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• HDMI sound gone, can't figure out how to turn it back on

  - by Oli

  I have had an Acer Revo box as a media centre for a while. I recently installed Ubuntu Server (10.10) on it and polished it up with nodm (one of the most simple ways to launch an X session) and installed boxee. It's been working fine for over a month. It's just running ALSA. I've had problems with PulseAudio/Boxee/HDMI before so I wanted to keep it simple. And that worked. It pushed both PCM and digital (AAC and various Dolby codecs) over HDMI perfectly. But I restarted it the other day after mucking around with some nfs configuration and now there isn't any sound. The hardware is an ION chipset. Nvidia 9400M graphics with Nvidia MCP79/7A audio. One thing I have noticed is there doesn't appear to be any sign of a IEC958 device. A traditional fix in the past for fresh installs has been to load alsamixer, find the IEC device and toggle its mute but I can't. I'm certain this used to represent the HDMI output. It just doesn't seem to exist any more unless I run sudo alsa-utils restart while boxee is running, when I see it in an error message: * Shutting down ALSA... [ OK ] * Setting up ALSA... * warning: 'alsactl restore' failed with error message 'alsactl: set_control:1388: Cannot write control '2:0:0:IEC958 Playback Default:0' : Operation not permitted'... ...done. When nodm (and thus boxee) aren't running, I don't see this error but alsamixer still doesn't show the IEC channel. aplay -l gives: card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 0: ALC662 rev1 Analog [ALC662 rev1 Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 Its section in lshw reads: *-multimedia description: Audio device product: MCP79 High Definition Audio vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0 version: b1 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 maxlatency=5 mingnt=2 resources: irq:22 memory:fae78000-fae7bfff I was running on the stock PAE kernel but now it's running on 2.6.37.1. I upgraded to see if that fixed things; it didn't. I'm considering a reinstall but I hate doing that because a) there's a bit of custom configuration in getting X and Boxee to start on boot and b) I don't know what the problem is. If I reinstall this time, I'll end up doing that every time the sound breaks. I love Ubuntu but I don't want to install it once a month. Is there any way to forcibly reset all alsa settings and restart from scratch (without doing a reinstall)? Any other tips? If you need more information, just ask.

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• Simple multi-seat

  - by Oli

  I've asked about multiseat before. The answer (for 10.04) involved doing it the proper way (eg through gdm, multiple server layouts). The problem was that gdm needs to be patched or reverted to 2.20 for multiseat. It's an ugly hack that, worse than anything, will hold up future updates. As a result, I didn't do anything. I still have a spare video card. I still have the monitor, keyboard and mouse all sitting waiting to jump into action. And I still want to be able to turn that into a simple desktop. My needs don't seem complicated. I have a second video card, a USB hub and anything connected to that USB hub that I want to be dedicated to another X server. I don't need a login screen (I'm happy hard-coding in a auto-login and I'd be happy with the user starting the X server if that's possible). This is so simple in my head that I only need two questions: How can I explicitly start an X server from the command line on an unused video adapter (by passing it whatever configuration I need to)? Can I have this new X session load a desktop environment on load? This seems like something you should be able to write in a little upstart script within 10 minutes. That would be perfect for me as then I'd have a nice start/stop control over the secondary desktop from the main desktop (that I want to leave unscathed!) I'm thinking something as simple as this for the payload: su -u other_user -c "startx -- localhost hardware-information" And use .xinitrc to load openbox or something...

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• How to change icons in the side pane of the Nautilus file browser?

  - by oli

  Right-click in the main panel allows to change icons associated to files of directories, and this is cool for content organization and so on. Unfortunately, right click on small directories on the side pane does not allow to change its properties (such as icon). I try to change the original directory icon, expecting that its side pane version would change accordingly, but surprisingly, nothing appends... Any idea?

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• How to make PPA build for particular release

  - by Oli

  I'm creating my first proper PPA to patch a problem with Compiz. debbuild/dput works fine but Launchpad tells me it's only building it for Quantal. I've no interest in doing that for the minute - I'd like it to build for Precise. What do I need to do to get this done? Edit: I went into the package page in Launchpad and managed to copy the package I uploaded for another release, but is there a way of setting the default release(s) for a PPA?

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• Switching mdadm to an external bitmap

  - by Oli

  I've just read this in another post about improving RAID5/6 write speeds: After increasing stripe cache & switching to external bitmap, my speeds are 160 Mb/s writes, 260 Mb/s reads. :-D I've already found out how to increase the stripe cache and this worked pretty well but I'd like to know more about an external bitmap. I have an incredibly fast (540MB/s) RAID0 SSD that would do well if a bitmap does what I think it does but I'm still very unsure. I've only known about them as long as I've known this post. A few questions: What is a bitmap (in terms of mdadm)? What are the advantages of an internal bitmap (over external)? What are the advantages of an external bitmap (over internal)? How do I switch between the two? I should add that while this is a I'm-bored-let's-break-something thread, I do value the data stored on the RAID array. If doing this is going to put data at significant risk, please let me know.

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• What new games are available for Ubuntu in 2011?

  - by Oli

  I know there have been other questions like "What native games are available?" and they often have issues because they turn into a never-ending list of every game ever released for Linux. But I'd like to know what's coming out this year. Good answers can include: A game that's coming out in 2011 A Linux port being released for games that might be older (eg Trine) As much information and as many screenshots and links as possible Few old games unless they're doing a major update that changes the game very significantly. One game per answer, add as much information as possible and work with each other to build a catalogue of awesome things to look forward to this year.

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• Is there a way to get a "proper" Firefox 4 experience on Maverick?

  - by Oli

  I'm getting fed up of Chrome's crazy memory usage and quirks and I'm tired of FF3's sluggish performance. I'd like to replace FF3 with FF4. Now I've already installed it technically but the branding is completely off. It's using its codename. Is there a PPA of the latest releases (not nightlies) that comes with the proper branding and optionally a conflicts directive in its package so it clears out the old FF3 packages too.

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• How can I get the best performance for playing games?

  - by Oli

  I've been playing a couple of Wine-games today and decided to switch to metacity to see what the performance difference was like. If you've never done it before, you just run metacity --replace but don't do that if you use Unity! Anyway, surprise surprise it was like playing on a dedicated Windows gaming machine. Playing under metacity today was bliss. Much higher framerates and just a fluidity that you'd expect from a native game. I'm not sure I can go back. Switching to metacity is no hardship but I wonder if there's anything else in the WM landscape that I should try out. I'm essentially looking for suggestions for the best way to play games. Mix up WMs, dedicated X sessions, whatever... As long as it makes Wine games run faster. Small print One process per answer (eg: New X session + OpenBox) We should probably land on a benchmark so we can show percentage improvement over a stock Compiz desktop. I'm open to suggestions in the comments. If people could test it and submit their how much it improves things for them in the comments, that would give others a good idea of if it's worth the pain.

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• Find directories that DON'T contain a file

  - by Oli

  Yes, I'm sorting out my music. I've got everything arranged beautifully in the following mantra: /Artist/Album/Track - Artist - Title.ext and if one exists, the cover sits in /Artist/Album/cover.(jpg|png). I want to scan through all the second-level directories and find the ones that don't have a cover. By second level, I mean I don't care if /Britney Spears/ doesn't have a cover.jpg, but I would care if /Britney Spears/In The Zone/ didn't have one. Don't worry about the cover-downloading (that's a fun project for me tomorrow) I only care about the glorious bash-fuiness about an inverse-ish find example.

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• Does an LTS desktop get any updates after three years?

  - by Oli

  In cleaning up an answer today, I noted the following: LTS desktops get updates for three years LTS servers get updates for five years An Ubuntu desktop is (essentially) a superset of server packages. So in the fourth and fifth year, if LTS Server gets Kernel updates*, are these also provided for LTS Desktop? What about other core-system stuff? I realise the Kernel is a little special because there is a -server variant but are updates pushed for -generic (et al) too?

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• Application for taking pretty screenshots (like OS X does)

  - by Oli

  I've been building a website for a guy who uses Mac OS X and occasionally he sends me screenshots of bugs. They come out looking like this: This is fairly typical of Mac screenshots. You get the window decorations, the shadow from the window and a white or transparent background (not the desktop wallpaper -- I've checked). Compare this to an Ubuntu window-shot (Alt+Print screen): It's impossible to keep a straight face and say the Ubuntu one anywhere near as elegant. My question is: Is there an application that can do this in Ubuntu? Edit: Follow up: Is there an application that can do this in one move? Shutter is pretty good but running the plugin for every screenshot is pretty tiresome as it doesn't seem to remember my preference (I want south-shadow and that requires selecting south, then clicking refresh, then save) and it's more clicks than I'd like. Is there a simple way of telling shutter I want south-shadow for all screenshots (except entire desktop and area-selection)?

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• Is is possible to get a patch included in the current release? If so, how?

  - by Oli

  So a while back I reported a bug in Compiz's Place Window plugin. It's a fairly major regression for people affected by it: mainly those using Gnome-Fallback, judging by the reports. A patch surfaced a short time later. I created a PPA for testing and everybody involved so far is reporting the issues are fixed. It even fixes another bug. I've done testing with a standard Unity desktop and can say (for my testing) no adverse effects were visible. I want to get this pushed to Ubuntu right now for two main reasons: I'm selfish. I don't want to need to update my PPA every time a new version of Compiz is pushed to 12.04. I don't want Ubuntu users seeing their windows flying around because of a silly little bug. I want this patch pushed to Ubuntu's version of Compiz as soon as possible, so we can mark these bugs fixed and move on with our lives. Whose leg do I have to hump to get this pulled into Ubuntu right now? I don't maintain this project and it's an upstream thing but it's fairly integral to Ubuntu. I could go to Compiz but I imagine that if they accept the patch, it'll be months (at least a release) before it's anywhere near Ubuntu. And when I do find the right person, how can I make the process as slick as possible for them? I want them to see my request, go "Yup, that all looks great, done" and that be it. I don't want seventeen rounds of emails addressing aspects of the patch. More importantly, I don't want to waste their time either. And what do I have to provide them? My packaging skills are... lamentable. This was my first attempt at patching a package for redistribution so I've probably made every single packaging error known to man. Will they be happy with the original patch (so they can apply it themselves) or should I repackage things so the diff/changelog is a little cleaner (it took me a few goes and the versioning is all over the place). Note: This question is about Compiz but I'd prefer if answers could address other styles of package too so we have an authoritative and comprehensive thread of how to get things fixed.

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• Where can I get the Natty kernel .config file?

  - by Oli

  I'm using Maverick with the latest available kernels on kernel.org and building them myself. Until now I've been basing my configuration off the stock Maverick kernel and accepting the make oldconfig defaults. I've been doing this for 3 major releases now so I figure I'm starting to slip behind the current "standard". I would like to re-base my kernels off the new Natty .config file. Is this available somewhere online or do I have to download the whole kernel package and extract it?

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• How can I disable the prefetch cache?

  - by Oli

  I run a few Ubuntu servers that have a load of django sites running on them. The sites and the httpd start at boot and after that (apart from me SSHing in to update it or using bzr to update websites) nothing else gets run on it. At the moment over half the ram is allocated as cache. This isn't a problem because cache usually makes space or a little bit of it slips into swap (again, this doesn't really bother me) but I don't see the need for it. Is there a quick way to disable the cache? This is more of an experiment than anything else so it would be handy to know how to turn it back on again.

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• X crashes and GNOME loses all its configuration

  - by Oli

  About every 3 days on my desktop (always on), X crashes, gdm restarts and it dumps me at a login screen. When I log in Gnome appears to have lost a lot of its settings: it plays sounds in weird places, UI elements look like they're from the 90s (GTK+ defaults) and it's generally pretty hideous. Note everything works fine. It's not like my profile doesn't exist because I can browse the internet fine (Firefox knows my bookmarks, history, passwords, etc) and my desktop is unscathed (apart from the icon theme). Manually restarting gdm doesn't fix this. I have to do a full reboot. Now I'm almost certain that this is a nvidia issue causing X to baulk (I've seen similarish threads on nvnews) and I'm happy with that (my fault for running their latest drivers all the time). What I'm concerned about is why Gnome looks so fugly. Is there anything I can do to force it to reload its settings without restarting the whole computer. Restarting is an issue for me as I run several daemons that other computers on the network depend upon. This is what I mean by ugly/fugly... Look at that scroll bar!

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• Download a file over an active SSH session

  - by Oli

  So I'm SSHed into my Ubuntu server from my Ubuntu desktop. I'm at a certain path and I want to download a file to my local filesystem (preferably the path I was at before I entered the SSH session). I could mount SSH and pull the file across by mouse but what if I was trying to get a root file and logging in by root directly is disallowed? Even if that wasn't the case (it isn't now), surely there must be a simple way of pulling back a file over an active SSH connection. Surely!

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• Drive reporting incorrect free space

  - by Oli

  So I swapped my shiny SATA SSD for an even shinier PCI-E SSD. I run my core OS on the SSD because it's silly-fast. I did this on my old SSD so I created a new EXT4 partition and then just dded the data across (sorry I don't know the exact command I ran anymore) and after reinstalling grub, I booted onto the PCI-E SSD. At first glance everything had worked perfectly and things were running faster than ever. But then I noticed the free disk space on the new, larger drive: it was almost exactly the same as it was on the other disk... A disk that was half its size. So it looks as if I've copied the files across incorrectly and it's copied some of the filesystem metadata along with it. Tools like du and Disk Usage Analyzer come back with the correct figures. Things that look at the partition (and not the files) seem to think the drive is 120GB I've been using this drive for a week now so it's way out of sync with the old SSD so dumping the data and starting again isn't a job that fills me with joy but two questions: Is there a way to fix my filesystem so it knows what it's really on about? fsck e2fsck and badblocks all seem to be able to scan it without finding a problem with it. If I do plug my old SSD back in, copy the data off my PCI-E on to it and then copy it back onto a fresh filesystem (eg juggle the data around), what's the best way of doing that? I obviously want to keep all the permissions and softlinks where they are.

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• What's the difference between set, export and env and when should I use each?

  - by Oli

  Every so often I'll bash out a bash script and it strikes me there are a few ways of setting a variable: key=value env key=value export key=value When you're inside a script or a single command (for instance, I'll often chain a variable with a Wine launcher to set the right Wine prefix) these seem to be completely interchangeable but surely that can't be the case. What's the difference between these three methods and can you give me an example of when I would specifically want to use each one? Definitely related to What is the difference between `VAR=...` and `export VAR=...`? but I want to know how env fits into this too, and some examples showing the benefits of each would be nice too :)

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• How do I find out which driver a piece of hardware is using?

  - by Oli

  Today I'm trying to figure out which driver is best for my USB wireless dongle. Everywhere I look I just see Ralink STA but this isn't telling me which module this actually is. I'm sure there's a way of looking it up but the computer should be able to tell me, shouldn't it? Meta: This question is open to any piece of hardware, not just my wireless card. It would be helpful if we had a thread of useful diagnostic procedures so that other people can find out what's going on with their hardware.

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• Hide .desktop files from shares in VirtualBox

  - by Oli

  I share my desktop with VirtualBox. It allows me to work on current files in a nice easy way. I have quite a few utility launchers on my desktop. It's only a dozen or so at peak time but it makes navigating the list of real files a little harder when I'm working from Windows. I was wondering if there was a way of excluding the files from the share. Either at VirtualBox (I've no idea where it keeps its samba configuration -- or if it actually uses samba at all for that matter) or in Windows.

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• Where can I get the 11.04 kernel .config file?

  - by Oli

  I'm using Maverick with the latest available kernels on kernel.org and building them myself. Until now I've been basing my configuration off the stock Maverick kernel and accepting the make oldconfig defaults. I've been doing this for 3 major releases now so I figure I'm starting to slip behind the current "standard". I would like to re-base my kernels off the new Natty .config file. Is this available somewhere online or do I have to download the whole kernel package and extract it? Edit: I've manually pulled in the config from the latest Natty kernel package and I can confirm that I propbably should have done this sooner. A lot of differences between my old "evolved" config and the Natty default. Now if I could just do this without 20 minutes of hunting and downloading the package so I can re-base in the future.

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• Block all but http traffic on a network interface

  - by Oli

  I've got two network interfaces on an Ubuntu machine which go out to two different networks but both have internet gateways. I need to limit it so that any outgoing http requests it makes (ie through wget) only go through eth0 and all other traffic goes through eth1. I dare say the solution might have something to do with iptables but I've no experience with it so would appreciate all help.

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• PHP cgi locks up and times out.

  - by Oli

  I've got a dozen wordpress sites hosted on a nginx/php-cgi setup. After a variable amount of time (usually not that long, and occasionally very fast) PHP locks up and after 2 minutes (the timeout I set in nginx), it get a 504 timeout. I've tried everything I can think of. I've been using an init script to launch php-cgi but I compiled out php-fpm and tried that for a day with various configurations with the same results. I've tried a low number of PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN. I've tried as high as my RAM will let me. I've tried various settings for PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS. xcache seemed to exacerbate the issue, so I removed it. The server is a VPS but it has over a gig of ram dedicated to it. All suggestions are welcome at this juncture because I'm desperate.

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• Make Nginx fail when SSL certificate not present, instead of hopping to only available certificate

  - by Oli

  I've got a bunch of websites on a server, all hosted through nginx. One site has a certificate, the others do not. Here's an example of two sites, using (fairly accurate) representations of real configuration: server { listen 80; server_name ssl.example.com; return 301 https://ssl.example.com$request_uri; } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name ssl.example.com; } server { listen 80; server_name nossl.example.com; } SSL works on ssl.example.com great. If I visit http://nossl.example.com, that works great, but if I try to visit https://nossl.example.com (note the SSL), I get ugly warnings about the certificate being for ssl.example.com. By the sounds of it, because ssl.example.com is the only site listening on port 443, all requests are being sent to it, regardless of domain name. Is there anything I can do to make sure a Nginx server directive only responds to domains it's responsible for?

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• Find which php scripts cause high CPU with php-cgi

  - by Oli

  Background: I maintain a server for a client who has half a dozen Wordpress sites on. They all have the W3 Total Cache plugin installed and eAcellerator is installed (might be APC). All the PHP sites run through a single batch of fastcgi php-cgi processes (it's actually php-fpm but I'm not sure if that makes a difference). Problem: php-cgi's CPU usage is quite high. Not terminally high but high enough to raise an eyebrow. The client wants to add more sites in the future and I want to avoid becoming CPU limited if I can help it. Question: Is there any way I can find the scripts or even just requests that are causing the high CPU. I realise I might not be able to do anything with the results but it would give me a chance.

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