-AzureSubscription -SubscriptionName $SubscriptionName # Every line in the following list provisions one VM using the name specified in the argument # You can change the number of lines - use a unique name for every VM - don't reuse names # already used in other VMs already deployed ProvisionVM "test10" ProvisionVM "test11" ProvisionVM "test12" ProvisionVM "test13" ProvisionVM "test14" ProvisionVM "test15" ProvisionVM "test16" ProvisionVM "test17" ProvisionVM "test18" ProvisionVM "test19" ProvisionVM "test20" # Wait for all to complete While (Get-Job -State "Running") { Get-Job -State "Completed" | Receive-Job Start-Sleep 1 } # Display output from all jobs Get-Job | Receive-Job # Cleanup of jobs Remove-Job * # Displays batch completed echo "Provisioning VM Completed" RemoveVMs # Name of subscription $SubscriptionName = "Copy the SubscriptionName property you get from Get-AzureSubscription" function RemoveVM( [string]$VmName ) { Start-Job -ArgumentList $VmName { param($VmName) Remove-AzureService -ServiceName $VmName -Force -Verbose } } # Select the subscription - this line is fundamental if you have access to multiple subscription # You might remove this line if you have only one subscription Select-AzureSubscription -SubscriptionName $SubscriptionName # Every line in the following list remove one VM using the name specified in the argument # You can change the number of lines - use a unique name for every VM - don't reuse names # already used in other VMs already deployed RemoveVM "test10" RemoveVM "test11" RemoveVM "test12" RemoveVM "test13" RemoveVM "test14" RemoveVM "test15" RemoveVM "test16" RemoveVM "test17" RemoveVM "test18" RemoveVM "test19" RemoveVM "test20" # Wait for all to complete While (Get-Job -State "Running") { Get-Job -State "Completed" | Receive-Job Start-Sleep 1 } # Display output from all jobs Get-Job | Receive-Job # Cleanup Remove-Job * # Displays batch completed echo "Remove VM Completed" StartVMs # Name of subscription $SubscriptionName = "Copy the SubscriptionName property you get from Get-AzureSubscription" function StartVM( [string]$VmName ) { Start-Job -ArgumentList $VmName { param($VmName) Start-AzureVM -Name $VmName -ServiceName $VmName -Verbose } } # Select the subscription - this line is fundamental if you have access to multiple subscription # You might remove this line if you have only one subscription Select-AzureSubscription -SubscriptionName $SubscriptionName # Every line in the following list starts one VM using the name specified in the argument # You can change the number of lines - use a unique name for every VM - don't reuse names # already used in other VMs already deployed StartVM "test10" StartVM "test11" StartVM "test11" StartVM "test12" StartVM "test13" StartVM "test14" StartVM "test15" StartVM "test16" StartVM "test17" StartVM "test18" StartVM "test19" StartVM "test20" # Wait for all to complete While (Get-Job -State "Running") { Get-Job -State "Completed" | Receive-Job Start-Sleep 1 } # Display output from all jobs Get-Job | Receive-Job # Cleanup Remove-Job * # Displays batch completed echo "Start VM Completed" StopVMs # Name of subscription $SubscriptionName = "Copy the SubscriptionName property you get from Get-AzureSubscription" function StopVM( [string]$VmName ) { Start-Job -ArgumentList $VmName { param($VmName) Stop-AzureVM -Name $VmName -ServiceName $VmName -Verbose -Force } } # Select the subscription - this line is fundamental if you have access to multiple subscription # You might remove this line if you have only one subscription Select-AzureSubscription -SubscriptionName $SubscriptionName # Every line in the following list stops one VM using the name specified in the argument # You can change the number of lines - use a unique name for every VM - don't reuse names # already used in other VMs already deployed StopVM "test10" StopVM "test11" StopVM "test12" StopVM "test13" StopVM "test14" StopVM "test15" StopVM "test16" StopVM "test17" StopVM "test18" StopVM "test19" StopVM "test20" # Wait for all to complete While (Get-Job -State "Running") { Get-Job -State "Completed" | Receive-Job Start-Sleep 1 } # Display output from all jobs Get-Job | Receive-Job # Cleanup Remove-Job * # Displays batch completed echo "Stop VM Completed" RemoveOrphanDisks $Image = "Copy the ImageName property you get from Get-AzureVMImage" # You can list your own images using the following command: # Get-AzureVMImage | Where-Object {$_.PublisherName -eq "User" } # Remove all orphan disks coming from the image specified in $ImageName Get-AzureDisk | Where-Object {$_.attachedto -eq $null -and $_.SourceImageName -eq $ImageName} | Remove-AzureDisk -DeleteVHD -Verbose

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Ladder-like word game in Java

- by sasquatch90

I've found this question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2844190/choosing-design-method-for-ladder-like-word-game and I would also like to do this kind of program. I've written some code but already have two issues. Here's what I already have : GRID : public class Grid { public Grid(){} public Grid( Element e ){} } ELEMENT : public class Element { final int INVISIBLE = 0; final int EMPTY = 1; final int FIRST_LETTER = 2; final int OTHER_LETTER = 3; private int state; private String letter; public Element(){} //empty block public Element(int state){ this("", 0); } //filled block public Element(String s, int state){ this.state = state; this.letter = s; } public static void changeState(int s){ } public int getState(){ return state; } public boolean equalLength(){ return true; } public boolean equalValue(){ return true; } @Override public String toString(){ return "["+letter+"]"; } } MAIN: import java.util.Scanner; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Height: "); while (!sc.hasNextInt()) { System.out.println("int, please!"); sc.next(); } final int height = sc.nextInt(); Grid[] game = new Grid[height]; for(int i = 1; i <= height; i++) { String s; do { System.out.println("Length " + i + ", please!"); s = sc.next(); } while (s.length() != i); Element[] line = new Element[s.length()+1]; Element single = null; String[] temp = null; //issue here temp = s.split(""); System.out.println("s.length: "+s.length()); System.out.println("temp.length: "+temp.length); // for(String str : temp){ System.out.println("str:"+str); } for (int k = 0 ; k < temp.length ; k++) { if( k == 0 ){ single = new Element(temp[k], 2); System.out.println("single1: "+single); } else{ single = new Element(temp[k], 3); System.out.println("single2: "+single); } line[k] = single; } for (Element l : line) { System.out.println("line:"+l); } //issue here game[i] = line; } // for (Grid g : game) { System.out.println(g); } } } And sample output for debug : Height: 3 Length 1, please! A s.length: 1 temp.length: 2 str: str:A single1: [] single2: [A] line:[] line:[A] Here's what I think it should work like. I grab a word from user. Next create Grid element for whole game. Then for each line I create Element[] array called line. I split the given text and here's the first problem. Why string.split() adds a whitespace ? You can see clearly in output that it is added for no reason. How can I get rid of it (now I had to add +1 to the length of line just to run the code). Continuing I'm throwing the splitted text into temporary String array and next from each letter I create Element object and throw it to line array. Apart of this empty space output looks fine. But next problem is with Grid. I've created constructor taking Element as an argument, but still I can't throw line as Grid[] elements because of 'incompatible types'. How can I fix that ? Am I even doing it right ? Maybe I should get rid of line as Element[] and just create Grid[][] ?

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How to upgrade a remote server from 8.10 to newer version?

- by DisgruntledGoat

I have a remote server still running Ubuntu 8.10 9.04 that I can only access via SSH. If I run apt-get update I get a bunch of 404 errors on the packages. I've asked a few questions on Server Fault but got nowhere. Here's what I've done: Run apt-get update which returns errors like: Err http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com intrepid/main Packages 404 Not Found [and same for many other packages] Run do-release-upgrade which returns: Checking for a new ubuntu release Failed Upgrade tool signature Failed Upgrade tool Done downloading extracting 'jaunty.tar.gz' Failed to extract Extracting the upgrade failed. There may be a problem with the network or with the server. Edited /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and changed from Prompt=normal to Prompt=lts (as suggested here). Running do-release-upgrade after this returns: Checking for a new ubuntu release current dist not found in meta-release file No new release found (Updated) I have followed the advice in this question and changed /etc/apt/sources.list to refer to jaunty instead of intrepid. However, that distro is not online anymore either. A comment there says I have to upgrade in chronological order... So basically, it seems like I cannot upgrade because my current distro is out of date and not supported. Is there a way to upgrade direct to 10.x or 11.x? Note, as this is a server I only have command-line access. UPDATE 24/11: I have managed to upgrade from 8.10 to 9.04. Ubuntu's EOL Upgrades page provides some alternate URLs for apt sources. I also needed to update /var/lib/update-manager/meta-release to point to the old-releases server too. However, now I cannot upgrade from 9.04 to 9.10. Running do-release-upgrade produces the same error as #2 above, except it "Failed to fetch" (the URLs in meta-release are valid). The Ubuntu Jaunty upgrade page says it's necessary to upgrade using a CD image. I followed the instructions here, but it didn't work: A fatal error occurred Please report this as a bug and include the files /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log and /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log in your report. The upgrade is now aborted. Your original sources.list was saved in /etc/apt/sources.list.distUpgrade. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/karmic", line 7, in sys.exit(main()) File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/DistUpgradeMain.py", line 132, in main if app.run(): File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/DistUpgradeController.py", line 1590, in run return self.fullUpgrade() File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/DistUpgradeController.py", line 1506, in fullUpgrade if not self.doPostInitialUpdate(): File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/DistUpgradeController.py", line 762, in doPostInitialUpdate self.quirks.run("PostInitialUpdate") File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/DistUpgradeQuirks.py", line 83, in run for plugin in self.plugin_manager.get_plugins(condition): File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/computerjanitor/plugin.py", line 167, in get_plugins filenames = self.get_plugin_files() File "/tmp/tmp.JLhTwVUugb/computerjanitor/plugin.py", line 120, in get_plugin_files basenames = [x for x in os.listdir(dirname) OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: './plugins' It does say to report the bug, but since this is an old unsupported release I don't know if it's worth doing. However, is there a way round this, to upgrade from 9.04 to 9.10 (And then finally to 10.04 LTS.)

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Not your usual "The multi-part identifier could not be bound" error

- by Eugene Niemand

I have the following query, now the strange thing is if I run this query on my development and pre-prod server it runs fine. If I run it on production it fails. I have figured out that if I run just the Select statement its happy but as soon as I try insert into the table variable it complains. DECLARE @RESULTS TABLE ( [Parent] VARCHAR(255) ,[client] VARCHAR(255) ,[ComponentName] VARCHAR(255) ,[DealName] VARCHAR(255) ,[Purchase Date] DATETIME ,[Start Date] DATETIME ,[End Date] DATETIME ,[Value] INT ,[Currency] VARCHAR(255) ,[Brand] VARCHAR(255) ,[Business Unit] VARCHAR(255) ,[Region] VARCHAR(255) ,[DealID] INT ) INSERT INTO @RESULTS SELECT DISTINCT ClientName 'Parent' ,F.ClientID 'client' ,ComponentName ,A.DealName ,CONVERT(SMALLDATETIME , ISNULL(PurchaseDate , '1900-01-01')) 'Purchase Date' ,CONVERT(SMALLDATETIME , ISNULL(StartDate , '1900-01-01')) 'Start Date' ,CONVERT(SMALLDATETIME , ISNULL(EndDate , '1900-01-01')) 'End Date' ,DealValue 'Value' ,D.Currency 'Currency' ,ShortBrand 'Brand' ,G.BU 'Business Unit' ,C.DMRegion 'Region' ,DealID FROM LTCDB_admin_tbl_Deals A INNER JOIN dbo_DM_Brand B ON A.BrandID = B.ID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_DM_Region C ON A.Region = C.ID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Currency D ON A.Currency = D.ID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Deal_Clients E ON A.DealID = E.Deal_ID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Clients F ON E.Client_ID = F.ClientID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_DM_BU G ON G.ID = A.BU INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Deal_Components H ON A.DealID = H.Deal_ID INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Components I ON I.ComponentID = H.Component_ID WHERE EndDate != '1899-12-30T00:00:00.000' AND StartDate < EndDate AND B.ID IN ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 ) AND C.SalesRegionID IN ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 11 , 16 ) AND A.BU IN ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 30 ) AND ClientID = 16128 SELECT ... FROM @Results I get the following error Msg 8180, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Statement(s) could not be prepared. Msg 4104, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The multi-part identifier "Tbl1021.ComponentName" could not be bound. Msg 4104, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The multi-part identifier "Tbl1011.Currency" could not be bound. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2454'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2461'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2491'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2490'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2482'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2478'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2477'. Msg 207, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 Invalid column name 'Col2475'. EDIT - EDIT - EDIT - EDIT - EDIT - EDIT through a process of elimination I have found that following and wondered if anyone can shed some light on this. If I remove only the DISTINCT the query runs fine, add the DISTINCT and I get strange errors. Also I have found that if I comment the following lines then the query runs with the DISTINCT what is strange is that none of the columns in the table LTCDB_admin_tbl_Deal_Components is referenced so I don't see how the distinct will affect that. INNER JOIN LTCDB_admin_tbl_Deal_Components H ON A.DealID = H.Deal_ID

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OperationalError "unable to open database file" processing query results with SQLAlchemy and SQLite3

- by Peter

I'm running into this little problem that I hope is just a dumb user error. It looks like some sort of a size limit with a query to a SQLite database. I managed to reproduce the issue with an in-memory DB and a simple script shown below. I can make it work by either reducing the number of records in the DB; or by reducing the size of each record; or by dropping the order_by() call. I am using Python 2.5.5 and SQLAlchemy 0.6.0 in a Cygwin environment. Thanks! #!/usr/bin/python from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker import sqlalchemy import sqlalchemy.orm class Person(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:') Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) metadata = sqlalchemy.schema.MetaData(bind=engine) person_table = sqlalchemy.Table('person', metadata, sqlalchemy.Column('id', sqlalchemy.types.Integer, primary_key=True), sqlalchemy.Column('name', sqlalchemy.types.String)) metadata.create_all(engine) sqlalchemy.orm.mapper(Person, person_table) session = Session() session.add_all([Person("012345678901234567890123456789012") for i in range(5000)]) session.commit() persons = session.query(Person).order_by(Person.name).all() print "count =", len(persons) session.close() The all() call to the query result fails with the OperationalError exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./stress.py", line 27, in <module> persons = session.query(Person).order_by(Person.name).all() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 1343, in all return list(self) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 1451, in __iter__ return self._execute_and_instances(context) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 1456, in _execute_and_instances mapper=self._mapper_zero_or_none()) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 737, in execute clause, params or {}) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1109, in execute return Connection.executors[c](self, object, multiparams, params) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1186, in _execute_clauseelement return self.__execute_context(context) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1215, in __execute_context context.parameters[0], context=context) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1284, in _cursor_execute self._handle_dbapi_exception(e, statement, parameters, cursor, context) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1282, in _cursor_execute self.dialect.do_execute(cursor, statement, parameters, context=context) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 277, in do_execute cursor.execute(statement, parameters) sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) unable to open database file u'SELECT person.id AS person_id, person.name AS person_name \nFROM person ORDER BY person.name' ()

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Spring transaction demarcation causes new Hibernate session despite use of OSIV

- by Kelly Ellis

I'm using Hibernate with OpenSessionInViewInterceptor so that a single Hibernate session will be used for the entire HTTP request (or so I wish). The problem is that Spring-configured transaction boundaries are causing a new session to be created, so I'm running into the following problem (pseudocode): Start in method marked @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly = false) Hibernate session #1 starts Call DAO method to update object foo; foo gets loaded into session cache for session #1 Call another method to update foo.bar, this one is marked @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly = false) Transaction demarcation causes suspension of current transaction synchronization, which temporarily unbinds the current Hibernate session Hibernate session #2 starts since there's no currently-existing session Update field bar on foo (loading foo into session cache #2); persist to DB Transaction completes and method returns, session #1 resumes Call yet another method to update another field on foo Load foo from session cache #1, with old, incorrect value of bar Update field foo.baz, persist foo to DB foo.bar's old value overwrites the change we made in the previous step Configuration looks like: <bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor" autowire="byName"> <property name="flushModeName"> <value>FLUSH_AUTO</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" /> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="useTransactionAwareDataSource" value="true" /> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>/WEB-INF/xml/hibernate/content.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="lobHandler"> <ref local="oracleLobHandler" /> </property>  <property name="hibernateProperties" ref="HibernateProperties" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" /> </bean> I've done some debugging and figured out exactly where this is happening, here is the stack trace: Daemon Thread [http-8080-1] (Suspended (entry into method doUnbindResource in TransactionSynchronizationManager)) TransactionSynchronizationManager.doUnbindResource(Object) line: 222 TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(Object) line: 200 SpringSessionSynchronization.suspend() line: 115 DataSourceTransactionManager(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager).doSuspendSynchronization() line: 620 DataSourceTransactionManager(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager).suspend(Object) line: 549 DataSourceTransactionManager(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager).getTransaction(TransactionDefinition) line: 372 TransactionInterceptor(TransactionAspectSupport).createTransactionIfNecessary(TransactionAttribute, String) line: 263 TransactionInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation) line: 101 ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 171 JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 204 $Proxy14.changeVisibility(Long, ContentStatusVO, ContentAuditData) line: not available I can't figure out why transaction boundaries (even "nested" ones - though here we're just moving from SUPPORTS to REQUIRED) would cause the Hibernate session to be suspended, even though OpenSessionInViewInterceptor is in use. When the session is unbound, I see the following in my logs: [2010-02-16 18:20:59,150] DEBUG org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager Removed value [org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionHolder@7def534e] for key [org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryImpl@693f23a2] from thread [http-8080-1]

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how much time does grid.py take to run ?

- by trinity

Hello all , I am using libsvm for binary classification.. I wanted to try grid.py , as it is said to improve results.. I ran this script for five files in separate terminals , and the script has been running for more than 12 hours.. this is the state of my 5 terminals now : [root@localhost tools]# python grid.py sarts_nonarts_feat.txt>grid_arts.txt Warning: empty z range [61.3997:61.3997], adjusting to [60.7857:62.0137] line 2: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". Warning: empty z range [61.3997:61.3997], adjusting to [60.7857:62.0137] line 4: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". [root@localhost tools]# python grid.py sgames_nongames_feat.txt>grid_games.txt Warning: empty z range [64.5867:64.5867], adjusting to [63.9408:65.2326] line 2: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". Warning: empty z range [64.5867:64.5867], adjusting to [63.9408:65.2326] line 4: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". [root@localhost tools]# python grid.py sref_nonref_feat.txt>grid_ref.txt Warning: empty z range [62.4602:62.4602], adjusting to [61.8356:63.0848] line 2: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". Warning: empty z range [62.4602:62.4602], adjusting to [61.8356:63.0848] line 4: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". [root@localhost tools]# python grid.py sbiz_nonbiz_feat.txt>grid_biz.txt Warning: empty z range [67.9762:67.9762], adjusting to [67.2964:68.656] line 2: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". Warning: empty z range [67.9762:67.9762], adjusting to [67.2964:68.656] line 4: warning: Cannot contour non grid data. Please use "set dgrid3d". [root@localhost tools]# python grid.py snews_nonnews_feat.txt>grid_news.txt Wrong input format at line 494 Traceback (most recent call last): File "grid.py", line 223, in run if rate is None: raise "get no rate" TypeError: exceptions must be classes or instances, not str I had redirected the outputs to files , but those files for now contain nothing.. And , the following files were created : sbiz_nonbiz_feat.txt.out sbiz_nonbiz_feat.txt.png sarts_nonarts_feat.txt.out sarts_nonarts_feat.txt.png sgames_nongames_feat.txt.out sgames_nongames_feat.txt.png sref_nonref_feat.txt.out sref_nonref_feat.txt.png snews_nonnews_feat.txt.out (-- is empty ) There's just one line of information in .out files.. the ".png" files are some GNU PLOTS . But i dont understand what the above GNUplots / warnings convey .. Should i re-run them ? Can anyone please tell me on how much time this script might take if each input file contains about 144000 lines.. Thanks and regards

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Why the vertical scroll bar moves automatically ?

- by Misha Moroshko

I don't understand why the vertical scroll bar moves automatically to the most top position when "Line 9" clicked, for example. Further clicks does not move the scroll bar. Could anyone explain why, and how to fix this ? I work with Firefox 3.6.3. <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <body> <div> <table> <tr row='0'><td class='column1'>Line 0</td></tr> <tr row='1'><td class='column1'>Line 1</td></tr> <tr row='2'><td class='column1'>Line 2</td></tr> <tr row='3'><td class='column1'>Line 3</td></tr> <tr row='4'><td class='column1'>Line 4</td></tr> <tr row='5'><td class='column1'>Line 5</td></tr> <tr row='6'><td class='column1'>Line 6</td></tr> <tr row='7'><td class='column1'>Line 7</td></tr> <tr row='8'><td class='column1'>Line 8</td></tr> <tr row='9'><td class='column1'>Line 9</td></tr> </table> </div> </body> $(document).ready(function() { $(".column1").each(function(index) { $(this).after("<td class='column2'>Details " + index + "</td>"); $(this).toggle(function() { $("[row='" + index + "'] .column2").fadeIn("fast") }, function() { $("[row='" + index + "'] .column2").fadeOut("fast") }); }); }); div { overflow: auto; height: 100px; width: 300px; border: 1px solid blue; } .column1 { cursor: pointer; } .column2 { display: none; }

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Sun Solaris - Find out number of processors and cores

- by Adrian

Our SPARC server is running Sun Solaris 10; I would like to find out the actual number of processors and the number of cores for each processor. The output of psrinfo and prtdiag is ambiguous: $psrinfo -v Status of virtual processor 0 as of: dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss on-line since dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss. The sparcv9 processor operates at 1592 MHz, and has a sparcv9 floating point processor. Status of virtual processor 1 as of: dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss on-line since dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss. The sparcv9 processor operates at 1592 MHz, and has a sparcv9 floating point processor. Status of virtual processor 2 as of: dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss on-line since dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss. The sparcv9 processor operates at 1592 MHz, and has a sparcv9 floating point processor. Status of virtual processor 3 as of: dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss on-line since dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss. The sparcv9 processor operates at 1592 MHz, and has a sparcv9 floating point processor. _ $prtdiag -v System Configuration: Sun Microsystems sun4u Sun Fire V445 System clock frequency: 199 MHZ Memory size: 32GB ==================================== CPUs ==================================== E$ CPU CPU CPU Freq Size Implementation Mask Status Location --- -------- ---------- --------------------- ----- ------ -------- 0 1592 MHz 1MB SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi 3.4 on-line MB/C0/P0 1 1592 MHz 1MB SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi 3.4 on-line MB/C1/P0 2 1592 MHz 1MB SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi 3.4 on-line MB/C2/P0 3 1592 MHz 1MB SUNW,UltraSPARC-IIIi 3.4 on-line MB/C3/P0 _ $more /etc/release Solaris 10 8/07 s10s_u4wos_12b SPARC Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Assembled 16 August 2007 Patch Cluster - EIS 29/01/08(v3.1.5) What other methods can I use? EDITED: It looks like we have a 4 processor system with one core each: $psrinfo -p 4 _ $psrinfo -pv The physical processor has 1 virtual processor (0) UltraSPARC-IIIi (portid 0 impl 0x16 ver 0x34 clock 1592 MHz) The physical processor has 1 virtual processor (1) UltraSPARC-IIIi (portid 1 impl 0x16 ver 0x34 clock 1592 MHz) The physical processor has 1 virtual processor (2) UltraSPARC-IIIi (portid 2 impl 0x16 ver 0x34 clock 1592 MHz) The physical processor has 1 virtual processor (3) UltraSPARC-IIIi (portid 3 impl 0x16 ver 0x34 clock 1592 MHz)

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Gwibber on Ubuntu doesn't open

- by Radian

Gwibber Doesn't open . When I tried to Open it from Command Line I got this error ** (gwibber:3752): WARNING **: Trying to register gtype 'WnckWindowState' as enum when in fact it is of type 'GFlags' ** (gwibber:3752): WARNING **: Trying to register gtype 'WnckWindowActions' as enum when in fact it is of type 'GFlags' ** (gwibber:3752): WARNING **: Trying to register gtype 'WnckWindowMoveResizeMask' as enum when in fact it is of type 'GFlags' No dbus monitor yet Updating... ERROR:dbus.proxies:Introspect error on com.Gwibber.Service:/com/gwibber/Service: dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message did not receive a reply (timeout by message bus) Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/gwibber", line 67, in client.Client() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/gwibber/client.py", line 447, in init self.w = GwibberClient() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/gwibber/client.py", line 29, in init self.model = gwui.Model() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/gwibber/gwui.py", line 43, in init self.services = json.loads(self.daemon.GetServices()) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/dbus/proxies.py", line 68, in call return self._proxy_method(*args, **keywords) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/dbus/proxies.py", line 140, in call **keywords) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/dbus/connection.py", line 620, in call_blocking message, timeout) dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message did not receive a reply (timeout by message bus) I tried to remove it and to Install again but It has the same error It was Working probably , then suddenly it didn't

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gentoo zlib removed = portage corrupted

- by Shamanu4

Hello I'm using gentoo not for a long time and have made such mistake: I've removed zlib package from system. Now i've got my portage system corrupted: # emerge --sync Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/emerge", line 36, in <module> from _emerge.main import emerge_main File "/usr/lib64/portage/pym/_emerge/main.py", line 41, in <module> from _emerge.actions import action_config, action_sync, action_metadata, \ File "/usr/lib64/portage/pym/_emerge/actions.py", line 44, in <module> from _emerge.depgraph import backtrack_depgraph, depgraph, resume_depgraph File "/usr/lib64/portage/pym/_emerge/depgraph.py", line 40, in <module> from _emerge.FakeVartree import FakeVartree File "/usr/lib64/portage/pym/_emerge/FakeVartree.py", line 11, in <module> from portage.dbapi.vartree import vartree File "/usr/lib64/portage/pym/portage/dbapi/vartree.py", line 56, in <module> import re, shutil, stat, errno, copy, subprocess File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 430, in <module> import pickle File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/pickle.py", line 1258, in <module> import binascii as _binascii ImportError: libz.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory How can I reinstall zlip package and repair system?

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How to line up columns using paste(1)? or how to make an aligned table merging lines in the shell?

- by nn

Hi, I want to merge lines such that the merged lines are aligned on the same boundary. UNIX paste(1) does this nicely when lines all meet at the same tab boundary, but when lines differ in size (in the file that lines are being merged into), the text comes out awkward. Example of paste(1) that has the desired effect: $ echo -e "a\nb\nccc\nd" | paste - - a b ccc d Example of paste(1) with undesired effect: $ echo -e "a\nb\ncccccccccccc\nd" | paste - - a b cccccccccccc d Note how the 2nd column doesn't line up. I want 'b' to line up with 'd', which requires an additional tab. Unfortunately I believe this is the limit for the paste utility, so if anyone has any idea of how to get the desired effect above, I'd love to hear it.

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Azure WNS to Win8 - Push Notifications for Metro Apps

- by JoshReuben

Background The Windows Azure Toolkit for Windows 8 allows you to build a Windows Azure Cloud Service that can send Push Notifications to registered Metro apps via Windows Notification Service (WNS). Some configuration is required - you need to: Register the Metro app for Windows Live Application Management Provide Package SID & Client Secret to WNS Modify the Azure Cloud App cscfg file and the Metro app package.appxmanifest file to contain matching Metro package name, SID and client secret. The Mechanism: These notifications take the form of XAML Tile, Toast, Raw or Badge UI notifications. The core engine is provided via the WNS nuget recipe, which exposes an API for constructing payloads and posting notifications to WNS. An application receives push notifications by requesting a notification channel from WNS, which returns a channel URI that the application then registers with a cloud service. In the cloud service, A WnsAccessTokenProvider authenticates with WNS by providing its credentials, the package SID and secret key, and receives in return an access token that the provider caches and can reuse for multiple notification requests. The cloud service constructs a notification request by filling out a template class that contains the information that will be sent with the notification, including text and image references. Using the channel URI of a registered client, the cloud service can then send a notification whenever it has an update for the user. The package contains the NotificationSendUtils class for submitting notifications. The Windows Azure Toolkit for Windows 8 (WAT) provides the PNWorker sample pair of solutions - The Azure server side contains a WebRole & a WorkerRole. The WebRole allows submission of new push notifications into an Azure Queue which the WorkerRole extracts and processes. Further background resources: http://watwindows8.codeplex.com/ - Windows Azure Toolkit for Windows 8 http://watwindows8.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=Push%20Notification%20Worker%20Sample - WAT WNS sample setup http://watwindows8.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=Using%20the%20Windows%208%20Cloud%20Application%20Services%20Application – using Windows 8 with Cloud Application Services A bit of Configuration Register the Metro apps for Windows Live Application Management From the current app manifest of your metro app Publish tab, copy the Package Display Name and the Publisher From: https://manage.dev.live.com/Build/ Package name: <-- we need to change this Client secret: keep this Package Security Identifier (SID): keep this Verify the app here: https://manage.dev.live.com/Applications/Index - so this step is done "If you wish to send push notifications in your application, provide your Package Security Identifier (SID) and client secret to WNS." Provide Package SID & Client Secret to WNS http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh465407.aspx - How to authenticate with WNS https://appdev.microsoft.com/StorePortals/en-us/Account/Signup/PurchaseSubscription - register app with dashboard - need registration code or register a new account & pay $170 shekels http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh868184.aspx - Registering for a Windows Store developer account http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh868187.aspx - Picking a Microsoft account for the Windows Store The WNS Nuget Recipe The WNS Recipe is a nuget package that provides an API for authenticating against WNS, constructing payloads and posting notifications to WNS. After installing this package, a WnsRecipe assembly is added to project references. To send notifications using WNS, first register the application at the Windows Push Notifications & Live Connect portal to obtain Package Security Identifier (SID) and a secret key that your cloud service uses to authenticate with WNS. An application receives push notifications by requesting a notification channel from WNS, which returns a channel URI that the application then registers with a cloud service. In the cloud service, the WnsAccessTokenProvider authenticates with WNS by providing its credentials, the package SID and secret key, and receives in return an access token that the provider caches and can reuse for multiple notification requests. The cloud service constructs a notification request by filling out a template class that contains the information that will be sent with the notification, including text and image references.Using the channel URI of a registered client, the cloud service can then send a notification whenever it has an update for the user. var provider = new WnsAccessTokenProvider(clientId, clientSecret); var notification = new ToastNotification(provider) { ToastType = ToastType.ToastText02, Text = new List<string> { "blah"} }; notification.Send(channelUri); the WNS Recipe is instrumented to write trace information via a trace listener – configuratively or programmatically from Application_Start(): WnsDiagnostics.Enable(); WnsDiagnostics.TraceSource.Listeners.Add(new DiagnosticMonitorTraceListener()); WnsDiagnostics.TraceSource.Switch.Level = SourceLevels.Verbose; The WAT PNWorker Sample The Azure server side contains a WebRole & a WorkerRole. The WebRole allows submission of new push notifications into an Azure Queue which the WorkerRole extracts and processes. Overview of Push Notification Worker Sample The toolkit includes a sample application based on the same solution structure as the one created by theWindows 8 Cloud Application Services project template. The sample demonstrates how to off-load the job of sending Windows Push Notifications using a Windows Azure worker role. You can find the source code in theSamples\PNWorker folder. This folder contains a full version of the sample application showing how to use Windows Push Notifications using ASP.NET Membership as the authentication mechanism. The sample contains two different solution files: WATWindows.Azure.sln: This solution must be opened with Visual Studio 2010 and contains the projects related to the Windows Azure web and worker roles. WATWindows.Client.sln: This solution must be opened with Visual Studio 11 and contains the Windows Metro style application project. Only Visual Studio 2010 supports Windows Azure cloud projects so you currently need to use this edition to launch the server application. This will change in a future release of the Windows Azure tools when support for Visual Studio 11 is enabled. Important: Setting up the PNWorker Sample Before running the PNWorker sample, you need to register the application and configure it: 1. Register the app: To register your application, go to the Windows Live Application Management site for Metro style apps at https://manage.dev.live.com/build and sign in with your Windows Live ID. In the Windows Push Notifications & Live Connect page, enter the following information. Package Display Name PNWorker.Sample Publisher CN=127.0.0.1, O=TESTING ONLY, OU=Windows Azure DevFabric 2. 3. Once you register the application, make a note of the values shown in the portal for Client Secret,Package Name and Package SID. 4. Configure the app - double-click the SetupSample.cmd file located inside the Samples\PNWorker folder to launch a tool that will guide you through the process of configuring the sample. setup runs a PowerShell script that requires running with administration privileges to allow the scripts to execute in your machine. When prompted, enter the Client Secret, Package Name, and Package Security Identifier you obtained previously and wait until the tool finishes configuring your sample. Running the PNWorker Sample To run this sample, you must run both the client and the server application projects. 1. Open Visual Studio 2010 as an administrator. Open the WATWindows.Azure.sln solution. Set the start-up project of the solution as the cloud project. Run the app in the dev fabric to test. 2. Open Visual Studio 11 and open the WATWindows.Client.sln solution. Run the Metro client application. In the client application, click Reopen channel and send to server. à the application opens the channel and registers it with the cloud application, & the Output area shows the channel URI. 3. Refresh the WebRole's Push Notifications page to see the UI list the newly registered client. 4. Send notifications to the client application by clicking the Send Notification button. Setup 3 command files + 1 powershell script: SetupSample.cmd –> SetupWPNS.vbs –> SetupWPNS.cmd –> SetupWPNS.UpdateWPNSCredentialsInServiceConfiguration.ps1 appears to set PackageName – from manifest Client Id package security id (SID) – from registration Client Secret – from registration The following configs are modified: WATWindows\ServiceConfiguration.Cloud.cscfg WATWindows\ServiceConfiguration.Local.cscfg WATWindows.Client\package.appxmanifest WatWindows.Notifications A class library – it references the following WNS DLL: C:\WorkDev\CountdownValue\AzureToolkits\WATWindows8\Samples\PNWorker\packages\WnsRecipe.0.0.3.0\lib\net40\WnsRecipe.dll NotificationJobRequest A DataContract for triggering notifications: using System.Runtime.Serialization; using Microsoft.Windows.Samples.Notifications; [DataContract] [KnownType(typeof(WnsAccessTokenProvider))] public class NotificationJobRequest { [DataMember] public bool ProcessAsync { get; set; } [DataMember] public string Payload { get; set; } [DataMember] public string ChannelUrl { get; set; } [DataMember] public NotificationType NotificationType { get; set; } [DataMember] public IAccessTokenProvider AccessTokenProvider { get; set; } [DataMember] public NotificationSendOptions NotificationSendOptions{ get; set; } } Investigated these types: WnsAccessTokenProvider – a DataContract that contains the client Id and client secret NotificationType – an enum that can be: Tile, Toast, badge, Raw IAccessTokenProvider – get or reset the access token NotificationSendOptions – SecondsTTL, NotificationPriority (enum), isCache, isRequestForStatus, Tag There is also a NotificationJobSerializer class which basically wraps a DataContractSerializer serialization / deserialization of NotificationJobRequest The WNSNotificationJobProcessor class This class wraps the NotificationSendUtils API – it periodically extracts any NotificationJobRequest objects from a CloudQueue and submits them to WNS. The ProcessJobMessageRequest method – this is the punchline: it will deserialize a CloudQueueMessage into a NotificationJobRequest & send pass its contents to NotificationUtils to SendAsynchronously / SendSynchronously, (and then dequeue the message). public override void ProcessJobMessageRequest(CloudQueueMessage notificationJobMessageRequest) { Trace.WriteLine("Processing a new Notification Job Request", "Information"); NotificationJobRequest pushNotificationJob = NotificationJobSerializer.Deserialize(notificationJobMessageRequest.AsString); if (pushNotificationJob != null) { if (pushNotificationJob.ProcessAsync) { Trace.WriteLine("Sending the notification asynchronously", "Information"); NotificationSendUtils.SendAsynchronously( new Uri(pushNotificationJob.ChannelUrl), pushNotificationJob.AccessTokenProvider, pushNotificationJob.Payload, result => this.ProcessSendResult(pushNotificationJob, result), result => this.ProcessSendResultError(pushNotificationJob, result), pushNotificationJob.NotificationType, pushNotificationJob.NotificationSendOptions); } else { Trace.WriteLine("Sending the notification synchronously", "Information"); NotificationSendResult result = NotificationSendUtils.Send( new Uri(pushNotificationJob.ChannelUrl), pushNotificationJob.AccessTokenProvider, pushNotificationJob.Payload, pushNotificationJob.NotificationType, pushNotificationJob.NotificationSendOptions); this.ProcessSendResult(pushNotificationJob, result); } } else { Trace.WriteLine("Could not deserialize the notification job", "Error"); } this.queue.DeleteMessage(notificationJobMessageRequest); } Investigation of NotificationSendUtils class - This is the engine – it exposes Send and a SendAsyncronously overloads that take the following params from the NotificationJobRequest: Channel Uri AccessTokenProvider Payload NotificationType NotificationSendOptions WebRole WebRole is a large MVC project – it references WatWindows.Notifications as well as the following WNS DLL: \AzureToolkits\WATWindows8\Samples\PNWorker\packages\WnsRecipe.0.0.3.0\lib\net40\NotificationsExtensions.dll Controllers\PushNotificationController.cs Notification related namespaces: using Notifications; using NotificationsExtensions; using NotificationsExtensions.BadgeContent; using NotificationsExtensions.RawContent; using NotificationsExtensions.TileContent; using NotificationsExtensions.ToastContent; using Windows.Samples.Notifications; TokenProvider – initialized from the Azure RoleEnvironment: IAccessTokenProvider tokenProvider = new WnsAccessTokenProvider( RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("WNSPackageSID"), RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("WNSClientSecret")); SendNotification method – calls QueuePushMessage method to create and serialize a NotificationJobRequest and enqueue it in a CloudQueue [HttpPost] public ActionResult SendNotification( [ModelBinder(typeof(NotificationTemplateModelBinder))] INotificationContent notification, string channelUrl, NotificationPriority priority = NotificationPriority.Normal) { var payload = notification.GetContent(); var options = new NotificationSendOptions() { Priority = priority }; var notificationType = notification is IBadgeNotificationContent ? NotificationType.Badge : notification is IRawNotificationContent ? NotificationType.Raw : notification is ITileNotificationContent ? NotificationType.Tile : NotificationType.Toast; this.QueuePushMessage(payload, channelUrl, notificationType, options); object response = new { Status = "Queued for delivery to WNS" }; return this.Json(response); } GetSendTemplate method: Create the cshtml partial rendering based on the notification type [HttpPost] public ActionResult GetSendTemplate(NotificationTemplateViewModel templateOptions) { PartialViewResult result = null; switch (templateOptions.NotificationType) { case "Badge": templateOptions.BadgeGlyphValueContent = Enum.GetNames(typeof( GlyphValue)); ViewBag.ViewData = templateOptions; result = PartialView("_" + templateOptions.NotificationTemplateType); break; case "Raw": ViewBag.ViewData = templateOptions; result = PartialView("_Raw"); break; case "Toast": templateOptions.TileImages = this.blobClient.GetAllBlobsInContainer(ConfigReader.GetConfigValue("TileImagesContainer")).OrderBy(i => i.FileName).ToList(); templateOptions.ToastAudioContent = Enum.GetNames(typeof( ToastAudioContent)); templateOptions.Priorities = Enum.GetNames(typeof( NotificationPriority)); ViewBag.ViewData = templateOptions; result = PartialView("_" + templateOptions.NotificationTemplateType); break; case "Tile": templateOptions.TileImages = this.blobClient.GetAllBlobsInContainer(ConfigReader.GetConfigValue("TileImagesContainer")).OrderBy(i => i.FileName).ToList(); ViewBag.ViewData = templateOptions; result = PartialView("_" + templateOptions.NotificationTemplateType); break; } return result; } Investigated these types: ToastAudioContent – an enum of different Win8 sound effects for toast notifications GlyphValue – an enum of different Win8 icons for badge notifications · Infrastructure\NotificationTemplateModelBinder.cs WNS Namespace references using NotificationsExtensions.BadgeContent; using NotificationsExtensions.RawContent; using NotificationsExtensions.TileContent; using NotificationsExtensions.ToastContent; Various NotificationFactory derived types can server as bindable models in MVC for creating INotificationContent types. Default values are also set for IWideTileNotificationContent & IToastNotificationContent. Type factoryType = null; switch (notificationType) { case "Badge": factoryType = typeof(BadgeContentFactory); break; case "Tile": factoryType = typeof(TileContentFactory); break; case "Toast": factoryType = typeof(ToastContentFactory); break; case "Raw": factoryType = typeof(RawContentFactory); break; } Investigated these types: BadgeContentFactory – CreateBadgeGlyph, CreateBadgeNumeric (???) TileContentFactory – many notification content creation methods , apparently one for every tile layout type ToastContentFactory – many notification content creation methods , apparently one for every toast layout type RawContentFactory – passing strings WorkerRole WNS Namespace references using Notifications; using Notifications.WNS; using Windows.Samples.Notifications; OnStart() Method – on Worker Role startup, initialize the NotificationJobSerializer, the CloudQueue, and the WNSNotificationJobProcessor _notificationJobSerializer = new NotificationJobSerializer(); _cloudQueueClient = this.account.CreateCloudQueueClient(); _pushNotificationRequestsQueue = _cloudQueueClient.GetQueueReference(ConfigReader.GetConfigValue("RequestQueueName")); _processor = new WNSNotificationJobProcessor(_notificationJobSerializer, _pushNotificationRequestsQueue); Run() Method – poll the Azure Queue for NotificationJobRequest messages & process them: while (true) { Trace.WriteLine("Checking for Messages", "Information"); try { Parallel.ForEach( this.pushNotificationRequestsQueue.GetMessages(this.batchSize), this.processor.ProcessJobMessageRequest); } catch (Exception e) { Trace.WriteLine(e.ToString(), "Error"); } Trace.WriteLine(string.Format("Sleeping for {0} seconds", this.pollIntervalMiliseconds / 1000)); Thread.Sleep(this.pollIntervalMiliseconds); } How I learned to appreciate Win8 There is really only one application architecture for Windows 8 apps: Metro client side and Azure backend – and that is a good thing. With WNS, tier integration is so automated that you don’t even have to leverage a HTTP push API such as SignalR. This is a pretty powerful development paradigm, and has changed the way I look at Windows 8 for RAD business apps. When I originally looked at Win8 and the WinRT API, my first opinion on Win8 dev was as follows – GOOD:WinRT, WRL, C++/CX, WinJS, XAML (& ease of Direct3D integration); BAD: low projected market penetration,.NET lobotomized (Only 8% of .NET 4.5 classes can be used in Win8 non-desktop apps - http://bit.ly/HRuJr7); UGLY:Metro pascal tiles! Perhaps my 80s teenage years gave me a punk reactionary sense of revulsion towards the Partridge Family 70s style that Metro UX seems to have appropriated: On second thought though, it simplifies UI dev to a single paradigm (although UX guys will need to change career) – you will not find an easier app dev environment. Speculation: If LightSwitch is going to support HTML5 client app generation, then its a safe guess to say that vnext will support Win8 Metro XAML - a much easier port from Silverlight XAML. Given the VS2012 LightSwitch integration as a thumbs up from the powers that be at MS, and given that Win8 C#/XAML Metro apps tend towards a streamlined 'golden straight-jacket' cookie cutter app dev style with an Azure back-end supporting Win8 push notifications... --> its easy to extrapolate than LightSwitch vnext could well be the Win8 Metro XAML to Azure RAD tool of choice! The hook is already there - :) Why else have the space next to the HTML Client box? This high level of application development abstraction will facilitate rapid app cookie-cutter architecture-infrastructure frameworks for wrapping any app. This will allow me to avoid too much XAML code-monkeying around & focus on my area of interest: Technical Computing.

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R Package Installation with Oracle R Enterprise

- by Sherry LaMonica-Oracle

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Programming languages give developers the opportunity to write reusable functions and to bundle those functions into logical deployable entities. In R, these are called packages. R has thousands of such packages provided by an almost equally large group of third-party contributors. To allow others to benefit from these packages, users can share packages on the CRAN system for use by the vast R development community worldwide. R's package system along with the CRAN framework provides a process for authoring, documenting and distributing packages to millions of users. In this post, we'll illustrate the various ways in which such R packages can be installed for use with R and together with Oracle R Enterprise. In the following, the same instructions apply when using either open source R or Oracle R Distribution. In this post, we cover the following package installation scenarios for: R command line Linux shell command line Use with Oracle R Enterprise Installation on Exadata or RAC Installing all packages in a CRAN Task View Troubleshooting common errors 1. R Package Installation BasicsR package installation basics are outlined in Chapter 6 of the R Installation and Administration Guide. There are two ways to install packages from the command line: from the R command line and from the shell command line. For this first example on Oracle Linux using Oracle R Distribution, we’ll install the arules package as root so that packages will be installed in the default R system-wide location where all users can access it, /usr/lib64/R/library.Within R, using the install.packages function always attempts to install the latest version of the requested package available on CRAN:R> install.packages("arules")If the arules package depends upon other packages that are not already installed locally, the R installer automatically downloads and installs those required packages. This is a huge benefit that frees users from the task of identifying and resolving those dependencies.You can also install R from the shell command line. This is useful for some packages when an internet connection is not available or for installing packages not uploaded to CRAN. To install packages this way, first locate the package on CRAN and then download the package source to your local machine. For example:$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/arules_1.1-2.tar.gz Then, install the package using the command R CMD INSTALL:$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gzA major difference between installing R packages using the R package installer at the R command line and shell command line is that package dependencies must be resolved manually at the shell command line. Package dependencies are listed in the Depends section of the package’s CRAN site. If dependencies are not identified and installed prior to the package’s installation, you will see an error similar to:ERROR: dependency ‘xxx’ is not available for package ‘yyy’As a best practice and to save time, always refer to the package’s CRAN site to understand the package dependencies prior to attempting an installation. If you don’t run R as root, you won’t have permission to write packages into the default system-wide location and you will be prompted to create a personal library accessible by your userid. You can accept the personal library path chosen by R, or specify the library location by passing parameters to the install.packages function. For example, to create an R package repository in your home directory: R> install.packages("arules", lib="/home/username/Rpackages")or$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gz --library=/home/username/RpackagesRefer to the install.packages help file in R or execute R CMD INSTALL --help at the shell command line for a full list of command line options.To set the library location and avoid having to specify this at every package install, simply create the R startup environment file .Renviron in your home area if it does not already exist, and add the following piece of code to it:R_LIBS_USER = "/home/username/Rpackages" 2. Setting the RepositoryEach time you install an R package from the R command line, you are asked which CRAN mirror, or server, R should use. To set the repository and avoid having to specify this during every package installation, create the R startup command file .Rprofile in your home directory and add the following R code to it:cat("Setting Seattle repository")r = getOption("repos") r["CRAN"] = "http://cran.fhcrc.org/"options(repos = r)rm(r) This code snippet sets the R package repository to the Seattle CRAN mirror at the start of each R session. 3. Installing R Packages for use with Oracle R EnterpriseEmbedded R execution with Oracle R Enterprise allows the use of CRAN or other third-party R packages in user-defined R functions executed on the Oracle Database server. The steps for installing and configuring packages for use with Oracle R Enterprise are the same as for open source R. The database-side R engine just needs to know where to find the R packages.The Oracle R Enterprise installation is performed by user oracle, which typically does not have write permission to the default site-wide library, /usr/lib64/R/library. On Linux and UNIX platforms, the Oracle R Enterprise Server installation provides the ORE script, which is executed from the operating system shell to install R packages and to start R. The ORE script is a wrapper for the default R script, a shell wrapper for the R executable. It can be used to start R, run batch scripts, and build or install R packages. Unlike the default R script, the ORE script installs packages to a location writable by user oracle and accessible by all ORE users - $ORACLE_HOME/R/library.To install a package on the database server so that it can be used by any R user and for use in embedded R execution, an Oracle DBA would typically download the package source from CRAN using wget. If the package depends on any packages that are not in the R distribution in use, download the sources for those packages, also. For a single Oracle Database instance, replace the R script with ORE to install the packages in the same location as the Oracle R Enterprise packages. $ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/arules_1.1-2.tar.gz$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gzBehind the scenes, the ORE script performs the equivalent of setting R_LIBS_USER to the value of $ORACLE_HOME/R/library, and all R packages installed with the ORE script are installed to this location. For installing a package on multiple database servers, such as those in an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) or a multinode Oracle Exadata Database Machine environment, use the ORE script in conjunction with the Exadata Distributed Command Line Interface (DCLI) utility.$ dcli -g nodes -l oracle ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gz The DCLI -g flag designates a file containing a list of nodes to install on, and the -l flag specifies the user id to use when executing the commands. For more information on using DCLI with Oracle R Enterprise, see Chapter 5 in the Oracle R Enterprise Installation Guide.If you are using an Oracle R Enterprise client, install the package the same as any R package, bearing in mind that you must install the same version of the package on both the client and server machines to avoid incompatibilities. 4. CRAN Task ViewsCRAN also maintains a set of Task Views that identify packages associated with a particular task or methodology. Task Views are helpful in guiding users through the huge set of available R packages. They are actively maintained by volunteers who include detailed annotations for routines and packages. If you find one of the task views is a perfect match, you can install every package in that view using the ctv package - an R package for automating package installation. To use the ctv package to install a task view, first, install and load the ctv package.R> install.packages("ctv")R> library(ctv)Then query the names of the available task views and install the view you choose.R> available.views() R> install.views("TimeSeries") 5. Using and Managing R packages To use a package, start up R and load packages one at a time with the library command.Load the arules package in your R session. R> library(arules)Verify the version of arules installed.R> packageVersion("arules")[1] '1.1.2'Verify the version of arules installed on the database server using embedded R execution.R> ore.doEval(function() packageVersion("arules"))View the help file for the apropos function in the arules packageR> ?aproposOver time, your package repository will contain more and more packages, especially if you are using the system-wide repository where others are adding additional packages. It’s good to know the entire set of R packages accessible in your environment. To list all available packages in your local R session, use the installed.packages command:R> myLocalPackages <- row.names(installed.packages())R> myLocalPackagesTo access the list of available packages on the ORE database server from the ORE client, use the following embedded R syntax: R> myServerPackages <- ore.doEval(function() row.names(installed.packages()) R> myServerPackages 6. Troubleshooting Common ProblemsInstalling Older Versions of R packagesIf you immediately upgrade to the latest version of R, you will have no problem installing the most recent versions of R packages. However, if your version of R is older, some of the more recent package releases will not work and install.packages will generate a message such as: Warning message: In install.packages("arules") : package ‘arules’ is not availableThis is when you have to go to the Old sources link on the CRAN page for the arules package and determine which version is compatible with your version of R.Begin by determining what version of R you are using:$ R --versionOracle Distribution of R version 3.0.1 (--) -- "Good Sport" Copyright (C) The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)Given that R-3.0.1 was released May 16, 2013, any version of the arules package released after this date may work. Scanning the arules archive, we might try installing version 0.1.1-1, released in January of 2014:$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/arules/arules_1.1-1.tar.gz$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzFor use with ORE:$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzThe "package not available" error can also be thrown if the package you’re trying to install lives elsewhere, either another R package site, or it’s been removed from CRAN. A quick Google search usually leads to more information on the package’s location and status.Oracle R Enterprise is not in the R library pathOn Linux hosts, after installing the ORE server components, starting R, and attempting to load the ORE packages, you may receive the error:R> library(ORE)Error in library(ORE) : there is no package called ‘ORE’If you know the ORE packages have been installed and you receive this error, this is the result of not starting R with the ORE script. To resolve this problem, exit R and restart using the ORE script. After restarting R and ">running the command to load the ORE packages, you should not receive any errors.$ ORER> library(ORE)On Windows servers, the solution is to make the location of the ORE packages visible to R by adding them to the R library paths. To accomplish this, exit R, then add the following lines to the .Rprofile file. On Windows, the .Rprofile file is located in R\etc directory C:\Program Files\R\R-<version>\etc. Add the following lines:.libPaths("<path to $ORACLE_HOME>/R/library")The above line will tell R to include the R directory in the Oracle home as part of its search path. When you start R, the path above will be included, and future R package installations will also be saved to $ORACLE_HOME/R/library. This path should be writable by the user oracle, or the userid for the DBA tasked with installing R packages.Binary package compiled with different version of RBy default, R will install pre-compiled versions of packages if they are found. If the version of R under which the package was compiled does not match your installed version of R you will get an error message:Warning message: package ‘xxx’ was built under R version 3.0.0The solution is to download the package source and build it for your version of R.$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/arules/arules_1.1-1.tar.gz$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzFor use with ORE:$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzUnable to execute files in /tmp directoryBy default, R uses the /tmp directory to install packages. On security conscious machines, the /tmp directory is often marked as "noexec" in the /etc/fstab file. This means that no file under /tmp can ever be executed, and users who attempt to install R package will receive an error:ERROR: 'configure' exists but is not executable -- see the 'R Installation and Administration Manual’The solution is to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to a location which R will use as the compilation directory. For example:$ mkdir <some path>/tmp$ export TMPDIR= <some path>/tmp$ export TMP= <some path>/tmpThis error typically appears on Linux client machines and not database servers, as Oracle Database writes to the value of the TMP environment variable for several tasks, including holding temporary files during database installation. 7. Creating your own R packageCreating your own package and submitting to CRAN is for advanced users, but it is not difficult. The procedure to follow, along with details of R's package system, is detailed in the Writing R Extensions manual.

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