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• List of Commonly Used Value Types in XNA Games

  - by Michael B. McLaughlin

  Most XNA programmers are concerned about generating garbage. More specifically about allocating GC-managed memory (GC stands for “garbage collector” and is both the name of the class that provides access to the garbage collector and an acronym for the garbage collector (as a concept) itself). Two of the major target platforms for XNA (Windows Phone 7 and Xbox 360) use variants of the .NET Compact Framework. On both variants, the GC runs under various circumstances (Windows Phone 7 and Xbox 360). Of concern to XNA programmers is the fact that it runs automatically after a fixed amount of GC-managed memory has been allocated (currently 1MB on both systems). Many beginning XNA programmers are unaware of what constitutes GC-managed memory, though. So here’s a quick overview. In .NET, there are two different “types” of types: value types and reference types. Only reference types are managed by the garbage collector. Value types are not managed by the garbage collector and are instead managed in other ways that are implementation dependent. For purposes of XNA programming, the important point is that they are not managed by the GC and thus do not, by themselves, increment that internal 1 MB allocation counter. (n.b. Structs are value types. If you have a struct that has a reference type as a member, then that reference type, when instantiated, will still be allocated in the GC-managed memory and will thus count against the 1 MB allocation counter. Putting it in a struct doesn’t change the fact that it gets allocated on the GC heap, but the struct itself is created outside of the GC’s purview). Both value types and reference types use the keyword ‘new’ to allocate a new instance of them. Sometimes this keyword is hidden by a method which creates new instances for you, e.g. XmlReader.Create. But the important thing to determine is whether or not you are dealing with a value types or a reference type. If it’s a value type, you can use the ‘new’ keyword to allocate new instances of that type without incrementing the GC allocation counter (except as above where it’s a struct with a reference type in it that is allocated by the constructor, but there are no .NET Framework or XNA Framework value types that do this so it would have to be a struct you created or that was in some third-party library you were using for that to even become an issue). The following is a list of most all of value types you are likely to use in a generic XNA game: AudioCategory (used with XACT; not available on WP7) AvatarExpression (Xbox 360 only, but exposed on Windows to ease Xbox development) bool BoundingBox BoundingSphere byte char Color DateTime decimal double any enum (System.Enum itself is a class, but all enums are value types such that there are no GC allocations for enums) float GamePadButtons GamePadCapabilities GamePadDPad GamePadState GamePadThumbSticks GamePadTriggers GestureSample int IntPtr (rarely but occasionally used in XNA) KeyboardState long Matrix MouseState nullable structs (anytime you see, e.g. int? something, that ‘?’ denotes a nullable struct, also called a nullable type) Plane Point Quaternion Ray Rectangle RenderTargetBinding sbyte (though I’ve never seen it used since most people would just use a short) short TimeSpan TouchCollection TouchLocation TouchPanelCapabilities uint ulong ushort Vector2 Vector3 Vector4 VertexBufferBinding VertexElement VertexPositionColor VertexPositionColorTexture VertexPositionNormalTexture VertexPositionTexture Viewport So there you have it. That’s not quite a complete list, mind you. For example: There are various structs in the .NET framework you might make use of. I left out everything from the Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.PackedVector namespace, since everything in there ventures into the realm of advanced XNA programming anyway (n.b. every single instantiable thing in that namespace is a struct and thus a value type; there are also two interfaces but interfaces cannot be instantiated at all and thus don’t figure in to this discussion). There are so many enums you’re likely to use (PlayerIndex, SpriteSortMode, SpriteEffects, SurfaceFormat, etc.) that including them would’ve flooded the list and reduced its utility. So I went with “any enum” and trust that you can figure out what the enums are (and it’s rare to use ‘new’ with an enum anyway). That list also doesn’t include any of the pre-defined static instances of some of the classes (e.g. BlendState.AlphaBlend, BlendState.Opaque, etc.) which are already allocated such that using them doesn’t cause any new allocations and therefore doesn’t increase that 1 MB counter. That list also has a few misleading things. VertexElement, VertexPositionColor, and all the other vertex types are structs. But you’re only likely to ever use them as an array (for use with VertexBuffer or DynamicVertexBuffer), and all arrays are reference types (even arrays of value types such as VertexPositionColor[ ] or int[ ]). * So that’s it for now. The note below may be a bit confusing (it deals with how the GC works and how arrays are managed in .NET). If so, you can probably safely ignore it for now but feel free to ask any questions regardless. * Arrays of value types (where the value type doesn’t contain any reference type members) are much faster for the GC to examine than arrays of reference types, so there is a definite benefit to using arrays of value types where it makes sense. But creating arrays of value types does cause the GC’s allocation counter to increase. Indeed, allocating a large array of a value type is one of the quickest ways to increment the allocation counter since a .NET array is a sequential block of memory. An array of reference types is just a sequential block of references (typically 4 bytes each) while an array of value types is a sequential block of instances of that type. So for an array of Vector3s it would be 12 bytes each since each float is 4 bytes and there are 3 in a Vector3; for an array of VertexPositionNormalTexture structs it would typically be 32 bytes each since it has two Vector3s and a Vector2. (Note that there are a few additional bytes taken up in the creation of an array, typically 12 but sometimes 16 or possibly even more, which depend on the implementation details of the array type on the particular platform the code is running on).

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• Opening a file opens the folder the file is in, not the file itself

  - by Pepe Lebuntu

  Whenever I try to open a file (such as an .odt, or .doc) from say, the Dash or the Firefox Downloads, Ubuntu 11.10 opens Nautilus to the the folder where the file is, rather than just going to the application and loading the file straight away. In previous releases, when I clicked on a downloaded file, it just went straight to LibreOffice, and it was fine. This is adding a superfluous step in the process. How do I associate the correct extensions?

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• Check to see if file transfer is complete

  - by Cymon

  We have a daily job that processes files delivered from an external source. The process usually runs fine without any issues but every once in a while we have an issue of attempting to process a file that is not completely transferred. The external source SCPs these files from a UNIX server to our Windows server. From there we try to process the files. Is there a way to check to see if a file is still being transferred? Does UNIX put a lock on a file while SCPing it that we could check on the Windows side?

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• PHP File Downloading Questions

  - by nsearle

  Hey All! I am currently running into some problems with user's downloading a file stored on my server. I have code set up to auto download a file once the user hits the download button. It is working for all files, but when the size get's larger than 30 MB it is having issues. Is there a limit on user download? Also, I have supplied my example code and am wondering if there is a better practice than using the PHP function 'file_get_contents'. Thank You all for the help! $path = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '../path/to/file/'; $filename = 'filename.zip'; $filesize = filesize($path . $filename); @header("Content-type: application/zip"); @header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$filename"); @header("Content-Length: $filesize") echo file_get_contents($path . $filename);

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• Using Multiple File Handles for Single File

  - by Ryan Rosario

  I have an O(n^2) operation that requires me to read line i from a file, and then compare line i to every line in the file. This repeats for all i. I wrote the following code to do this with 2 file handles, but it does not yield the result I am looking for. I imagine this is a simple error on my part. IN1 = open("myfile.dat","r") IN2 = open("myfile.dat","r") for line1 in IN1: for line2 in IN2: print line1.strip(), line2.strip() IN1.close() IN2.close() The result: Hello Hello Hello World Hello This Hello is Hello an Hello Example Hello of Hello Using Hello Two Hello File Hello Pointers Hello to Hello Read Hello One Hello File The output should contain 15^2 lines.

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• Upload File to Windows Azure Blob in Chunks through ASP.NET MVC, JavaScript and HTML5

  - by Shaun

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/shaunxu/archive/2013/07/01/upload-file-to-windows-azure-blob-in-chunks-through-asp.net.aspxMany people are using Windows Azure Blob Storage to store their data in the cloud. Blob storage provides 99.9% availability with easy-to-use API through .NET SDK and HTTP REST. For example, we can store JavaScript files, images, documents in blob storage when we are building an ASP.NET web application on a Web Role in Windows Azure. Or we can store our VHD files in blob and mount it as a hard drive in our cloud service. If you are familiar with Windows Azure, you should know that there are two kinds of blob: page blob and block blob. The page blob is optimized for random read and write, which is very useful when you need to store VHD files. The block blob is optimized for sequential/chunk read and write, which has more common usage. Since we can upload block blob in blocks through BlockBlob.PutBlock, and them commit them as a whole blob with invoking the BlockBlob.PutBlockList, it is very powerful to upload large files, as we can upload blocks in parallel, and provide pause-resume feature. There are many documents, articles and blog posts described on how to upload a block blob. Most of them are focus on the server side, which means when you had received a big file, stream or binaries, how to upload them into blob storage in blocks through .NET SDK.  But the problem is, how can we upload these large files from client side, for example, a browser. This questioned to me when I was working with a Chinese customer to help them build a network disk production on top of azure. The end users upload their files from the web portal, and then the files will be stored in blob storage from the Web Role. My goal is to find the best way to transform the file from client (end user’s machine) to the server (Web Role) through browser. In this post I will demonstrate and describe what I had done, to upload large file in chunks with high speed, and save them as blocks into Windows Azure Blob Storage.   Traditional Upload, Works with Limitation The simplest way to implement this requirement is to create a web page with a form that contains a file input element and a submit button. 1: @using (Html.BeginForm("About", "Index", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" })) 2: { 3: <input type="file" name="file" /> 4: <input type="submit" value="upload" /> 5: } And then in the backend controller, we retrieve the whole content of this file and upload it in to the blob storage through .NET SDK. We can split the file in blocks and upload them in parallel and commit. The code had been well blogged in the community. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public ActionResult About(HttpPostedFileBase file) 3: { 4: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 5: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 6: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(file.FileName); 7: var blockDataList = new Dictionary<string, byte[]>(); 8: using (var stream = file.InputStream) 9: { 10: var blockSizeInKB = 1024; 11: var offset = 0; 12: var index = 0; 13: while (offset < stream.Length) 14: { 15: var readLength = Math.Min(1024 * blockSizeInKB, (int)stream.Length - offset); 16: var blockData = new byte[readLength]; 17: offset += stream.Read(blockData, 0, readLength); 18: blockDataList.Add(Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)), blockData); 19:  20: index++; 21: } 22: } 23:  24: Parallel.ForEach(blockDataList, (bi) => 25: { 26: blob.PutBlock(bi.Key, new MemoryStream(bi.Value), null); 27: }); 28: blob.PutBlockList(blockDataList.Select(b => b.Key).ToArray()); 29:  30: return RedirectToAction("About"); 31: } This works perfect if we selected an image, a music or a small video to upload. But if I selected a large file, let’s say a 6GB HD-movie, after upload for about few minutes the page will be shown as below and the upload will be terminated. In ASP.NET there is a limitation of request length and the maximized request length is defined in the web.config file. It’s a number which less than about 4GB. So if we want to upload a really big file, we cannot simply implement in this way. Also, in Windows Azure, a cloud service network load balancer will terminate the connection if exceed the timeout period. From my test the timeout looks like 2 - 3 minutes. Hence, when we need to upload a large file we cannot just use the basic HTML elements. Besides the limitation mentioned above, the simple HTML file upload cannot provide rich upload experience such as chunk upload, pause and pause-resume. So we need to find a better way to upload large file from the client to the server.   Upload in Chunks through HTML5 and JavaScript In order to break those limitation mentioned above we will try to upload the large file in chunks. This takes some benefit to us such as - No request size limitation: Since we upload in chunks, we can define the request size for each chunks regardless how big the entire file is. - No timeout problem: The size of chunks are controlled by us, which means we should be able to make sure request for each chunk upload will not exceed the timeout period of both ASP.NET and Windows Azure load balancer. It was a big challenge to upload big file in chunks until we have HTML5. There are some new features and improvements introduced in HTML5 and we will use them to implement our solution.   In HTML5, the File interface had been improved with a new method called “slice”. It can be used to read part of the file by specifying the start byte index and the end byte index. For example if the entire file was 1024 bytes, file.slice(512, 768) will read the part of this file from the 512nd byte to 768th byte, and return a new object of interface called "Blob”, which you can treat as an array of bytes. In fact,  a Blob object represents a file-like object of immutable, raw data. The File interface is based on Blob, inheriting blob functionality and expanding it to support files on the user's system. For more information about the Blob please refer here. File and Blob is very useful to implement the chunk upload. We will use File interface to represent the file the user selected from the browser and then use File.slice to read the file in chunks in the size we wanted. For example, if we wanted to upload a 10MB file with 512KB chunks, then we can read it in 512KB blobs by using File.slice in a loop.   Assuming we have a web page as below. User can select a file, an input box to specify the block size in KB and a button to start upload. 1: <div> 2: <input type="file" id="upload_files" name="files[]" /><br /> 3: Block Size: <input type="number" id="block_size" value="512" name="block_size" />KB<br /> 4: <input type="button" id="upload_button_blob" name="upload" value="upload (blob)" /> 5: </div> Then we can have the JavaScript function to upload the file in chunks when user clicked the button. 1: <script type="text/javascript"> 1: 2: $(function () { 3: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 4: }); 5: });</script> Firstly we need to ensure the client browser supports the interfaces we are going to use. Just try to invoke the File, Blob and FormData from the “window” object. If any of them is “undefined” the condition result will be “false” which means your browser doesn’t support these premium feature and it’s time for you to get your browser updated. FormData is another new feature we are going to use in the future. It could generate a temporary form for us. We will use this interface to create a form with chunk and associated metadata when invoked the service through ajax. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: if (window.File && window.Blob && window.FormData) { 4: alert("Your brwoser is awesome, let's rock!"); 5: } 6: else { 7: alert("Oh man plz update to a modern browser before try is cool stuff out."); 8: return; 9: } 10: }); Each browser supports these interfaces by their own implementation and currently the Blob, File and File.slice are supported by Chrome 21, FireFox 13, IE 10, Opera 12 and Safari 5.1 or higher. After that we worked on the files the user selected one by one since in HTML5, user can select multiple files in one file input box. 1: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 2: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 3: var file = files[i]; 4: var fileSize = file.size; 5: var fileName = file.name; 6: } Next, we calculated the start index and end index for each chunks based on the size the user specified from the browser. We put them into an array with the file name and the index, which will be used when we upload chunks into Windows Azure Blob Storage as blocks since we need to specify the target blob name and the block index. At the same time we will store the list of all indexes into another variant which will be used to commit blocks into blob in Azure Storage once all chunks had been uploaded successfully. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10:  11: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 12: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 13: var blockSizeInKB = $("#block_size").val(); 14: var blockSize = blockSizeInKB * 1024; 15: var blocks = []; 16: var offset = 0; 17: var index = 0; 18: var list = ""; 19: while (offset < fileSize) { 20: var start = offset; 21: var end = Math.min(offset + blockSize, fileSize); 22:  23: blocks.push({ 24: name: fileName, 25: index: index, 26: start: start, 27: end: end 28: }); 29: list += index + ","; 30:  31: offset = end; 32: index++; 33: } 34: } 35: }); Now we have all chunks’ information ready. The next step should be upload them one by one to the server side, and at the server side when received a chunk it will upload as a block into Blob Storage, and finally commit them with the index list through BlockBlobClient.PutBlockList. But since all these invokes are ajax calling, which means not synchronized call. So we need to introduce a new JavaScript library to help us coordinate the asynchronize operation, which named “async.js”. You can download this JavaScript library here, and you can find the document here. I will not explain this library too much in this post. We will put all procedures we want to execute as a function array, and pass into the proper function defined in async.js to let it help us to control the execution sequence, in series or in parallel. Hence we will define an array and put the function for chunk upload into this array. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4:  5: // start to upload each files in chunks 6: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 7: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 8: var file = files[i]; 9: var fileSize = file.size; 10: var fileName = file.name; 11: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 12: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 13: ... ... 14:  15: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 16: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 17: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 18: }); 19: }); 20: } 21: }); 22: }); As you can see, I used File.slice method to read each chunks based on the start and end byte index we calculated previously, and constructed a temporary HTML form with the file name, chunk index and chunk data through another new feature in HTML5 named FormData. Then post this form to the backend server through jQuery.ajax. This is the key part of our solution. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 15: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 16: // load blob based on the start and end index for each chunks 17: var blob = file.slice(block.start, block.end); 18: // put the file name, index and blob into a temporary from 19: var fd = new FormData(); 20: fd.append("name", block.name); 21: fd.append("index", block.index); 22: fd.append("file", blob); 23: // post the form to backend service (asp.net mvc controller action) 24: $.ajax({ 25: url: "/Home/UploadInFormData", 26: data: fd, 27: processData: false, 28: contentType: "multipart/form-data", 29: type: "POST", 30: success: function (result) { 31: if (!result.success) { 32: alert(result.error); 33: } 34: callback(null, block.index); 35: } 36: }); 37: }); 38: }); 39: } 40: }); Then we will invoke these functions one by one by using the async.js. And once all functions had been executed successfully I invoked another ajax call to the backend service to commit all these chunks (blocks) as the blob in Windows Azure Storage. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.series(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: }); That’s all in the client side. The outline of our logic would be - Calculate the start and end byte index for each chunks based on the block size. - Defined the functions of reading the chunk form file and upload the content to the backend service through ajax. - Execute the functions defined in previous step with “async.js”. - Commit the chunks by invoking the backend service in Windows Azure Storage finally.   Save Chunks as Blocks into Blob Storage In above we finished the client size JavaScript code. It uploaded the file in chunks to the backend service which we are going to implement in this step. We will use ASP.NET MVC as our backend service, and it will receive the chunks, upload into Windows Azure Bob Storage in blocks, then finally commit as one blob. As in the client side we uploaded chunks by invoking the ajax call to the URL "/Home/UploadInFormData", I created a new action under the Index controller and it only accepts HTTP POST request. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: } 8: catch (Exception e) 9: { 10: error = e.ToString(); 11: } 12:  13: return new JsonResult() 14: { 15: Data = new 16: { 17: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 18: error = error 19: } 20: }; 21: } Then I retrieved the file name, index and the chunk content from the Request.Form object, which was passed from our client side. And then, used the Windows Azure SDK to create a blob container (in this case we will use the container named “test”.) and create a blob reference with the blob name (same as the file name). Then uploaded the chunk as a block of this blob with the index, since in Blob Storage each block must have an index (ID) associated with so that finally we can put all blocks as one blob by specifying their block ID list. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 8: var index = int.Parse(Request.Form["index"]); 9: var file = Request.Files[0]; 10: var id = Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)); 11:  12: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 13: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 14: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 15: blob.PutBlock(id, file.InputStream, null); 16: } 17: catch (Exception e) 18: { 19: error = e.ToString(); 20: } 21:  22: return new JsonResult() 23: { 24: Data = new 25: { 26: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 27: error = error 28: } 29: }; 30: } Next, I created another action to commit the blocks into blob once all chunks had been uploaded. Similarly, I retrieved the blob name from the Request.Form. I also retrieved the chunks ID list, which is the block ID list from the Request.Form in a string format, split them as a list, then invoked the BlockBlob.PutBlockList method. After that our blob will be shown in the container and ready to be download. 1: [HttpPost] 2: public JsonResult Commit() 3: { 4: var error = string.Empty; 5: try 6: { 7: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 8: var list = Request.Form["list"]; 9: var ids = list 10: .Split(',') 11: .Where(id => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id)) 12: .Select(id => Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(int.Parse(id)))) 13: .ToArray(); 14:  15: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 16: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 17: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 18: blob.PutBlockList(ids); 19: } 20: catch (Exception e) 21: { 22: error = e.ToString(); 23: } 24:  25: return new JsonResult() 26: { 27: Data = new 28: { 29: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 30: error = error 31: } 32: }; 33: } Now we finished all code we need. The whole process of uploading would be like this below. Below is the full client side JavaScript code. 1: <script type="text/javascript" src="~/Scripts/async.js"></script> 2: <script type="text/javascript"> 3: $(function () { 4: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 5: // assert the browser support html5 6: if (window.File && window.Blob && window.FormData) { 7: alert("Your brwoser is awesome, let's rock!"); 8: } 9: else { 10: alert("Oh man plz update to a modern browser before try is cool stuff out."); 11: return; 12: } 13:  14: // start to upload each files in chunks 15: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 16: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 17: var file = files[i]; 18: var fileSize = file.size; 19: var fileName = file.name; 20:  21: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 22: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 23: var blockSizeInKB = $("#block_size").val(); 24: var blockSize = blockSizeInKB * 1024; 25: var blocks = []; 26: var offset = 0; 27: var index = 0; 28: var list = ""; 29: while (offset < fileSize) { 30: var start = offset; 31: var end = Math.min(offset + blockSize, fileSize); 32:  33: blocks.push({ 34: name: fileName, 35: index: index, 36: start: start, 37: end: end 38: }); 39: list += index + ","; 40:  41: offset = end; 42: index++; 43: } 44:  45: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 46: var putBlocks = []; 47: blocks.forEach(function (block) { 48: putBlocks.push(function (callback) { 49: // load blob based on the start and end index for each chunks 50: var blob = file.slice(block.start, block.end); 51: // put the file name, index and blob into a temporary from 52: var fd = new FormData(); 53: fd.append("name", block.name); 54: fd.append("index", block.index); 55: fd.append("file", blob); 56: // post the form to backend service (asp.net mvc controller action) 57: $.ajax({ 58: url: "/Home/UploadInFormData", 59: data: fd, 60: processData: false, 61: contentType: "multipart/form-data", 62: type: "POST", 63: success: function (result) { 64: if (!result.success) { 65: alert(result.error); 66: } 67: callback(null, block.index); 68: } 69: }); 70: }); 71: }); 72:  73: // invoke the functions one by one 74: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 75: async.series(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 76: var data = { 77: name: fileName, 78: list: list 79: }; 80: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 81: if (!result.success) { 82: alert(result.error); 83: } 84: else { 85: alert("done!"); 86: } 87: }); 88: }); 89: } 90: }); 91: }); 92: </script> And below is the full ASP.NET MVC controller code. 1: public class HomeController : Controller 2: { 3: private CloudStorageAccount _account; 4: private CloudBlobClient _client; 5:  6: public HomeController() 7: : base() 8: { 9: _account = CloudStorageAccount.Parse(CloudConfigurationManager.GetSetting("DataConnectionString")); 10: _client = _account.CreateCloudBlobClient(); 11: } 12:  13: public ActionResult Index() 14: { 15: ViewBag.Message = "Modify this template to jump-start your ASP.NET MVC application."; 16:  17: return View(); 18: } 19:  20: [HttpPost] 21: public JsonResult UploadInFormData() 22: { 23: var error = string.Empty; 24: try 25: { 26: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 27: var index = int.Parse(Request.Form["index"]); 28: var file = Request.Files[0]; 29: var id = Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(index)); 30:  31: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 32: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 33: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 34: blob.PutBlock(id, file.InputStream, null); 35: } 36: catch (Exception e) 37: { 38: error = e.ToString(); 39: } 40:  41: return new JsonResult() 42: { 43: Data = new 44: { 45: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 46: error = error 47: } 48: }; 49: } 50:  51: [HttpPost] 52: public JsonResult Commit() 53: { 54: var error = string.Empty; 55: try 56: { 57: var name = Request.Form["name"]; 58: var list = Request.Form["list"]; 59: var ids = list 60: .Split(',') 61: .Where(id => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id)) 62: .Select(id => Convert.ToBase64String(BitConverter.GetBytes(int.Parse(id)))) 63: .ToArray(); 64:  65: var container = _client.GetContainerReference("test"); 66: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 67: var blob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(name); 68: blob.PutBlockList(ids); 69: } 70: catch (Exception e) 71: { 72: error = e.ToString(); 73: } 74:  75: return new JsonResult() 76: { 77: Data = new 78: { 79: success = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error), 80: error = error 81: } 82: }; 83: } 84: } And if we selected a file from the browser we will see our application will upload chunks in the size we specified to the server through ajax call in background, and then commit all chunks in one blob. Then we can find the blob in our Windows Azure Blob Storage.   Optimized by Parallel Upload In previous example we just uploaded our file in chunks. This solved the problem that ASP.NET MVC request content size limitation as well as the Windows Azure load balancer timeout. But it might introduce the performance problem since we uploaded chunks in sequence. In order to improve the upload performance we could modify our client side code a bit to make the upload operation invoked in parallel. The good news is that, “async.js” library provides the parallel execution function. If you remembered the code we invoke the service to upload chunks, it utilized “async.series” which means all functions will be executed in sequence. Now we will change this code to “async.parallel”. This will invoke all functions in parallel. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.parallel(putBlocks, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: }); In this way all chunks will be uploaded to the server side at the same time to maximize the bandwidth usage. This should work if the file was not very large and the chunk size was not very small. But for large file this might introduce another problem that too many ajax calls are sent to the server at the same time. So the best solution should be, upload the chunks in parallel with maximum concurrency limitation. The code below specified the concurrency limitation to 4, which means at the most only 4 ajax calls could be invoked at the same time. 1: $("#upload_button_blob").click(function () { 2: // assert the browser support html5 3: ... ... 4: // start to upload each files in chunks 5: var files = $("#upload_files")[0].files; 6: for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 7: var file = files[i]; 8: var fileSize = file.size; 9: var fileName = file.name; 10: // calculate the start and end byte index for each blocks(chunks) 11: // with the index, file name and index list for future using 12: ... ... 13: // define the function array and push all chunk upload operation into this array 14: ... ... 15: // invoke the functions one by one 16: // then invoke the commit ajax call to put blocks into blob in azure storage 17: async.parallelLimit(putBlocks, 4, function (error, result) { 18: var data = { 19: name: fileName, 20: list: list 21: }; 22: $.post("/Home/Commit", data, function (result) { 23: if (!result.success) { 24: alert(result.error); 25: } 26: else { 27: alert("done!"); 28: } 29: }); 30: }); 31: } 32: });   Summary In this post we discussed how to upload files in chunks to the backend service and then upload them into Windows Azure Blob Storage in blocks. We focused on the frontend side and leverage three new feature introduced in HTML 5 which are - File.slice: Read part of the file by specifying the start and end byte index. - Blob: File-like interface which contains the part of the file content. - FormData: Temporary form element that we can pass the chunk alone with some metadata to the backend service. Then we discussed the performance consideration of chunk uploading. Sequence upload cannot provide maximized upload speed, but the unlimited parallel upload might crash the browser and server if too many chunks. So we finally came up with the solution to upload chunks in parallel with the concurrency limitation. We also demonstrated how to utilize “async.js” JavaScript library to help us control the asynchronize call and the parallel limitation.   Regarding the chunk size and the parallel limitation value there is no “best” value. You need to test vary composition and find out the best one for your particular scenario. It depends on the local bandwidth, client machine cores and the server side (Windows Azure Cloud Service Virtual Machine) cores, memory and bandwidth. Below is one of my performance test result. The client machine was Windows 8 IE 10 with 4 cores. I was using Microsoft Cooperation Network. The web site was hosted on Windows Azure China North data center (in Beijing) with one small web role (1.7GB 1 core CPU, 1.75GB memory with 100Mbps bandwidth). The test cases were - Chunk size: 512KB, 1MB, 2MB, 4MB. - Upload Mode: Sequence, parallel (unlimited), parallel with limit (4 threads, 8 threads). - Chunk Format: base64 string, binaries. - Target file: 100MB. - Each case was tested 3 times. Below is the test result chart. Some thoughts, but not guidance or best practice: - Parallel gets better performance than series. - No significant performance improvement between parallel 4 threads and 8 threads. - Transform with binaries provides better performance than base64. - In all cases, chunk size in 1MB - 2MB gets better performance.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• Where are value types defined in a reference type stored (heap or stack) ?

  - by Hemanshu Bhojak

  Are the value types defined inside a reference type stored on the heap or on the stack? If stored on the heap, then when are value types stored on the stack? If stored on the stack, then what goes inside the heap as everything ends at a value type in the end?

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• PHP File Upload second file does not upload, first file does without error

  - by Curtis

  So I have a script I have been using and it generally works well with multiple files... When I upload a very large file in a multiple file upload, only the first file is uploaded. I am not seeing an errors as to why. I figure this is related to a timeout setting but can not figure it out - Any ideas? I have foloowing set in my htaccess file php_value post_max_size 1024M php_value upload_max_filesize 1024M php_value memory_limit 600M php_value output_buffering on php_value max_execution_time 259200 php_value max_input_time 259200 php_value session.cookie_lifetime 0 php_value session.gc_maxlifetime 259200 php_value default_socket_timeout 259200

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• scp No such file or directory

  - by Joe

  I've a confusing question for which superuser doesn't seem to have a good answer, and neither google. I'm trying to scp a file from a remote server to my local machine. The command is this scp user@server:/path/to/source/file.gz /path/to/destination The error I get is: scp: /path/to/source/file.gz: No such file or directory user is my username on the server. The command syntax appears fine to me. ssh works fine and I can cd to the file and it doesn't seem to be an access control issue? Thanks; Edit: Thank you John. I spotted the issue. ls returned this: -r--r--r-- 1 nobody users 168967171 Mar 10 2009 /path/to/source/file.gz So, the file was on a read-only file system and user is able to read it but not scp. I just copied the file to a different directory and chown it and worked fine. It would be good if someone can explain why this is the case though.

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• Writing cross-platforms Types, Interfaces and Classes/Methods in C++

  - by user827992

  I'm looking for the best solution to write cross-platform software, aka code that I write and that I have to interface with different libraries and platforms each time. What I consider the easiest part, correct me if I'm wrong, is the definition of new types, all I have to do is to write an hpp file with a list of typedefs, I can keep the same names for each new type across the different platforms so my codebase can be shared without any problem. typedefs also helps me to redefine a better scope for my types in my code. I will probably end up having something like this: include |-windows | |-types.hpp |-linux | |-types.hpp |-mac |-types.hpp For the interfaces I'm thinking about the same solution used for the types, a series of hpp files, probably I will write all the interfaces only once since they rely on the types and all "cross-platform portability" is ensured by the work done on the types. include | |-interfaces.hpp | |-windows | |-types.hpp |-linux | |-types.hpp |-mac | |-types.hpp For classes and methods I do not have a real answer, I would like to avoid 2 things: the explicit use of pointers the use of templates I want to avoid the use of the pointers because they can make the code less readable for someone and I want to avoid templates just because if I write them, I can't separate the interface from the definition. What is the best option to hide the use of the pointers? I would also like some words about macros and how to implement some OS-specifics calls and definitions.

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• MooseX::Types declaration issue, tight test case :)

  - by TJ Thompson

  So after an embarrassing amount of time debugging, I've finally stripped this issue ([http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4621589/perl-moose-typedecorator-error-how-do-i-debug][1]) down to a simple test case. I would humbly request some help understanding why it's failing :) Here is the error message I'm getting: plxc16479 $h2/tmp/tmp18.pl This method [new] requires a single argument. at /nfs/pdx/disks/nehalem.pde.077/perl/5.12.2/lib64/site_perl/MooseX/Types/TypeDecorator.pm line 91 MooseX::Types::TypeDecorator::new('MooseX::Types::TypeDecorator=HASH(0x655b90)') called at /nfs/pdx/disks/nehalem.pde.077/projects/lib/Program-Plist-Pl/lib/Program/Plist/Pl.pm line 10 Program::Plist::Pl::BUILD('Program::Plist::Pl=HASH(0x63d478)', 'HASH(0x63d220)') called at generated method (unknown origin) line 29 Program::Plist::Pl::new('Program::Plist::Pl') called at /nfs/pdx/disks/nehalem.pde.077/tmp/tmp18.pl line 10 Wrapper test script: use strict; use warnings; BEGIN {push(@INC, split(':', $ENV{PERL_TEST_LIBS}))}; use Program::Plist::Pl; my $obj = Program::Plist::Pl->new(); Program::Plist::Pl file: package Program::Plist::Pl; use Moose; use namespace::autoclean; use Program::Types qw(Pattern); # <-- Removing this fixes error use Program::Plist::Pl::Pattern; sub BUILD { my $pattern_obj = Program::Plist::Pl::Pattern->new(); } __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable; 1; Program::Types file: package Program::Types; use MooseX::Types -declare => [qw(Pattern)]; class_type Pattern, {class => 'Program::Plist::Pl::Pattern'}; 1; And the Program::Plist::Pl::Pattern file: package Program::Plist::Pl::Pattern; use Moose; use namespace::autoclean; __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable; 1; Notes: While I don't need the Pattern type from Program::Types in the above code, I do in other code that is stripped out. The PERL_TEST_LIBS env var I'm pulling INC paths from only contains paths to the project modules. There are no other modules loaded from these paths. It appears the MooseX::Types definition for Pattern is causing problems, but I'm not sure why. Documentation shows the syntax I am using, but it's possible I'm misusing class_type as there isn't much said about it. Intent is to be able to use Pattern for type checking via MooseX::Params::Validate to verify the argument is a 'Program::Plist::Pl::Program' object. I've found that removing the intervening class Program::Plist::Pl from the equation by directly calling Pattern-new from the tmp18.pl wrapper results in no error, even when the Program::Types Pattern type is imported.

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• Associating File Types with AutoVue Desktop Deployment

  - by [email protected]

  Windows users take for granted that when they double click on a document or design, that it will open up in its application automatically. One of the questions I'm commonly asked is "How can I get the same behavior with AutoVue Desktop Deployment?". It's pretty easy, but there are a few tricks to doing it. Step 1: Download new jvue_direct.bat and icon The first thing you'll need to do is download a slightly modified version of jvue_direct.bat. You can find it here (Document 1075784.1) on Oracle's Support Portal. You also want to download the AV.ico file. This is the icon that will be used for all file types associated with AutoVue. Place both of these files in your <AutoVueInstallDirectory>\bin directory. Step 2: Associate File Types With AutoVue There are two ways to do this. You can do this through the Windows user interface, or you can set up a batch file to do this. Associating File Types Through Windows The way most people associate file types to an application is using the Windows user interface. You've probably tried to open a file type that Windows doesn't recognize and seen this window pop up: Although you can use this dialog to associate that file type with AutoVue, I don't recommend it. I much prefer using a batch file to associate file types with AutoVue. Associating File Types Using A Batch File There are a few good reasons to associate file types using a batch file instead of using the pop-up dialog method: If you have several file types to associate with AutoVue, it's much easier to use a batch file to do them all at once. Doing it through the Windows user interface requires having files of each type available. Using a batch file doesn't require having the files you're associating. Associating file types through the dialog may work well for one person, but what if you're an administrator doing an enterprise wide deployment of AutoVue Desktop Deployment for several hundred users? You don't want to do this manually for each user. You can have one simple batch file that's run on each user's PC to set up all the file types. You can easily associate an icon with the file types you're opening with AutoVue. To use the batch file method follow these steps: Create a file called filetype.bat using a text editor and copy and paste the following into it: @assoc .dwg=AVFile @assoc .jpg=AVFile @assoc .doc=AVFile @ftype AVFile="%~dp0jvue_direct.bat" "%%1" @reg add HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\AVFile\DefaultIcon /v "" /f /d "%~dp0AV.ico" Change the lines starting with @assoc. Each of these lines associates a file extension with AutoVue. You can have as many @assoc lines as you want. Save this file in your <AutoVueInstallDirectory>\bin directory. Double click this file, or run it from a command prompt. Restart Windows to get the icons to show up. How Does This Work? The first three lines are creating a file type called AVFile. We are associating the extensions .dwg, .jpg, and .doc with this file type. You will want to change these lines when creating your own batch file. For example, to associate Microstation designs, which have extension .dgn, you should delete the @assoc lines above and add the line: @assoc .dgn=AVfile The line beginning with @ftype tells Windows that all AVFile type files should be opened using AutoVue Desktop Deployment. The final line associates the AutoVue icon with these file types. You may need to restart Windows to see the new icons. Warning: One Size Doesn't Fit All When deciding which file types should be associated with AutoVue, remember that there are different types of users using it. Your engineers may be pretty surprised to find that after installing AutoVue, double clicking their .dwg file opens up AutoVue instead of AutoCAD. If you have more than one type of AutoVue user, make sure you've considered what file types each user group will and will not want to be associated with AutoVue. If necessary, create a separate file association batch file for each user type. So that's it. In two simple steps you can double click your favorite designs and have them open automatically in AutoVue Desktop Deployment. I'd love to hear how are you using AutoVue Desktop Deployment. What other deployment tips would you be interested in learning about?

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Joy of Anonymous Types

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. In the .NET 3 Framework, Microsoft introduced the concept of anonymous types, which provide a way to create a quick, compiler-generated types at the point of instantiation.  These may seem trivial, but are very handy for concisely creating lightweight, strongly-typed objects containing only read-only properties that can be used within a given scope. Creating an Anonymous Type In short, an anonymous type is a reference type that derives directly from object and is defined by its set of properties base on their names, number, types, and order given at initialization.  In addition to just holding these properties, it is also given appropriate overridden implementations for Equals() and GetHashCode() that take into account all of the properties to correctly perform property comparisons and hashing.  Also overridden is an implementation of ToString() which makes it easy to display the contents of an anonymous type instance in a fairly concise manner. To construct an anonymous type instance, you use basically the same initialization syntax as with a regular type.  So, for example, if we wanted to create an anonymous type to represent a particular point, we could do this: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 7 }; Note the similarity between anonymous type initialization and regular initialization.  The main difference is that the compiler generates the type name and the properties (as readonly) based on the names and order provided, and inferring their types from the expressions they are assigned to. It is key to remember that all of those factors (number, names, types, order of properties) determine the anonymous type.  This is important, because while these two instances share the same anonymous type: 1: // same names, types, and order 2: var point1 = new { X = 13, Y = 7 }; 3: var point2 = new { X = 5, Y = 0 }; These similar ones do not: 1: var point3 = new { Y = 3, X = 5 }; // different order 2: var point4 = new { X = 3, Y = 5.0 }; // different type for Y 3: var point5 = new {MyX = 3, MyY = 5 }; // different names 4: var point6 = new { X = 1, Y = 2, Z = 3 }; // different count Limitations on Property Initialization Expressions The expression for a property in an anonymous type initialization cannot be null (though it can evaluate to null) or an anonymous function.  For example, the following are illegal: 1: // Null can't be used directly. Null reference of what type? 2: var cantUseNull = new { Value = null }; 3:  4: // Anonymous methods cannot be used. 5: var cantUseAnonymousFxn = new { Value = () => Console.WriteLine(“Can’t.”) }; Note that the restriction on null is just that you can’t use it directly as the expression, because otherwise how would it be able to determine the type?  You can, however, use it indirectly assigning a null expression such as a typed variable with the value null, or by casting null to a specific type: 1: string str = null; 2: var fineIndirectly = new { Value = str }; 3: var fineCast = new { Value = (string)null }; All of the examples above name the properties explicitly, but you can also implicitly name properties if they are being set from a property, field, or variable.  In these cases, when a field, property, or variable is used alone, and you don’t specify a property name assigned to it, the new property will have the same name.  For example: 1: int variable = 42; 2:  3: // creates two properties named varriable and Now 4: var implicitProperties = new { variable, DateTime.Now }; Is the same type as: 1: var explicitProperties = new { variable = variable, Now = DateTime.Now }; But this only works if you are using an existing field, variable, or property directly as the expression.  If you use a more complex expression then the name cannot be inferred: 1: // can't infer the name variable from variable * 2, must name explicitly 2: var wontWork = new { variable * 2, DateTime.Now }; In the example above, since we typed variable * 2, it is no longer just a variable and thus we would have to assign the property a name explicitly. ToString() on Anonymous Types One of the more trivial overrides that an anonymous type provides you is a ToString() method that prints the value of the anonymous type instance in much the same format as it was initialized (except actual values instead of expressions as appropriate of course). For example, if you had: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 42 }; And then print it out: 1: Console.WriteLine(point.ToString()); You will get: 1: { X = 13, Y = 42 } While this isn’t necessarily the most stunning feature of anonymous types, it can be handy for debugging or logging values in a fairly easy to read format. Comparing Anonymous Type Instances Because anonymous types automatically create appropriate overrides of Equals() and GetHashCode() based on the underlying properties, we can reliably compare two instances or get hash codes.  For example, if we had the following 3 points: 1: var point1 = new { X = 1, Y = 2 }; 2: var point2 = new { X = 1, Y = 2 }; 3: var point3 = new { Y = 2, X = 1 }; If we compare point1 and point2 we’ll see that Equals() returns true because they overridden version of Equals() sees that the types are the same (same number, names, types, and order of properties) and that the values are the same.   In addition, because all equal objects should have the same hash code, we’ll see that the hash codes evaluate to the same as well: 1: // true, same type, same values 2: Console.WriteLine(point1.Equals(point2)); 3:  4: // true, equal anonymous type instances always have same hash code 5: Console.WriteLine(point1.GetHashCode() == point2.GetHashCode()); However, if we compare point2 and point3 we get false.  Even though the names, types, and values of the properties are the same, the order is not, thus they are two different types and cannot be compared (and thus return false).  And, since they are not equal objects (even though they have the same value) there is a good chance their hash codes are different as well (though not guaranteed): 1: // false, different types 2: Console.WriteLine(point2.Equals(point3)); 3:  4: // quite possibly false (was false on my machine) 5: Console.WriteLine(point2.GetHashCode() == point3.GetHashCode()); Using Anonymous Types Now that we’ve created instances of anonymous types, let’s actually use them.  The property names (whether implicit or explicit) are used to access the individual properties of the anonymous type.  The main thing, once again, to keep in mind is that the properties are readonly, so you cannot assign the properties a new value (note: this does not mean that instances referred to by a property are immutable – for more information check out C#/.NET Fundamentals: Returning Data Immutably in a Mutable World). Thus, if we have the following anonymous type instance: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 42 }; We can get the properties as you’d expect: 1: Console.WriteLine(“The point is: ({0},{1})”, point.X, point.Y); But we cannot alter the property values: 1: // compiler error, properties are readonly 2: point.X = 99; Further, since the anonymous type name is only known by the compiler, there is no easy way to pass anonymous type instances outside of a given scope.  The only real choices are to pass them as object or dynamic.  But really that is not the intention of using anonymous types.  If you find yourself needing to pass an anonymous type outside of a given scope, you should really consider making a POCO (Plain Old CLR Type – i.e. a class that contains just properties to hold data with little/no business logic) instead. Given that, why use them at all?  Couldn’t you always just create a POCO to represent every anonymous type you needed?  Sure you could, but then you might litter your solution with many small POCO classes that have very localized uses. It turns out this is the key to when to use anonymous types to your advantage: when you just need a lightweight type in a local context to store intermediate results, consider an anonymous type – but when that result is more long-lived and used outside of the current scope, consider a POCO instead. So what do we mean by intermediate results in a local context?  Well, a classic example would be filtering down results from a LINQ expression.  For example, let’s say we had a List<Transaction>, where Transaction is defined something like: 1: public class Transaction 2: { 3: public string UserId { get; set; } 4: public DateTime At { get; set; } 5: public decimal Amount { get; set; } 6: // … 7: } And let’s say we had this data in our List<Transaction>: 1: var transactions = new List<Transaction> 2: { 3: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = 2200.00m }, 4: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -1100.00m }, 5: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1), Amount = 900.00m }, 6: new Transaction { UserId = "John", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-2), Amount = 300.00m }, 7: new Transaction { UserId = "John", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -10.00m }, 8: new Transaction { UserId = "Jane", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = 200.00m }, 9: new Transaction { UserId = "Jane", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -50.00m }, 10: new Transaction { UserId = "Jaime", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-3), Amount = -100.00m }, 11: new Transaction { UserId = "Jaime", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-3), Amount = 300.00m }, 12: }; So let’s say we wanted to get the transactions for each day for each user.  That is, for each day we’d want to see the transactions each user performed.  We could do this very simply with a nice LINQ expression, without the need of creating any POCOs: 1: // group the transactions based on an anonymous type with properties UserId and Date: 2: byUserAndDay = transactions 3: .GroupBy(tx => new { tx.UserId, tx.At.Date }) 4: .OrderBy(grp => grp.Key.Date) 5: .ThenBy(grp => grp.Key.UserId); Now, those of you who have attempted to use custom classes as a grouping type before (such as GroupBy(), Distinct(), etc.) may have discovered the hard way that LINQ gets a lot of its speed by utilizing not on Equals(), but also GetHashCode() on the type you are grouping by.  Thus, when you use custom types for these purposes, you generally end up having to write custom Equals() and GetHashCode() implementations or you won’t get the results you were expecting (the default implementations of Equals() and GetHashCode() are reference equality and reference identity based respectively). As we said before, it turns out that anonymous types already do these critical overrides for you.  This makes them even more convenient to use!  Instead of creating a small POCO to handle this grouping, and then having to implement a custom Equals() and GetHashCode() every time, we can just take advantage of the fact that anonymous types automatically override these methods with appropriate implementations that take into account the values of all of the properties. Now, we can look at our results: 1: foreach (var group in byUserAndDay) 2: { 3: // the group’s Key is an instance of our anonymous type 4: Console.WriteLine("{0} on {1:MM/dd/yyyy} did:", group.Key.UserId, group.Key.Date); 5:  6: // each grouping contains a sequence of the items. 7: foreach (var tx in group) 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", tx.Amount); 10: } 11: } And see: 1: Jaime on 06/18/2012 did: 2: -100.00 3: 300.00 4:  5: John on 06/19/2012 did: 6: 300.00 7:  8: Jim on 06/20/2012 did: 9: 900.00 10:  11: Jane on 06/21/2012 did: 12: 200.00 13: -50.00 14:  15: Jim on 06/21/2012 did: 16: 2200.00 17: -1100.00 18:  19: John on 06/21/2012 did: 20: -10.00 Again, sure we could have just built a POCO to do this, given it an appropriate Equals() and GetHashCode() method, but that would have bloated our code with so many extra lines and been more difficult to maintain if the properties change.  Summary Anonymous types are one of those Little Wonders of the .NET language that are perfect at exactly that time when you need a temporary type to hold a set of properties together for an intermediate result.  While they are not very useful beyond the scope in which they are defined, they are excellent in LINQ expressions as a way to create and us intermediary values for further expressions and analysis. Anonymous types are defined by the compiler based on the number, type, names, and order of properties created, and they automatically implement appropriate Equals() and GetHashCode() overrides (as well as ToString()) which makes them ideal for LINQ expressions where you need to create a set of properties to group, evaluate, etc. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Anonymous Types,LINQ

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• Designing status management for a file processing module

  - by bot

  The background One of the functionality of a product that I am currently working on is to process a set of compressed files ( containing XML files ) that will be made available at a fixed location periodically (local or remote location - doesn't really matter for now) and dump the contents of each XML file in a database. I have taken care of the design for a generic parsing module that should be able to accommodate the parsing of any file type as I have explained in my question linked below. There is no need to take a look at the following link to answer my question but it would definitely provide a better context to the problem Generic file parser design in Java using the Strategy pattern The Goal I want to be able to keep a track of the status of each XML file and the status of each compressed file containing the XML files. I can probably have different statuses defined for the XML files such as NEW, PROCESSING, LOADING, COMPLETE or FAILED. I can derive the status of a compressed file based on the status of the XML files within the compressed file. e.g status of the compressed file is COMPLETE if no XML file inside the compressed file is in a FAILED state or status of the compressed file is FAILED if the status of at-least one XML file inside the compressed file is FAILED. A possible solution The Model I need to maintain the status of each XML file and the compressed file. I will have to define some POJOs for holding the information about an XML file as shown below. Note that there is no need to store the status of a compressed file as the status of a compressed file can be derived from the status of its XML files. public class FileInformation { private String compressedFileName; private String xmlFileName; private long lastModifiedDate; private int status; public FileInformation(final String compressedFileName, final String xmlFileName, final long lastModified, final int status) { this.compressedFileName = compressedFileName; this.xmlFileName = xmlFileName; this.lastModifiedDate = lastModified; this.status = status; } } I can then have a class called StatusManager that aggregates a Map of FileInformation instances and provides me the status of a given file at any given time in the lifetime of the appliciation as shown below : public class StatusManager { private Map<String,FileInformation> processingMap = new HashMap<String,FileInformation>(); public void add(FileInformation fileInformation) { fileInformation.setStatus(0); // 0 will indicates that the file is in NEW state. 1 will indicate that the file is in process and so on.. processingMap.put(fileInformation.getXmlFileName(),fileInformation); } public void update(String filename,int status) { FileInformation fileInformation = processingMap.get(filename); fileInformation.setStatus(status); } } That takes care of the model for the sake of explanation. So whats my question? Edited after comments from Loki and answer from Eric : - I would like to know if there are any existing design patterns that I can refer to while coming up with a design. I would also like to know how I should go about designing the status management classes. I am more interested in understanding how I can model the status management classes. I am not interested in how other components are going to be updated about a change in status at the moment as suggested by Eric.

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• Why Does DreamWeaver CS5 Discriminate between File Extensions, Even After Modding Mime Types!?

  - by Sam

  Hi folks, Even After I forced DreamWeaver CS5 to allow opening of .ast extensions as a MIME type of php5, which DreamWeaver now opens and colors correctly as described here, I still have trouble figuring out why it still discriminates between the two file extensions! Symptoms: External Files & Design View I have a file foo.php which php includes other files (e.g. the php-combined css.php and js.php). Now, when opening foo.php all functions work perfectly: the external (included) php files are all recognised correctly. However, when I change foo.php foo.ast, and open it again, It does not recognise the files extensions anymore in the top bar. Also, I lose the Design / Live View functionality.** When I change foo.ast to foo.php, all works again! Anyone any clues of why there remains a a difference between one and other extension? Note1: I have added the .ast extension to these four files, next to .php: 1 C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\VirtualStore\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Adobe Dreamweaver CS5\configuration\DocumentTypes\MMDocumentTypes.xml 2 C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Adobe Dreamweaver CS5\configuration\DocumentTypes\MMDocumentTypes.xml 3 C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Roaming\Adobe\Dreamweaver CS5\en_US\Configuration\Extensions.txt 4 C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Adobe Dreamweaver CS5\configuration\Extensions.txt Note2: sometimes, even .php files do not want to show in design view or live view. Could this be caused by a corrupted installation?

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• Blackberry read local properties file in project

  - by Dachmt

  Hi, I have a config.properties file at the root of my blackberry project (same place as Blackberry_App_Descriptor.xml file), and I try to access the file to read and write into it. See below my class: public class Configuration { private String file; private String fileName; public Configuration(String pathToFile) { this.fileName = pathToFile; try { // Try to load the file and read it System.out.println("---------- Start to read the file"); file = readFile(fileName); System.out.println("---------- Property file:"); System.out.println(file); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("---------- Error reading file"); System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Read a file and return it in a String * @param fName * @return */ private String readFile(String fName) { String properties = null; try { System.out.println("---------- Opening the file"); //to actually retrieve the resource prefix the name of the file with a "/" InputStream is = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(fName); //we now have an input stream. Create a reader and read out //each character in the stream. System.out.println("---------- Input stream"); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); char c; System.out.println("---------- Append string now"); while ((c = (char)isr.read()) != -1) { properties += c; } } catch (Exception e) { } return properties; } } I call my class constructor like this: Configuration config = new Configuration("/config.properties"); So in my class, "file" should have all the content of the config.properties file, and the fileName should have this value "/config.properties". But the "name" is null because the file cannot be found... I know this is the path of the file which should be different, but I don't know what i can change... The class is in the package com.mycompany.blackberry.utils Thank you!

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• batch file infinite loop when parsing file

  - by Bart

  Okay, this should be a really simple task but its proving to be more complicated than I think it should be. I'm clearly doing something wrong, and would like someone else's input. What I would like to do is parse through a file containing paths to directories and set permissions on those directories. An example line of the input file. There are several lines, all formatted the same way, with a different path to a directory. E:\stuff\Things\something else (X)\ (The file in question is generated under Cygwin using find to list all directories with "(X)" in the name. The file is then passed through unix2win to make it windows compatible. I've also tried manually creating the input file from within windows to rule out the file's creation method as the problem.) Here's where I'm stuck... I wrote the following quick and dirty batch file in Windows XP and it worked without any issues at all, but it will not work in server 2k8. Batch file code to run through the file and set permissions: FOR /F "tokens=*" %%A IN (dirlist.txt) DO echo y| cacls "%%A" /T /C /G "Domain Admins":f "Some Group":f "some-security-group":f What this is SUPPOSED to do (and does in XP) is loop through the specified file (dirlist.txt) and run cacls.exe on each directory it pulls from the file. The "echo y|" is in there to automagically confirm when cacls helpfully asks "are you sure?" for every directory in the list. Unfortunately, however, what it DOES is fall into an infinite loop. I've tried surrounding everything after "DO" with quotes, which prevents the endless loop but confuses cacls so it throws an error. Interestingly, I've tried running the code from after "DO" manually (obviously replacing the variable with the full path, copied straight from the file) at a command prompt and it runs as expected. I don't think it's the file or the loop, as adding quotes to the command to be executed prevents the loop from continuing past where it's supposed to... I really have no idea at this point. Any help would be appreciated. I have a feeling it's going to be something increadibly stupid... but I'm pulling my hair out so I thought I'd ask.

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• Microsoft Management Console stops working when I add snap-in to it

  - by JayaprakashReddy

  I have Windows 7 Ultimate OS. I'm opening mmc.exe as administrator and trying add Certificates or any other snap-in, then while loading that snap-in MMC breaks and displays following message and after that it closes automatically once I click on close button on that message. What could be the problem? I did following to fix the problem but couldn't succeed any of these: I tried to repair the OS I repaired files using this method Even repaired the installation using this link Update: *@oldskool: Here is the debug process output:* Sorry its a long output text. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mmc.exe', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntdll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\kernel32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\KernelBase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\gdi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\user32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\lpk.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\usp10.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msvcrt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mfc42u.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ole32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\rpcrt4.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\oleaut32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\odbc32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\advapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\sechost.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mmcbase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\shlwapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\uxtheme.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\duser.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\imm32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msctf.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\odbcint.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dui70.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.7600.16661_none_420fe3fa2b8113bd\comctl32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptbase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\urlmon.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wininet.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\iertutil.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\crypt32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msasn1.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\clbcatq.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mmcndmgr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dwmapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\oleacc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptsp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\rsaenh.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\RpcRtRemote.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mlang.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\xmllite.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\version.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\apphelp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\Bin\mscormmc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mscoree.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.vc80.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4927_none_d08a205e442db5b5\msvcr80.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\azroleui.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\atl.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\secur32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\netutils.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dsrole.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\logoncli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dsuiext.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntdsapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ws2_32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\nsi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\activeds.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\adsldpc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\Wldap32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mpr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\netapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\srvcli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wkscli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\certmgr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\certcli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\CertEnroll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cryptui.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ncrypt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\bcrypt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wintrust.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\imagehlp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\sspicli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\aclui.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\IPHLPAPI.DLL', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winnsi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\slc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\comsnap.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mfc42.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\mycomput.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\devmgr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\setupapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\cfgmgr32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\devobj.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\devrtl.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\newdev.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dmdskmgr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dmutil.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dmdskres.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dmdskres2.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\gpedit.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dssec.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\authz.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dfscli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\samcli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\gpapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\framedynos.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wtsapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ipsmsnap.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winipsec.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\userenv.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\profapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ipsecsnp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\polstore.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\localsec.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wdc.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\pdh.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\pdhui.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\comdlg32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\credui.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wevtapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\pla.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\tdh.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winsta.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\utildll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\browcli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\vdmdbg.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\pmcsnap.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\winspool.drv', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\puiapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wsecedit.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\scecli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\filemgmt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\SqlManager.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.vc80.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4053_none_cbf21254470d8752\mfc80u.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.vc80.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4927_none_d08a205e442db5b5\msvcp80.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.vc80.atl_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4053_none_d1c738ec43578ea1\ATL80.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_5.82.7600.16661_none_ebfb56996c72aefc\comctl32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft.vc80.mfcloc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.4053_none_03ca5532205cb096\mfc80ENU.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\Resources\1033\SqlManager.rll', Binary was not built with debug information. 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msxml6.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\SqlManager.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'mmc.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\wbem\wbemcntl.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file The thread 'Win32 Thread' (0xf74) has exited with code 0 (0x0). Unhandled exception at 0x774d35e3 in mmc.exe: 0xC0000374: A heap has been corrupted.

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• File corruption after copying files in Windows 7 64 bit using two methods

  - by DustByte

  I have 5000 pictures and other files in a directory taking up 35 GB. I want to duplicate this directory. Method 1: I do a simple copy and paste of the directory in explorer. I have the habit of checking the checksums after copying important files. In this case I noticed that around 2000 files failed the MD5 test. At a closer inspection of a randomly chosen JPEG with different checksums it turns out that some XMP metadata had changed. In particular, the tag <MicrosoftPhoto:DateAcquired> had changed the date from 2009 to today (possibly around the time I was copying the files). I have no idea what triggered this XMP data to be changed and exactly when it was changed and why for these particular files, but at least it seems to explain the checksum discrepancy. Method 2: As I want the exact files to be duplicated, I tried the program FreeFileSync to mirror the directory, hoping no XMP metadata would mysteriously change. A checksum test in addition to a thorough file comparison test in FreeFileSync lead to two similar but yet different results: 31 files fail the checksum test, 23 files fail the file comparison test. The smaller set is not entirely contained in the bigger set, although many files occur in both. What is alarming here is that not only JPEGs are flagged as altered but also som AVIs, MPGs and a large 7-zip file. Closer inspection of a JPEG indicates that it is indeed corrupt: the bottom half of the picture is simply plain gray. Due to the size of the 7-zip file, I have not been able to pin down the discrepancy. Note, in both methods, every file has its correct file size after being copied. Question: Any thoughts on what is possibly going on here? I have never had this problem before, and I am now terrified that files get corrupted after simple actions like copy/paste and file sync. Even if I manage to successfully copy the files somehow, I would still like an explanation to this.

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• Getting Types in Win32 Dll

  - by Usman

  Hello, I want to know the types and details in a plain Win32DLL just like we can get in case of COM.In COM every thing embed inside idl and results in TLB, here we get every thing , MSFT exposes APIS by which we can extract types. In case of Win32 I strongly needed types defined in it and all details of that type(e.g what are members in it and their types as well). Parsing PE file and looking up export table only gives the exported functions. I want all custom types(Win32 interfaces,classes and members details with types) defined in it. How? Regards Usman

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• NDepend query methods/types in framework assembly being used by other assemblies/types

  - by icelava

  I am trying to determine which types or methods in a base framework assembly are being used by other assemblies in the application system. I cannot seem to find a straight-cut query to do that. What i have to do is first determine which assemblies are directly using the framework assembly, then manually list them in a second query SELECT TYPES FROM ASSEMBLIES "IBM.Data.DB2" WHERE IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FirstDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:SecondDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:ThirdDirectUsedByAssebmly" OR IsDirectlyUsedBy "ASSEMBLY:FourthDirectUsedByAssebmly" Is there a better/faster way to query for this? Additionally, the query results are focused on the matched types only. The Dependency graph or matrix exported only shows details of those. I do not know how to render a graph that shows those types or methods plus show the dependent types/methods from other assemblies that are consuming them?

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• Make a file non-deletable in USB

  - by MegaNairda

  Somebody used my USB drive and upon returning it to me, I found a autorun.inf that is undeletable. I tried changing it's file attribute which is only H (not even set as a system file) but it keeps on saying Access Denied. The USB is set on FAT32, upon asking my friend, he told me that he uses Panda USB Vaccine http://research.pandasecurity.com/Panda-USB-and-AutoRun-Vaccine/ How do they do this? Im trying to use some Disk Sector editor but have no idea which hex file they change to make this kind of file and make it deletable again. Formatting the drive removes it, but I'm curious as to how to be able to set those kind of file attribute.

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• no such file to load -- yet file is config.gem in environtment.rb file in rails

  - by Angela

  I keep getting this error for different gems, the most recent is acts_as_reportable: no such file to load -- acts_as_reportable However, I have the following line in my environment.rb: config.gem 'acts_as_reportable' And I also ran the following: >gem install acts_as_reportable It it output: >gem install acts_as_reportable Successfully installed acts_as_reportable-1.1.1 1 gem installed Installing ri documentation for acts_as_reportable-1.1.1... Installing RDoc documentation for acts_as_reportable-1.1.1... What do I need to do?

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• Trying to open a file in Ruby - Getting TypeError: can't convert String into Integer

  - by steve_gallagher

  Not sure whats going on here, or what could be the integer in this case. Here's the code: def build_array_from_file(filename) contents = [] File.read(File.expand_path('lib/project_euler/' + filename), 'r') do |file| while line = file.get contents << line end end contents end filename is a string and I've checked to make sure the path comes up valid. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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• Examples of limitations in IT due to different bit length by design

  - by Alaudo

  I am teaching the course "Introduction in Programming" for the first-year students and would like to find interesting examples where the datatype size in bits, chosen by design, led to certain known restrictions or important values. Here are some examples: Due to the fact that the Bell teleprinter used 7-bit-code (later accepted as ASCII) until now have we often to encode attachments in electronic messages to contain only 7 bit data. Classical limitation of 32-bit address space leads to the 4Gb maximal RAM size available for 32-bit systems and 4Gb maximal file size in FAT32. Do you know some other interesting examples how the choice of the data type (and especially its binary length) influenced the modern IT world. Added after some discussion in comments: I am not going to teach how to overcome limitations. I just want them to know that 1 byte can hold the values from -127..0..+127 o 0..255, 2 bytes cover the range 0..65535 etc by proving examples they know from other sources, like the above-mentioned base64 encoding etc. We are just learning the basic datatypes and I am trying to find a good reference for "how large" these types are.

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