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extra configuration needed after installing SSL certificate?

- by ptriek

We recently developed two rather simple PHP applications for AXA (European bank). URL's are axa.tfo.be/incentives/cipres and axa.tfo.be/incentives/zrkk (access to both sites is restricted to visitors with cookies with encrypted passwords) On a previous security audit by an external company several security issues have been found. All these issues have been solved by a collleague PHP developer. However, one last requirement has been added - all data should be transfered over https. My php collegue is on holiday, however - and unavailable at the moment. So I contacted my host, and asked for installing SSL certificate. I myself have no knowledge/experience with SSL, so I'm a bit at loss for the following problems. Comodo SSL certificate + unique IP address has been installed today by my webhost for subdomain axa.tfo.be (by www.combell.be). However, it doesn't seem to be working. I posted a question about this earlier today, and was told not to worry, see link: http://serverfault.com/questions/339320/what-happens-if-you-install-an-ssl-certificate Current problems: the web applications aren't accessible over https, http works though (if a valid cookie is available) there's a static html page at http://axa.tfo.be/incentives/cipres/static.html, even that page is only accessible over http My webhost is telling me that 'my application probably doesn't support SSL', and has asked me to set an SSL variable to true in my php code. So my questions: I have basic knowledge of php, but don't know where to start regarding the 'php ssl variable'. The sites have been online for some time, and have been developed for regular php access. (Google didn't bring me any help, either.) Can anyone point me in the right direction, or give me some clues about whether/what I should ask my webhost for further assistance? (I'm a bit on a tight schedule, the sites will be audited again on monday, and it's a customer i wouldn't want to loose...) Thanks for looking into this, and sorry if my questions sound a bit nooby - I'm a webdesigner, not a server specialist...

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Mixing SSL and non-SSL content in an Apache2 virtual host

- by gravyface

I have a (hopefully) common scenario for one of my sites that I just can't seem to figure out how to deploy correctly. I have the following site and directories for example.com: These need to require SSL: /var/www/example.com/admin /var/www/example.com/order These need to be non-SSL: /var/www/example.com/maps These need to support both: /var/www/example.com/css /var/www/example.com/js /var/www/example.com/img I have two virtual host declarations for the one site in my /sites-available/example.com file; the top one is *:443 the second one is *:80. Since I have two sites, and if a request comes in on 443, the top virtualhost is used, same with the bottom if it's a port 80 request. However, I can't seem to enforce my SSL requirements using SSLRequireSSL because I'm assuming a port 80 request to /admin or /order is not even hitting the *:443 vhost. Should I just Deny All to /order and /admin within the *:80 virtual host so that if you try to request it on 80, you'll get a 403 Forbidden?

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Apache SSL for login and NON-SSL for everything else (.htacces)

- by The Devil

Hey I've almost figured it out on my own but there's something I'm missing. I want to set a couple of directories and files to require SSL and everything else that's not related to those files and dirs to point back to http. So far I have this: RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / # Force ssl for login & admin RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !on RewriteRule ^/?(admin(.*)|login\.php)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,NC,L] # Force non-ssl for others RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on RewriteRule ^/?(admin(.*)|login\.php)$ http://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,NC,L] I'm sure I'm doing something wrong but I just can't figure it out.... The first condition works perfect - whenever I access login.php or /admin/ it points to https. But the second one doesn't... Where have I mistaken ? Thanks in advance!

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fully encrypt website using SSL

- by eddywebs

I had been trying to use SSL for the following site http://bit.ly/e8Lj32 , although the SSL certificate is signed properly by networksolutions , each time the pages are loaded it still displays an SSl warning in browser warning "Some parts of the site are not using SSL" , in I.E, its even worst if you hit "no I dont want view unsecured part of the page" site does not display properly (as it blocks some of the widgets) screenshots upped at http://i.imgur.com/fm5GO.png

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Keytool and SSL Apache config

- by Safari

I have a question about SSL certificate... I have generate a certificate using this keytool command.. keytool -genkey -alias myalias -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 and I used this command to export the certificate keytool -export -alias myalias -file certificate.crt So, I have a file .crt Now I would to configure my Apache ssl module. I need to use keytool...At the moment I can't to use Openssl How can I configure the module if I have only this certificate.crt file? I see these sections in my ssl.conf # Server Certificate: # Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If # the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a # pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. A new # certificate can be generated using the genkey(1) command. #SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt # Server Private Key: # If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this # directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if # you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure # both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.) #SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. #SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/server-chain.crt How can I configure the correct section?

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Why do apache2 upgrades remove and not re-install libapache2-mod-php5?

- by nutznboltz

We repeatedly see that when an apache2 update arrives and is installed it causes the libapache2-mod-php5 package to be removed and does not subsequently re-install it automatically. We must subsequently re-install the libapache2-mod-php5 manually in order to restore functionality to our web server. Please see the following github gist, it is a contiguous section of our server's dpkg.log showing the November 14, 2011 update to apache2: https://gist.github.com/1368361 it includes 2011-11-14 11:22:18 remove libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 Is this a known issue? Do other people see this too? I could not find any launchpad bug reports about it. Platform details: $ lsb_release -ds Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS $ uname -srvm Linux 2.6.38-12-virtual #51~lucid1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Sep 29 20:27:50 UTC 2011 x86_64 $ dpkg -l | awk '/ii.*apache/ {print $2 " " $3 }' apache2 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2-utils 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2.2-bin 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 apache2.2-common 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 libapache2-mod-authnz-external 3.2.4-2+squeeze1build0.10.04.1 libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.10 Thanks At a high-level the update process looks like: package package_name do action :upgrade case node[:platform] when 'centos', 'redhat', 'scientific' options '--disableplugin=fastestmirror' when 'ubuntu' options '-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"' end end But at a lower level def install_package(name, version) run_command_with_systems_locale( :command = "apt-get -q -y#{expand_options(@new_resource.options)} install #{name}=#{version}", :environment = { "DEBIAN_FRONTEND" = "noninteractive" } ) end def upgrade_package(name, version) install_package(name, version) end So Chef is using "install" to do "update". This sort of moves the question around to "how does apt-get safe-upgrade" remember to re-install libapache-mod-php5? The exact sequence of packages that triggered this was: apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common But the code is attempting to run checks to make sure the packages in that list are installed already before attempting to "upgrade" them. case node[:platform] when 'debian', 'centos', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'scientific', 'ubuntu' # first primitive way is to define the updates in the recipe # data bags will be used later %w/ apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-mpm-worker apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common /.each{ |package_name| Chef::Log.debug("is #{package_name} among local packages available for changes?") next unless node[:packages][:changes].keys.include?(package_name) Chef::Log.debug("is #{package_name} available for upgrade?") next unless node[:packages][:changes][package_name][:action] == 'upgrade' package package_name do action :upgrade case node[:platform] when 'centos', 'redhat', 'scientific' options '--disableplugin=fastestmirror' when 'ubuntu' options '-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold"' end end tag('upgraded') } # after upgrading everything, run yum cache updater if tagged?('upgraded') # Remove old orphaned dependencies and kernel images and kernel headers etc. # Remove cached deb files. case node[:platform] when 'ubuntu' execute 'apt-get -y autoremove' execute 'apt-get clean' # Re-check what updates are available soon. when 'centos', 'fedora', 'redhat', 'scientific' node[:packages][:last_time_we_looked_at_yum] = 0 end untag('upgraded') end end But it's clear that it fails since the dpkg.log has 2011-11-14 11:22:25 install apache2-mpm-worker 2.2.14-5ubuntu8.7 on a system which does not currently have apache2-mpm-worker. I will have to discuss this with the author, thanks again.

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Apache: Assign SSL server / client certs to directories

- by Daniel Amaya

I have multiple directories on my system, e.g., /var/www/dir1 /var/www/dir2 /var/www/dir3 And what I'd like to do is to generate a server/client SSL certificate for each directory, and then set up each directory such that the client cert must match the server cert in order to access said directory. Now, if someone has the client cert for /var/www/dir2 and they try to access /var/www/dir1, they will be unable to do so since those directories use different certs. Each of these directories is hosted on the same domain (i.e., domain.com/dir1, domain.com/dir2). Now, the problem I am having is that I am not exactly sure how to accomplish this in Apache. (Also, I don't really care for domain.com to require SSL, but I do want the directories to require it.)

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Apache ProxyPass with SSL

- by BBonifield

I have a QA setup that consists of multiple internal development servers and one world-accessible provisioning machine that is setup to proxy pass the web traffic. Everything works fine for non-SSL requests, but I'm having a hard time getting the SSL logic working as well. Here's a few example vhost blocks. <VirtualHost 192.168.168.101:443> ProxyPreserveHost On SSLProxyEngine On ProxyPass / https://192.168.168.111/ ServerName dev1.site.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.168.101:80> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / http://192.168.168.111/ ServerName dev1.site.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.168.101:443> ProxyPreserveHost On SSLProxyEngine On ProxyPass / https://192.168.168.111/ ServerName dev2.site.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.168.101:80> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / http://192.168.168.111/ ServerName dev2.site.com </VirtualHost> I end up seeing the following error in the provisioner's error log. [Fri Jan 28 12:50:59 2011] [warn] [client 1.2.3.4] proxy: no HTTP 0.9 request (with no host line) on incoming request and preserve host set forcing hostname to be dev1.site.com for uri / As well as the following entry in the destination QA machine's access log. 192.168.168.101 - - [22/Feb/2011:08:34:56 -0600] "\x16\x03\x01 / HTTP/1.1" 301 326 "-" "-"

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both ssl and non-ssl on single port

- by Zulakis

I would like to make my apache2 webserver serve both http and https on the same port. With the different method i tried it was either not working on http or on https.. How can I do this? Update: If I enable SSL and then visit the with http I get page like this: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>400 Bad Request</title> </head><body> <h1>Bad Request</h1> <p>Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<br /> Reason: You're speaking plain HTTP to an SSL-enabled server port.<br /> Instead use the HTTPS scheme to access this URL, please.<br /> <blockquote>Hint: <a href="https://server/"><b>https://server/</b></a></blockquote></p> <hr> <address>Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) PHP/5.2.6-1+lenny16 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.9 OpenSSL/0.9.8g Server at server Port 443</address> </body></html> Because of this, it seems very much possible to have both http and https on the same port. A first step would be to change this default-page so it would present a 301-Moved header. Update2: According to this, it is possible. Now, the question is just how to configure apache to do it.

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Disable SSL / TLS compression in Apache 2.2.x

- by DevGav

Is there a way to disable SSL/TLS Compression in Apache 2.2.x when using mod_ssl? If not, what are people doing to mitigate the effects of CRIME/BEAST in older browsers? Related Links: https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53219 https://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/new-attack-uses-ssltls-information-leak-hijack-https-sessions-090512 http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/19911/crime-how-to-beat-the-beast-successor

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SSL Certificate Works in Monit - But Not in Keystore

- by Bart Silverstrim

I have a situation where there's a keystore file with the various root/intermediate certificates stored in it in a way that it seems to work for most browsers. Problem is that when mobile browsers hit it, there's a break in the chain and they complain. I used an SSL checker at http://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html and it states that "The certificate is not trusted in all web browsers. You may need to install an Intermediate/chain certificate to link it to a trusted root certificate." So...the desktop browsers must have the intermediate certs already and can make the chain connections, I'm assuming, while the mobile browsers can't. The thing is that I had used Portecle to export certificates from the keystore and cobble them together to create a .PEM certificate to run the Monit utility. When I check that application with the SSL checker, it works fine! The person that originally created the keystore said he couldn't follow the SSL provider's directions for creating the keystore because he created the CSR request using openssl, so the cert and private key had to be converted to DER format and use importkey to get it to work; following the directions he found online had importkey seem to use only a set keystore file as a result, and it would erase anything already in the file if it existed. So is there a way to take the certificate I created for Monit and create a working keystore for the Tomcat website? What would be causing the chain to be broken in the current keystore, but work for Monit? I have the SSL cert provider's intermediate and cross certificates, and the website's certificate, but is what else would I need to create a working chain of certs for a keystore?

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Transfered SSL Certificate to Rackspace Cloud Server - Occasional Errors

- by ngl5000

Okay, I recently tranfered my Comodo SSL certificate from my previous Bluehost account to my new rackspace cloud server. (LAMP stack) Basically I just copy pasted the server cert and key and checked to make sure it was properly installed which it was. Now I am running into some issues, occasionally I will hear from people that they are getting an 'Untrusted Connection Error' while others are not getting this error at all. Recently someone sent me a screen shot of their error and it said: This Certificate is not trusted because no issuer chain was provided. The browser they noticed this on was safari so I cleared all my history data in safari and opened the site but I am not seeing that error. Does anyone have any idea how to fix something like this? Thanks!

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Logical move of a server to UK, what do I do with the SSL certificates

- by flyfishr64

I have been asked to move a rails application from the US to the UK. This involves bringing up the rails stack on Ubuntu 8.04.4; that's completed. I'm stumped with the SSL configuration though. The plan was to bring this server up with the same domain name but temporarily use a subdomain (app2.xxx.com instead of app.xxx.com) during the move and for testing, then rename it to app.xxx.com when we're ready for the cutover (does that make sense?). In the meantime, we need a new cert for the app2 subdomain. So to generate a CSR, I need a server key but do I need a new one, or should I copy the one from the existing production server?

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Setting up subdomain to respond on :443 with apache2

- by compucuke

I read through some guides on this and I believe it is possible to have apache respond to a subdomain through ssl. I have domain.com responding on 80 and I do not need domain.com responding on 443. Rather, the only use I have for ssl is for the subdomain sub.domain.com. So my site should be http://domain.com http://www.domain.com https://sub.domain.com https://www.sub.domain.com My CNAME records are as follows sub.domain.com xxx.xx.xx.xxx *.sub.domain.com xxx.xx.xx.xxx The A record exists but should not matter for the example. I set up a separate config file in sites-enabled for sub.domain.com NameVirtualHost xxx.xx.xx.xxx:443 <VirtualHost xxx.xx.xx.xxx:443> SSLEngine on SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck on SSLProtocol -ALL +SSLv3 +TLSv1 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!aNULL:!ADH:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:-MEDIUM ServerAlias sub.domain.com DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/ SSLCertificateFile /root/sub.domain.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /root/sub.domain.com.key Alias /robots.txt /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/robots.txt Alias /favicon.ico /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/favicon.ico Alias /js/libs /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/js/libs Alias /media/ /usr/local/www/documents/media/ Alias /img/ /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/img/ Alias /css/ /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/css/ <Directory /usr/local/www/ssl/documents/> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> WSGIDaemonProcess sub.domain.com processes=2 threads=7 display-name=%{GROUP} WSGIProcessGroup sub.domain.com WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/www/wsgi-scripts/script.wsgi <Directory /usr/local/www/wsgi-scripts> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> Now, it is important to mention that https://domain.com responds with what I have running from script.wsgi above instead of on https://sub.domain.com. It does not respond to sub.domain.com. checking https://sub.domain.com causes a 105 error. This is a DNS error but I am convinced the DNS does not have a problem with the CNAME records, they just point to my IP. Am I doing something that Apache can not do?

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Upload Certificate and Key to RUEI in order to decrypt SSL traffic

- by stefan.thieme(at)oracle.com

So you want to monitor encrypted traffic with your RUEI collector ?Actually this is an easy thing if you follow the lines below...I will start out with creating a pair of snakeoil (so called self-signed) certificate and key with the make-ssl-cert tool which comes pre-packaged with apache only for the purpose of this example.$ sudo make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil$ sudo ls -l /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 615 2010-06-07 10:03 /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem-rw-r----- 1 root ssl-cert 891 2010-06-07 10:03 /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyRUEI Configuration of Security SSL Keys You will most likely get these two files from your Certificate Authority (CA) and/or your system administrators should be able to extract this from your WebServer or LoadBalancer handling SSL encryption for your infrastructure.Now let's look at the content of these two files, the certificate (apache assumes this is in PEM format) is called a public key and the private key is used by the apache server to encrypt traffic for a client using the certificate to initiate the SSL connection with the server.In case you already know that these two match, you simply have to paste them in one text file and upload this text file to your RUEI instance.$ sudo cat /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key > /tmp/ruei.cert_and_key$ sudo cat /tmp/ruei.cert_and_key -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBmTCCAQICCQD7O3XXwVilWzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADARMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZ1 YnVudHUwHhcNMTAwNjA3MDgwMzUzWhcNMjAwNjA0MDgwMzUzWjARMQ8wDQYDVQQD EwZ1YnVudHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALbs+JnI+p+K7Iqa SQZdnYBxOpdRH0/9jt1QKvmH68v81h9+f1Z2rVR7Zrd/l+ruE3H9VvuzxMlKuMH7 qBX/gmjDZTlj9WJM+zc0tSk+e2udy9he20lGzTxv0vaykJkuKcvSWNk4WE9NuAdg IHZvjKgoTSVmvM1ApMCg69nyOy97AgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEAk2rv VEkxR1qPSpJiudDuGUHtWKBKWiWbmSwI3REZT+0vG+YDG5a55NdxgRk3zhQntqF7 gNYjKxblBByBpY7W0ci00kf7kFgvXWMeU96NSQJdnid/YxzQYn0dGL2rSh1dwdPN NPQlNSfnEQ1yxFevR7aRdCqTbTXU3mxi8YaSscE= -----END CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXgIBAAKBgQC27PiZyPqfiuyKmkkGXZ2AcTqXUR9P/Y7dUCr5h+vL/NYffn9W dq1Ue2a3f5fq7hNx/Vb7s8TJSrjB+6gV/4Jow2U5Y/ViTPs3NLUpPntrncvYXttJ Rs08b9L2spCZLinL0ljZOFhPTbgHYCB2b4yoKE0lZrzNQKTAoOvZ8jsvewIDAQAB AoGBAJ7LCWeeUwnKNFqBYmD3RTFpmX4furnal3lBDX0945BZtJr0WZ/6N679zIYA aiVTdGfgjvDC9lHy3n3uctRd0Jqdh2QoSSxNBhq5elIApNIIYzu7w/XI/VhGcDlA b6uadURQEC2q+M8YYjw3mwR2omhCWlHIViOHe/9T8jfP/8pxAkEA7k39WRcQildH DFKcj7gurqlkElHysacMTFWf0ZDTEUS6bdkmNXwK6mH63BlmGLrYAP5AMgKgeDf8 D+WRfv8YKQJBAMSCQ7UGDN3ysyfIIrdc1RBEAk4BOrKHKtD5Ux0z5lcQkaCYrK8J DuSldreN2yOhS99/S4CRWmGkTj04wRSnjwMCQQCaR5mW3QzTU4/m1XEQxsBKSdZE 2hMSmsCmhuSyK13Kl0FPLr/C7qyuc4KSjksABa8kbXaoKfUz/6LLs+ePXZ2JAkAv +mIPk5+WnQgS4XFgdYDrzL8HTpOHPSs+BHG/goltnnT/0ebvgXWqa5+1pyPm6h29 PrYveM2pY1Va6z1xDowDAkEAttfzAwAHz+FUhWQCmOBpvBuW/KhYWKZTMpvxFMSY YD5PH6NNyLfBx0J4nGPN5n/f6il0s9pzt3ko++/eUtWSnQ== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- Simply click on the add new key and browse for the cert_and_key file on your desktop which you concatenated earlier using any text editor. You may need to add a passphrase in order to decrypt the RSA key in some cases (it should tell you BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY in the header line). I will show you the success screen after uploading the certificate to RUEI. You may want to restart your collector once you have uploaded all the certificate/key pairs you want to use in order to make sure they get picked up asap.You should be able to see the number of SSL Connections rising in the Collector statistics screen below. The figures for decrypt errors should slowly go down and the usage figures for your encryption algortihm on the subsequent SSL Encryption screen should go up. You should be 100% sure everything works fine by now, otherwise see below to distinguish the remaining 1% from your 99% certainty.Verify Certificate and Key are matchingYou can compare the modulus of private key and public certificate and they should match in order for the key to fit the lock. You only want to make sure they both fit each other.We are actually interested only in the following details of the two files, which can be determined by using the -subject, -dates and -modulus command line switches instead of the complete -text output of the x509 certificate/rsa key contents.$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -subject -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemsubject= /CN=ubuntu$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -dates -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemnotBefore=Jun 7 08:03:53 2010 GMTnotAfter=Jun 4 08:03:53 2020 GMT$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem Modulus=B6ECF899C8FA9F8AEC8A9A49065D9D80713A97511F4FFD8EDD502AF987EBCBFCD61F7E7F5676AD547B66B77F97EAEE1371FD56FBB3C4C94AB8C1FBA815FF8268C3653963F5624CFB3734B5293E7B6B9DCBD85EDB4946CD3C6FD2F6B290992E29CBD258D938584F4DB8076020766F8CA8284D2566BCCD40A4C0A0EBD9F23B2F7B $ sudo openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyModulus=B6ECF899C8FA9F8AEC8A9A49065D9D80713A97511F4FFD8EDD502AF987EBCBFCD61F7E7F5676AD547B66B77F97EAEE1371FD56FBB3C4C94AB8C1FBA815FF8268C3653963F5624CFB3734B5293E7B6B9DCBD85EDB4946CD3C6FD2F6B290992E29CBD258D938584F4DB8076020766F8CA8284D2566BCCD40A4C0A0EBD9F23B2F7BAs you can see the modulus matches exactly and we have the proof that the certificate has been created using the private key. OpenSSL Certificate and Key DetailsAs I already told you, you do not need all the greedy details, but in case you want to know it in depth what is actually in those hex-blocks can be made visible with the following commands which show you the actual content in a human readable format.Note: You may not want to post all the details of your private key =^) I told you I have been using a self-signed certificate only for showing you these details.$ sudo openssl rsa -noout -text -in /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.keyPrivate-Key: (1024 bit)modulus: 00:b6:ec:f8:99:c8:fa:9f:8a:ec:8a:9a:49:06:5d: 9d:80:71:3a:97:51:1f:4f:fd:8e:dd:50:2a:f9:87: eb:cb:fc:d6:1f:7e:7f:56:76:ad:54:7b:66:b7:7f: 97:ea:ee:13:71:fd:56:fb:b3:c4:c9:4a:b8:c1:fb: a8:15:ff:82:68:c3:65:39:63:f5:62:4c:fb:37:34: b5:29:3e:7b:6b:9d:cb:d8:5e:db:49:46:cd:3c:6f: d2:f6:b2:90:99:2e:29:cb:d2:58:d9:38:58:4f:4d: b8:07:60:20:76:6f:8c:a8:28:4d:25:66:bc:cd:40: a4:c0:a0:eb:d9:f2:3b:2f:7bpublicExponent: 65537 (0x10001)privateExponent: 00:9e:cb:09:67:9e:53:09:ca:34:5a:81:62:60:f7: 45:31:69:99:7e:1f:ba:b9:da:97:79:41:0d:7d:3d: e3:90:59:b4:9a:f4:59:9f:fa:37:ae:fd:cc:86:00: 6a:25:53:74:67:e0:8e:f0:c2:f6:51:f2:de:7d:ee: 72:d4:5d:d0:9a:9d:87:64:28:49:2c:4d:06:1a:b9: 7a:52:00:a4:d2:08:63:3b:bb:c3:f5:c8:fd:58:46: 70:39:40:6f:ab:9a:75:44:50:10:2d:aa:f8:cf:18: 62:3c:37:9b:04:76:a2:68:42:5a:51:c8:56:23:87: 7b:ff:53:f2:37:cf:ff:ca:71prime1: 00:ee:4d:fd:59:17:10:8a:57:47:0c:52:9c:8f:b8: 2e:ae:a9:64:12:51:f2:b1:a7:0c:4c:55:9f:d1:90: d3:11:44:ba:6d:d9:26:35:7c:0a:ea:61:fa:dc:19: 66:18:ba:d8:00:fe:40:32:02:a0:78:37:fc:0f:e5: 91:7e:ff:18:29prime2: 00:c4:82:43:b5:06:0c:dd:f2:b3:27:c8:22:b7:5c: d5:10:44:02:4e:01:3a:b2:87:2a:d0:f9:53:1d:33: e6:57:10:91:a0:98:ac:af:09:0e:e4:a5:76:b7:8d: db:23:a1:4b:df:7f:4b:80:91:5a:61:a4:4e:3d:38: c1:14:a7:8f:03exponent1: 00:9a:47:99:96:dd:0c:d3:53:8f:e6:d5:71:10:c6: c0:4a:49:d6:44:da:13:12:9a:c0:a6:86:e4:b2:2b: 5d:ca:97:41:4f:2e:bf:c2:ee:ac:ae:73:82:92:8e: 4b:00:05:af:24:6d:76:a8:29:f5:33:ff:a2:cb:b3: e7:8f:5d:9d:89exponent2: 2f:fa:62:0f:93:9f:96:9d:08:12:e1:71:60:75:80: eb:cc:bf:07:4e:93:87:3d:2b:3e:04:71:bf:82:89: 6d:9e:74:ff:d1:e6:ef:81:75:aa:6b:9f:b5:a7:23: e6:ea:1d:bd:3e:b6:2f:78:cd:a9:63:55:5a:eb:3d: 71:0e:8c:03coefficient: 00:b6:d7:f3:03:00:07:cf:e1:54:85:64:02:98:e0: 69:bc:1b:96:fc:a8:58:58:a6:53:32:9b:f1:14:c4: 98:60:3e:4f:1f:a3:4d:c8:b7:c1:c7:42:78:9c:63: cd:e6:7f:df:ea:29:74:b3:da:73:b7:79:28:fb:ef: de:52:d5:92:9d$ sudo openssl x509 -noout -text -in /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pemCertificate: Data: Version: 1 (0x0) Serial Number: fb:3b:75:d7:c1:58:a5:5b Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: CN=ubuntu Validity Not Before: Jun 7 08:03:53 2010 GMT Not After : Jun 4 08:03:53 2020 GMT Subject: CN=ubuntu Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (1024 bit) Modulus (1024 bit): 00:b6:ec:f8:99:c8:fa:9f:8a:ec:8a:9a:49:06:5d: 9d:80:71:3a:97:51:1f:4f:fd:8e:dd:50:2a:f9:87: eb:cb:fc:d6:1f:7e:7f:56:76:ad:54:7b:66:b7:7f: 97:ea:ee:13:71:fd:56:fb:b3:c4:c9:4a:b8:c1:fb: a8:15:ff:82:68:c3:65:39:63:f5:62:4c:fb:37:34: b5:29:3e:7b:6b:9d:cb:d8:5e:db:49:46:cd:3c:6f: d2:f6:b2:90:99:2e:29:cb:d2:58:d9:38:58:4f:4d: b8:07:60:20:76:6f:8c:a8:28:4d:25:66:bc:cd:40: a4:c0:a0:eb:d9:f2:3b:2f:7b Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 93:6a:ef:54:49:31:47:5a:8f:4a:92:62:b9:d0:ee:19:41:ed: 58:a0:4a:5a:25:9b:99:2c:08:dd:11:19:4f:ed:2f:1b:e6:03: 1b:96:b9:e4:d7:71:81:19:37:ce:14:27:b6:a1:7b:80:d6:23: 2b:16:e5:04:1c:81:a5:8e:d6:d1:c8:b4:d2:47:fb:90:58:2f: 5d:63:1e:53:de:8d:49:02:5d:9e:27:7f:63:1c:d0:62:7d:1d: 18:bd:ab:4a:1d:5d:c1:d3:cd:34:f4:25:35:27:e7:11:0d:72: c4:57:af:47:b6:91:74:2a:93:6d:35:d4:de:6c:62:f1:86:92: b1:c1The above output can also be seen if you direct your browser client to your website and check the certificate sent by the server to your browser. You will be able to lookup all the details including the validity dates, subject common name and the public key modulus.Capture an SSL connection using WiresharkAnd as you would have expected, looking at the low-level tcp data that has been exchanged between the client and server with a tcp-diagnostics tool (i.e. wireshark/tcpdump) you can also see the modulus in there.These were the settings I used to capture all traffic on the local loopback interface, matching the filter expression: tcp and ip and host 127.0.0.1 and port 443. This tells Wireshark to leave out any other information, I may not have been interested in showing you.

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cPanel SSL installation

- by Joe

I've tried transferring SSL issued by GoDaddy to Linux based server. The website was originally hosted in Windows. After the installation is completed, I got a message like this in cPanel: Certificate ID: *********** Domains: xxxxsomethingxxxxx.com Issuer: GoDaddy.com, Inc. Key Size: 2,048 bits Expiration: Feb 10, 2015 10:05:10 PM Does that look fine? Does the Issuer still remain as GoDaddy? Now how do I test to see if this is in fact working? After installing the SSL in the Linux server, do I now need to do something in GoDaddy or in the previous Windows server to indicate that the SSL has now been transferred to the new server?

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stop apache from asking for SSL password each restart

- by acidzombie24

Using instructions from this site but varying them just a little i created a CA using -newca, i copied cacert.pem to my comp and imported as trusted issuer in IE. I then did -newreq and -sign (note: i do /full/path/CA.sh -cmd and not sh CA.sh -cmd) and moved the cert and key to apache. I visited the site in IE and using .NET code and it appears trusted, great (unless i write www. in front which is expected). But every time i restart apache i need to type in my password for the site(s?). How can i make it so i DO NOT need to type in the password?

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Validating SSL clients using a list of authorised certificates instead of a Certificate Authority

- by Gavin Brown

Is it possible to configure Apache (or any other SSL-aware server) to only accept connections from clients presenting a certificate from a pre-defined list? These certificates may be signed by any CA (and may be self-signed). A while back I tried to get client certificate validation working in the EPP system of the domain registry I work for. The EPP protocol spec mandates use of "mutual strong client-server authentication". In practice, this means that both the client and the server must validate the certificate of the other peer in the session. We created a private certificate authority and asked registrars to submit CSRs, which we then signed. This seemed to us to be the simplest solution, but many of our registrars objected: they were used to obtaining a client certificate from a CA, and submitting that certificate to the registry. So we had to scrap the system. I have been trying to find a way of implementing this system in our server, which is based on the mod_epp module for Apache.

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For enabling SSL for a single domain on a server with muliple vhosts, will this configuration work?

- by user1322092

I just purchased an SSL certificate to secure/enable only ONE domain on a server with multiple vhosts. I plan on configuring as shown below (non SNI). In addition, I still want to access phpMyAdmin, securely, via my server's IP address. Will the below configuration work? I have only one shot to get this working in production. Are there any redundant settings? ---apache ssl.conf file--- Listen 443 SSLCertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/web/certs/domain1.private.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/web/certs/domain1.intermediate.crt ---apache httpd.conf file---- ... DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" #currently exists ... NameVirtualHost *:443 #new - is this really needed if "Listen 443" is in ssl.conf??? ... #below vhost currently exists, the domain I wish t enable SSL) <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName domain1.com ServerAlias 173.XXX.XXX.XXX DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain1.com/public </VirtualHost> #below vhost currently exists. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName domain2.com ServerAlias www.domain2.com DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain2.com/public </VirtualHost> #new -I plan on adding this vhost block to enable ssl for domain1.com! <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.domain1.com ServerAlias 173.203.127.20 SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all SSLCertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/web/certs/domain1.private.key SSLCACertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.intermediate.crt DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain1.com/public </VirtualHost> As previously mentioned, I want to be able to access phpmyadmin via "https://173.XXX.XXX.XXX/hiddenfolder/phpmyadmin" which is stored under "var/www/html/hiddenfolder"

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Apache2: How to split out the SSL configuration?

- by Klaas van Schelven

In Apache2, I'd like to separately define my SSL-related stuff once, and in a separate file from the rest of the configuration. This is mostly a matter of taste, but it also allows me to include the rest of the configuration in my automatic deployment process. I.e.: current situation: # in file: 0000-ourdomain.com.conf (number needs to be low) <VirtualHost xx.xx.xx.xx:443> # SSL part SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile ....crt SSLCACertificateFile ...pem SSLCertificateChainFile ...intermediate.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile ....wildcard.ourdomain.com.key SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown ServerName www.ourdomain.com ServerAlias ourdomain.com # the actual configuration, as found for xx.xx.xx.xx:80, repeated </VirtualHost> I'd like # in file: 0000-ssl-stuff <VirtualHost xx.xx.xx.xx:443> # SSL part SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile ....crt SSLCACertificateFile ...pem SSLCertificateChainFile ...intermediate.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile ....wildcard.ourdomain.com.key SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown ServerName www.ourdomain.com ServerAlias ourdomain.com </VirtualHost> # in file: ourdomain.com.conf <VirtualHost xx.xx.xx.xx:443> # the actual configuration, as found for xx.xx.xx.xx:80, repeated </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, this does not seem to work. Apache SSL fails, though it does not give an error message at reload or syntax-check. My best found workaround is to us an Include directive from the 0000-ssl file. Many thanks!

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SSL setup with GoDaddy subdomains and EC2 servers

- by Kevin

We have two EC2 instances that are used to host various scripts. Our main page 'companyname.com' is hosted with GoDaddy but is unrelated to those EC2 instances. I need to setup SSL connections for the two EC2 microinstances, one running Linux AMI and the other running Windows Server. I purchased two single-domain Comodo certificates and am at the part to generate CSR's on the instances. I'm not sure what to put as "Server Name" on EC2. I would like each server to be accessible through a subdomain which I have forwarded on GoDaddy to the elastic IPs on EC2. For server name, do I use the elastic ip, the EC2 public dns, or the subdomain that I want? And which of these do I then place in my VirtualHosts file on Apache? The Windows instance is running IIS7 but the Apache box is priority.

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SSL Certificate is Untrusted... sometimes

- by dragonmantank

Web Designer I'm working with signed up a new client that needed an SSL certificate. We went to namecheap.com and purchased on from Comodo. Got all the needed files and set it up in ISPConfig. To test we used Windows 7 running IE8, Firefox 3.6, and Chrome 12, and then on OSX with Firefox 4, Safari 5, and Chrome 13. All of them worked fine. The client is getting 'This connection is untrusted' in Firefox 4 and 5. Safari works fine on their machine. On my machines and the designer's machines all works with no errors. I had the client forward me the info for the certificate that Firefox has and the fingerprints match up. I have an old Windows 2000 VM with IE6 and Chrome and those work just fine as well. Any ideas on what else to check or do? The server is running Debian 5.0, up-to-date, with Apache 2 and ISPConfig 3.3

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SSL Connection Error

- by toffee.beanns

I have purchased a comodo ssl cert and have submitted the Certificate Signing Request (CSR) generated by my server to the ssl management site. With the 3 files it returned me with, - AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt - PositiveSSLCA2.crt - www_mydomainname_com.crt I have uploaded them to my /etc/ssl/ssl-certs folder and have updated my virtual host in my sites-available and restarted accordingly. NameVirtualHost 107.167.120.195:80 #sample ip address NameVirtualHost 107.167.120.195:443 #sample ip address ......... #normal http virtual host (working well) <VirtualHost 107.167.120.195:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName mydomainname.com ServerAlias www.mydomainname.com DocumentRoot /var/www/mydomainname SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/www_mydomainname.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/server.key SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/PositiveSSLCA2.crt </VirtualHost> I have also enabled ran 'a2enmod ssl' and it's enabled. This is the error I get when I access the webpage https in chrome: SSL connection error Error code: ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR Unable to make a secure connection to the server. This may be a problem with the server, or it may be requiring a client authentication certificate that you don't have. I have also checked out my apache log files and there seems to be an error saying that the Common Name (CN) is not the same as the server. RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `www.mydomainname.com' does NOT match server name!? and Invalid method in request \x16\x03\x01 What should I do?

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apache2 doesn't start with location

- by Geod24

I have a small domain, which I use only for personal purposes. I'm the main user, and have at most 3-4 users at the same time. I use apache2 with passenger to serve redmine. So I start with an empty apache2: root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 start [ ok ] Starting web server: apache2. root@xxxxx:/home/# a2dissite Your choices are: Which site(s) do you want to disable (wildcards ok)? Then enable my site, and restart (not reload) apache2: root@xxxxx:/home/# a2ensite 200-redmine Enabling site 200-redmine. To activate the new configuration, you need to run: service apache2 reload root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 restart [FAIL] Restarting web server: apache2 failed! [warn] The apache2 instance did not start within 20 seconds. Please read the log files to discover problems ... (warning). root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 restart [FAIL] Restarting web server: apache2 failed! [warn] There are processes named 'apache2' running which do not match your pid file which are left untouched in the name of safety, Please review the situation by hand. ... (warning). root@xxxxx:/home/# pidof apache2 20948 Here's my 200-redmine.conf: PerlLoadModule Apache::Redmine <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName redmine.xxxxx.xxx DocumentRoot /var/www/redmine/public/ ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/redmine.error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/redmine.access.log common MaxRequestLen 20971520 <Directory "/var/www/redmine/public/"> Options Indexes ExecCGI FollowSymLinks Order allow,deny Allow from all AllowOverride all </Directory> SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /opt/git/ SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend/ <Location /git> PerlAuthenHandler Apache::Authn::Redmine::authen_handler PerlAccessHandler Apache::Authn::Redmine::access_handler AuthType Basic Require valid-user AuthName "Redmine Git Repository" RedmineDSN "DBI:mysql:database=redmine;host=localhost:3306" RedmineDbUser "redmine" RedmineDbPass "password" RedmineCacheCredsMax 50 </Location> </VirtualHost> Now if I comment out the ScriptAlias / stuff, it works ! In addition, starting the server with 200-redmine disabled, then enabling it works. But apache2 will die randomly. Plus the location doesn't work. The logs show nothing: root@xxxxx:/home/# ll /var/log/apache2/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 30 07:52 coredump -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 default.access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2356 Nov 4 02:39 default.error.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 other_vhosts_access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 redmine.access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 redmine.error.log root@xxxxx:/home/# ll /var/log/apache2/coredump/ total 0 root@xxxxx:/home/# cat /var/log/apache2/default.error.log [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0130 21471/7fcf090f4740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:452 ]: Options: { 'analytics_log_user' => 'nobody', 'default_group' => 'nogroup', 'default_python' => 'python', 'default_ruby' => '/usr/bin/ruby', 'default_user' => 'nobody', 'log_level' => '0', 'max_instances_per_app' => '0', 'max_pool_size' => '6', 'passenger_root' => '/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini', 'pool_idle_time' => '300', 'temp_dir' => '/tmp', 'union_station_gateway_address' => 'gateway.unionstationapp.com', 'union_station_gateway_port' => '443', 'user_switching' => 'true', 'web_server_pid' => '21470', 'web_server_type' => 'apache', 'web_server_worker_gid' => '33', 'web_server_worker_uid' => '33' } [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0255 21474/7f9a99fda740 agents/HelperAgent/Main.cpp:597 ]: PassengerHelperAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21470/generation-0/request [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0507 21479/7f8316b0f740 agents/LoggingAgent/Main.cpp:330 ]: PassengerLoggingAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21470/generation-0/logging [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0511 21471/7fcf090f4740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:635 ]: All Phusion Passenger agents started! [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3158 21495/7fba6f686740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:452 ]: Options: { 'analytics_log_user' => 'nobody', 'default_group' => 'nogroup', 'default_python' => 'python', 'default_ruby' => '/usr/bin/ruby', 'default_user' => 'nobody', 'log_level' => '0', 'max_instances_per_app' => '0', 'max_pool_size' => '6', 'passenger_root' => '/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini', 'pool_idle_time' => '300', 'temp_dir' => '/tmp', 'union_station_gateway_address' => 'gateway.unionstationapp.com', 'union_station_gateway_port' => '443', 'user_switching' => 'true', 'web_server_pid' => '21491', 'web_server_type' => 'apache', 'web_server_worker_gid' => '33', 'web_server_worker_uid' => '33' } [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3304 21498/7f0106d9b740 agents/HelperAgent/Main.cpp:597 ]: PassengerHelperAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21491/generation-0/request [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3522 21503/7f92ad392740 agents/LoggingAgent/Main.cpp:330 ]: PassengerLoggingAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21491/generation-0/logging [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3525 21495/7fba6f686740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:635 ]: All Phusion Passenger agents started! And at last: root@xxxxx:/home/# apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS VirtualHost configuration: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server redmine.xxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) port 80 namevhost redmine.xxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) port 80 namevhost redmine.xxxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) root@xxxxx:/home/# uname -a Linux xxxx.xxx 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.51-1 x86_64 GNU/Linux root@xxxxx:/home/# dpkg --list | grep apache2 ii apache2 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server ii apache2-bin 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (binary files and modules) ii apache2-data 2.4.6-3 all Apache HTTP Server (common files) ii apache2-utils 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers) ii libapache2-mod-fcgid 1:2.3.9-1 amd64 FastCGI interface module for Apache 2 ii libapache2-mod-passenger 4.0.10-1 amd64 Rails and Rack support for Apache2 ii libapache2-mod-perl2 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6+b1 amd64 Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server ii libapache2-mod-perl2-dev 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6 all Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server - development files ii libapache2-mod-perl2-doc 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6 all Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server - documentation ii libapache2-mod-proxy-html 1:2.4.6-3 amd64 Transitional package for apache2-bin ii libapache2-mod-svn 1.7.13-2 amd64 Apache Subversion server modules for Apache httpd ii libapache2-reload-perl 0.12-2 all module for reloading Perl modules when changed on disk ii libapache2-svn 1.7.13-2 all Apache Subversion server modules for Apache httpd (dummy package) root@xxxxx:/home/# a2dismod Your choices are: access_compat alias auth_basic authn_core authn_file authz_core authz_host authz_svn authz_user autoindex dav dav_svn deflate dir env fcgid filter mime mpm_event negotiation passenger perl proxy proxy_http rewrite setenvif status Which module(s) do you want to disable (wildcards ok)?

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Should I get an SGC enabled SSL certificate?

- by Simon

I'm in the market for a new SSL certificate and am wondering if I should get an SGC enabled certificate or not? In the past I have just used cheap SSL certificates but since this is for a new company website I want to make sure I have the best but I am unsure whether it is worth paying the extra. The documentation states that it just enables older browsers to use 128 bit encryption when they would normally only be able to use 40 or 56 bit encryption. Would you pay the extra for older browsers which are likely to be extremely rare?

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