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• Alternatives to using stat() to get file type?

  - by Helper Method

  Are there any alternatives to stat (which is found on most Unix systems) which can determine the file type? The manpage says that a call to stat is expensive, and I need to call it quite often in my app.

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• Folder Renaming After Tar Extraction

  - by Chris S

  I have an tarball, myarchive.tar.gz. When I uncompress it using "tar -zxvf myarchive.tar.gz", it creates a folder myarchive-x980-2303-ssioo. What's the easiest way to automatically rename the extracted folder to ensure it matches the name of the archive? I've checked tar's manpage, but it doesn't seem to have an option for this.

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• Setting environment variables in OS X

  - by Percival Ulysses

  Despite the warning that questions that can be answered are preferred, this question is more a request for comments. I apologize for this, but I feel that it is valuable nonetheless. The problem to set up environment variables such that they are available for GUI applications has been around since the dawn of Mac OS X. The solution with ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist never satisfied me because it was not reliable, and bash style globbing wasn't available. Another solution is the use of Login Hooks with a suitable shell script, but these are deprecated. The Apple approved way for such functionality as provided by login hooks is the use of Launch Agents. I provided a launch agent that is located in /Library/LaunchAgents/: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>user.conf.launchd</string> <key>Program</key> <string>/Users/Shared/conflaunchd.sh</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>~/.conf.launchd</string> </array> <key>EnableGlobbing</key> <true/> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true/> <key>LimitLoadToSessionType</key> <array> <string>Aqua</string> <string>StandardIO</string> </array> </dict> </plist> The real work is done in the shell script /Users/Shared/conflaunchd.sh, which reads ~/.conf.launchd and feeds it to launchctl: #! /bin/bash #filename="$1" filename="$HOME/.conf.launchd" if [ ! -r "$filename" ]; then exit fi eval $(/usr/libexec/path_helper -s) while read line; do # skip lines that only contain whitespace or a comment if [ ! -n "$line" -o `expr "$line" : '#'` -gt 0 ]; then continue; fi eval launchctl $line done <"$filename" exit 0 Notice the call of path_helper to get PATH set up right. Finally, ~/.conf.launchd looks like that setenv PATH ~/Applications:"${PATH}" setenv TEXINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf//: setenv BIBINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf/bibtex//: setenv BSTINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf/bibtex//: # Locale setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8 These are launchctl commands, see its manpage for further information. Works fine for me (I should mention that I'm still a Snow Leopard guy), GUI applications such as texstudio can see my local texmf tree. Things that can be improved: The shell script has a #filename="$1" in it. This is not accidental, as the file name should be feeded to the script by the launch agent as an argument, but that doesn't work. It is possible to put the script in the launch agent itsself. I am not sure how secure this solution is, as it uses eval with user provided strings. It should be mentioned that Apple intended a somewhat similar approach by putting stuff in ~/launchd.conf, but it is currently unsupported as to this date and OS (see the manpage of launchd.conf). I guess that things like globbing would not work as they do in this proposal. Finally, I would mention the sources I used as information on Launch Agents, but StackExchange doesn't let me [1], [2], [3]. Again, I am sorry that this is not a real question, I still hope it is useful.

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• Specify IPSEC port range using ipsec-tools

  - by Sandman4

  Is it possible to require IPSEC on a port range ? I want to require IPSEC for all incoming connections except a few public ports like 80 and 443, but don't want to restrict outgoing connections. My SPD rules would look like: spdadd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0[80] tcp -P in none; spdadd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0[443] tcp -P in none; spdadd 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0[0....32767] tcp -P in esp/require/transport; In setkey manpage I see IP ranges, but no mention of port ranges. (The idea is to use IPSEC as a sort of VPN to protect internal communications between multiple servers. Instead of configuring permissions basing on source IPs, or configuring specific ports, I want to demand IPSEC on anything which is not meant to be public - I feel it's less error-prone this way.)

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• How to automate an Amazon EC2 instance startup, execution of some commands and shutdown?

  - by Howiecamp

  I need to download 100 GB of files (it’s in about 150 files) within a 7 day period before they expire. The download is rate-limited by the host so it takes MUCH longer than the theoretical transfer rate based on normal Internet speeds. I have a script of curl http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html commands - one line per file. I had the idea of automatically spinning up n EC2 instances, executing the command and FTPing the files to a central location, then shutting down the machines. How would I do this? I don't care whether it's Linux or Windows.

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• Manually start scheduled launchd job

  - by Pascal

  On our Mac OS X (10.6) Server we have setup several backup scripts that are controlled by launchd and launched at specific times. For this we have defined StartCalendarInterval and this all works very well. Now it happens that I would like to start one of these jobs out of schedule, but this does not start the job (but also does not give an error/warning): sudo launchctl start org.job-label The manpage of launchtl states that start is intended to test on-demand jobs, no word of scheduled jobs. Is there a way to kickstart scheduled jobs?

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• Using windowmaker with quartz-wm in proxy mode on Snow Leopard

  - by Graham Lee

  I can modify my .xinitrc file to exec /opt/local/bin/wmaker, and get WindowMaker 0.90.2 as my window manager in X11.app. I'd like to use quartz-wm not as a window manager, but to provide the pasteboard integration with Aqua using the --only-proxy flag (see the man page). If I add the following line to .xinitrc: exec /usr/bin/quartz-wm --only-proxy & then WindowMaker never starts, complaining that there's already a window manager running. Is it possible to get the two to play nicely together, or is proxy feature part of the Xquartz server now? It seems that the Xquartz manpage has a number of pasteboard-to-clipboard synchronisation settings, but it's not clear whether quartz-wm needs to be running for those to work.

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• syslogd: Logfile format (not configuration format)

  - by chris_l

  Hi, I'd like to parse logfiles. Is the logfile format of syslogd the same for all systems? On my system (Debian Lenny), it's: Mar 7 04:22:40 my-host-name ... (I'm not much interested in the ... part) Can I rely on this? And is there maybe some more-or-less official description? The manpage of syslogd describes the config format, but not the logfile format. Ideally, the description would give the fields official names like (date, time, host, entry) or (datetime, hostname, message). Maybe additionally some regular expressions. I'd like to use the names and regexes in my script, to avoid an unnecessary deviation from the standard, and to make sure, that the script runs everywhere. Thanks Chris

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• How to copy directories using debugfs?

  - by tjbp

  The debugfs manpage gives the impression that the command 'rdump . .' will recursively copy all files found on the specified filesystem from the debugfs cwd to the native filesystem's cwd. Instead I seem to receive a syntax error, and no copy is initiated? These are the commands I run: cd /path/to/transfer/destination debugfs /dev/sda1 -R rdump . . My task is to copy the entire contents of a clean yet unmountable USB storage device to its host machine's HD. The host machine does not support the inode size used by the USB device's filesystem (256) and its software is not upgradeable, so my intention was to use debugfs to transfer the files. If anyone has any other suggestions for this task I'd be grateful.

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• Lazy umount or Unmounting a busy disk in Linux

  - by deed02392

  I have read that it is possible to 'umount' a disk that is otherwise busy by using the 'lazy' option. The manpage has this to say about it: umount - unmount file systems -l Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option allows a "busy" filesystem to be unmounted. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.) But what would be the point in that? I considered why we dismount partitions at all: To remove the hardware To perform operations on the filesystem that would be unsafe to do while mounted In either of these cases, all a 'lazy' unmount serves IMHO is to make it more difficult to determine if the disk really is dismounted and you can actually proceed with these actions. The only application for umount -l seems to be for inexperienced users to 'feel' like they've achieved something they haven't. Why would you use a lazy unmount?

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• Xen DomU on DRBD device: barrier errors

  - by Halfgaar

  I'm testing setting up a Xen DomU with a DRBD storage for easy failover. Most of the time, immediatly after booting the DomU, I get an IO error: [ 3.153370] EXT3-fs (xvda2): using internal journal [ 3.277115] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 3.336014] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (3899 buckets, 15596 max) [ 3.515604] init: failsafe main process (397) killed by TERM signal [ 3.801589] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 3.801597] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled [ 3.801611] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801630] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801642] Buffer I/O error on device xvda2, logical block 6521396 [ 3.801652] lost page write due to I/O error on xvda2 [ 3.801755] Aborting journal on device xvda2. [ 3.804415] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: ext3_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal [ 3.804434] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: remounting filesystem read-only [ 3.814754] journal commit I/O error [ 6.973831] init: udev-fallback-graphics main process (538) terminated with status 1 [ 6.992267] init: plymouth-splash main process (546) terminated with status 1 The manpage of drbdsetup says that LVM (which I use) doesn't support barriers (better known as tagged command queuing or native command queing), so I configured the drbd device not to use barriers. This can be seen in /proc/drbd (by "wo:f, meaning flush, the next method drbd chooses after barrier): 3: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:2160152 nr:520204 dw:2680344 dr:2678107 al:3549 bm:9183 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 And on the other host: 3: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:0 nr:2160152 dw:2160152 dr:0 al:0 bm:8052 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 I also enabled the option disable_sendpage, as per the drbd docs: cat /sys/module/drbd/parameters/disable_sendpage Y I also tried adding barriers=0 to fstab as mount option. Still it sometimes says: [ 58.603896] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 58.603903] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled I don't even know if ext3 has a nobarrier option. And, because only one of my storage systems is battery backed, it would not be smart anyway. Why does it still compain about barriers when I disabled that? Both host are: Debian: 6.0.4 uname -a: Linux 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 drbd: 8.3.7 Xen: 4.0.1 Guest: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS uname -a: Linux 3.2.0-24-generic pvops drbd resource: resource drbdvm { meta-disk internal; device /dev/drbd3; startup { # The timeout value when the last known state of the other side was available. 0 means infinite. wfc-timeout 0; # Timeout value when the last known state was disconnected. 0 means infinite. degr-wfc-timeout 180; } syncer { # This is recommended only for low-bandwidth lines, to only send those # blocks which really have changed. #csums-alg md5; # Set to about half your net speed rate 60M; # It seems that this option moved to the 'net' section in drbd 8.4. (later release than Debian has currently) verify-alg md5; } net { # The manpage says this is recommended only in pre-production (because of its performance), to determine # if your LAN card has a TCP checksum offloading bug. #data-integrity-alg md5; } disk { # Detach causes the device to work over-the-network-only after the # underlying disk fails. Detach is not default for historical reasons, but is # recommended by the docs. # However, the Debian defaults in drbd.conf suggest the machine will reboot in that event... on-io-error detach; # LVM doesn't support barriers, so disabling it. It will revert to flush. Check wo: in /proc/drbd. If you don't disable it, you get IO errors. no-disk-barrier; } on host1 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.1:7792; } on host2 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.2:7792; } } DomU cfg: bootloader = '/usr/lib/xen-default/bin/pygrub' vcpus = '2' memory = '512' # # Disk device(s). # root = '/dev/xvda2 ro' disk = [ 'phy:/dev/drbd3,xvda2,w', 'phy:/dev/universe/drbdvm-swap,xvda1,w', ] # # Hostname # name = 'drbdvm' # # Networking # # fake IP for posting vif = [ 'ip=1.2.3.4,mac=00:16:3E:22:A8:A7' ] # # Behaviour # on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' In my test setup: the primary host's storage is 9650SE SATA-II RAID PCIe with battery. The secondary is software RAID1. Isn't DRBD+Xen widely used? With these problems, it's not going to work.

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• How to copy directories using debugfs?

  - by STM

  The debugfs manpage gives the impression that the command 'rdump . .' will recursively copy all files found on the specified filesystem from the debugfs cwd to the native filesystem's cwd. Instead I seem to receive a syntax error, and no copy is initiated? These are the commands I run: cd /path/to/transfer/destination debugfs /dev/sda1 -R rdump . . My task is to copy the entire contents of a clean yet unmountable USB storage device to its host machine's HD. The host machine does not support the inode size used by the USB device's filesystem (256) and its software is not upgradeable, so my intention was to use debugfs to transfer the files. If anyone has any other suggestions for this task I'd be grateful.

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• Using windowmaker with quartz-wm in proxy mode on Snow Leopard

  - by Graham Lee

  I can modify my .xinitrc file to exec /opt/local/bin/wmaker, and get WindowMaker 0.90.2 as my window manager in X11.app. I'd like to use quartz-wm not as a window manager, but to provide the pasteboard integration with Aqua using the --only-proxy flag (see the man page). If I add the following line to .xinitrc: exec /usr/bin/quartz-wm --only-proxy & then WindowMaker never starts, complaining that there's already a window manager running. Is it possible to get the two to play nicely together, or is proxy feature part of the Xquartz server now? It seems that the Xquartz manpage has a number of pasteboard-to-clipboard synchronisation settings, but it's not clear whether quartz-wm needs to be running for those to work.

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• How do I execute find with GNU xargs to traverse a set of directories?

  - by wilhelmtell

  $ echo {a,b,c}.h d e.h |xargs -IA find A -name '*.h' find: `a.h b.h c.h d e.h': No such file or directory $ echo -e a.h\\nb.h c.h d e.h |xargs -IA find A -name '*.h' a.h find: `b.h c.h d e.h': No such file or directory The problem is that -I implies xargs will assume arguments are delimited by newline. I'm not sure why that is. I reckon I can solve this problem with sed, but I wonder if there's an xargs trick or idiom I'm not familiar with that people use to solve this. I'm looking for a solution that will also work on OS X. On OS X the xargs -J switch seems to work fine. The manpage claims this switch will just control where the arguments are placed for the executable -- which is exactly what I want.

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• Creating svn repo programmatically from a webpage and sudo

  - by Adriano Varoli Piazza

  We want to automate the creation of the svn repos and trac environments for new projects. Basically, this would mean creating a web script that got some info (like env and repo name, etc) from the user and then executed sudo -u svn svnadmin create /var/svn/<projectname> trac-admin /var/trac/sites/<projectname> initenv [... All extra params...] For the second command, this is simple, as it already runs as the www-data user, so I wouldn't have to use sudo. But for the first command, I'd have to use sudo and add www-data to the sudoers file. I was wondering if this is a good idea, and how to do it in that case. Reading the manpage has left me with more doubts than certainties about this. This webserver would only be accessible from our internal network, by the way. The OS is Ubuntu Server 10.04.

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• Need to set mailx variable to specify the From address

  - by user256817

  Running Oracle Linux 5.8 (which is just re-branded RedHat EL 5.8) I must change the From address. But we have scripts that use mailx which cannot be re-written to use any extra flags, so I'd like to use internal variables instead, which I see on the linux.die.net manpage on mailx is an alternative to the -r flag: -r address Sets the From address. Overrides any from variable specified in environment or startup files. Tilde escapes are disabled. The -r address options are passed to the mail transfer agent unless SMTP is used. This option exists for compatibility only; it is recommended to set the from variable directly instead. (Source: http://linux.die.net/man/1/mailx) How can we use these mailx variables? I tried adding this to /root/.mailrc, no go: set [email protected] I also added that to /etc/mail.rc with no gold. So I am turning to you, SuperUsers...

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• Is it possible to have zsh+keychain+tmux not ask for keys?

  - by Wayne Werner

  I'm using tmux and zsh, and I've recently been learning about ssh-agent and keychain. From the manpage for zsh, it says that it will source .zlogin only if the shell is, well, a login shell. Following advice I read, I stuck keychain --clear in my .zlogin, which worked perfectly. When I logged into the box I had to unlock my key. However, each time I create a new window in tmux, it clears/makes me re-add my key. This is a little annoying... but I can understand it if, in fact, each new tmux window is a login window. I haven't been able to find much help outside of the manpages on this topic. So is each new tmux window a login shell, or is there any way that I can make it not clear my keys only when I create a tmux window?

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• Can I autologin a specific user on a specific VT, but still have other login shells running?

  - by Michael

  I'm running a linux system with Ubuntu Karmic on it, and I use it to run a webcam and a program that continuously outputs on the console. Is there any way I can force a user to login on VT2, and then switch VTs to VT2, but still have other login consoles running so I can hook a keyboard up to it and CTRL-ALT-F# to get to another terminal? I have a feeling this needs to go in my rc.local file, but nothing in the login manpage seems to suggest it can do what I want it to do. If there is no way to login a user on the vt, launching the program directly on a specific VT will work as well, since the user's shell in /etc/passwd is set to the program anyway.

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• Diff -b and -w difference

  - by dotancohen

  From the diff manpage: -b, --ignore-space-change ignore changes in the amount of white space -w, --ignore-all-space ignore all white space From this, I infer that the difference between the -b and -w options must be that -b is sensitive to the type of whitespace (tabs vs. spaces). However, that does not seem to be the case: $ diff 1.txt 2.txt 1,3c1,3 < Four spaces, changed to one tab < Eight Spaces, changed to two tabs < Four spaces, changed to two spaces --- > Four spaces, changed to one tab > Eight Spaces, changed to two tabs > Four spaces, changed to two spaces $ diff -b 1.txt 2.txt $ diff -w 1.txt 2.txt $ So, what is the difference between the -b and -w options? Tested with diffutils 3.2 on Kubuntu Linux 13.04.

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• How to kill an openvz container?

  - by johannes

  An openvz container can be stopped with vzctl stop <id> , but this needs the cooperation from the init inside the container. In case a container is compromised a way is needed to stop the container withouts its cooperation. Something like a vzctl kill <id> is needed which kills all processes inside the container and puts it into the stopped state. Such a kill command is not listed in the manpage. How can an openvz container be killed/stopped without needing it's cooperation?

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• iso9660 filesystem when remade with a slight change blows its size by 100M

  - by user1458001

  I have an iso 9660 filesystem image in which I need to edit just one file. I copied the files using cp -avf. When the files reach the destination, the sizes increase. That must be due to the increase in block size. But when I remake the iso9660 filesystem using mkisofs -J -U -r the sizes of the files remain the same and just a small editing in a file leads to a blow up of about 100M in the newly created iso image. I think I'm missing some option there, but I'm not able to find out in the manpage and google search. Some quick help would be greatly appreciated as I'm stuck. My host filesystem is ext3..if that's required.

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• Varnishhist x- and y-axis

  - by pst

  In varnishhist the x-axis shows the time varnish took between getting the request from the kernel and sending it back to kernel. The y-axis shows the number of requests. | => cache hit # => cache miss That is what I understood from the manpage. Correct me if I'm wrong. Yet there is one thing I'm unsure about. The pipes (|) on the far left side, do they also stand for cache hits or are they just there to print the y-axis? I'm voting for the latter, but would like to be sure.

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• How do I get a CardScan 60 II working with SANE?

  - by TiuTalk

  I have a CardScan 60 II device and installed SANE in my Ubuntu 10.10 laptop. The problem is I can't make scanimage find the device. Quote: $ sudo sane-find-scanner # sane-find-scanner will now attempt to detect your scanner. If the # result is different from what you expected, first make sure your # scanner is powered up and properly connected to your computer. # No SCSI scanners found. If you expected something different, make sure that # you have loaded a kernel SCSI driver for your SCSI adapter. found USB scanner (vendor=0x08f0 [Corex Technologies Corporation], product=0x1000 [Corex CardScan 60], chip=LM9832/3) at libusb:006:002 # Your USB scanner was (probably) detected. It may or may not be supported by # SANE. Try scanimage -L and read the backend's manpage. # Not checking for parallel port scanners. # Most Scanners connected to the parallel port or other proprietary ports # can't be detected by this program. But I can't find the device: $ sudo scanimage -L No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different, check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).

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• Sound stopped working

  - by Brian West

  I ran through the troubleshooting at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting It did not play the test sound, and it also does not play sounds during speaker-test. It does play sounds when I adjust my volume on my computer (using pommed). It worked just the other day, but this is the first time I've tested it since last night, when I put it to pm-suspend-hybrid and it half-woke up (the backlight came on, but it didn't fully wake up), then went back, then half-woke again, but was frozen like that. I had to do a manual reboot of the machine when that happened. Now my sound doesn't work, except for adjusting the volume (where the little "beep" sound plays). During the troubleshooting, it recognized my sound card, the sound modules, and the sound card's installation. I've tried removing ~/.pulse, but to no avail. Also, if it's any help, pulseaudio is running, but pulseaudio --check returns nothing, which the manpage suggests indicates an error. Edit: I should probably clarify that the wake up from the suspend-hybrid was not provoked in any way. I was laying in bed when I noticed my room was brighter suddenly, so I got up to check on it.

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• Problem with SANE and CardScan

  - by TiuTalk

  I have a CardScan 60 II device and installed SANE in my Ubuntu 10.10 laptop. The problem is I can't make scanimage find the device. Quote: $ sudo sane-find-scanner # sane-find-scanner will now attempt to detect your scanner. If the # result is different from what you expected, first make sure your # scanner is powered up and properly connected to your computer. # No SCSI scanners found. If you expected something different, make sure that # you have loaded a kernel SCSI driver for your SCSI adapter. found USB scanner (vendor=0x08f0 [Corex Technologies Corporation], product=0x1000 [Corex CardScan 60], chip=LM9832/3) at libusb:006:002 # Your USB scanner was (probably) detected. It may or may not be supported by # SANE. Try scanimage -L and read the backend's manpage. # Not checking for parallel port scanners. # Most Scanners connected to the parallel port or other proprietary ports # can't be detected by this program. But I can't find the device: $ sudo scanimage -L No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different, check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).

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