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  • Number of args for stored procedure PLS-00306

    - by Peter Kaleta
    Hi I have problem with calling for my procedure. Oracle scrams PLS-00306 Error: Wrong number of types of arguments in call to procedure. With my type declaration procedure has exact the same declaration like in header below. If I run it as separate procedure it works, when i work in ODCI interface for extensible index creation, it throws PLS-00306. MEMBER PROCEDURE FILL_TREE_LVL (target_column VARCHAR2, cur_lvl NUMBER, max_lvl NUMBER, parent_rect NUMBER,start_x NUMBER, start_y NUMBER, end_x NUMBER, end_y NUMBER) IS stmt VARCHAR2(2000); rect_id NUMBER; diff_x NUMBER; diff_y NUMBER; new_start_x NUMBER; new_end_x NUMBER; i NUMBER; j NUMBER; BEGIN {...} END FILL_TREE_LVL; STATIC FUNCTION ODCIINDEXCREATE (ia SYS.ODCIINDEXINFO, parms VARCHAR2, env SYS.ODCIEnv) RETURN NUMBER IS stmt VARCHAR2(2000); stmt2 VARCHAR2(2000); min_x NUMBER; max_x NUMBER; min_y NUMBER; max_y NUMBER; lvl NUMBER; rect_id NUMBER; pt_tab VARCHAR2(50); rect_tab VARCHAR2(50); cnum NUMBER; TYPE point_rect is RECORD( point_id NUMBER, rect_id NUMBER ); TYPE point_rect_tab IS TABLE OF point_rect; pr_table point_rect_tab; BEGIN {...} FILL_TREE_LVL('any string', 0, lvl,0, min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y); {...} END;

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  • How to pass ctor args in Activator.CreateInstance?

    - by thames
    I need a performance enhanced Activator.CreateInstance() and came across this article by Miron Abramson that uses a factory to create the instance in IL and then cache it. (I've included code below from Miron Abramson's site in case it somehow disappears). I'm new to IL Emit code and anything beyond Activator.CreateInstance() for instantiating a class and any help would be much appreciative. My problem is that I need to create an instance of an object that takes a ctor with a parameter. I see there is a way to pass in the Type of the parameter, but is there a way to pass in the value of the ctor parameter as well? If possible, I would like to use a method similar to CreateObjectFactory<T>(params object[] constructorParams) as some objects I want to instantiate may have more than 1 ctor param. // Source: http://mironabramson.com/blog/post/2008/08/Fast-version-of-the-ActivatorCreateInstance-method-using-IL.aspx public static class FastObjectFactory { private static readonly Hashtable creatorCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable()); private readonly static Type coType = typeof(CreateObject); public delegate object CreateObject(); /// /// Create an object that will used as a 'factory' to the specified type T /// public static CreateObject CreateObjectFactory() where T : class { Type t = typeof(T); FastObjectFactory.CreateObject c = creatorCache[t] as FastObjectFactory.CreateObject; if (c == null) { lock (creatorCache.SyncRoot) { c = creatorCache[t] as FastObjectFactory.CreateObject; if (c != null) { return c; } DynamicMethod dynMethod = new DynamicMethod("DM$OBJ_FACTORY_" + t.Name, typeof(object), null, t); ILGenerator ilGen = dynMethod.GetILGenerator(); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); c = (CreateObject)dynMethod.CreateDelegate(coType); creatorCache.Add(t, c); } } return c; } } Update to Miron's code from commentor on his post 2010-01-11 public static class FastObjectFactory2<T> where T : class, new() { public static Func<T> CreateObject { get; private set; } static FastObjectFactory2() { Type objType = typeof(T); var dynMethod = new DynamicMethod("DM$OBJ_FACTORY_" + objType.Name, objType, null, objType); ILGenerator ilGen = dynMethod.GetILGenerator(); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, objType.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); CreateObject = (Func<T>) dynMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T>)); } }

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  • called function A(args) calls a function B() which then calls a function A(args), How to do that?

    - by Ken
    See example: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>language</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/jsapi"> </script> </head> <body> <div id="language"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> var loaded = false; function load_api() { google.load("language", "1", { "nocss": true, "callback": function() { loaded = true; callback_to_caller(with_caller_agruments); // how to call a function (with the same arguments) which called load_api() ??? // case 1 should be: detect_language('testing'); // case 2 should be: translate('some text'); } }); } function detect_language(text) { if (!loaded) { load_api(); } else { // let's continue... believe that google.language is loaded & ready to use google.language.detect(text, function(result) { if (!result.error && result.language) { document.getElementById('language').innerHTML = result.language; } }); } } function translate(text) { if (!loaded) { load_api(); } else { // let's continue... } } detect_language('testing'); // case 1 translate('some text'); // case 2 </script> </body> </html>

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  • event args assigning

    - by Miroo
    i have this event handler Temp.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Temp_MouseLeftButtonDown); but i wanna send some parameter to access in the Temp_MouseLeftButtonDown function. how can i assign it ??

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  • How can I allow undefined options when parsing args with Getopt

    - by Ross Rogers
    If I have a command line like: my_script.pl -foo -WHATEVER My script knows about --foo, and I want Getopt to set variable $opt_foo, but I don't know anything about -WHATEVER. How can I tell Getopt to parse out the options that I've told it about, and then get the rest of the arguments in a string variable or a list. An example: use strict; use warnings; use Getopt::Long; my $foo; GetOptions('foo' => \$foo); print 'remaining options: ', @ARGV; Then, issuing perl getopttest.pl -foo -WHATEVER gives Unknown option: whatever remaining options:

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  • Javascript: Uncaught exception: "too few args"

    - by Rosarch
    I think I must be making some really stupid mistake. I'm using the latest version of jQuery to write an AJAX app. function refreshGPAForTerm(term) { var meta_data = term.children('.' + TERM_META_DATA_CLASS); meta_data.children('.' + MEDIAN_GPA_CLASS).fadeOut('slow').remove(); meta_data.append(_getMedianGPAElem(term.data('GPA'))).hide().fadeIn('slow'); } function moveToTerm(original_course, helper, term) { var cloned_course = original_course.clone(true); term.data('credits', term.data('credits') + cloned_course.data('credits')); term.data('median_GPA', term.data('median_GPA') + cloned_course.data('credits') * cloned_course.data('GPA')); // error here refreshGPAForTerm(term); refreshCreditForTerm(term); original_course.addClass('already-scheduled'); original_course.draggable('disable'); cloned_course.appendTo(term).hide().fadeIn('slow').draggable(); } When refreshGPAForTerm(term) is called, Firebug displays: "Uncaught exception - Too few arguments". Stepping through in a debugger, the code then goes into jQuery. Why is this happening? What am I doing wrong?

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  • super() in Python 2.x without args

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Trying to convert super(B, self).method() into a simple nice bubble() call. Did it, see below! Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • Crash the program with cmd line args

    - by Debanjan
    Lets us consider the following program : #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char **argv){ int a,b; if (argc != 3) return -1; a = atoi(argv[1]); b = atoi(argv[2]); a = b ? a/b : 0; return a; } The task is to crash the program by providing arguments in command-line.

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  • Decorator that can take both init args and call args?

    - by digitala
    Is it possible to create a decorator which can be __init__'d with a set of arguments, then later have methods called with other arguments? For instance: from foo import MyDecorator bar = MyDecorator(debug=True) @bar.myfunc(a=100) def spam(): pass @bar.myotherfunc(x=False) def eggs(): pass If this is possible, can you provide a working example?

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  • Logging in worker threads spawned from a pylons application does not seem to work

    - by TimM
    I have a pylons application where, under certain cirumstances I want to spawn multiple worker threads to process items in a queue. Right now we aren't making use of a ThreadPool (would be ideal, but we'll add that in later). The main problem is that the worker threads logging does not get written to the log files. When I run the code outside of the pylons application the logging works fine. So I think its something to do with the pylons log handler but not sure what. Here is a basic example of the code (trimmed down): import logging log = logging.getLogger(__name__) import sys from Queue import Queue from threading import Thread, activeCount def run(input, worker, args = None, simulteneousWorkerLimit = None): queue = Queue() threads = [] if args is not None: if len(args) > 0: args = list(args) args = [worker, queue] + args args = tuple(args) else: args = (worker, queue) # start threads for i in range(4): t = Thread(target = __thread, args = args) t.daemon = True t.start() threads.append(t) # add ThreadTermSignal inputData = list(input) inputData.extend([ThreadTermSignal] * 4) # put in the queue for data in inputData: queue.put(data) # block until all contents are downloaded queue.join() log.critical("** A log line that appears fine **") del queue for thread in threads: del thread del threads class ThreadTermSignal(object): pass def __thread(worker, queue, *args): try: while True: data = queue.get() if data is ThreadTermSignal: sys.exit() try: log.critical("** I don't appear when run under pylons **") finally: queue.task_done() except SystemExit: queue.task_done() pass Take note, that the log lin within the RUN method will show up in the log files, but the log line within the worker method (which is run in a spawned thread), does not appear. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks ** EDIT: I should mention that I tried passing in the "log" variable to the worker thread as well as redefining a new "log" variable within the thread and neither worked. ** EDIT: Adding the configuration used for the pylons application (which comes out of the INI file). So the snippet below is from the INI file. [loggers] keys = root [handlers] keys = wsgierrors [formatters] keys = generic [logger_root] level = WARNING handlers = wsgierrors [handler_console] class = StreamHandler args = (sys.stderr,) level = WARNING formatter = generic [handler_wsgierrors] class = pylons.log.WSGIErrorsHandler args = () level = WARNING format = generic

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  • How to deal with elimination of duplicate logic vs. cost of complexity increase?

    - by Gabriel
    I just wrote some code that is very representative of a recurring theme (in my coding world lately): repeated logic leads to an instinct to eliminate duplication which results in something that is more complex the tradeoff seems wrong to me (the examples of the negative side aren't worth posting - but this is probably the 20th console utility I've written in the past 12 months). I'm curious if I'm missing some techniques or if this is really just on of those "experience tells you when to do what" type of issues. Here's the code... I'm tempted to leave it as is, even though there will be about 20 of those if-blocks when I'm done. static void Main(string[] sargs) { try { var urls = new DirectTrackRestUrls(); var restCall = new DirectTrackRestCall(); var logger = new ConsoleLogger(); Args args = (Args)Enum.Parse(typeof(Args), string.Join(",", sargs)); if (args.HasFlag(Args.Campaigns)) { var getter = new ResourceGetter(logger, urls.ListAdvertisers, restCall); restCall.UriVariables.Add("access_id", 1); getter.GotResource += new ResourceGetter.GotResourceEventHandler(getter_GotResource); getter.GetResources(); SaveResources(); } if (args.HasFlag(Args.Advertisers)) { var getter = new ResourceGetter(logger, urls.ListAdvertisers, restCall); restCall.UriVariables.Add("access_id", 1); getter.GotResource += new ResourceGetter.GotResourceEventHandler(getter_GotResource); getter.GetResources(); SaveResources(); } if (args.HasFlag(Args.CampaignGroups)) { var getter = new ResourceGetter(logger, urls.ListCampaignGroups, restCall); getter.GotResource += new ResourceGetter.GotResourceEventHandler(getter_GotResource); getter.GetResources(); SaveResources(); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.InnerException); Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace); }

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  • factory class, wrong number of arguments being passed to subclass constructor

    - by Hugh Bothwell
    I was looking at Python: Exception in the separated module works wrong which uses a multi-purpose GnuLibError class to 'stand in' for a variety of different errors. Each sub-error has its own ID number and error format string. I figured it would be better written as a hierarchy of Exception classes, and set out to do so: class GNULibError(Exception): sub_exceptions = 0 # patched with dict of subclasses once subclasses are created err_num = 0 err_format = None def __new__(cls, *args): print("new {}".format(cls)) # DEBUG if len(args) and args[0] in GNULibError.sub_exceptions: print(" factory -> {} {}".format(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], args[1:])) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], *(args[1:])) else: print(" plain {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(cls, *args) def __init__(self, *args): cls = type(self) print("init {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG self.args = args if cls.err_format is None: self.message = str(args) else: self.message = "[GNU Error {}] ".format(cls.err_num) + cls.err_format.format(*args) def __str__(self): return self.message def __repr__(self): return '{}{}'.format(type(self).__name__, self.args) class GNULibError_Directory(GNULibError): err_num = 1 err_format = "destination directory does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Config(GNULibError): err_num = 2 err_format = "configure file does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Module(GNULibError): err_num = 3 err_format = "selected module does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Cache(GNULibError): err_num = 4 err_format = "{} is expected to contain gl_M4_BASE({})" class GNULibError_Sourcebase(GNULibError): err_num = 5 err_format = "missing sourcebase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Docbase(GNULibError): err_num = 6 err_format = "missing docbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Testbase(GNULibError): err_num = 7 err_format = "missing testsbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Libname(GNULibError): err_num = 8 err_format = "missing libname argument: {}" # patch master class with subclass reference # (TO DO: auto-detect all available subclasses instead of hardcoding them) GNULibError.sub_exceptions = { 1: GNULibError_Directory, 2: GNULibError_Config, 3: GNULibError_Module, 4: GNULibError_Cache, 5: GNULibError_Sourcebase, 6: GNULibError_Docbase, 7: GNULibError_Testbase, 8: GNULibError_Libname } This starts out with GNULibError as a factory class - if you call it with an error number belonging to a recognized subclass, it returns an object belonging to that subclass, otherwise it returns itself as a default error type. Based on this code, the following should be exactly equivalent (but aren't): e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') f = GNULibError_Module('missing.lib') print e # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: 3' print f # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: missing.lib' I added some strategic print statements, and the error seems to be in GNULibError.__new__: >>> e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') new <class '__main__.GNULibError'> factory -> <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> ('missing.lib',) # good... init <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> (3, 'missing.lib') # NO! ^ why? I call the subclass constructor as subclass.__new__(*args[1:]) - this should drop the 3, the subclass type ID - and yet its __init__ is still getting the 3 anyway! How can I trim the argument list that gets passed to subclass.__init__?

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  • Reference an object, based on a variable with it's name in it

    - by James G
    I'm looking for a way to reference an object, based on a variable with it's name in it. I know I can do this for properties and sub properties: var req = {body: {jobID: 12}}; console.log(req.body.jobID); //12 var subProperty = "jobID"; console.log(req.body[subProperty ]); //12 var property = "body"; console.log(req[property][subProperty]); //12 is it possible for the object itself? var req = {body: {jobID: 12}}; var object = "req"; var property = "body"; var subProperty = "jobID"; console.log([object][property][subProperty]); //12 or console.log(this[object][property][subProperty]); //12 Note: I'm doing this in node.js not a browser. Here is an exert from the function: if(action.render){ res.render(action.render,renderData); }else if(action.redirect){ if(action.redirect.args){ var args = action.redirect.args; res.redirect(action.redirect.path+req[args[0]][args[1]]); }else{ res.redirect(action.redirect.path); } } I could work around it by changing it to this, but I was looking for something more dynamic. if(action.render){ res.render(action.render,renderData); }else if(action.redirect){ if(action.redirect.args){ var args = action.redirect.args; if(args[0]==="req"){ res.redirect(action.redirect.path+req[args[1]][args[2]]); }else if(args[0]==="rows"){ rows.redirect(action.redirect.path+rows[args[1]][args[2]]); } }else{ res.redirect(action.redirect.path); } }

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  • Emacs Lisp: How to use ad-get-arg and ad-get-args?

    - by RamyenHead
    I'm not sure I am using ad-get-args and ad-get-arg right. For example, the following code doesn't work. (defun my-add (a b) (+ a b)) (defadvice my-add (after my-log-on activate) (message "my-add: %s" (ad-get-args))) (my-add 1 2) The last expression causes an error: Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-function ad-get-args). The following doesn't work either. (defun my-substract (a b) (- a b)) (defadvice my-substract (around my-log-on activate) (message "my-substract: %s" (ad-get-arg 0)) (ad-do-it)) (my-substract 10 1) The defadvice gives a warning: Warning: `(setq ad-return-value (ad-Orig-my-substract a b))' is a malformed function And the last expression gives an error: Debugger entered--Lisp error: (invalid-function (setq ad-return-value (ad-Orig-my-substract a b))) (setq ad-return-value (ad-Orig-my-substract a b))() I was trying to use defadvice to watch start-process arguments for debugging purposes and I found my way of using ad-get-arg didn't work.

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  • Utility that helps in file locking - expert tips wanted

    - by maix
    I've written a subclass of file that a) provides methods to conveniently lock it (using fcntl, so it only supports unix, which is however OK for me atm) and b) when reading or writing asserts that the file is appropriately locked. Now I'm not an expert at such stuff (I've just read one paper [de] about it) and would appreciate some feedback: Is it secure, are there race conditions, are there other things that could be done better … Here is the code: from fcntl import flock, LOCK_EX, LOCK_SH, LOCK_UN, LOCK_NB class LockedFile(file): """ A wrapper around `file` providing locking. Requires a shared lock to read and a exclusive lock to write. Main differences: * Additional methods: lock_ex, lock_sh, unlock * Refuse to read when not locked, refuse to write when not locked exclusivly. * mode cannot be `w` since then the file would be truncated before it could be locked. You have to lock the file yourself, it won't be done for you implicitly. Only you know what lock you need. Example usage:: def get_config(): f = LockedFile(CONFIG_FILENAME, 'r') f.lock_sh() config = parse_ini(f.read()) f.close() def set_config(key, value): f = LockedFile(CONFIG_FILENAME, 'r+') f.lock_ex() config = parse_ini(f.read()) config[key] = value f.truncate() f.write(make_ini(config)) f.close() """ def __init__(self, name, mode='r', *args, **kwargs): if 'w' in mode: raise ValueError('Cannot open file in `w` mode') super(LockedFile, self).__init__(name, mode, *args, **kwargs) self.locked = None def lock_sh(self, **kwargs): """ Acquire a shared lock on the file. If the file is already locked exclusively, do nothing. :returns: Lock status from before the call (one of 'sh', 'ex', None). :param nonblocking: Don't wait for the lock to be available. """ if self.locked == 'ex': return # would implicitly remove the exclusive lock return self._lock(LOCK_SH, **kwargs) def lock_ex(self, **kwargs): """ Acquire an exclusive lock on the file. :returns: Lock status from before the call (one of 'sh', 'ex', None). :param nonblocking: Don't wait for the lock to be available. """ return self._lock(LOCK_EX, **kwargs) def unlock(self): """ Release all locks on the file. Flushes if there was an exclusive lock. :returns: Lock status from before the call (one of 'sh', 'ex', None). """ if self.locked == 'ex': self.flush() return self._lock(LOCK_UN) def _lock(self, mode, nonblocking=False): flock(self, mode | bool(nonblocking) * LOCK_NB) before = self.locked self.locked = {LOCK_SH: 'sh', LOCK_EX: 'ex', LOCK_UN: None}[mode] return before def _assert_read_lock(self): assert self.locked, "File is not locked" def _assert_write_lock(self): assert self.locked == 'ex', "File is not locked exclusively" def read(self, *args): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).read(*args) def readline(self, *args): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).readline(*args) def readlines(self, *args): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).readlines(*args) def xreadlines(self, *args): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).xreadlines(*args) def __iter__(self): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).__iter__() def next(self): self._assert_read_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).next() def write(self, *args): self._assert_write_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).write(*args) def writelines(self, *args): self._assert_write_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).writelines(*args) def flush(self): self._assert_write_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).flush() def truncate(self, *args): self._assert_write_lock() return super(LockedFile, self).truncate(*args) def close(self): self.unlock() return super(LockedFile, self).close() (the example in the docstring is also my current use case for this) Thanks for having read until down here, and possibly even answering :)

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  • Which of these is pythonic? and Pythonic vs. Speed

    - by Kashyap Nadig
    Hi! I'm new to python and just wrote this module level function: def _interval(patt): """ Converts a string pattern of the form '1y 42d 14h56m' to a timedelta object. y - years (365 days), M - months (30 days), w - weeks, d - days, h - hours, m - minutes, s - seconds""" m = _re.findall(r'([+-]?\d*(?:\.\d+)?)([yMwdhms])', patt) args = {'weeks': 0.0, 'days': 0.0, 'hours': 0.0, 'minutes': 0.0, 'seconds': 0.0} for (n,q) in m: if q=='y': args['days'] += float(n)*365 elif q=='M': args['days'] += float(n)*30 elif q=='w': args['weeks'] += float(n) elif q=='d': args['days'] += float(n) elif q=='h': args['hours'] += float(n) elif q=='m': args['minutes'] += float(n) elif q=='s': args['seconds'] += float(n) return _dt.timedelta(**args) My issue is with the for loop here i.e the long if elif block, and was wondering if there is a more pythonic way of doing it. So I re-wrote the function as: def _interval2(patt): m = _re.findall(r'([+-]?\d*(?:\.\d+)?)([yMwdhms])', patt) args = {'weeks': 0.0, 'days': 0.0, 'hours': 0.0, 'minutes': 0.0, 'seconds': 0.0} argsmap = {'y': ('days', lambda x: float(x)*365), 'M': ('days', lambda x: float(x)*30), 'w': ('weeks', lambda x: float(x)), 'd': ('days', lambda x: float(x)), 'h': ('hours', lambda x: float(x)), 'm': ('minutes', lambda x: float(x)), 's': ('seconds', lambda x: float(x))} for (n,q) in m: args[argsmap[q][0]] += argsmap[q][1](n) return _dt.timedelta(**args) I tested the execution times of both the codes using timeit module and found that the second one took about 5-6 seconds longer (for the default number of repeats). So my question is: 1. Which code is considered more pythonic? 2. Is there still a more pythonic was of writing this function? 3. What about the trade-offs between pythonicity and other aspects (like speed in this case) of programming? p.s. I kinda have an OCD for elegant code. EDITED _interval2 after seeing this answer: argsmap = {'y': ('days', 365), 'M': ('days', 30), 'w': ('weeks', 1), 'd': ('days', 1), 'h': ('hours', 1), 'm': ('minutes', 1), 's': ('seconds', 1)} for (n,q) in m: args[argsmap[q][0]] += float(n)*argsmap[q][1]

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  • Exploring TCP throughput with DTrace (2)

    - by user12820842
    Last time, I described how we can use the overlap in distributions of unacknowledged byte counts and send window to determine whether the peer's receive window may be too small, limiting throughput. Let's combine that comparison with a comparison of congestion window and slow start threshold, all on a per-port/per-client basis. This will help us Identify whether the congestion window or the receive window are limiting factors on throughput by comparing the distributions of congestion window and send window values to the distribution of outstanding (unacked) bytes. This will allow us to get a visual sense for how often we are thwarted in our attempts to fill the pipe due to congestion control versus the peer not being able to receive any more data. Identify whether slow start or congestion avoidance predominate by comparing the overlap in the congestion window and slow start distributions. If the slow start threshold distribution overlaps with the congestion window, we know that we have switched between slow start and congestion avoidance, possibly multiple times. Identify whether the peer's receive window is too small by comparing the distribution of outstanding unacked bytes with the send window distribution (i.e. the peer's receive window). I discussed this here. # dtrace -s tcp_window.d dtrace: script 'tcp_window.d' matched 10 probes ^C cwnd 80 10.175.96.92 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 1024 | 0 2048 | 4 4096 | 6 8192 | 18 16384 | 36 32768 |@ 79 65536 |@ 155 131072 |@ 199 262144 |@@@ 400 524288 |@@@@@@ 798 1048576 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 3848 2097152 | 0 ssthresh 80 10.175.96.92 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 268435456 | 0 536870912 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 5543 1073741824 | 0 unacked 80 10.175.96.92 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 | 1 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 3 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 | 4 4096 | 9 8192 | 21 16384 | 36 32768 |@ 78 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 5391 131072 | 0 swnd 80 10.175.96.92 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 32768 | 0 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 5543 131072 | 0 Here we are observing a large file transfer via http on the webserver. Comparing these distributions, we can observe: That slow start congestion control is in operation. The distribution of congestion window values lies below the range of slow start threshold values (which are in the 536870912+ range), so the connection is in slow start mode. Both the unacked byte count and the send window values peak in the 65536-131071 range, but the send window value distribution is narrower. This tells us that the peer TCP's receive window is not closing. The congestion window distribution peaks in the 1048576 - 2097152 range while the receive window distribution is confined to the 65536-131071 range. Since the cwnd distribution ranges as low as 2048-4095, we can see that for some of the time we have been observing the connection, congestion control has been a limiting factor on transfer, but for the majority of the time the receive window of the peer would more likely have been the limiting factor. However, we know the window has never closed as the distribution of swnd values stays within the 65536-131071 range. So all in all we have a connection that has been mildly constrained by congestion control, but for the bulk of the time we have been observing it neither congestion or peer receive window have limited throughput. Here's the script: #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s tcp:::send / (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { @cwnd["cwnd", args[4]-tcp_sport, args[2]-ip_daddr] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_cwnd); @ssthresh["ssthresh", args[4]-tcp_sport, args[2]-ip_daddr] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_cwnd_ssthresh); @unacked["unacked", args[4]-tcp_sport, args[2]-ip_daddr] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna); @swnd["swnd", args[4]-tcp_sport, args[2]-ip_daddr] = quantize((args[4]-tcp_window)*(1 tcps_snd_ws)); } One surprise here is that slow start is still in operation - one would assume that for a large file transfer, acknowledgements would push the congestion window up past the slow start threshold over time. The slow start threshold is in fact still close to it's initial (very high) value, so that would suggest we have not experienced any congestion (the slow start threshold is adjusted when congestion occurs). Also, the above measurements were taken early in the connection lifetime, so the congestion window did not get a changes to get bumped up to the level of the slow start threshold. A good strategy when examining these sorts of measurements for a given service (such as a webserver) would be start by examining the distributions above aggregated by port number only to get an overall feel for service performance, i.e. is congestion control or peer receive window size an issue, or are we unconstrained to fill the pipe? From there, the overlap of distributions will tell us whether to drill down into specific clients. For example if the send window distribution has multiple peaks, we may want to examine if particular clients show issues with their receive window.

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  • mocking collection behavior with Moq

    - by Stephen Patten
    Hello, I've read through some of the discussions on the Moq user group and have failed to find an example and have been so far unable to find the scenario that I have. Here is my question and code: // 6 periods var schedule = new List<PaymentPlanPeriod>() { new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(1).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(2).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(3).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(4).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(5).ToString()) }; // Now the proxy is correct with the schedule helper.Setup(h => h.GetPlanPeriods(It.IsAny<String>(), schedule)); Then in my tests I use Periods but the Mocked _PaymentPlanHelper never populates the collection, see below for usage: public IEnumerable<PaymentPlanPeriod> Periods { get { if (CanCalculateExpression()) _PaymentPlanHelper.GetPlanPeriods(this.ToString(), _PaymentSchedule); return _PaymentSchedule; } } Now if I change the mocked object to use another overloaded method of GetPlanPeriods that returns a List like so : var schedule = new List<PaymentPlanPeriod>() { new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(1).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(2).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(3).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(4).ToString()), new PaymentPlanPeriod(1000m, args.MinDate.Value.AddMonths(5).ToString()) }; helper.Setup(h => h.GetPlanPeriods(It.IsAny<String>())).Returns(new List<PaymentPlanPeriod>(schedule)); List<PaymentPlanPeriod> result = new _PaymentPlanHelper.GetPlanPeriods(this.ToString()); This works as expected. Any pointers would be awesome, as long as you don't bash my architecture... :) Thank you, Stephen

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  • Passing command line arguments in C#

    - by Mark
    Hi, I'm trying to pass command line arguments to C# application, but I have problem passing something like this: "C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\App name" even if I add " " to the argument? Any help?? Here is the code: public ObjectModel(String[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) return; //no command line arg. //System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(args.Length.ToString()); //System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(args[0]); //System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(args[1]); //System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(args[2]); //System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(args[3]); if (args.Length == 3) { try { RemoveInstalledFolder(args[0]); RemoveUserAccount(args[1]); RemoveShortCutFolder(args[2]); RemoveRegistryEntry(); } catch (Exception e) { } } } And here is what I'm passing: C:\WINDOWS\Uninstaller.exe "C:\Program Files\Application name\" "username" "C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\application name" The problem is: I can get the first and the second args correct, but the last one it gets like this: C:\Documents

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  • Help needed with pyparsing [closed]

    - by Zearin
    Overview So, I’m in the middle of refactoring a project, and I’m separating out a bunch of parsing code. The code I’m concerned with is pyparsing. I have a very poor understanding of pyparsing, even after spending a lot of time reading through the official documentation. I’m having trouble because (1) pyparsing takes a (deliberately) unorthodox approach to parsing, and (2) I’m working on code I didn’t write, with poor comments, and a non-elementary set of existing grammars. (I can’t get in touch with the original author, either.) Failing Test I’m using PyVows to test my code. One of my tests is as follows (I think this is clear even if you’re unfamiliar with PyVows; let me know if it isn’t): def test_multiline_command_ends(self, topic): output = parsed_input('multiline command ends\n\n',topic) expect(output).to_equal( r'''['multiline', 'command ends', '\n', '\n'] - args: command ends - multiline_command: multiline - statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\n', '\n'] - args: command ends - multiline_command: multiline - terminator: ['\n', '\n'] - terminator: ['\n', '\n']''') But when I run the test, I get the following in the terminal: Failed Test Results Expected topic("['multiline', 'command ends']\n- args: command ends\n- command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends']\n - args: command ends\n - command: multiline") to equal "['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n- args: command ends\n- multiline_command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n - args: command ends\n - multiline_command: multiline\n - terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']\n- terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']" Note: Since the output is to a Terminal, the expected output (the second one) has extra backslashes. This is normal. The test ran without issue before this piece of refactoring began. Expected Behavior The first line of output should match the second, but it doesn’t. Specifically, it’s not including the two newline characters in that first list object. So I’m getting this: "['multiline', 'command ends']\n- args: command ends\n- command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends']\n - args: command ends\n - command: multiline" When I should be getting this: "['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n- args: command ends\n- multiline_command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n - args: command ends\n - multiline_command: multiline\n - terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']\n- terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']" Earlier in the code, there is also this statement: pyparsing.ParserElement.setDefaultWhitespaceChars(' \t') …Which I think should prevent exactly this kind of error. But I’m not sure. Even if the problem can’t be identified with certainty, simply narrowing down where the problem is would be a HUGE help. Please let me know how I might take a step or two towards fixing this.

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  • How do I construct a Django reverse/url using query args?

    - by Andrew Dalke
    I have URLs like http://example.com/depict?smiles=CO&width=200&height=200 (and with several other optional arguments) My urls.py contains: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^$', 'cansmi.index'), (r'^cansmi$', 'cansmi.cansmi'), url(r'^depict$', cyclops.django.depict, name="cyclops-depict"), I can go to that URL and get the 200x200 PNG that was constructed, so I know that part works. In my template from the "cansmi.cansmi" response I want to construct a URL for the named template "cyclops-depict" given some query parameters. I thought I could do {% url cyclops-depict smiles=input_smiles width=200 height=200 %} where "input_smiles" is an input to the template via a form submission. In this case it's the string "CO" and I thought it would create a URL like the one at top. This template fails with a TemplateSyntaxError: Caught an exception while rendering: Reverse for 'cyclops-depict' with arguments '()' and keyword arguments '{'smiles': u'CO', 'height': 200, 'width': 200}' not found. This is a rather common error message both here on StackOverflow and elsewhere. In every case I found, people were using them with parameters in the URL path regexp, which is not the case I have where the parameters go into the query. That means I'm doing it wrong. How do I do it right? That is, I want to construct the full URL, including path and query parameters, using something in the template. For reference, % python manage.py shell Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse >>> reverse("cyclops-depict", kwargs=dict()) '/depict' >>> reverse("cyclops-depict", kwargs=dict(smiles="CO")) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 356, in reverse *args, **kwargs))) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 302, in reverse "arguments '%s' not found." % (lookup_view_s, args, kwargs)) NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'cyclops-depict' with arguments '()' and keyword arguments '{'smiles': 'CO'}' not found.

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  • Merge decorator function as class

    - by SyetemHog
    How to make this merge function as class decorator? def merge(*arg, **kwarg): # get decorator args & kwargs def func(f): def tmp(*args, **kwargs): # get function args & kwargs kwargs.update(kwarg) # merge two dictionaries return f(*args, **kwargs) # return merged data return tmp return func Usage: @other_decorator # return *args and **kwarg @merge(list=['one','two','three']) # need to merge with @other_decorator def test(*a, **k): # get merged args and kwargs print 'args:', a print 'kwargs:', k

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