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  • Euler Problem 20

    - by MarkPearl
    This was probably one of the easiest ones to complete – a quick bash got me the following… The Problem n! means n (n 1) ... 3 2 1 For example, 10! = 10 9 ... 3 2 1 = 3628800, and the sum of the digits in the number 10! is 3 + 6 + 2 + 8 + 8 + 0 + 0 = 27. Find the sum of the digits in the number 100! The Solution   private static BigInteger Factorial(int num) { if (num > 1) return (BigInteger)num * Factorial(num - 1); else return 1; } private static BigInteger SumDigits(string digits) { BigInteger result = 0; foreach (char number in digits) { result += Convert.ToInt32(number)-48; } return result; } static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(SumDigits(Factorial(100).ToString())); Console.ReadLine(); }

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  • x86 Assembly Question about outputting

    - by jdea
    My code looks like this _declspec(naked) void f(unsigned int input,unsigned int *output) { __asm{ push dword ptr[esp+4] call factorial pop ecx mov [output], eax //copy result ret } } __declspec(naked) unsigned int factorial(unsigned int n) { __asm{ push esi mov esi, dword ptr [esp+8] cmp esi, 1 jg RECURSE mov eax, 1 jmp END RECURSE: dec esi push esi call factorial pop esi inc esi mul esi END: pop esi ret } } Its a factorial function and I'm trying to output the answer after it recursively calculates the number that was passed in But what I get returned as an output is the same large number I keep getting Not sure about what is wrong with my output, by I also see this error CXX0030: Error: expression cannot be evaluated Thanks!

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  • from loop to Nested loops ?

    - by WM
    I have this program that returns a factorial of N. For example, when entering 4,,, it will give 1! , 2! , 3! How could I convert this to use nested loops? public class OneForLoop { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a number : "); int N = input.nextInt(); int factorial = 1; for(int i = 1; i < N; i++) { factorial *= i; System.out.println(i + "! = " + factorial); } } }

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  • Need help understanding a recursion example in Python

    - by Ali Mustafa
    Python is my first programming language, and I'm learning it from "How to Think Like a Computer Scientist". In Chapter 5 the author gives the following example on recursion: def factorial(n): if n == 0: return 1 else: recurse = factorial(n-1) result = n * recurse return result I understand that if n = 3, then the function will execute the second branch. But what I don't understand is what happens when the function enters the second branch. Can someone explain it to me?

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  • J: Self-reference in bubble sort tacit implementation

    - by Yasir Arsanukaev
    Hello people! Since I'm beginner in J I've decided to solve a simple task using this language, in particular implementing the bubblesort algorithm. I know it's not idiomatically to solve such kind of problem in functional languages, because it's naturally solved using array element transposition in imperative languages like C, rather than constructing modified list in declarative languages. However this is the code I've written: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # Let's apply it to an array: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 The thing that confuses me is $: referring to the statement within the outermost parentheses. Help says that: $: denotes the longest verb that contains it. The other book (~ 300 KiB) says: 3+4 7 5*20 100 Symbols like + and * for plus and times in the above phrases are called verbs and represent functions. You may have more than one verb in a J phrase, in which case it is constructed like a sentence in simple English by reading from left to right, that is 4+6%2 means 4 added to whatever follows, namely 6 divided by 2. Let's rewrite my code snippet omitting outermost ()s: ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 Reuslts are the same. I couldn't explain myself why this works, why only ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is treated as the longest verb for $: but not the whole expression ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # and not just (<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.), because if ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is a verb, it should also form another verb after conjunction with #, i. e. one might treat the whole sentence (first snippet) as a verb. Probably there's some limit for the verb length limited by one conjunction. Look at the following code (from here): factorial =: (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<) factorial 4 24 factorial within expression refers to the whole function, i. e. (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<). Following this example I've used a function name instead of $:: bubblesort =: (((<./@(2&{.)), bubblesort@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # bubblesort 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 I expected bubblesort to refer to the whole function, but it doesn't seem true for me since the result is correct. Also I'd like to see other implementations if you have ones, even slightly refactored. Thanks.

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  • Best intro to C++ static metaprogramming?

    - by jwfearn
    Static metaprogramming (aka "template metaprogramming") is a great C++ technique that allows the execution of programs at compile-time. A light bulb went off in my head as soon as I read this canonical metaprogramming example: #include <iostream> using namespace std; template< int n > struct factorial { enum { ret = factorial< n - 1 >::ret * n }; }; template<> struct factorial< 0 > { enum { ret = 1 }; }; int main() { cout << "7! = " << factorial< 7 >::ret << endl; // 5040 return 0; } If one wants to learn more about C++ static metaprogramming, what are the best sources (books, websites, on-line courseware, whatever)?

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  • User defined literal arguments are not constexpr?

    - by Pubby
    I'm testing out user defined literals. I want to make _fac return the factorial of the number. Having it call a constexpr function works, however it doesn't let me do it with templates as the compiler complains that the arguments are not and cannot be constexpr. I'm confused by this - aren't literals constant expressions? The 5 in 5_fac is always a literal that can be evaluated during compile time, so why can't I use it as such? First method: constexpr int factorial_function(int x) { return (x > 0) ? x * factorial_function(x - 1) : 1; } constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_function(x); // this works } Second method: template <int N> struct factorial { static const unsigned int value = N * factorial<N - 1>::value; }; template <> struct factorial<0> { static const unsigned int value = 1; }; constexpr int operator "" _fac(unsigned long long x) { return factorial_template<x>::value; // doesn't work - x is not a constexpr }

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  • Can continuations be used as a replacement for recursion?

    - by Sam
    The following function generates a 'stack level too deep (SystemStackError)' for n = 5,000 def factorial(n) n == 0 ? 1 : factorial(n -1) * n end Is there a way to avoid this error using continuations/callcc? Note: I know this can be implemented without recursion. e.g. def factorial2(n) (1..n).inject(1) {|result, n| result * n } end

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  • Prolog: declaring an operator

    - by B K
    I have defined ! (factorial) function and registered it as arithmetic function and an operator, so that I can execute: A is 6!. Now I'd like to define !! (factorial of odd numbers), but the same way - writing clauses, registering arithmetic_function and operator, calling A is 7!! - results in SyntaxError: Operator expected How should I, if possible, register !! operator ? Yes, I realize, ! is normally the cut.

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  • How can I access the JavaScript global object ("window") inside an embedded browser object (the IWebBrowser2 interface)?

    - by John Factorial
    I have an HTML page which embeds an IWebBrowser2 ActiveX (i.e. the control is essentially an Internet Explorer browser). I need to write JavaScript in this HTML page which will remove any window.onresize handler from the page loaded in the IWebBrowser2 control. IWebBrowser2 exposes the DOM through IWebBrowser2::Document, but this is equivalent to window.document. Is there any way I can get access to window or window.onresize?

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  • How to use DLL reference with an ActiveX <object> via JavaScript

    - by John Factorial
    My question: how can I set an ActiveX object's property via JavaScript to an enum value found in a non-ActiveX DLL? Problem description: I am instantiating an ActiveX object with the following object tag: <object classid="clsid:F338193D-2491-4D7B-80CE-03487041A278" id="VideoCapture1" width="500" height="500"></object> (This is the guid for the 3rd party ActiveX I'm using, "VisioForge_Video_Capture_4.VFVideoCapture4X") I have example C# code for using this ActiveX, which I am porting to JavaScript. Code like this works just fine: VideoCapture1.Debug_Mode = true; var devcount = VideoCapture1.Video_CaptureDevices_GetCount(); var devs = []; for (var i =0; i < devcount; ++i) { devs[devs.length] = VideoCapture1.Video_CaptureDevices_GetItem(i); } ... etc ... However, VideoCapture1 has some settings which refer to a DLL enum, like so (C# code): VideoCapture1.Mode = VisioForge_Video_Capture_4.TxVFMode.Mode_Video_Preview; I can see in Visual Web Developer that TxVFMode.Mode_Video_Preview is value 1 in the enum. However, the following JS does not appear to set the Mode properly: VideoCapture1.Mode = 1; Does anyone know how I can set VideoCapture1.Mode to the enum value found in the TxVFMode? PS: In Visual Web Developer, when I "Go to definition" on TxVFMode, I get the Guid for the enum. I thought I could create an with this Guid or instantiate a VisioForge_Video_Capture_4.TxVFMode in JS, but neither gives me a usable object.

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  • How to return array of C++ objects from a PHP extension

    - by John Factorial
    I need to have my PHP extension return an array of objects, but I can't seem to figure out how to do this. I have a Graph object written in C++. Graph.getNodes() returns a std::map<int, Node*>. Here's the code I have currently: struct node_object { zend_object std; Node *node; }; zend_class_entry *node_ce; then PHP_METHOD(Graph, getNodes) { Graph *graph; GET_GRAPH(graph, obj) // a macro I wrote to populate graph node_object* n; zval* node_zval; if (obj == NULL) { RETURN_NULL(); } if (object_init_ex(node_zval, node_ce) != SUCCESS) { RETURN_NULL(); } std::map nodes = graph-getNodes(); array_init(return_value); for (std::map::iterator i = nodes.begin(); i != nodes.end(); ++i) { php_printf("X"); n = (node_object*) zend_object_store_get_object(node_zval TSRMLS_CC); n-node = i-second; add_index_zval(return_value, i-first, node_zval); } php_printf("]"); } When i run php -r '$g = new Graph(); $g->getNodes();' I get the output XX]Segmentation fault meaning the getNodes() function loops successfully through my 2-node list, returns, then segfaults. What am I doing wrong?

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  • How can I return an object into PHP userspace from my extension?

    - by John Factorial
    I have a C++ object, Graph, which contains a property named cat of type Category. I'm exposing the Graph object to PHP in an extension I'm writing in C++. As long as the Graph's methods return primitives like boolean or long, I can use the Zend RETURN_*() macros (e.g. RETURN_TRUE(); or RETURN_LONG(123);. But how can I make Graph-getCategory(); return a Category object for the PHP code to manipulate? I'm following the tutorial over at http://devzone.zend.com/article/4486, and here's the Graph code I have so far: #include "php_getgraph.h" zend_object_handlers graph_object_handlers; struct graph_object { zend_object std; Graph *graph; }; zend_class_entry *graph_ce; #define PHP_CLASSNAME "WFGraph" ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(php_graph_one_arg, 0, 0, 1) ZEND_END_ARG_INFO() ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(php_graph_two_args, 0, 0, 2) ZEND_END_ARG_INFO() void graph_free_storage(void *object TSRMLS_DC) { graph_object *obj = (graph_object*)object; delete obj-graph; zend_hash_destroy(obj-std.properties); FREE_HASHTABLE(obj-std.properties); efree(obj); } zend_object_value graph_create_handler(zend_class_entry *type TSRMLS_DC) { zval *tmp; zend_object_value retval; graph_object *obj = (graph_object*)emalloc(sizeof(graph_object)); memset(obj, 0, sizeof(graph_object)); obj-std.ce = type; ALLOC_HASHTABLE(obj-std.properties); zend_hash_init(obj-std.properties, 0, NULL, ZVAL_PTR_DTOR, 0); zend_hash_copy(obj-std.properties, &type-default_properties, (copy_ctor_func_t)zval_add_ref, (void*)&tmp, sizeof(zval*)); retval.handle = zend_objects_store_put(obj, NULL, graph_free_storage, NULL TSRMLS_CC); retval.handlers = &graph_object_handlers; return retval; } PHP_METHOD(Graph, __construct) { char *perspectives; int perspectives_len; Graph *graph = NULL; zval *object = getThis(); if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "s", &perspectives, &perspectives_len) == FAILURE) { RETURN_NULL(); } graph = new Graph(perspectives); graph_object *obj = (graph_object*)zend_object_store_get_object(object TSRMLS_CC); obj-graph = graph; } PHP_METHOD(Graph, hasCategory) { long perspectiveId; Graph *graph; graph_object *obj = (graph_object*)zend_object_store_get_object(getThis() TSRMLS_CC); graph = obj-graph; if (graph == NULL) { RETURN_NULL(); } if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &perspectiveId) == FAILURE) { RETURN_NULL(); } RETURN_BOOL(graph-hasCategory(perspectiveId)); } PHP_METHOD(Graph, getCategory) { // what to do here? RETURN_TRUE; } function_entry php_getgraph_functions[] = { PHP_ME(Graph,__construct,NULL,ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_CTOR) PHP_ME(Graph,hasCategory,php_graph_one_arg,ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) PHP_ME(Graph,getCategory,php_graph_one_arg,ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC) { NULL, NULL, NULL } }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(getgraph) { zend_class_entry ce; INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, PHP_CLASSNAME, php_getgraph_functions); graph_ce = zend_register_internal_class(&ce TSRMLS_CC); graph_ce-create_object = graph_create_handler; memcpy(&graph_object_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(), sizeof(zend_object_handlers)); graph_object_handlers.clone_obj = NULL; return SUCCESS; } zend_module_entry getgraph_module_entry = { #if ZEND_MODULE_API_NO = 20010901 STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER, #endif PHP_GETGRAPH_EXTNAME, NULL, /* Functions */ PHP_MINIT(getgraph), NULL, /* MSHUTDOWN */ NULL, /* RINIT */ NULL, /* RSHUTDOWN */ NULL, /* MINFO */ #if ZEND_MODULE_API_NO = 20010901 PHP_GETGRAPH_EXTVER, #endif STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES }; #ifdef COMPILE_DL_GETGRAPH extern "C" { ZEND_GET_MODULE(getgraph) } #endif

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  • How would you answer Joel's sample programming questions?

    - by Khorkrak
    I recently interviewed a candidate for a new position here. I wish though that I'd read Joel's Guerrilla Guide to Interviewing prior to that interview - naturally I happened upon it the night afterwards :P http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/GuerrillaInterviewing3.html So I tried answering the easy questions myself - yeah I used the python interpreter to type stuff in and tested the results a bit - I didn't look up any solutions beforehand though and I also thought about how long it took me to come up with answers for each one and what I'd look for the next time I interview someone. I'd let them type stuff into the interpreter and see how did used python's introspection capabilities too to find out things like what's the re module's method for building a regex etc. Here are my answers - these are in python of course - what are yours in your favourite language? Do you see any issues with the answers I came up with - i.e. how could they be improved upon - what did I miss? Joel's example questions: Write a function that determines if a string starts with an upper-case letter A-Z. import re upper_regex = re.compile("^[A-Z]") def starts_with_upper(text): return upper_regex.match(text) is not None Write a function that determines the area of a circle given the radius. from math import pi def area(radius): return pi * radius**2 Add up all the values in an array. sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) Harder Question: Write an example of a recursive function - so how about the classic factorial one: def factorial(num): if num > 1: return num * factorial(num - 1) else: return 1

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  • Writing an auto-memoizer in Scheme. Help with macro and a wrapper.

    - by kunjaan
    I am facing a couple of problems while writing an auto-memoizer in Scheme. I have a working memoizer function, which creats a hash table and checks if the value is already computed. If it has been computed before then it returns the value else it calls the function. (define (memoizer fun) (let ((a-table (make-hash))) (?(n) (define false-if-fail (?() #f)) (let ((return-val (hash-ref a-table n false-if-fail))) (if return-val return-val (begin (hash-set! a-table n (fun n)) (hash-ref a-table n))))))) Now I want to create a memoize-wrapper function like this: (define (memoize-wrapper function) (set! function (memoizer function))) And hopefully create a macro called def-memo which defines the function with the memoize-wrapper. eg. the macro could expand to (memoizer (define function-name arguments body ...) or something like that. So that I should be able to do : (def-memo (factorial n) (cond ((= n 1) 1) (else (* n (factorial (- n 1)))))) which should create a memoized version of the factorial instead of the normal slow one. My problem is that the The memoize-wrapper is not working properly, it doesnt call the memoized function but the original function. I have no idea how to write a define inside of the macro. How do I make sure that I can get variable lenght arguments and variable length body? How do I then define the function and wrap it around with the memoizer? Thanks a lot.

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  • algorithm to combinatorics

    - by peiska
    I am trying to solve a combinatorics problem, it seems easy, but i am having some trouble with it. If i have at most X tables, and N persons to sit on the tables, Each table can have 1 to N seating places, and I can only sit persons in one side of a rectangular table( so the order how people sit matters). I want to make a code that can calculate all the distributions of seating places from 1 up to K tables. For example, if I have 12 persons and 1 table i have 479001600 ways of seating persons( thats easy to calculate I've used Factorial of 12). But if I have 12 persons and 3 tables i have 4390848000 ways of seating persons. I've tried different solutions but i was not able to find the correct one. I've tried to divided the 12 in 3, then o use factorial of the result (it didnt work), i've tried to use 12! * 3( it didn't work too). Can some one give me a tip in a algorithm that i can use?

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  • Opinion on "loop invariants", and are these frequently used in the industry?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    I was thinking back to my freshman year at college (five years ago) when I took an exam to place-out of intro-level computer science. There was a question about loop invariants, and I was wondering if loop invariants are really necessary in this case or if the question was simply a bad example... the question was to write an iterative definition for a factorial function, and then to prove that the function was correct. The code that I provided for the factorial function was as follows: public static int factorial(int x) { if ( x < 0 ){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter must be = 0"); }else if ( x == 0 ){ return 1; }else{ int result = 1; for ( int i = 1; i <= x; i++ ){ result*=i; } return result; } } My own proof of correctness was a proof by cases, and in each I asserted that it was correct by definition (x! is undefined for negative values, 0! is 1, and x! is 1*2*3...*x for a positive value of x). The professor wanted me to prove the loop using a loop invariant; however, my argument was that it was correct "by definition", because the definition of "x!" for a positive integer x is "the product of the integers from 1... x", and the for-loop in the else clause is simply a literal translation of this definition. Is a loop invariant really needed as a proof of correctness in this case? How complicated must a loop be before a loop invariant (and proper initialization and termination conditions) become necessary for a proof of correctness? Additionally, I was wondering... how often are such formal proofs used in the industry? I have found that about half of my courses are very theoretical and proof-heavy and about half are very implementation and coding-heavy, without any formal or theoretical material. How much do these overlap in practice? If you do use proofs in the industry, when do you apply them (always, only if it's complicated, rarely, never)?

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  • C++ Recursion Issue

    - by stupidmonkey
    Hi guys, I feel a little dumb asking this, but here we go... When trying to follow the Recursion example at the following website http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/functions2/, I ran into a road bump that has me perplexed. I altered the code slightly just to get my head around the code in the recursion example and I pretty much have my head around it, but I can't figure out why the variable 'n' increments in 'Pass B' when I have not told the program to increment 'n'. Could you please help explain this? #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; long factorial (long n) { if (n > 1) { long r(0); cout << "Pass A" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; r = n * factorial (n-1); cout << "Pass B" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; return (r); } else return (1); } int main () { long number; cout << "Please type a number: "; cin >> number; cout << number << "! = " << factorial (number) << endl; system ("pause"); return 0; }

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  • Techniques for getting off the ground in any language

    - by AndyBursh
    When I start learning a new language, I have a couple of simple implementations that I like to complete to familiarise myself with the language. Currently, I write: Fibonacci and/or factorial to get the hang of writing and calling methods, and basic recursion Djikstras shortest path (with a node type) to get to grips with making classes (or whatever the language equivalent is) with methods and properties, and also using them in slightly more complex code. I was wondering: does anybody else have any techniques or tools they like to use when getting off the ground in a new language? I'm always looking for new things to add to my "start-up routine".

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  • Why must recursion be in a separate file in hugs?

    - by Casebash
    In Haskell in 5 steps the factorial function is defined as follows: let fac n = if n == 0 then 1 else n * fac (n-1) But for hugs, it says that fac needs to be in fac.h. Can anyone explain why this is the case - missing the ability to define recursion seems like a massive limitation for an interpreter.

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  • How to fix this python program?

    - by Phenom
    import math def p(n): return 393000*((288200/393000)^n * math.exp(-(288200/393000)))/math.factorial(n) print p(3) When I run it, I get the following error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File "poisson.py", line 6, in <module> print p(3) File "poisson.py", line 4, in p return 393000*((288200/393000)^n * math.exp(-(288200/393000)))/math.factoria l(n) TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'int' and 'float'

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  • Infinite loop in haskell? (newbie)

    - by Mike
    I'm just learning Haskell. I thought this would produce a factorial function... (within ghci) Prelude let ft 0 = 1 Prelude let ft n = n * ft (n - 1) Prelude ft 5 (hangs indefinitely, until ^C). Can someone point me in the right direction? Thanks!

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