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  • break dataframe into subsets by factor values, send to function that returns glm class, how to recom

    - by Alex Holcombe
    Thanks to Hadley's plyr package ddply function we can take a dataframe, break it down into subdataframes by factors, send each to a function, and then combine the function results for each subdataframe into a new dataframe. But what if the function returns an object of a class like glm or in my case, a c("glm", "lm"). Then, these can't be combined into a dataframe can they? I get this error instead Error in as.data.frame.default(x[[i]], optional = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = stringsAsFactors) : cannot coerce class 'c("glm", "lm")' into a data.frame Is there some more flexible data structure that will accommodate all the complex glm class results of my function calls, preserving the information regarding the dataframe subsets? Or should this be done in an entirely different way?

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  • numpy.equal with string values

    - by Morgoth
    The numpy.equal function does not work if a list or array contains strings: >>> import numpy >>> index = numpy.equal([1,2,'a'],None) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: function not supported for these types, and can't coerce safely to supported types What is the easiest way to workaround this without looping through each element? In the end, I need index to contain a boolean array indicating which elements are None.

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  • Any way to access the type of a Scala Option declaration at runtime using reflection?

    - by Graham Lea
    So, I have a Scala class that looks like this: class TestClass { var value: Option[Int] = None } and I'm tackling a problem where I have a String value and I want to coerce it into that Option[Int] at runtime using reflection. To do so, I need to know that the field is an Option and that the type parameter of the Option is Int. What are my options for figuring out that the type of 'value' is Option[Int] at runtime (i.e. using reflection)? I have seen similar problems solved by annotating the field, e.g. @OptionType(Int.class). I'd prefer a solution that didn't require annotations on the reflection target if possible.

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  • Play local video with an HTML/Javascript based Adobe Air application

    - by Matt Wood
    I'm trying to add some video playback (that will be used for a tutorial) to my Adobe Air application. I'm not a Flex or Flash developer and my application is HTML/Javascript based, so I'm having trouble with some of the video solutions I've been able to find. Here is one of the examples I've found that is flex based: Playing local files with Air I've looked for a free flash video player that I could just embed. But the only one I've found I was unable to coerce to play files from my Air application directory. I was exited at the prospect of using the HTML5 video tag which I thought Air supported, but that also seems to not work. Can anyone recommend a free flash video player that I can embed? Or a solution that doesn't have to be built completely from flex?

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  • How can I make the output from tapply() into a data.frame

    - by James Thompson
    I have a data.frame in R that looks like this: score rms template aln_id description 1 -261.410 4.951 2f22A.pdb 2F22A_1 S_00001_0000002_0 2 -231.987 21.813 1wb9A.pdb 1WB9A_4 S_00002_0000002_0 3 -263.722 4.903 2f22A.pdb 2F22A_3 S_00003_0000002_0 4 -269.681 17.732 1wbbA.pdb 1WBBA_6 S_00004_0000002_0 5 -258.621 19.098 1rxqA.pdb 1RXQA_3 S_00005_0000002_0 6 -246.805 6.889 1rxqA.pdb 1RXQA_15 S_00006_0000002_0 7 -281.300 16.262 1wbdA.pdb 1WBDA_11 S_00007_0000002_0 8 -271.666 4.193 2f22A.pdb 2F22A_2 S_00008_0000002_0 9 -277.964 13.066 1wb9A.pdb 1WB9A_5 S_00009_0000002_0 10 -261.024 17.153 1yy9A.pdb 1YY9A_2 S_00001_0000003_0 I can calculate summary statistics on the data.frame like this: > tapply( d$score, d$template, mean ) 1rxqA.pdb 1wb9A.pdb 1wbbA.pdb 1wbdA.pdb 1yy9A.pdb 2f22A.pdb -252.7130 -254.9755 -269.6810 -281.3000 -261.0240 -265.5993 Is there an easy way that I coerce this output back into a data.frame? I'd like for it to have these two columns: d$template mean I love tapply, but right now I'm cutting and pasting the results from tapply into a text file and hacking it up a bit to get the summary statistics that I want with appropriate names. This feels very wrong, and I'd like to do something better!

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  • How to read a Dependency property from a method

    - by PaN1C_Showt1Me
    XAML: <my:Control ItemsSource="{StaticResource MySource}" A="true" /> Assume a Control with a dependency property A with a default value false; and a method to handle the Source Collection: protected override void OnItemsSourceChanged(System.Collections.IEnumerable oldValue, System.Collections.IEnumerable newValue) {} in which you want to look at A and readout its value (which is true). how would you ensure, that A is already initialized and has a given value? Or how should this be done correctly ? In my case A is something like AllowLateBinding .. Could coerce callback help me?

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  • Is it possible to run the Android emulator as root from NetBeans on the Mac

    - by catwallader
    I have installed NetBeans 6.8 on my MacOS (Leopard) system and use the Kenai plugin for this platform to create an Android application. The trouble is that I cannot run the Android emulator from NetBeans logged in to the Mac as a normal user. I can run the emulator from the command line and the Eclipse environment when logged in as root. When I try to run NetBeans as root, it displays a message indicating many of components of the Android plugin cannot be loaded because the root user somehow links to Java 1.5 and the plugin needs Java 1.6. There are 3 solutions to this problem as far as I can see: Make the root user environment link to Java 1.6 and use NetBeans as root. Coerce NetBeans to su to root before running the Emulator. Stick to using Eclipse for Android development. If anyone knows how how to do 1 or 2 I would appreciate getting advice from you. Thanks in advance.

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  • Liskov principle: violation by type-hinting

    - by Elias Van Ootegem
    According to the Liskov principle, a construction like the one below is invalid, as it strengthens a pre-condition. I know the example is pointless/nonsense, but when I last asked a question like this, and used a more elaborate code sample, it seemed to distract people too much from the actual question. //Data models abstract class Argument { protected $value = null; public function getValue() { return $this->value; } abstract public function setValue($val); } class Numeric extends Argument { public function setValue($val) { $this->value = $val + 0;//coerce to number return $this; } } //used here: abstract class Output { public function printValue(Argument $arg) { echo $this->format($arg); return $this; } abstract public function format(Argument $arg); } class OutputNumeric extends Output { public function format(Numeric $arg)//<-- VIOLATION! { $format = is_float($arg->getValue()) ? '%.3f' : '%d'; return sprintf($format, $arg->getValue()); } } My question is this: Why would this kind of "violation" be considered harmful? So much so that some languages, like the one I used in this example (PHP), don't even allow this? I'm not allowed to strengthen the type-hint of an abstract method but, by overriding the printValue method, I am allowed to write: class OutputNumeric extends Output { final public function printValue(Numeric $arg) { echo $this->format($arg); } public function format(Argument $arg) { $format = is_float($arg->getValue()) ? '%.3f' : '%d'; return sprintf($format, $arg->getValue()); } } But this would imply repeating myself for each and every child of Output, and makes my objects harder to reuse. I understand why the Liskov principle exists, don't get me wrong, but I find it somewhat difficult to fathom why the signature of an abstract method in an abstract class has to be adhered to so much stricter than a non-abstract method. Could someone explain to me why I'm not allowed to hind at a child class, in a child class? The way I see it, the child class OutputNumeric is a specific use-case of Output, and thus might need a specific instance of Argument, namely Numeric. Is it really so wrong of me to write code like this?

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  • Why is Double.Parse so slow?

    - by alexhildyard
    I was recently investigating a bottleneck in one of my applications, which read a CSV file from disk using a TextReader a line at a time, split the tokens, called Double.Parse on each one, then shunted the results into an object list. I was surprised to find it was actually the Double.Parse which seemed to be taking up most of the time.Googling turned up this, which is a little unfocused in places but throws out some excellent ideas:It makes more sense to work with binary format directly, rather than coerce strings into doublesThere is a significant performance improvement in composing doubles directly from the byte stream via long intermediariesString.Split is inefficient on fixed length recordsIn fact it turned out that my problem was more insidious and also more mundane -- a simple case of bad data in, bad data out. Since I had been serialising my Doubles as strings, when I inadvertently divided by zero and produced a "NaN", this of course was serialised as well without error. And because I was reading in using Double.Parse, these "NaN" fields were also (correctly) populating real Double objects without error. The issue is that Double.Parse("NaN") is incredibly slow. In fact, it is of the order of 2000x slower than parsing a valid double. For example, the code below gave me results of 357ms to parse 1000 NaNs, versus 15ms to parse 100,000 valid doubles.            const int invalid_iterations = 1000;            const int valid_iterations = invalid_iterations * 100;            const string invalid_string = "NaN";            const string valid_string = "3.14159265";            DateTime start = DateTime.Now;                        for (int i = 0; i < invalid_iterations; i++)            {                double invalid_double = Double.Parse(invalid_string);            }            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0} iterations of invalid double, time taken (ms): {1}",                invalid_iterations,                ((TimeSpan)DateTime.Now.Subtract(start)).Milliseconds            ));            start = DateTime.Now;            for (int i = 0; i < valid_iterations; i++)            {                double valid_double = Double.Parse(valid_string);            }            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0} iterations of valid double, time taken (ms): {1}",                valid_iterations,                ((TimeSpan)DateTime.Now.Subtract(start)).Milliseconds            )); I think the moral is to look at the context -- specifically the data -- as well as the code itself. Once I had corrected my data, the performance of Double.Parse was perfectly acceptable, and while clearly it could have been improved, it was now sufficient to my needs.

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  • Why Apple’s New SDK Limitation is So Offensive

    - by TStewartDev
    I am not an Apple fanboy, nor have I ever been. However, I have owned a Mac, an iPod, and an iPhone in my lifetime, and for more than a decade, I have defended Apple against the untruths that the haters so enjoy spewing. I encouraged my wife to buy a MacBook when she needed a new laptop two years ago, and I often recommend them to my friends and relatives. I have proudly and happily used my first generation iPhone for nearly three years. Now, for the first time in well over ten years, I find myself ready to swear off Apple and encourage everyone I know to do the same. I was disappointed when Apple wouldn't allow native apps, but I still bought the iPhone. I've stomached their ambiguous app approval process even though it's apparent that Steve may just reject your app because he doesn't like you or feels threatened by you (I'm still lamenting the rejection of the Google Voice app). But, as a developer, I can no longer tolerate Apple's terms and the kind of totalitarian control they indicate Apple wants. In case you are not already familiar, Apple has dictated in their OS 4.0 SDK license agreement (the now infamous Section 3.3.1) that all apps developed for the iPhone must be coded in C, C++, or Objective C, and moreover, that using any cross-compiling platforms is a violation of the agreement. For those of you who aren't developers, let me try to illustrate why this angers those of us who are. Imagine you're a professional writer. You've had articles published in some journals and magazines, and you've got a couple popular books out there, too. You've got an idea for a new book, and so you take it to your publisher. Your publisher agrees that it's a good idea. "But," says the publisher, "we want to hold our books to a tighter standard so that our readers get the experience we want them to have. Therefore, from now on, all our writers may only use words from this list of the 10,000 most common English words. Furthermore, if you cite any other works or quote anyone, they must comply with that same list, or you'll have to rewrite the entire work as well in case our readers want to look up your citation." What do you do? If your work is a children's book, this probably isn't a big deal to you. If it's an autobiography, textbook, or even a novel, though, you're going to have a lot of trouble describing your content with only common words. It's going to take you longer to complete your book, too, since you'll be looking up less common words frequently to see if you can use them. You could always go to another publisher, but this one has the best ability to distribute your book. The next largest distributor can only do a quarter as much. You could abandon the project altogether, but then everyone loses. Isn't this a silly scenario? Who would put such a limitation on writers? Yet this is very much what Apple is doing. They are using their dominant position in the market to coerce developers to write their apps exclusively for the iPhone OS by making it too expensive to write for multiple platforms. It is at least a threefold attack, striking at Adobe who is set to release a compiler that lets Flash source be compiled to iPhone binaries; striking at Google whose Android platform stands the best chance at the moment of providing serious competition to the iPhone; and reinforcing their own strong position by keeping popular apps exclusively to iPhone. And while developers are already very upset about this, the sad fact is that most of us will cave and give in to Apple because consumers don't know any better. They will continue to buy Apple's toy forcing developers to play Apple's maniacal game in order to make any money, at least until Steve Jobs decides he doesn't like them or he intends to release a competing application (bye-bye OpenFeint). Apple has been kept in check on the desktop front by a very dominant Microsoft, but I'm afraid that their success with iPods, iTunes, and iPhones has created a monster that we may have to bear until it is slain by an anti-trust suit or dies with the retirement of Steve Jobs.

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  • How to force ADO.Net to use only the System.String DataType in the readers TableSchema.

    - by Keith Sirmons
    Howdy, I am using an OleDbConnection to query an Excel 2007 Spreadsheet. I want force the OleDbDataReader to use only string as the column datatype. The system is looking at the first 8 rows of data and inferring the data type to be Double. The problem is that on row 9 I have a string in that column and the OleDbDataReader is returning a Null value since it could not be cast to a Double. I have used these connection strings: Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source="ExcelFile.xlsx";Persist Security Info=False;Extended Properties="Excel 12.0;IMEX=1;HDR=No" Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="ExcelFile.xlsx";Persist Security Info=False;Extended Properties="Excel 8.0;HDR=No;IMEX=1" Looking at the reader.GetSchemaTable().Rows[7].ItemArray[5], it's dataType is Double. Row 7 in this schema correlates with the specific column in Excel I am having issues with. ItemArray[5] is its DataType column Is it possible to create a custom TableSchema for the reader so when accessing the ExcelFiles, I can treat all cells as text instead of letting the system attempt to infer the datatype? I found some good info at this page: Tips for reading Excel spreadsheets using ADO.NET The main quirk about the ADO.NET interface is how datatypes are handled. (You'll notice I've been carefully avoiding the question of which datatypes are returned when reading the spreadsheet.) Are you ready for this? ADO.NET scans the first 8 rows of data, and based on that guesses the datatype for each column. Then it attempts to coerce all data from that column to that datatype, returning NULL whenever the coercion fails! Thank you, Keith Here is a reduced version of my code: using (OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(BuildConnectionString(dataMapper).ToString())) { connection.Open(); using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand()) { cmd.Connection = connection; cmd.CommandText = SELECT * from [Sheet1$]; using (OleDbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { using (DataTable dataTable = new DataTable("TestTable")) { dataTable.Load(reader); base.SourceDataSet.Tables.Add(dataTable); } } } }

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  • Django Form Preview

    - by Mark Kecko
    I'm trying to use django's FormPreview and I can't get it to work properly. Here's my code: forms.py class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): status = forms.TypedChoiceField( coerce=int, choices=LIST_STATUS, label="type", widget=forms.RadioSelect ) description = forms.CharField(widget = forms.Textarea) stage = forms.CharField() def __init__(self, useradd=None, *args, **kwargs): super(MyForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['firm'].label = "Firm" class Meta: model = MyModel fields = ['status', 'description', 'stage'] class MyFormPreview(FormPreview): form_template = 'templates/post.html' preview_template = 'templates/review.html' def process_preview(self, request, cleaned_data): print "processed" def done(self, request, cleaned_data): print "done" # Do something with the cleaned_data, then redirect # to a "success" page. return HttpResponseRedirect('/') urls.py (r'^post/$', MyFormPreview(MyForm)), post.html <form id = "post_ad" action = "" method = "POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <table> {{form.as_table}} </table> <input type="submit" name="save" value="Post" /> </form> When I go to /post/ I get the correct form and I fill it out. When I submit the form it goes right back to /post/ but but there are no errors (I've tried displaying {{errors}}) and the form is empty. None of my print statements execute. I'm not sure what I'm missing. Can anyone help me out? I can't find any documentation besides what's on the django site. Also, what's the "preview" variable called that I should use in my preview.html template? {{preview}} or do I just do {{form}} again? -- Answered below. I tried adding 'django.contrib.formtools' to my installed_apps in settings and I tried using the code from the default form templates from django.contrib as suggested below. Still, when I submit the form I go right back to the post template, none of my print statements execute :(

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  • MSBuild "Wrapper" fails while VS2010 "Pure" compile succeeds for MFC application in CruiseControl.NE

    - by ee
    The Overview I am working on a Continuous Integration build of a MFC appliction via CruiseControl.net and VS2010. When building my .sln, a "Visual Studio" CCNet task (devenv) works, but a wrapper MSBuild script run via the CCNet MSBuild task fails with errors like: error RC1015: cannot open include file 'winres.h'.. error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'afxwin.h': No such file or directory error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'afx.h': No such file or directory The Question How can I adjust the build environment of my msbuild wrapper so that the application builds correctly? (Pretty clearly the MFC paths aren't right for the msbuild environment, but how do i fix it for MSBuild+VS2010+MFC+CCNet?) Background Details We have successfully upgraded an MFC application (.exe with some MFC extension .dlls) to Visual Studio 2010 and can compile the application without issue on developer machines. Now I am working on compiling the application on the CI server environment I did a full installation of VS2010 (Professional) on the build server. In this way, I knew everything I needed would be on the machine (one way or another) and that this would be consistent with developer machines. VS2010 is correctly installed on the CI server, and the devenv task works as expected I now have a wrapper MSBuild script that does some extended version processing and then builds the .sln for the application via an MSBuild task. This wrapper script is run via CCNet's MSBuild task and fails with the above mentioned errors My Assumptions This seems to be a missing/wrong configuration of include paths to standard header resources of the MFC persuasion I should be able to coerce the MSBuild environment to consider the relevant resource files from my VS2010 install and have this approach work. But how do I do that? Am I setting Environment variables? Registry settings? I can see how one can inject additional directories in some cases, but this seems to need a more systemic configuration at the compiler defaults level.

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  • A "smart" (forgiving) date parser?

    - by jdmuys
    I have to migrate a very large dataset from one system to another. One of the "source" column contains a date but is really a string with no constraint, while the destination system mandates a date in the format yyyy-mm-dd. Many, but not all, of the source dates are formatted as yyyymmdd. So to coerce them to the expected format, I do (in Perl): return "$1-$2-$3" if ($val =~ /(\d{4})[-\/]*(\d{2})[-\/]*(\d{2})/); The problem arises when the source dates moves away from the "generic" yyyymmdd. The goal is to salvage as many dates as possible, before giving up. Example source strings include: 21/3/1998, March 2004, 2001, 3/4/97 I can try to match as many of the examples I can find with a succession of regular expressions such as the one above. But is there something smarter to do? Am I not reinventing the wheel? Is there a library somewhere doing something similar? I couldn't find anything relevant googling "forgiving date parser". (any language is OK).

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  • Django repeating vars/cache issue?

    - by Mark
    I'm trying to build a better/more powerful form class for Django. It's working well, except for these sub-forms. Actually, it works perfectly right after I re-start apache, but after I refresh the page a few times, my HTML output starts to look like this: <input class="text" type="text" id="pickup_addr-pickup_addr-pickup_addr-id-pickup_addr-venue" value="" name="pickup_addr-pickup_addr-pickup_addr-pickup_addr-venue" /> The pickup_addr- part starts repeating many times. I was looking for loops around the prefix code that might have cause this to happen, but the output isn't even consistent when I refresh the page, so I think something is getting cached somewhere, but I can't even imagine how that's possible. The prefix car should be reset when the class is initialized, no? Unless it's somehow not initializing something? class Form(object): count = 0 def __init__(self, data={}, prefix='', action='', id=None, multiple=False): self.fields = {} self.subforms = {} self.data = {} self.action = action self.id = fnn(id, 'form%d' % Form.count) self.errors = [] self.valid = True if not empty(prefix) and prefix[-1:] not in ('-','_'): prefix += '-' for name, field in inspect.getmembers(self, lambda m: isinstance(m, Field)): if name[:2] == '__': continue field_name = fnn(field.name, name) field.label = fnn(field.label, humanize(field_name)) field.name = field.widget.name = prefix + field_name + ife(multiple, '[]') field.id = field.auto_id = field.widget.id = ife(field.id==None, 'id-') + prefix + fnn(field.id, field_name) + ife(multiple, Form.count) field.errors = [] val = fnn(field.widget.get_value(data), field.default) if isinstance(val, basestring): try: val = field.coerce(field.format(val)) except Exception, err: self.valid = False field.errors.append(escape_html(err)) field.val = self.data[name] = field.widget.val = val for rule in field.rules: rule.fields = self.fields rule.val = field.val rule.name = field.name self.fields[name] = field for name, form in inspect.getmembers(self, lambda m: ispropersubclass(m, Form)): if name[:2] == '__': continue self.subforms[name] = self.__dict__[name] = form(data=data, prefix='%s%s-' % (prefix, name)) Form.count += 1 Let me know if you need more code... I know it's a lot, but I just can't figure out what's causing this!

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  • .NET 3.5 Installation Problems in Windows 8

    - by Rick Strahl
    Windows 8 installs with .NET 4.5. A default installation of Windows 8 doesn't seem to include .NET 3.0 or 3.5, although .NET 2.0 does seem to be available by default (presumably because Windows has app dependencies on that). I ran into some pretty nasty compatibility issues regarding .NET 3.5 which I'll describe in this post. I'll preface this by saying that depending on how you install Windows 8 you may not run into these issues. In fact, it's probably a special case, but one that might be common with developer folks reading my blog. Specifically it's the install order that screwed things up for me -  installing Visual Studio before explicitly installing .NET 3.5 from Windows Features - in particular. If you install Visual Studio 2010 I highly recommend you install .NET 3.5 from Windows features BEFORE you install Visual Studio 2010 and save yourself the trouble I went through. So when I installed Windows 8, and then looked at the Windows Features to install after the fact in the Windows Feature dialog, I thought - .NET 3.5 - who needs it. I'd be happy to not have to install .NET 3.5, but unfortunately I found out quite a while after initial installation that one of my applications/tools (DevExpress's awesome CodeRush) depends on it and won't install without it. Enabling .NET 3.5 in Windows 8 If you want to run .NET 3.5 on Windows 8, don't download an installer - those installers don't work on Windows 8, and you don't need to do this because you can use the Windows Features dialog to enable .NET 3.5: And that *should* do the trick. If you do this before you install other apps that require .NET 3.5 and install a non-SP1 one version of it, you are going to have no problems. Unfortunately for me, even after I've installed the above, when I run the CodeRush installer I still get this lovely dialog: Now I double checked to see if .NET 3.5 is installed - it is, both for 32 bit and 64 bit. I went as far as creating a small .NET Console app and running it to verify that it actually runs. And it does… So naturally I thought the CodeRush installer is a little whacky. After some back and forth Alex Skorkin on Twitter pointed me in the right direction: He asked me to look in the registry for exact info on which version of .NET 3.5 is installed here: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP where I found that .NET 3.5 SP1 was installed. This is the 64 bit key which looks all correct. However, when I looked under the 32 bit node I found: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v3.5 Notice that the service pack number is set to 0, rather than 1 (which it was for the 64 bit install), which is what the installer requires. So to summarize: the 64 bit version is installed with SP1, the 32 bit version is not. Uhm, Ok… thanks for that! Easy to fix, you say - just install SP1. Nope, not so easy because the standalone installer doesn't work on Windows 8. I can't get either .NET 3.5 installer or the SP 1 installer to even launch. They simply start and hang (or exit immediately) without messages. I also tried to get Windows to update .NET 3.5 by checking for Windows Updates, which should pick up on the dated version of .NET 3.5 and pull down SP1, but that's also no go. Check for Updates doesn't bring down any updates for me yet. I'm sure at some random point in the future Windows will deem it necessary to update .NET 3.5 to SP1, but at this point it's not letting me coerce it to do it explicitly. How did this happen I'm not sure exactly whether this is the cause and effect, but I suspect the story goes like this: Installed Windows 8 without support for .NET 3.5 Installed Visual Studio 2010 which installs .NET 3.5 (no SP) I now had .NET 3.5 installed but without SP1. I then: Tried to install CodeRush - Error: .NET 3.5 SP1 required Enabled .NET 3.5 in Windows Features I figured enabling the .NET 3.5 Windows Features would do the trick. But still no go. Now I suspect Visual Studio installed the 32 bit version of .NET 3.5 on my machine and Windows Features detected the previous install and didn't reinstall it. This left the 32 bit install at least with no SP1 installed. How to Fix it My final solution was to completely uninstall .NET 3.5 *and* to reboot: Go to Windows Features Uncheck the .NET Framework 3.5 Restart Windows Go to Windows Features Check .NET Framework 3.5 and voila, I now have a proper installation of .NET 3.5. I tried this before but without the reboot step in between which did not work. Make sure you reboot between uninstalling and reinstalling .NET 3.5! More Problems The above fixed me right up, but in looking for a solution it seems that a lot of people are also having problems with .NET 3.5 installing properly from the Windows Features dialog. The problem there is that the feature wasn't properly loading from the installer disks or not downloading the proper components for updates. It turns out you can explicitly install Windows features using the DISM tool in Windows.dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /Source:f:\sources\sxs You can try this without the /Source flag first - which uses the hidden Windows installer files if you kept those. Otherwise insert the DVD or ISO and point at the path \sources\sxs path where the installer lives. This also gives you a little more information if something does go wrong.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Windows  .NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • <msbuild/> task fails while <devenv/> succeeds for MFC application in CruiseControl.NET?

    - by ee
    The Overview I am working on a Continuous Integration build of a MFC appliction via CruiseControl.net and VS2010. When building my .sln, a "Visual Studio" CCNet task (<devenv/>) works, but a simple MSBuild wrapper script (see below) run via the CCNet <msbuild/> task fails with errors like: error RC1015: cannot open include file 'winres.h'.. error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'afxwin.h': No such file or directory error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'afx.h': No such file or directory The Question How can I adjust the build environment of my msbuild wrapper so that the application builds correctly? (Pretty clearly the MFC paths aren't right for the msbuild environment, but how do i fix it for MSBuild+VS2010+MFC+CCNet?) Background Details We have successfully upgraded an MFC application (.exe with some MFC extension .dlls) to Visual Studio 2010 and can compile the application without issue on developer machines. Now I am working on compiling the application on the CI server environment I did a full installation of VS2010 (Professional) on the build server. In this way, I knew everything I needed would be on the machine (one way or another) and that this would be consistent with developer machines. VS2010 is correctly installed on the CI server, and the devenv task works as expected I now have a wrapper MSBuild script that does some extended version processing and then builds the .sln for the application via an MSBuild task. This wrapper script is run via CCNet's MSBuild task and fails with the above mentioned errors The Simple MSBuild Wrapper <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"> <Target Name="Build"> <!-- Doing some versioning stuff here--> <MSBuild Projects="target.sln" Properties="Configuration=ReleaseUnicode;Platform=Any CPU;..." /> </Target> </Project> My Assumptions This seems to be a missing/wrong configuration of include paths to standard header resources of the MFC persuasion I should be able to coerce the MSBuild environment to consider the relevant resource files from my VS2010 install and have this approach work. Given the vs2010 msbuild support for visual c++ projects (.vcxproj), shouldn't msbuilding a solution be pretty close to compiling via visual studio? But how do I do that? Am I setting Environment variables? Registry settings? I can see how one can inject additional directories in some cases, but this seems to need a more systemic configuration at the compiler defaults level. Update 1 This appears to only ever happen in two cases: resource compilation (rc.exe), and precompiled header (stdafx.h) compilation, and only for certain projects? I was thinking it was across the board, but indeed it appears only to be in these cases. I guess I will keep digging and hope someone has some insight they would be willing to share...

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  • Writing OpenGL enabled GUI

    - by Jaen
    I am exploring a possibility to write a kind of a notebook analogue that would reproduce the look and feel of using a traditional notebook, but with the added benefit of customizing the page in ways you can't do on paper - ask the program to lay ruled paper here, grid paper there, paste an image, insert a recording from the built-in camera, try to do handwriting recognition on the tablet input, insert some latex for neat formulas and so on. I'm pretty interested in developing it just to see if writing notes on computer can come anywhere close to the comfort plain paper + pencil offer (hard to do IMO) and can always turn it in as a university C++ project, so double gain there. Coming from the type of project there are certain requirements for the user interface: the user will be able to zoom, move and rotate the notebook as he wishes and I think it's pretty sensible delegate it to OpenGL, so the prospective GUI needs to work well with OGL (preferably being rendered in it) the interface should be navigable with as little of keyboard input as user wishes (incorporating some sort of gestures maybe) up to limiting the keyboard keys as modifiers to the pen movements and taps; this includes tablet and possible multitouch support the interface should keep out of the way where not needed and come up where needed and be easily layerable the notebook sheet itself will be a container for objects representing the notebook blurbs, so it would be nice if the GUI would be able to overlay some frames over the exact parts of the OpenGL-drawn sheet to signify what can be done with given part (like moving, rotating, deleting, copying, editing etc.) and it's extents In terms of interface it's probably going to end up similar to Alias' Sketch Book Pro: [picture][http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GGxlzvZW-CY/SeKYA_oBdSI/AAAAAAAAErE/J6A0kyXiuqA/s400/Autodesk_Alias_SketchBook_Pro_2.jpg] As far as toolkits go I'm considering Qt and nui, but I'm not really aware how well would they match up the requirements and how well would they handle such an application. As far as I know you can somehow coerce Qt into doing widget drawing with OpenGL, but on the other hand I heard voices it's slot-signal framework isn't exactly optimal and requires it's own preprocessor and I don't know how hard would be to do all the custom widgets I would need (say color-wheel, ruler, blurb frames, blurb selection, tablet-targeted pop-up menu etc.) in the constraints of Qt. Also quite a few Qt programs I've had on my machine seemed really sluggish, but it may be attributed to me having old PC or programmers using Qt suboptimally rather to the framework itself. As for [nui][http://www.libnui.net/] I know it's also cross-platform and all of the basic things you would require of a GUI toolkit and what is the biggest plus it is OpenGL-enabled from the start, but I don't know how it is with custom widgets and other facets and it certainly has smaller userbase and less elaborate documentation than Qt. The question goes as this: Does any of these toolkits fulfill (preferably all of) the requirements or there is a well fitting toolkit I haven't come across or maybe I should just roll up my sleeves, get SFML (or maybe Clutter would be more suited to this?) and something like FastDelegates or libsigc++ and program the GUI framework from the ground up myself? I would be very glad if anyone had experience with a similar GUI project and can offer some comments on how well these toolkits hold up or is it worthwhile to pursue own GUI toolkit in this case. Sorry for longwindedness, duh.

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  • How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

    - by Regan
    I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • How can I make the storage of C++ lambda objects more efficient?

    - by Peter Ruderman
    I've been thinking about storing C++ lambda's lately. The standard advice you see on the Internet is to store the lambda in a std::function object. However, none of this advice ever considers the storage implications. It occurred to me that there must be some seriously black voodoo going on behind the scenes to make this work. Consider the following class that stores an integer value: class Simple { public: Simple( int value ) { puts( "Constructing simple!" ); this->value = value; } Simple( const Simple& rhs ) { puts( "Copying simple!" ); this->value = rhs.value; } Simple( Simple&& rhs ) { puts( "Moving simple!" ); this->value = rhs.value; } ~Simple() { puts( "Destroying simple!" ); } int Get() const { return this->value; } private: int value; }; Now, consider this simple program: int main() { Simple test( 5 ); std::function<int ()> f = [test] () { return test.Get(); }; printf( "%d\n", f() ); } This is the output I would hope to see from this program: Constructing simple! Copying simple! Moving simple! Destroying simple! 5 Destroying simple! Destroying simple! First, we create the value test. We create a local copy on the stack for the temporary lambda object. We then move the temporary lambda object into memory allocated by std::function. We destroy the temporary lambda. We print our output. We destroy the std::function. And finally, we destroy the test object. Needless to say, this is not what I see. When I compile this on Visual C++ 2010 (release or debug mode), I get this output: Constructing simple! Copying simple! Copying simple! Copying simple! Copying simple! Destroying simple! Destroying simple! Destroying simple! 5 Destroying simple! Destroying simple! Holy crap that's inefficient! Not only did the compiler fail to use my move constructor, but it generated and destroyed two apparently superfluous copies of the lambda during the assignment. So, here finally are the questions: (1) Is all this copying really necessary? (2) Is there some way to coerce the compiler into generating better code? Thanks for reading!

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  • Rendering ASP.NET MVC Views to String

    - by Rick Strahl
    It's not uncommon in my applications that I require longish text output that does not have to be rendered into the HTTP output stream. The most common scenario I have for 'template driven' non-Web text is for emails of all sorts. Logon confirmations and verifications, email confirmations for things like orders, status updates or scheduler notifications - all of which require merged text output both within and sometimes outside of Web applications. On other occasions I also need to capture the output from certain views for logging purposes. Rather than creating text output in code, it's much nicer to use the rendering mechanism that ASP.NET MVC already provides by way of it's ViewEngines - using Razor or WebForms views - to render output to a string. This is nice because it uses the same familiar rendering mechanism that I already use for my HTTP output and it also solves the problem of where to store the templates for rendering this content in nothing more than perhaps a separate view folder. The good news is that ASP.NET MVC's rendering engine is much more modular than the full ASP.NET runtime engine which was a real pain in the butt to coerce into rendering output to string. With MVC the rendering engine has been separated out from core ASP.NET runtime, so it's actually a lot easier to get View output into a string. Getting View Output from within an MVC Application If you need to generate string output from an MVC and pass some model data to it, the process to capture this output is fairly straight forward and involves only a handful of lines of code. The catch is that this particular approach requires that you have an active ControllerContext that can be passed to the view. This means that the following approach is limited to access from within Controller methods. Here's a class that wraps the process and provides both instance and static methods to handle the rendering:/// <summary> /// Class that renders MVC views to a string using the /// standard MVC View Engine to render the view. /// /// Note: This class can only be used within MVC /// applications that have an active ControllerContext. /// </summary> public class ViewRenderer { /// <summary> /// Required Controller Context /// </summary> protected ControllerContext Context { get; set; } public ViewRenderer(ControllerContext controllerContext) { Context = controllerContext; } /// <summary> /// Renders a full MVC view to a string. Will render with the full MVC /// View engine including running _ViewStart and merging into _Layout /// </summary> /// <param name="viewPath"> /// The path to the view to render. Either in same controller, shared by /// name or as fully qualified ~/ path including extension /// </param> /// <param name="model">The model to render the view with</param> /// <returns>String of the rendered view or null on error</returns> public string RenderView(string viewPath, object model) { return RenderViewToStringInternal(viewPath, model, false); } /// <summary> /// Renders a partial MVC view to string. Use this method to render /// a partial view that doesn't merge with _Layout and doesn't fire /// _ViewStart. /// </summary> /// <param name="viewPath"> /// The path to the view to render. Either in same controller, shared by /// name or as fully qualified ~/ path including extension /// </param> /// <param name="model">The model to pass to the viewRenderer</param> /// <returns>String of the rendered view or null on error</returns> public string RenderPartialView(string viewPath, object model) { return RenderViewToStringInternal(viewPath, model, true); } public static string RenderView(string viewPath, object model, ControllerContext controllerContext) { ViewRenderer renderer = new ViewRenderer(controllerContext); return renderer.RenderView(viewPath, model); } public static string RenderPartialView(string viewPath, object model, ControllerContext controllerContext) { ViewRenderer renderer = new ViewRenderer(controllerContext); return renderer.RenderPartialView(viewPath, model); } protected string RenderViewToStringInternal(string viewPath, object model, bool partial = false) { // first find the ViewEngine for this view ViewEngineResult viewEngineResult = null; if (partial) viewEngineResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(Context, viewPath); else viewEngineResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindView(Context, viewPath, null); if (viewEngineResult == null) throw new FileNotFoundException(Properties.Resources.ViewCouldNotBeFound); // get the view and attach the model to view data var view = viewEngineResult.View; Context.Controller.ViewData.Model = model; string result = null; using (var sw = new StringWriter()) { var ctx = new ViewContext(Context, view, Context.Controller.ViewData, Context.Controller.TempData, sw); view.Render(ctx, sw); result = sw.ToString(); } return result; } } The key is the RenderViewToStringInternal method. The method first tries to find the view to render based on its path which can either be in the current controller's view path or the shared view path using its simple name (PasswordRecovery) or alternately by its full virtual path (~/Views/Templates/PasswordRecovery.cshtml). This code should work both for Razor and WebForms views although I've only tried it with Razor Views. Note that WebForms Views might actually be better for plain text as Razor adds all sorts of white space into its output when there are code blocks in the template. The Web Forms engine provides more accurate rendering for raw text scenarios. Once a view engine is found the view to render can be retrieved. Views in MVC render based on data that comes off the controller like the ViewData which contains the model along with the actual ViewData and ViewBag. From the View and some of the Context data a ViewContext is created which is then used to render the view with. The View picks up the Model and other data from the ViewContext internally and processes the View the same it would be processed if it were to send its output into the HTTP output stream. The difference is that we can override the ViewContext's output stream which we provide and capture into a StringWriter(). After rendering completes the result holds the output string. If an error occurs the error behavior is similar what you see with regular MVC errors - you get a full yellow screen of death including the view error information with the line of error highlighted. It's your responsibility to handle the error - or let it bubble up to your regular Controller Error filter if you have one. To use the simple class you only need a single line of code if you call the static methods. Here's an example of some Controller code that is used to send a user notification to a customer via email in one of my applications:[HttpPost] public ActionResult ContactSeller(ContactSellerViewModel model) { InitializeViewModel(model); var entryBus = new busEntry(); var entry = entryBus.LoadByDisplayId(model.EntryId); if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.Email) ) entryBus.ValidationErrors.Add("Email address can't be empty.","Email"); if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.Message)) entryBus.ValidationErrors.Add("Message can't be empty.","Message"); model.EntryId = entry.DisplayId; model.EntryTitle = entry.Title; if (entryBus.ValidationErrors.Count > 0) { ErrorDisplay.AddMessages(entryBus.ValidationErrors); ErrorDisplay.ShowError("Please correct the following:"); } else { string message = ViewRenderer.RenderView("~/views/template/ContactSellerEmail.cshtml",model, ControllerContext); string title = entry.Title + " (" + entry.DisplayId + ") - " + App.Configuration.ApplicationName; AppUtils.SendEmail(title, message, model.Email, entry.User.Email, false, false)) } return View(model); } Simple! The view in this case is just a plain MVC view and in this case it's a very simple plain text email message (edited for brevity here) that is created and sent off:@model ContactSellerViewModel @{ Layout = null; }re: @Model.EntryTitle @Model.ListingUrl @Model.Message ** SECURITY ADVISORY - AVOID SCAMS ** Avoid: wiring money, cross-border deals, work-at-home ** Beware: cashier checks, money orders, escrow, shipping ** More Info: @(App.Configuration.ApplicationBaseUrl)scams.html Obviously this is a very simple view (I edited out more from this page to keep it brief) -  but other template views are much more complex HTML documents or long messages that are occasionally updated and they are a perfect fit for Razor rendering. It even works with nested partial views and _layout pages. Partial Rendering Notice that I'm rendering a full View here. In the view I explicitly set the Layout=null to avoid pulling in _layout.cshtml for this view. This can also be controlled externally by calling the RenderPartial method instead: string message = ViewRenderer.RenderPartialView("~/views/template/ContactSellerEmail.cshtml",model, ControllerContext); with this line of code no layout page (or _viewstart) will be loaded, so the output generated is just what's in the view. I find myself using Partials most of the time when rendering templates, since the target of templates usually tend to be emails or other HTML fragment like output, so the RenderPartialView() method is definitely useful to me. Rendering without a ControllerContext The preceding class is great when you're need template rendering from within MVC controller actions or anywhere where you have access to the request Controller. But if you don't have a controller context handy - maybe inside a utility function that is static, a non-Web application, or an operation that runs asynchronously in ASP.NET - which makes using the above code impossible. I haven't found a way to manually create a Controller context to provide the ViewContext() what it needs from outside of the MVC infrastructure. However, there are ways to accomplish this,  but they are a bit more complex. It's possible to host the RazorEngine on your own, which side steps all of the MVC framework and HTTP and just deals with the raw rendering engine. I wrote about this process in Hosting the Razor Engine in Non-Web Applications a long while back. It's quite a process to create a custom Razor engine and runtime, but it allows for all sorts of flexibility. There's also a RazorEngine CodePlex project that does something similar. I've been meaning to check out the latter but haven't gotten around to it since I have my own code to do this. The trick to hosting the RazorEngine to have it behave properly inside of an ASP.NET application and properly cache content so templates aren't constantly rebuild and reparsed. Anyway, in the same app as above I have one scenario where no ControllerContext is available: I have a background scheduler running inside of the app that fires on timed intervals. This process could be external but because it's lightweight we decided to fire it right inside of the ASP.NET app on a separate thread. In my app the code that renders these templates does something like this:var model = new SearchNotificationViewModel() { Entries = entries, Notification = notification, User = user }; // TODO: Need logging for errors sending string razorError = null; var result = AppUtils.RenderRazorTemplate("~/views/template/SearchNotificationTemplate.cshtml", model, razorError); which references a couple of helper functions that set up my RazorFolderHostContainer class:public static string RenderRazorTemplate(string virtualPath, object model,string errorMessage = null) { var razor = AppUtils.CreateRazorHost(); var path = virtualPath.Replace("~/", "").Replace("~", "").Replace("/", "\\"); var merged = razor.RenderTemplateToString(path, model); if (merged == null) errorMessage = razor.ErrorMessage; return merged; } /// <summary> /// Creates a RazorStringHostContainer and starts it /// Call .Stop() when you're done with it. /// /// This is a static instance /// </summary> /// <param name="virtualPath"></param> /// <param name="binBasePath"></param> /// <param name="forceLoad"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static RazorFolderHostContainer CreateRazorHost(string binBasePath = null, bool forceLoad = false) { if (binBasePath == null) { if (HttpContext.Current != null) binBasePath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/"); else binBasePath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory; } if (_RazorHost == null || forceLoad) { if (!binBasePath.EndsWith("\\")) binBasePath += "\\"; //var razor = new RazorStringHostContainer(); var razor = new RazorFolderHostContainer(); razor.TemplatePath = binBasePath; binBasePath += "bin\\"; razor.BaseBinaryFolder = binBasePath; razor.UseAppDomain = false; razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(binBasePath + "ClassifiedsBusiness.dll"); razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(binBasePath + "ClassifiedsWeb.dll"); razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(binBasePath + "Westwind.Utilities.dll"); razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(binBasePath + "Westwind.Web.dll"); razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(binBasePath + "Westwind.Web.Mvc.dll"); razor.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.dll"); razor.ReferencedNamespaces.Add("System.Web"); razor.ReferencedNamespaces.Add("ClassifiedsBusiness"); razor.ReferencedNamespaces.Add("ClassifiedsWeb"); razor.ReferencedNamespaces.Add("Westwind.Web"); razor.ReferencedNamespaces.Add("Westwind.Utilities"); _RazorHost = razor; _RazorHost.Start(); //_RazorHost.Engine.Configuration.CompileToMemory = false; } return _RazorHost; } The RazorFolderHostContainer essentially is a full runtime that mimics a folder structure like a typical Web app does including caching semantics and compiling code only if code changes on disk. It maps a folder hierarchy to views using the ~/ path syntax. The host is then configured to add assemblies and namespaces. Unfortunately the engine is not exactly like MVC's Razor - the expression expansion and code execution are the same, but some of the support methods like sections, helpers etc. are not all there so templates have to be a bit simpler. There are other folder hosts provided as well to directly execute templates from strings (using RazorStringHostContainer). The following is an example of an HTML email template @inherits RazorHosting.RazorTemplateFolderHost <ClassifiedsWeb.SearchNotificationViewModel> <html> <head> <title>Search Notifications</title> <style> body { margin: 5px;font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-size: 10pt;} h3 { color: SteelBlue; } .entry-item { border-bottom: 1px solid grey; padding: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> Hello @Model.User.Name,<br /> <p>Below are your Search Results for the search phrase:</p> <h3>@Model.Notification.SearchPhrase</h3> <small>since @TimeUtils.ShortDateString(Model.Notification.LastSearch)</small> <hr /> You can see that the syntax is a little different. Instead of the familiar @model header the raw Razor  @inherits tag is used to specify the template base class (which you can extend). I took a quick look through the feature set of RazorEngine on CodePlex (now Github I guess) and the template implementation they use is closer to MVC's razor but there are other differences. In the end don't expect exact behavior like MVC templates if you use an external Razor rendering engine. This is not what I would consider an ideal solution, but it works well enough for this project. My biggest concern is the overhead of hosting a second razor engine in a Web app and the fact that here the differences in template rendering between 'real' MVC Razor views and another RazorEngine really are noticeable. You win some, you lose some It's extremely nice to see that if you have a ControllerContext handy (which probably addresses 99% of Web app scenarios) rendering a view to string using the native MVC Razor engine is pretty simple. Kudos on making that happen - as it solves a problem I see in just about every Web application I work on. But it is a bummer that a ControllerContext is required to make this simple code work. It'd be really sweet if there was a way to render views without being so closely coupled to the ASP.NET or MVC infrastructure that requires a ControllerContext. Alternately it'd be nice to have a way for an MVC based application to create a minimal ControllerContext from scratch - maybe somebody's been down that path. I tried for a few hours to come up with a way to make that work but gave up in the soup of nested contexts (MVC/Controller/View/Http). I suspect going down this path would be similar to hosting the ASP.NET runtime requiring a WorkerRequest. Brrr…. The sad part is that it seems to me that a View should really not require much 'context' of any kind to render output to string. Yes there are a few things that clearly are required like paths to the virtual and possibly the disk paths to the root of the app, but beyond that view rendering should not require much. But, no such luck. For now custom RazorHosting seems to be the only way to make Razor rendering go outside of the MVC context… Resources Full ViewRenderer.cs source code from Westwind.Web.Mvc library Hosting the Razor Engine for Non-Web Applications RazorEngine on GitHub© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in ASP.NET   ASP.NET  MVC   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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