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• How to serve static files for multiple Django projects via nginx to same domain

  - by thanley

  I am trying to setup my nginx conf so that I can serve the relevant files for my multiple Django projects. Ultimately I want each app to be available at www.example.com/app1, www.example.com/app2 etc. They all serve static files from a 'static-files' directory located in their respective project root. The project structure: Home Ubuntu Web www.example.com ref logs app app1 app1 static bower_components templatetags app1_project templates static-files app2 app2 static templates templatetags app2_project static-files app3 tests templates static-files static app3_project app3 venv When I use the conf below, there are no problems for serving the static-files for the app that I designate in the /static/ location. I can also access the different apps found at their locations. However, I cannot figure out how to serve all of the static files for all the apps at the same time. I have looked into using the 'try_files' command for the static location, but cannot figure out how to see if it is working or not. Nginx Conf - Only serving static files for one app: server { listen 80; server_name example.com; server_name www.example.com; access_log /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/logs/access.log; error_log /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/logs/error.log; root /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/; location /static/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app1/static-files/; } location /media/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/media/; } location /app1/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app1; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app1.sock; } location /app2/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app2; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app2.sock; } location /app3/ { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /app3; uwsgi_modifier1 30; uwsgi_pass unix:///home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app3.sock; } # what to serve if upstream is not available or crashes error_page 400 /static/400.html; error_page 403 /static/403.html; error_page 404 /static/404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /static/500.html; # Compression gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_proxied any; gzip_min_length 1100; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; # Some version of IE 6 don't handle compression well on some mime-types, # so just disable for them gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)"; # Set a vary header so downstream proxies don't send cached gzipped # content to IE6 gzip_vary on; } Essentially I want to have something like (I know this won't work) location /static/ { alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app1/static-files/; alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app2/static-files/; alias /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/app3/static-files/; } or (where it can serve the static files based on the uri) location /static/ { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } So basically, if I use try_files like above, is the problem in my project directory structure? Or am I totally off base on this and I need to put each app in a subdomain instead of going this route? Thanks for any suggestions TLDR: I want to go to: www.example.com/APP_NAME_HERE And have nginx serve the static location: /home/ubuntu/web/www.example.com/app/APP_NAME_HERE/static-files/;

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• Constructor being called again?

  - by Halo

  I have this constructor; public UmlDiagramEntity(ReportElement reportElement, int pageIndex, Controller controller) { super(reportElement.getX1(), reportElement.getY1(), reportElement.getX2(), reportElement.getY2()); setLayout(null); this.pageIndex = pageIndex; this.controller = controller; reportElements = reportElement.getInternalReportElements(); components = new ArrayList<AbstractEntity>(); changedComponentIndex = -1; PageListener p = new PageListener(); this.addMouseMotionListener(p); this.addMouseListener(p); setPage(); } And I have an update method in the same class; @Override public void update(ReportElement reportElement) { if (changedComponentIndex == -1) { super.update(reportElement); } else { reportElements = reportElement.getInternalReportElements(); if (components.size() == reportElements.size()) { if (!isCommitted) { if (reportElement.getType() == ReportElementType.UmlRelation) { if (checkInvolvementAndSet(changedComponentIndex)) { anchorEntity(changedComponentIndex); } else { resistChanges(changedComponentIndex); } return; } } ..................goes on When I follow the flow from the debugger, I see that when update is called, somewhere in the method, the program goes into the constructor and executes it all over again (super, pageIndex, etc.). Why does it go to the constructor :D I didn't tell it to go there. I can make a deeper analysis and see where it goes to the constructor if you want. By the way, changedComponentIndex is a static variable.

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• C++ copy constructor function question

  - by Tim

  Hi, I wonder if there is something wrong with the copy constructor function below? class A { private: int m; public: A(A a){m=a.m} } Thanks and regards!

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• Don't Use "Static" in C#?

  - by Joshiatto

  I submitted an application I wrote to some other architects for code review. One of them almost immediately wrote me back and said "Don't use "static". You can't write automated tests with static classes and methods. "Static" is to be avoided." I checked and fully 1/4 of my classes are marked "static". I use static when I am not going to create an instance of a class because the class is a single global class used throughout the code. He went on to mention something involving mocking, IOC/DI techniques that can't be used with static code. He says it is unfortunate when 3rd party libraries are static because of their un-testability. Is this other architect correct? update: here is an example: APIManager - this class keeps dictionaries of 3rd party APIs I am calling along with the next allowed time. It enforces API usage limits that a lot of 3rd parties have in their terms of service. I use it anywhere I am calling a 3rd party service by calling Thread.Sleep(APIManager.GetWait("ProviderXYZ")); before making the call. Everything in here is thread safe and it works great with the TPL in C#.

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• How to deal with static utility classes when designing for testability

  - by Benedikt

  We are trying to design our system to be testable and in most parts developed using TDD. Currently we are trying to solve the following problem: In various places it is necessary for us to use static helper methods like ImageIO and URLEncoder (both standard Java API) and various other libraries that consist mostly of static methods (like the Apache Commons libraries). But it is extremely difficult to test those methods that use such static helper classes. I have several ideas for solving this problem: Use a mock framework that can mock static classes (like PowerMock). This may be the simplest solution but somehow feels like giving up. Create instantiable wrapper classes around all those static utilities so they can be injected into the classes that use them. This sounds like a relatively clean solution but I fear we'll end up creating an awful lot of those wrapper classes. Extract every call to these static helper classes into a function that can be overridden and test a subclass of the class I actually want to test. But I keep thinking that this just has to be a problem that many people have to face when doing TDD - so there must already be solutions for this problem. What is the best strategy to keep classes that use these static helpers testable?

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• Static initializer in Java

  - by Szere Dyeri

  My question is about one particular usage of static keyword. It is possible to use static keyword to cover a code block within a class which does not belong to any function. For example following code compiles: public class Test { private static final int a; static { a = 5; doSomething(a); } private static int doSomething(int x) { return (x+5); } } If you remove the static keyword it complains because the variable a is final. However it is possible to remove both final and static keywords and make it compile. It is confusing for me in both ways. How am I supposed to have a code section that does not belong to any method? How is it possible to invoke it? In general, what is the purpose of this usage? Or better, where can I find documentation about this?

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• serving static assets via http is really slow compared to sshfs (apache2/nginx)

  - by s1lv3r

  After migrating to a new VPS I had some users complaining about slow loading images on their sites. After creating some test files with dd I realized that I can download all files via sshfs with full speed while downloads via web are painfully slow. The larger the file is and the longer the transfer takes, the slower the transfer speed gets. I thought I had some problems with Apache and just spend the whole evening with replacing Apache2 against nginx for static file serving - with no effect at all. No I/O wait states in top. Tons of RAM free, no high CPU utilization and hdparm shows a decent I/O performance at all times. I just have no idea anymore, what's happening on this server. This is a link to a demo file: http://master.dealux.de/file.tgz Anybody an idea what I can check out?

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• Google Analytics on Static Site Hosted by GAE

  - by Cody Hess

  I finagled hosting a static site on Google App Engine at http://corbyhaas.com The HTML when visiting the URL shows some meta information and a frame to the site's actual address: http://cody-static-sites.appspot.com/corbyhaas which has the content. This is done automagically by Google App Engine. I've set up Google Analytics by including their script in my index.html, but the report shows 100% of visits coming from referring site "corbyhaas.com", which is useless information. Has anyone set up Google Analytics for a static GAE site? Is there a setting in my Analytics dashboard I can tweak, or is this a hazard of using Google App Engine for static content? Also, while it's not relevant here (but could be for future sites), does GAE's method of showing only meta information with frames for static data affect SEO?

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• Do private static methods in C# hurt anything?

  - by fish

  I created a private validation method for a certain validation that happens multiple times in my class (I can't store the validated data for various reasons). Now, ReSharper suggests that the function could be made static. I'm a little reluctant to do so due known problems with static methods. It would be a private static method. My question is, can private static methods cause similar coupling and testing problems like public static methods? Is it a bad practice? I would guess not, but I'm not sure if there is a pitfall here.

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• To static or not to static

  - by Idsa

  I really like to use static methods (especially for helpers classes). But as static methods are not stubbable, eventually they are a bad practice, aren't they? So I have to choose between static methods usage convenience and testability. Is there any compromise?

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• Static property references non-static method

  - by rhj4

  How can a static property reference a nonstatic method? Example: public static int UserID { get { return GetUserID(); } } private int GetUserID() { return 1; } When I try to compile this, I get the error: "An object reference is required for he non-static field, method or property "GetUserID()"

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• [C++]Advantage of using a static member function instead of an equivalent non-static member function

  - by jonathanasdf

  I was wondering whether there's any advantages to using a static member function when there is a non-static equivalent. Will it result in faster execution (because of not having to care about all of the member variables), or maybe less use of memory (because of not being included in all instances)? Basically, the function I'm looking at is an utility function to rotate an integer array representing pixel colours an arbitrary number of degrees around an arbitrary centre point. It is placed in my abstract Bullet base class, since only the bullets will be using it and I didn't want the overhead of calling it in some utility class. It's a bit too long and used in every single derived bullet class, making it probably not a good idea to inline. How would you suggest I define this function? As a static member function of Bullet, of a non-static member function of Bullet, or maybe not as a member of Bullet but defined outside of the class in Bullet.h? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• non-static variable cannot be referenced from a static context (java)

  - by Greg

  I ask that you ignore all logic.. i was taught poorly at first and so i still dont understand everything about static crap and its killing me. My error is with every single variable that i declare then try to use later inside my methods... i get the non-static variable cannot~~ error I can simply put all the rough coding of my methods inside my cases, and it works but then i cannot use recursion... What i really need is someone to help on the syntax and point me on the right direction of how to have my methods recognize my variables at the top... like compareCount etc thanks public class MyProgram7 { public static void main (String[]args) throws IOException{ Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int compareCount = 0; int low = 0; int high = 0; int mid = 0; int key = 0; Scanner temp; int[]list; String menu, outputString; int option = 1; boolean found = false; // Prompt the user to select an option menu = "\n\t1 Reads file" + "\n\t2 Finds a specific number in the list" + "\n\t3 Prints how many comparisons were needed" + "\n\t0 Quit\n\n\n"; System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); // Keep reading data until the user enters 0 while (option != 0) { switch (option) { case 1: readFile(); break; case 2: findKey(list,low,high,key); break; case 3: printCount(); break; default: outputString = "\nInvalid Selection\n"; System.out.println(outputString); break; }//end of switch System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); }//end of while }//end of main public static void readFile() { int i = 0; temp = new Scanner(new File("CS1302_Data7_2010.txt")); while(temp.hasNext()) { list[i]= temp.nextInt(); i++; }//end of while temp.close(); System.out.println("File Found..."); }//end of readFile() public static void findKey() { while(found!=true) { while(key < 100 || key > 999) { System.out.println("Please enter the number you would like to search for? ie 350: "); key = scan.nextInt(); }//end of inside while //base if (low <= high) { mid = ((low+high)/2); if (key == list[mid]) { found = true; compareCount++; }//end of inside if }//end of outside if else if (key < list[mid]) { compareCount++; high = mid-1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else if else { compareCount++; low = mid+1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else }//end of outside while }//end of findKey() public static void printCount() { System.out.println("Total number of comparisons is: " + compareCount); }//end of printCount }//end of class

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• Regarding C Static/Non Static Float Arrays (Xcode, Objective C)

  - by user1875290

  Basically I have a class method that returns a float array. If I return a static array I have the problem of it being too large or possibly even too small depending on the input parameter as the size of the array needed depends on the input size. If I return just a float array[arraysize] I have the size problem solved but I have other problems. Say for example I address each element of the non-static float array individually e.g. NSLog(@"array[0] %f array[1] %f array[2] %f",array[0],array[1],array[2]); It prints the correct values for the array. However if I instead use a loop e.g. for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"array[%i] %f",i,array[i]); } I get some very strange numbers (apart from the last index, oddly). Why do these two things produce different results? I'm aware that its bad practice to simply return a non static float, but even so, these two means of addressing the array look the same to me. Relevant code from class method (for non-static version)... float array[arraysize]; //many lines of code later if (weShouldStoreValue == true) { array[index] = theFloat; index = index + 1; } //more lines of code later return array; Note that it returns a (float*).

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• Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable

  - by kaiwii ho

  Here is the whole code : import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test{ ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>arraylist=new ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>(){ @Override protected ArrayList<E> initialValue() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //return super.initialValue(); ArrayList<E>arraylist=new ArrayList<E>(); for(int i=0;i<=20;i++) arraylist.add((E) new Integer(i)); return arraylist; } }; class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ private Test mytest; public MyRunnable(Test test){ mytest=test; // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); ArrayList<E>myarraylist=(ArrayList<E>) mytest.arraylist.get(); myarraylist.add((E) new Double(Math.random())); mytest.arraylist.set(myarraylist); System.out.println("after"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); } // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public static void main(String[] args){ Test test=new Test<Double>(); System.out.println(test.arraylist.toString()); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); System.out.println(arraylist.toString()); } } my questions are: 1\ why the new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); cause the error: Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable ? 2\ what is the static reference refer to right here? thx in advanced

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• Most scalable way of serving a small set of static HTTP content

  - by Ekevoo

  The story: Hi guys. I'm among the people responsible for serving the results of the most anticipated (by number of people participating) annual entrance exam in my state. As such, when our results are published, the interest is overwhelming. In the past we delegated the responsibility of serving the results to the media, but that spoils a little the officialness of these results. This year we went with a little (long overdue) experiment of using lighttpd instead of Apache as well as other physical network optimizations I wasn't directly involved with. The results were very satisfactory. The server didn't choke even once, nor we saw any of the usual Twitter complaints on unavailability and/or slowness that were previously common. However, because we still delegated the first publication of the results to the media I'm still not 100% sure we can handle the load of actually publishing the results first. The question: Now because these files are like 14MB in total and a true lightweight Linux distribution isn't that big either, I'm thinking: what if next year we run full RAMdrive? Is there any? Is that useful? Is that worth it for a team that uses Debian almost exclusively? Are there other optimizations that I should be focusing on instead?

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• Linux, static lib referring to other static lib within an executable

  - by andras

  Hello, I am creating an application, which consists of two static libs and an executable. Let's call the two static libs: libusefulclass.a libcore.a And the application: myapp libcore instantiates and uses the class defined in libusefulclass (let's call it UsefulClass) Now, if I link the application in the following way: g++ -m64 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.4/lib -o myapp src1.o src2.o srcN.o -lusefulclass -lcore The linker complains about the methods in libusefulclass not being found: undefined reference to `UsefulClass::foo()' etc. I found a workaround for this: If UsefulClass is also instantiated within the source files of the executable itself, the application is linked without any problems. My question is: is there a more clean way to make libcore refer to methods defined in libusefulclass, or static libs just cannot be linked against eachother? TIA P.S.: In case that matters: the application is being developed in C++ using Qt, but I feel this is not a Qt problem, but a library problem in general.

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• Building iPhone static library for armv6 and armv7 that includes another static library

  - by Martijn Thé

  Hi, I have an Xcode project that has a "master" static library target, that includes/links to a bunch of other static libraries from other Xcode projects. When building the master library target for "Optimized (armv6 armv7)", an error occurs in the last phase, during the CreateUniversalBinary step. For each .o file of the libraries that is included by the master library, the following error is reported (for example, the FBConnectGlobal.o file): warning for architecture: armv6 same member name (FBConnectGlobal.o) in output file used for input files: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv6/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) and: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv7/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) due to use of basename, truncation and blank padding In the end, Xcode tells that the build has succeeded. However, when using the final static library in an application project, it won't build because it finds duplicate symbols in one part of build (armv6) and misses symbols in the other part of the build (armv7). Any ideas how to fix this? M

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• Visibility of reintroduced constructor

  - by avenmore

  I have reintroduced the form constructor in a base form, but if I override the original constructor in a descendant form, the reintroduced constructor is no longer visible. type TfrmA = class(TForm) private FWndParent: HWnd; public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent; const AWndParent: Hwnd); reintroduce; overload; virtual; end; constructor TfrmA.Create(AOwner: TComponent; const AWndParent: Hwnd); begin FWndParent := AWndParent; inherited Create(AOwner); end; type TfrmB = class(TfrmA) private public end; type TfrmC = class(TfrmB) private public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override; end; constructor TfrmC.Create(AOwner: TComponent); begin inherited Create(AOwner); end; When creating: frmA := TfrmA.Create(nil, 0); frmB := TfrmB.Create(nil, 0); frmC := TfrmC.Create(nil, 0); // Compiler error My work-around is to override the reintroduced constructor or to declare the original constructor overloaded, but I'd like to understand the reason for this behavior. type TfrmA = class(TForm) private FWndParent: HWnd; public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); overload; override; constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent; const AWndParent: Hwnd); reintroduce; overload; virtual; end; type TfrmC = class(TfrmB) private public constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent; const AWndParent: Hwnd); override; end;

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• Is a Java static block equivalent to a C3 static constructor?

  - by Mackenzie

  What is the real difference between a C# static constructor and a Java static block? They both must be parameterless. They are both called only once, when the related class is first used. Am I missing something, or are they the same thing, just with different names?

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• Google Analytics setting cookies on static content despite being on entirely separate domain

  - by Donald Jenkins

  I recently decided to comply with the YSlow recommendation that static content is hosted on a cookieless domain. As I already use the root of my domain (donaldjenkins.com) to host my website—on which Google Analytics sets a few cookies—that meant I had to move the CNAME URL for the CDN serving the static files from cdn.donaldjenkins.com to an entirely separate, dedicated domain. I purchased cdn.dj (yes, it's a real Djibouti domain name), hosted the files on the root (which contains nothing else, other than a robots.txt file) and set a CNAME of e.cdn.dj for the CDN. This setup works, but I was rather surprised to find that YSlow was still flagging the static files for not being cookie-free: here's a screenshot: The cdn.djdomain was new, and was never used for anything other than hosting these static files. Running httpfox on the site shows the _utma and _utmz Google Analytics cookies are being set on the static files listed above—despite their being hosted on an entirely separate, dedicated domain. Here's my Google Analytics code: //Google Analytics tracking code var _gaq=[['_setAccount','UA-5245947-5'],['_trackPageview']]; (function(d,t){var g=d.createElement(t),s=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; g.src=('https:'==location.protocol?'//ssl':'//www')+'.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s)}(document,'script')); // [END] Google Analytics tracking code I'm not obsessing about this issue—I know it's not really affecting server performance—but I'd like to just understand what is causing it not to go away...

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• Script + template to generate static web site?

  - by user702

  After giving it more thought, I don't actually need a PHP-based CMS for a small, static web site. Does someone know of a good solution that can run on Windows that would take basic HTML pages and JPG pictures, combine those with a template, and generate a static site ready to be FTPed to an web server? Thank you. Edit: For those looking for the same information, here's some well-known tools to create a static site: http://get-simple.info/ http://gpeasy.com/How_Easy http://textpattern.com/features http://nanoc.stoneship.org/ http://www.movabletype.com/

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• get static initialization block to run in a java without loading the class

  - by TP

  I have a few classes as shown here public class TrueFalseQuestion implements Question{ static{ QuestionFactory.registerType("TrueFalse", "Question"); } public TrueFalseQuestion(){} } ... public class QuestionFactory { static final HashMap<String, String > map = new HashMap<String,String>(); public static void registerType(String questionName, String ques ) { map.put(questionName, ques); } } public class FactoryTester { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(QuestionFactory.map.size()); // This prints 0. I want it to print 1 } } How can I change TrueFalseQuestion Type so that the static method is always run so that I get 1 instead of 0 when I run my main method? I do not want any change in the main method. I am actually trying to implement the factory patterns where the subclasses register with the factory but i have simplified the code for this question.

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• Call static properties within another class in php

  - by ali A

  I have problem about calling a static property of a class inside another class. Class A { public $property; public function __construct( $prop ) { $this->property = $prop; } public function returnValue(){ return static::$this->property; } } Class B extends A { public static $property_one = 'This is first property'; public static $property_two = 'This is second property'; } $B = new B( 'property_one' ); $B->returnValue(); I expect to return This is first property But the Output is just the name a parameter input in __construct; When I print_r( static::$this->property ); the output is just property_one

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