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• Cat all files in a directory, with a specific file at the beginning an end...?

  - by Aeisor

  Is there a way to cat all files in a given directory, but with a particular file at the beginning and end? For example, say I have: file1.js, file2.js, file3.js, file4.js, file5.js -- Effectively I would like to cat file2.js file*.js file3.js > /var/www/output.js I've tried a few variations of these find ! -name "file2.js" ! -name "file3.js" -type f -exec cat file2.js {} file3.js > /var/www/js/output.js \; find ! -name "file2.js" ! -name "file3.js" -type f | xargs -I files cat file2.js files file3.js > /var/www/output.js but the best I can get out of it is file2.js added before and file3.js added after all other files (multiple times) I know I could specify the files in the order I wanted manually, but this is not maintainable (I'm expecting, potentially 100 files). I have looked through man cat, as well as a handful of websites devoted to xargs, find and cat to no avail. Thanks in advance.

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• svn cat for git

  - by sanxiyn

  I am looking for the equivalent of svn cat in git. Yes, I am aware that the similar question was asked here. The answer is to use git show rev:path. However, svn cat can be used for the remote repository. That is, I can do svn cat url@rev and get the file from the specified revision of the remote repository, without getting the whole repository. My understanding is that git show only applies to the local repository. A workaround I found is to use gitweb interface to get the blob.

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• Serial converter - cat /dev/ttyUSB0 hangs on open

  - by Alex

  I am using Ubuntu 11.04 and attached a Garmin data cable. The device gets recognized [17718.502138] USB Serial support registered for pl2303 [17718.502181] pl2303 2-1:1.0: pl2303 converter detected [17718.513416] usb 2-1: pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [17718.513443] usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 [17718.513446] pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver ... but when I do a strace cat /dev/ttyUSB0 it hangs on the open part and does not continue any more open("/dev/ttyUSB0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILEC If I do the same on Ubuntu 12.04 it stops on fread(" ... ") which is okay, as there is currently no data comming in at this port. I am not sure if it is just a different configuration of the system or an driver related problem. How can I track this down further? Unfortunately I can not update the old Ubuntu 11.04 system for different reasons at the moment.

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• cat contents of one file into another file

  - by Attila O.

  I have a large (binary) file that has some corruption near the beginning. Then, I have a second, smaller file that I obtain by starting to download the same file again, but interrupt after I have enough bytes to fix the original one. My question is, how do I simply overwrite the beginning of the large file with the contents of the second, smaller file? I could use cat, tail and head, but that would create a copy of the file. There must be a more efficient way. Oh yes, and I'm looking for a linux command-line solution, if that wasn't obvious. I'm using bash, but I have other shells if that helps.

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• Use a cat + grep as an included source in bash

  - by Andrew

  I'm on a shared webhost where I don't have permission to edit the global bash configuration file at /ect/bashrc. Unfortunately there is one line in the global file, mesg y, which puts the terminal in tty mode and makes scp and similar commands unavailable. My local ~./bashrc includes the global file as a source, like so: # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi My current workaround uses cat and grep to output the global file, sans offending line, into a local file and use that as a source. # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then cat /etc/bashrc | grep -v mesg > ~/.bash_global . ~/.bash_global fi Is there a way to do include a grokked file like this without the intermediate step of creating an actual file? Something like this? . cat /etc/bashrc | grep -v mesg > ~/.bash_global

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• File size limit exceeded in bash

  - by yboren

  I have tried this shell script on a SUSE 10 server, kernel 2.6.16.60, ext3 filesystem the script has problem like this: cat file | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$3}' | sort -n > result the file's size is about 3.2G, and I get such error message: File size limit exceeded in this shell, ulimit -f is unlimited after I change script into this cat file | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$3}' >tmp sort -n tmp > result the problem is gone. I don't know why, can anyone help me with an explanation?

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• Why dd finishes instantly when pipelining to cat?

  - by agsamek

  I start bash on Cygwin and type: dd if=/dev/zero | cat /dev/null It finishes instantly. When I type: dd if=/dev/zero > /dev/null it runs as expected and I can issue killall -USR1 dd to see the progress. Why does the former invocation finishes instantly? Is it the same on a Linux box? * Explanation why I asked such stupid question and possibly not so stupid question I was compressing hdd images and some were compressed incorrectly. I ended up with the following script showing the problem: while sleep 1 ; do killall -v -USR1 dd ; done & dd if=/dev/zero bs=5000000 count=200 | gzip -c | gzip -cd | wc -c Wc should write 1000000000 at the end. The problem is that it does not on my machine: bash-3.2$ dd if=/dev/zero bs=5000000 count=200 | gzip -c | gzip -cd | wc -c 13+0 records in 12+0 records out 60000000 bytes (60 MB) copied, 0.834 s, 71.9 MB/s 27+0 records in 26+0 records out 130000000 bytes (130 MB) copied, 1.822 s, 71.4 MB/s 200+0 records in 200+0 records out 1000000000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 13.231 s, 75.6 MB/s 1005856128 Is it a bug or am I doing something wrong once again?

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• svn cat after svn del

  - by René Nyffenegger

  I have inadvertently svn-deleted a file with svn del --targets del.txt. Now, I'd like to recover that file with svn cat myPreciousFile.txt@4130 > myPreciousFile.txt, but svn gives me a warning that myPreciousFile.txt is not under version control. A svn cat -r 4130 myPreciousFile.txt > myPreciousFile.txt didn't work, either. Can someone please tell me how I'd go about recovering this file again?

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• Combining echo and cat on Unix

  - by Dan

  Really simple question, how do I combine echo and cat in the shell, I'm trying to write the contents of a file into another file with a prepended string? If /tmp/file looks like this: this is a test I want to run this: echo "PREPENDED STRING" cat /tmp/file | sed 's/test/test2/g' > /tmp/result so that /tmp/result looks like this: PREPENDED STRINGthis is a test2 Thanks.

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• How do I program using cat?

  - by Sparragus

  In this xkcd comic: they mention that real programmers use cat. Well, I was asking myself: how could you program using the cat command?

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• Read non-blocking from multiple fifos in parallel

  - by Ole Tange

  I sometimes sit with a bunch of output fifos from programs that run in parallel. I would like to merge these fifos. The naïve solution is: cat fifo* > output But this requires the first fifo to complete before reading the first byte from the second fifo, and this will block the parallel running programs. Another way is: (cat fifo1 & cat fifo2 & ... ) > output But this may mix the output thus getting half-lines in output. When reading from multiple fifos, there must be some rules for merging the files. Typically doing it on a line by line basis is enough for me, so I am looking for something that does: parallel_non_blocking_cat fifo* > output which will read from all fifos in parallel and merge the output on with a full line at a time. I can see it is not hard to write that program. All you need to do is: open all fifos do a blocking select on all of them read nonblocking from the fifo which has data into the buffer for that fifo if the buffer contains a full line (or record) then print out the line if all fifos are closed/eof: exit goto 2 So my question is not: can it be done? My question is: Is it done already and can I just install a tool that does this?

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• mysql weird connection problem

  - by santiago.basulto

  Hi guys! I've a weird problem. I've mysql 5.1 installed on my ubuntu 9.04. I've used it a long time (say 3 month) and everything was going right. Until i faced this really weird problem. When i want to connect to a random database i get this message: ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 1 Current database: test_cake ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111) ERROR: Can't connect to the server It only happens with some databases, while others are totally usefull and healthy. After that, if i try to restart the server i get this. shell /etc/init.d/mysql restart * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado [fail] * Starting MySQL database server mysqld cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado cat: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid: Permiso denegado [fail] ("permiso denegado" is "permission denied"). I don't know what to do. I change the /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid attributes but still not working. Can anybody help me ?

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• Why Does Piping Binary Text to the Screen often Horck a Terminal

  - by Alan Storm

  Imaginary Situation: You’ve used mysqldump to create a backup of a mysql database. This database has columns that are blobs. That means your “text” dump files contains both strings and binary data (binary data stored as strings?) If you cat this file to the screen $ cat dump.mysql you’ll often get unexpected results. The terminal will start beeping, and then the output finishes scrolling by you’ll often have garbage chacters entered on your terminal as through you’d typed them, and sometimes your prompts and anything you type will be garbage characters. Why does this happen? Put another way, I think I’m looking for an overview of what’s actually happening when you store binary strings into a file, and when you cat those files, and when the results of the cat are reported to the terminal, and any other steps I’m missing.

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• accidentally concatenate a large file on a remote system

  - by Dan

  Every once in a while on a computer I'm ssh'd into, I will accidentally type "cat largefile.txt" and my screen will start rushing with text for the next 10 minutes. I'm always working in a screen session, so my current solution is to just log out and then log back in, and since it can go 100X faster when I'm logged out, it'll finish in the short time it takes me to type my password in again. Is there a better way? Either involving the fact I'm in a screen session? Or a way to do this within SSH? What doesn't work: detaching from the screen session (doesn't respond until file is done outputting) trying command to move to a different window in the screen session (also doesn't respond) typing ctrl+C to kill cat command (also doesn't respond, probably because the command is done and the buffers just have to catch up)

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• how does ` cat << EOF` work in bash?

  - by hasen j

  I needed to write a script to enter multi-line input to a program (psql) After a big of googling, I found the following syntax works: cat << EOF | psql ---params BEGIN; `pg_dump ----something` update table .... statement ...; END; EOF This correctly concatenates all these strings and passes the result as an input to psql. but I have no idea how/why it works, can some one please explain? I'm referring mainly to cat << EOF, I know > outputs to a file, >> appends to a file, < reads input from file. What does << exactly do? And is there a man page for it?

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• rsync --files-from (find + cat)

  - by Edward

  I try command rsync -v --files-from=/path/to/list.lst /home/user /path/to/backup list.lst contains for example .gnupg/ .pki/ .gnome2/keyrings/ .mozilla/firefox/*.default/bookmarkbackups/ .mozilla/firefox/*.default/bookmarks.html .mozilla/firefox/.default/.db files .mozilla/firefox/.default/.sqlite and i get error on all strings with * "failed: No such file or directory". Can anybody help me, or as variant can i combine find `cat /path/to/list.lst` with rsync?

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• seg fault at the end of program after executing everything?

  - by Fantastic Fourier

  Hello all, I wrote a quick program which executes every statement before giving a seg fault error. struct foo { int cat; int * dog; }; void bar (void * arg) { printf("o hello bar\n"); struct foo * food = (struct foo *) arg; printf("cat meows %i\n", food->cat); printf("dog barks %i\n", *(food->dog)); } void main() { int cat = 4; int * dog; dog = &cat; printf("cat meows %i\n", cat); printf("dog barks %i\n", *dog); struct foo * food; food->cat = cat; food->dog = dog; printf("cat meows %i\n", food->cat); printf("dog barks %i\n", *(food->dog)); printf("time for foo!\n"); bar(food); printf("begone!\n"); cat = 5; printf("cat meows %i\n", cat); printf("dog barks %i\n", *dog); // return 0; } which gives a result of cat meows 4 dog barks 4 cat meows 4 dog barks 4 time for foo! o hello bar cat meows 4 dog barks 4 begone! cat meows 5 dog barks 5 Segmentation fault (core dumped) I'm not really sure why it seg faults at the end? Any comments/insights are deeply appreciated.

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• Is there a way to reassemble files split without enumerating all of the parts explicitly?

  - by Randell

  I used split -b 32m "file.bz2" "file.bz2.part-" to split a file and it created more than 50 parts. From googling, the way I found to reassemble the parts is to cat file.bz2.part-aa file.bz2.part-ab > file.bz2, while enumerating all the 50+ parts. Is there an easier way to reassemble the parts wherein I no longer need to list all those parts explicitly? I'm using Fedora 12.

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• What does following cat commnad in unix means?

  - by harshit

  I am new to unix cat test.txt | java myfile.java grammar.pcfg > test1.txt 2> test2.txt Thanks

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• Replace text from a MySQL dump using cat (or something else) in shell

  - by Cy

  I've got a database dump in MySQL where I want to replace ocurrencies of paths that are in the dump as plaintext. In this particular case I'd like to replace: /var/www/ for /home/www/ How could I safely do that using cat or any other shell tool?

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• Save user names on .txt file witch username is listed in /etc/passwd file. Bash

  - by user1448637

  well my goal is to make bash script to check if the username exist in /etc/passwd, if true i want to add it to the users.txt file. i am not really good at UNIX programming so i hope somebody help me. while(get to the end of /etc/passwd){ name=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1); num1=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3); num2=$(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f4); if(num1==num2) /*i compare argv[0] with $name */ /* if true i=1 */ } if(i==1) save folowing string "argv[0]=agrv[1]" else "error message"

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• Explain this O(n log n) algorithm for the Cat/Egg Throwing Problem

  - by ripper234

  This problem (How many cats you need to throw out of a building in order to determine the maximal floor where such a cat will survive. Quite cruel, actually), has an accepted answer with O(n^3) complexity. The problem is equivalent to this Google Code Jam, which should be solvable for N=2000000000. It seems that the O(n^3) solution is not good enough to solve it. From looking in the solutions page, jdmetz's solution (#2) seems to be O(n log n). I don't quite understand the algorithm. Can someone explain it? Edit

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• Explained shell statement

  - by Mats Stijlaart

  The following statement will remove line numbers in a txt file: cat withLineNumbers.txt | sed 's/^.......//' >> withoutLineNumbers.txt The input file is created with the following statement (this one i understand): nl -ba input.txt >> withLineNumbers.txt I know the functionality of cat and i know the output is written to the 'withoutLineNumbers.txt' file. But the part of '| sed 's/^.......//'' is not really clear to me. Thanks for your time.

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• Can I use CAT 6a connectors with 7a cable (and get 6a performance)?

  - by Mr. Flibble

  I'm re-wiring a building and want to get the best cable possible laid - it required re-plastering to make a change to the cables and the cables will be there for the next 10 - 20 years. Currently there appears to be cat 7a cable available but not too much in the way of cat 7a connectors. Also - I won't be using 40Gig hardware in the near future. So, my question: is it possible to use cat 6a connectors / patch panels with cat 7a cable and get the same performance as I would had I used cat 6a cable? Are there any gotchas in trying to do this?

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• wp_get_archives(cat=id) <-- Any way to specifiy cat id in archives?

  - by Matrym

  Does anyone know how to specify an INCLUDE ONLY category using wp_get_archives? I would like to specify a category but then list results by month. I've tried kwebble's plugin to no avail. I've also found the following on WP forums, but it appears to only exclude categories. Perhaps it can be modified to do include? Even given that, I'm not sure how I would call it... Thanks in advance! add_filter( 'getarchives_where', 'customarchives_where' ); add_filter( 'getarchives_join', 'customarchives_join' ); function customarchives_join( $x ) { global $wpdb; return $x . " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_relationships ON ($wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id) INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy ON ($wpdb->term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id = $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id)"; } function customarchives_where( $x ) { global $wpdb; $exclude = '1'; // category id to exclude return $x . " AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' AND $wpdb->term_taxonomy.term_id NOT IN ($exclude)";

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