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  • Strange ruby behavior when using Hash.new([])

    - by Valentin Vasilyev
    Consider this code: h=Hash.new(0) #new hash pairs will by default have 0 as values h[1]+=1 # {1=>1} h[2]+=2 # {2=>2} that's all fine, but: h=Hash.new([]) #empty array as default value h[1]<<=1 #{1=>[1]} - OK h[2]<<=2 #{1=>[1,2], 2=>[1,2]} # why ?? At this point I expect the hash to be: {1=>[1], 2=>[2]} But something goes wrong. Does anybody know what happens?

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  • How to get the top keys from a hash by value

    - by Kirs Kringle
    I have a hash that I sorted by values greatest to least. How would I go about getting the top 5? There was a post on here that talked about getting only one value. What is the easiest way to get a key with the highest value from a hash in Perl? I understand that so would lets say getting those values add them to an array and delete the element in the hash and then do the process again? Seems like there should be an easier way to do this then that though. My hash is called %words. use strict; use warnings; use Tk; #Learn to install here: http://factscruncher.blogspot.com/2012/01/easy-way-to-install-tk- on-strawberry.html #Reading in the text file my $file0 = Tk::MainWindow->new->Tk::getOpenFile; open( my $filehandle0, '<', $file0 ) || die "Could not open $file0\n"; my @words; while ( my $line = <$filehandle0> ) { chomp $line; my @word = split( /\s+/, lc($line)); push( @words, @word ); } for (@words) { s/[\,|\.|\!|\?|\:|\;|\"]//g; } #Counting words that repeat; put in hash my %words_count; $words_count{$_}++ for @words; #Reading in the stopwords file my $file1 = "stoplist.txt"; open( my $filehandle1, '<', $file1 ) or die "Could not open $file1\n"; my @stopwords; while ( my $line = <$filehandle1> ) { chomp $line; my @linearray = split( " ", $line ); push( @stopwords, @linearray ); } for my $w ( my @stopwords ) { s/\b\Q$w\E\B//ig; } #Comparing the array to Hash and deleteing stopwords my %words = %words_count; for my $stopwords ( @stopwords ) { delete $words{ $stopwords }; } #Sorting Hash Table my @keys = sort { $words{$b} <=> $words{$a} or "\L$a" cmp "\L$b" } keys %words; #Starting Statistical Work my $value_count = 0; my $key_count = 0; #Printing Hash Table $key_count = keys %words; foreach my $key (@keys) { $value_count = $words{$key} + $value_count; printf "%-20s %6d\n", $key, $words{$key}; } my $value_average = $value_count / $key_count; #my @topwords; #foreach my $key (@keys){ #if($words{$key} > $value_average){ # @topwords = keys %words; # } #} print "\n", "The number of values: ", $value_count, "\n"; print "The number of elements: ", $key_count, "\n"; print "The Average: ", $value_average, "\n\n";

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  • Python hash() can't handle long integer?

    - by Xie
    I defined a class: class A: ''' hash test class a = A(9, 1196833379, 1, 1773396906) hash(a) -340004569 This is weird, 12544897317L expected. ''' def __init__(self, a, b, c, d): self.a = a self.b = b self.c = c self.d = d def __hash__(self): return self.a * self.b + self.c * self.d Why, in the doctest, hash() function gives a negative integer?

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  • Perfect hash in Scala.

    - by Lukasz Lew
    I have some class C: class C (...) { ... } I want to use it to index an efficient map. The most efficient map is an Array. So I add a "global" "static" counter in companion object to give each object unique id: object C { var id_counter = 0 } In primary constructor of C, with each creation of C I want to remember global counter value and increase it. Question 1: How to do it? Now I can use id in C objects as perfect hash to index array. But array does not preserve type information like map would, that a given array is indexed by C's id. Question 2: Is it possible to have it with type safety?

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  • Are there any working implementations of the rolling hash function used in the Rabin-Karp string sea

    - by c14ppy
    I'm looking to use a rolling hash function so I can take hashes of n-grams of a very large string. For example: "stackoverflow", broken up into 5 grams would be: "stack", "tacko", "ackov", "ckove", "kover", "overf", "verfl", "erflo", "rflow" This is ideal for a rolling hash function because after I calculate the first n-gram hash, the following ones are relatively cheap to calculate because I simply have to drop the first letter of the first hash and add the new last letter of the second hash. I know that in general this hash function is generated as: H = c1ak - 1 + c2ak - 2 + c3ak - 3 + ... + cka0 where a is a constant and c1,...,ck are the input characters. If you follow this link on the Rabin-Karp string search algorithm , it states that "a" is usually some large prime. I want my hashes to be stored in 32 bit integers, so how large of a prime should "a" be, such that I don't overflow my integer? Does there exist an existing implementation of this hash function somewhere that I could already use? Here is an implementation I created: public class hash2 { public int prime = 101; public int hash(String text) { int hash = 0; for(int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) { char c = text.charAt(i); hash += c * (int) (Math.pow(prime, text.length() - 1 - i)); } return hash; } public int rollHash(int previousHash, String previousText, String currentText) { char firstChar = previousText.charAt(0); char lastChar = currentText.charAt(currentText.length() - 1); int firstCharHash = firstChar * (int) (Math.pow(prime, previousText.length() - 1)); int hash = (previousHash - firstCharHash) * prime + lastChar; return hash; } public static void main(String[] args) { hash2 hashify = new hash2(); int firstHash = hashify.hash("mydog"); System.out.println(firstHash); System.out.println(hashify.hash("ydogr")); System.out.println(hashify.rollHash(firstHash, "mydog", "ydogr")); } } I'm using 101 as my prime. Does it matter if my hashes will overflow? I think this is desirable but I'm not sure. Does this seem like the right way to go about this?

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  • How to map hash keys to methods for an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model)?

    - by user502052
    I am using Ruby on Rails 3 and I am tryng to map a hash (key, value pairs) to an encapsulated Ruby class (tableless model) making the hash key as a class method that returns the value. In the model file I have class Users::Account #< ActiveRecord::Base def initialize(attributes = {}) @id = attributes[:id] @firstname = attributes[:firstname] @lastname = attributes[:lastname] end end def self.to_model(account) JSON.parse(account) end My hash is hash = {\"id\":2,\"firstname\":\"Name_test\",\"lastname\":\"Surname_test\"} I can make account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) that returns (debugging) --- id: 2 firstname: Name_test lastname: Surname_test That works, but if I do account.id I get this error NoMethodError in Users/accountsController#new undefined method `id' for #<Hash:0x00000104cda410> I think because <Hash:0x00000104cda410> is an hash (!) and not the class itself. Also I think that doing account = Users::Account.to_model(hash) is not the right approach. What is wrong? How can I "map" those hash keys to class methods?

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  • How do I design a cryptographic hash function?

    - by Eyal
    After reading the following about why one-way hash functions are one-way, I would like to know how to design a hash function. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1038307/help-me-better-understand-cryptographic-hash-functions/1047106#1047106 Before everyone gets on my case: Yes, I know that it's a bad idea to not use a proven and tested hash function. I would still like to know how it's done. I'm familiar with Feistel-network ciphers but those are necessarily reversible, horrible for a cryptographic hash. Is there some sort of construction that is well-used in cryptographic hashing? Something that makes it very one-way?

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  • C++ converting hexadecimal md5 hash to decimal integer

    - by Zackery
    I'm doing Elgamal Signature Scheme and I need to use the decimal hash value from the message to compute S for signature generation. string hash = md5(message); cout << hash << endl; NTL::ZZ msgHash = strtol(hash.c_str(), NULL, 16); cout << msgHash << endl; There are no integer large enough to contain the value of 32 byte hexadecimal hash, and so I tried big integer from NTL library but it didn't work out because you cannot assign long integer to NTL::ZZ type. Is there any good solution to this? I'm doing this with visual C++ in Visual Studio 2013.

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  • How to sort a hash by value in descending order and output a hash in ruby?

    - by tipsywacky
    output.sort_by {|k, v| v}.reverse and for keys h = {"a"=>1, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "d"=>4} => {"a"=>1, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "d"=>4} Hash[h.sort] Right now I have these two. But I'm trying to sort hash in descending order by value so that it will return => {"d"=>4, "c"=>3, "b"=>2, "a"=>1 } Thanks in advance. Edit: let me post the whole code. def count_words(str) # YOUR CODE HERE output = Hash.new(0) sentence = str.gsub(/,/, "").gsub(/'/,"").gsub(/-/, "").downcase words = sentence.split() words.each do |item| output[item] += 1 end puts Hash[output.sort_by{ |_, v| -v }] return Hash[output.sort_by{|k, v| v}.reverse] end

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  • Rails 3 : create two dimensional hash and add values from a loop

    - by John
    I have two models : class Project < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :ticket attr_accessible .... end class Ticket < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :project attr_accessible done_date, description, .... end In my ProjectsController I would like to create a two dimensional hash to get in one variable for one project all tickets that are done (with done_date as key and description as value). For example i would like a hash like this : What i'm looking for : @tickets_of_project = ["done_date_1" => ["a", "b", "c"], "done_date_2" => ["d", "e"]] And what i'm currently trying (in ProjectsController) ... def show # Get current project @project = Project.find(params[:id]) # Get all dones tickets for a project, order by done_date @tickets = Ticket.where(:project_id => params[:id]).where("done_date IS NOT NULL").order(:done_date) # Create a new hash @tickets_of_project = Hash.new {} # Make a loop on all tickets, and want to complete my hash @tickets.each do |ticket| # TO DO #HOW TO PUT ticket.value IN "tickets_of_project" WITH KEY = ticket.done_date ??** end end I don't know if i'm in a right way or not (maybe use .map instead of make a where query), but how can I complete and put values in hash by checking index if already exist or not ? Thanx :)

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  • PHP hashing function not working properly

    - by Jordan Foreman
    So I read a quick PHP login system securing article, and was trying to sort of duplicate their hashing method, and during testing, am not getting the proper output. Here is my code: function decryptPassword($pw, $salt){ $hash = hash('sha256', $salt . hash('sha256', $pw)); return $hash; } function encryptPassword($pw){ $hash = hash('sha256', $pw); $salt = substr(md5(uniqid(rand(), true)), 0, 3); $hash = hash('sha265', $salt . $hash); return array( 'salt' => $salt, 'hash' => $hash ); } And here is my testing code: $pw = $_GET['pw']; $enc = encryptPassword($pw); $hash = $enc['hash']; $salt = $enc['salt']; echo 'Pass: ' . $pw . '<br />'; echo 'Hash: ' . $hash . '<br />'; echo 'Salt: ' . $salt . '<br />'; echo 'Decrypt: ' . decryptPassword($hash, $salt); Now, the output of this should be pretty obvious, but unfortunately, the $hash variable always comes out empty! I'm trying to figure out what the problem could be, and my only guess would be the second $hash assignment line in the encryptPassword(..) function. After a little testing, I've determined that the first assignment works smoothly, but the second does not. Any suggestions? Thanks SO!

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  • Removing duplicates without overriding hash method

    - by Javi
    Hello, I have a List which contains a list of objects and I want to remove from this list all the elements which have the same values in two of their attributes. I had though about doing something like this: List<Class1> myList; .... Set<Class1> mySet = new HashSet<Class1>(); mySet.addAll(myList); and overriding hash method in Class1 so it returns a number which depends only in the attributes I want to consider. The problem is that I need to do a different filtering in another part of the application so I can't override hash method in this way (I would need two different hash methods). What's the most efficient way of doing this filtering without overriding hash method? Thanks

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  • Boo: Explicitly specifying the type of a hash

    - by Kiv
    I am new to Boo, and trying to figure out how to declare the type of a hash. When I do: myHash = {} myHash[key] = value (later) myHash[key].method() the compiler complains that "method is not a member of object". I gather that it doesn't know what type the value in the hash is. Is there any way I can declare to the compiler what type the keys and values of the hash are so that it won't complain?

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  • iPhone: fast hash function for storing web images (url) as files (hashed filenames)

    - by Stefan Klumpp
    What is a fast hash function available for the iPhone to hash web urls (images)? I'd like to store the cached web image as a file with a hash as the filename, because I suppose the raw web url could contain strange characters that could cause problems on the file system. The hash function doesn't need to be cryptographic, but it definitely needs to be fast. Example: Input: http://www.calumetphoto.com/files/iccprofiles/icc-test-image.jpg Output: 3573ed9c4d3a5b093355b2d8a1468509 This was done by using MD5(), but since I don't know much about that topic I don't know if it is overkill (- slow).

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  • Get number of times in loop over Hash object

    - by Matt Huggins
    I have an object of type Hash that I want to loop over via hash.each do |key, value|. I would like to get the number of times I've been through the loop starting at 1. Is there a method similar to each that provides this (while still providing the hash key/value data), or do I need to create another counter variable to increment within the loop?

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  • Suggestions for library to hash passwords in JAVA

    - by DutrowLLC
    What JAVA library should I be using to Hash passwords for storage in a database? I was hoping to just take the plain text password, add a random salt, then store the salt and the hashed password in the database. Then when a user wanted to log in, I could just take their submitted password, add the random salt from their account information, hash it and see if it equates to the stored hash password with their account information.

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  • csv to hash data structure conversion using perl

    - by Kavya S
    1. Convert a .csv file to perlhash data structure Format of a .csv file: sw,s1,s2,s3,s4 ver,v1,v2,v3,v4 msword,v2,v3,v1,v1 paint,v4,v2,v3,v3 outlook,v1,v1,v3,v2 my perl script: #!/usr/local/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my %hash; open my $fh, '<', 'some_file.csv' or die "Cannot open: $!"; while (my $line = <$fh>) { $line =~ s/,,/-/; chomp ($line); my @array = split /,/, $line; my $key = shift @array; $hash{$key} = $line; $hash{$key} = \@array; } print Dumper(\%hash); close $fh; perl hash i.e output should look like: $sw_ver_db = { s1 => { msword => {ver => v2}, paint => {ver => v4}, outlook => {ver => v1}, }, s2 => { msword => {ver => v3}, paint => {ver => v2}, outlook => {ver => v1}, }, s3 => { msword => {ver =>v1}, paint => {ver =>v3}, outlook => {ver =>v3}, }, s4 => { msword => {ver =>v1}, paint => {ver =>v3}, outlook => {ver =>v2}, }, };

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  • Python program to search for specific strings in hash values (coding help)

    - by Diego
    Trying to write a code that searches hash values for specific string's (input by user) and returns the hash if searchquery is present in that line. Doing this to kind of just learn python a bit more, but it could be a real world application used by an HR department to search a .csv resume database for specific words in each resume. I'd like this program to look through a .csv file that has three entries per line (id#;applicant name;resume text) I set it up so that it creates a hash, then created a string for the resume text hash entry, and am trying to use the .find() function to return the entire hash for each instance. What i'd like is if the word "gpa" is used as a search query and it is found in s['resumetext'] for three applicants(rows in .csv file), it prints the id, name, and resume for every row that has it.(All three applicants) As it is right now, my program prints the first row in the .csv file(print resume['id'], resume['name'], resume['resumetext']) no matter what the searchquery is, whether it's in the resumetext or not. lastly, are there better ways to doing this, by searching word documents, pdf's and .txt files in a folder for specific words using python (i've just started reading about the re module and am wondering if this may be the route, rather than putting everything in a .csv file.) def find_details(id2find): resumes_f=open("resume_data.csv") for each_line in resumes_f: s={} (s['id'], s['name'], s['resumetext']) = each_line.split(";") resumetext = str(s['resumetext']) if resumetext.find(id2find): return(s) else: print "No data matches your search query. Please try again" searchquery = raw_input("please enter your search term") resume = find_details(searchquery) if resume: print resume['id'], resume['name'], resume['resumetext']

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  • How to hash and salt passwords

    - by Henrik Skogmo
    I realize that this topic have been brought up sometimes, but I find myself not entirely sure on the topic just yet. What I am wondering about how do you salt a hash and work with the salted hash? If the password is encrypted with a random generated salt, how can the we verify it when the user tries to authenticate? Do we need to store the generated hash in our database as well? Is there any specific way the salt preferably should be generated? Which encryption method is favored to be used? From what I hear sha256 is quite alright. And lastly, would it be an idea to have the hash "re-salted" when the user authenticates? Thank you!

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  • Hash default value not being used

    - by ba
    Today I tried the following snippets of code and I don't understand why I get different results between them. As far as I can understand they are the same. One uses the default value off Hash and the other snippet creates an empty array for the key before it'll be accessed. Anyone who understands what's going on? :) # Hash default if the key doesn't have a value set is an empty Array a = Hash.new([]) a[:key] << 2 # => [2] p a # => {} nil p a[:key] # => [2] # Explicitly add an array for all nodes before creating b = Hash.new b[:key] ||= [] b[:key] << 2 # => [2] p b # => {:key=>[2]}

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  • Built in python hash() function

    - by sm1
    Windows XP, Python 2.5: hash('http://stackoverflow.com') Result: 1934711907 Google App Engine (http://shell.appspot.com/): hash('http://stackoverflow.com') Result: -5768830964305142685 Why is that? How can I have a hash function which will give me same results across different platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac)?

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  • Remove the hash after Ajax loading (I'm ajaxing wordpress 8-) )

    - by Alberto
    Hi everybody, I followed this great tutorial to"ajax" my blog:http://www.deluxeblogtips.com/2010/05/how-to-ajaxify-wordpress-theme.html But it creates some problems and I think the problem is in the hash that ajax creates. So, after the content is loaded, how can I remove the hash from the url? I copy my code here: jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var $mainContent = $("#content"), siteUrl = "http://" + top.location.host.toString(), url = ''; $(document).delegate("a[href^='"+siteUrl+"']:not([href*=/wp-admin/]):not([href*=/wp-login.php]):not([href$=/feed/]):not([href*=/go.php]):not(.comment-reply-link)", "click", function() { location.hash = this.pathname; $('html, body').animate({scrollTop:0}, 'fast'); return false; }); $("#searchform").submit(function(e) { location.hash = '?s=' + $("#search").val(); e.preventDefault(); }); $(window).bind('hashchange', function(){ url = window.location.hash.substring(1); if (!url) { return; } url = url + " #inside"; $mainContent.html('<div id="loader">Caricamento in corso...</div>').load(url, function() { //$mainContent.animate({opacity: "1"}); scriptss(); }); }); $(window).trigger('hashchange'); }); Thank all very much!

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