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• Do private static methods in C# hurt anything?

  - by fish

  I created a private validation method for a certain validation that happens multiple times in my class (I can't store the validated data for various reasons). Now, ReSharper suggests that the function could be made static. I'm a little reluctant to do so due known problems with static methods. It would be a private static method. My question is, can private static methods cause similar coupling and testing problems like public static methods? Is it a bad practice? I would guess not, but I'm not sure if there is a pitfall here.

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• To static or not to static

  - by Idsa

  I really like to use static methods (especially for helpers classes). But as static methods are not stubbable, eventually they are a bad practice, aren't they? So I have to choose between static methods usage convenience and testability. Is there any compromise?

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• Static property references non-static method

  - by rhj4

  How can a static property reference a nonstatic method? Example: public static int UserID { get { return GetUserID(); } } private int GetUserID() { return 1; } When I try to compile this, I get the error: "An object reference is required for he non-static field, method or property "GetUserID()"

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• [C++]Advantage of using a static member function instead of an equivalent non-static member function

  - by jonathanasdf

  I was wondering whether there's any advantages to using a static member function when there is a non-static equivalent. Will it result in faster execution (because of not having to care about all of the member variables), or maybe less use of memory (because of not being included in all instances)? Basically, the function I'm looking at is an utility function to rotate an integer array representing pixel colours an arbitrary number of degrees around an arbitrary centre point. It is placed in my abstract Bullet base class, since only the bullets will be using it and I didn't want the overhead of calling it in some utility class. It's a bit too long and used in every single derived bullet class, making it probably not a good idea to inline. How would you suggest I define this function? As a static member function of Bullet, of a non-static member function of Bullet, or maybe not as a member of Bullet but defined outside of the class in Bullet.h? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• non-static variable cannot be referenced from a static context (java)

  - by Greg

  I ask that you ignore all logic.. i was taught poorly at first and so i still dont understand everything about static crap and its killing me. My error is with every single variable that i declare then try to use later inside my methods... i get the non-static variable cannot~~ error I can simply put all the rough coding of my methods inside my cases, and it works but then i cannot use recursion... What i really need is someone to help on the syntax and point me on the right direction of how to have my methods recognize my variables at the top... like compareCount etc thanks public class MyProgram7 { public static void main (String[]args) throws IOException{ Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int compareCount = 0; int low = 0; int high = 0; int mid = 0; int key = 0; Scanner temp; int[]list; String menu, outputString; int option = 1; boolean found = false; // Prompt the user to select an option menu = "\n\t1 Reads file" + "\n\t2 Finds a specific number in the list" + "\n\t3 Prints how many comparisons were needed" + "\n\t0 Quit\n\n\n"; System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); // Keep reading data until the user enters 0 while (option != 0) { switch (option) { case 1: readFile(); break; case 2: findKey(list,low,high,key); break; case 3: printCount(); break; default: outputString = "\nInvalid Selection\n"; System.out.println(outputString); break; }//end of switch System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); }//end of while }//end of main public static void readFile() { int i = 0; temp = new Scanner(new File("CS1302_Data7_2010.txt")); while(temp.hasNext()) { list[i]= temp.nextInt(); i++; }//end of while temp.close(); System.out.println("File Found..."); }//end of readFile() public static void findKey() { while(found!=true) { while(key < 100 || key > 999) { System.out.println("Please enter the number you would like to search for? ie 350: "); key = scan.nextInt(); }//end of inside while //base if (low <= high) { mid = ((low+high)/2); if (key == list[mid]) { found = true; compareCount++; }//end of inside if }//end of outside if else if (key < list[mid]) { compareCount++; high = mid-1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else if else { compareCount++; low = mid+1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else }//end of outside while }//end of findKey() public static void printCount() { System.out.println("Total number of comparisons is: " + compareCount); }//end of printCount }//end of class

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• Regarding C Static/Non Static Float Arrays (Xcode, Objective C)

  - by user1875290

  Basically I have a class method that returns a float array. If I return a static array I have the problem of it being too large or possibly even too small depending on the input parameter as the size of the array needed depends on the input size. If I return just a float array[arraysize] I have the size problem solved but I have other problems. Say for example I address each element of the non-static float array individually e.g. NSLog(@"array[0] %f array[1] %f array[2] %f",array[0],array[1],array[2]); It prints the correct values for the array. However if I instead use a loop e.g. for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { NSLog(@"array[%i] %f",i,array[i]); } I get some very strange numbers (apart from the last index, oddly). Why do these two things produce different results? I'm aware that its bad practice to simply return a non static float, but even so, these two means of addressing the array look the same to me. Relevant code from class method (for non-static version)... float array[arraysize]; //many lines of code later if (weShouldStoreValue == true) { array[index] = theFloat; index = index + 1; } //more lines of code later return array; Note that it returns a (float*).

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• Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable

  - by kaiwii ho

  Here is the whole code : import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test{ ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>arraylist=new ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>(){ @Override protected ArrayList<E> initialValue() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //return super.initialValue(); ArrayList<E>arraylist=new ArrayList<E>(); for(int i=0;i<=20;i++) arraylist.add((E) new Integer(i)); return arraylist; } }; class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ private Test mytest; public MyRunnable(Test test){ mytest=test; // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); ArrayList<E>myarraylist=(ArrayList<E>) mytest.arraylist.get(); myarraylist.add((E) new Double(Math.random())); mytest.arraylist.set(myarraylist); System.out.println("after"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); } // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public static void main(String[] args){ Test test=new Test<Double>(); System.out.println(test.arraylist.toString()); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); System.out.println(arraylist.toString()); } } my questions are: 1\ why the new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); cause the error: Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable ? 2\ what is the static reference refer to right here? thx in advanced

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• Most scalable way of serving a small set of static HTTP content

  - by Ekevoo

  The story: Hi guys. I'm among the people responsible for serving the results of the most anticipated (by number of people participating) annual entrance exam in my state. As such, when our results are published, the interest is overwhelming. In the past we delegated the responsibility of serving the results to the media, but that spoils a little the officialness of these results. This year we went with a little (long overdue) experiment of using lighttpd instead of Apache as well as other physical network optimizations I wasn't directly involved with. The results were very satisfactory. The server didn't choke even once, nor we saw any of the usual Twitter complaints on unavailability and/or slowness that were previously common. However, because we still delegated the first publication of the results to the media I'm still not 100% sure we can handle the load of actually publishing the results first. The question: Now because these files are like 14MB in total and a true lightweight Linux distribution isn't that big either, I'm thinking: what if next year we run full RAMdrive? Is there any? Is that useful? Is that worth it for a team that uses Debian almost exclusively? Are there other optimizations that I should be focusing on instead?

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• Linux, static lib referring to other static lib within an executable

  - by andras

  Hello, I am creating an application, which consists of two static libs and an executable. Let's call the two static libs: libusefulclass.a libcore.a And the application: myapp libcore instantiates and uses the class defined in libusefulclass (let's call it UsefulClass) Now, if I link the application in the following way: g++ -m64 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.4/lib -o myapp src1.o src2.o srcN.o -lusefulclass -lcore The linker complains about the methods in libusefulclass not being found: undefined reference to `UsefulClass::foo()' etc. I found a workaround for this: If UsefulClass is also instantiated within the source files of the executable itself, the application is linked without any problems. My question is: is there a more clean way to make libcore refer to methods defined in libusefulclass, or static libs just cannot be linked against eachother? TIA P.S.: In case that matters: the application is being developed in C++ using Qt, but I feel this is not a Qt problem, but a library problem in general.

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• Building iPhone static library for armv6 and armv7 that includes another static library

  - by Martijn Thé

  Hi, I have an Xcode project that has a "master" static library target, that includes/links to a bunch of other static libraries from other Xcode projects. When building the master library target for "Optimized (armv6 armv7)", an error occurs in the last phase, during the CreateUniversalBinary step. For each .o file of the libraries that is included by the master library, the following error is reported (for example, the FBConnectGlobal.o file): warning for architecture: armv6 same member name (FBConnectGlobal.o) in output file used for input files: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv6/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) and: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv7/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) due to use of basename, truncation and blank padding In the end, Xcode tells that the build has succeeded. However, when using the final static library in an application project, it won't build because it finds duplicate symbols in one part of build (armv6) and misses symbols in the other part of the build (armv7). Any ideas how to fix this? M

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• Google Analytics setting cookies on static content despite being on entirely separate domain

  - by Donald Jenkins

  I recently decided to comply with the YSlow recommendation that static content is hosted on a cookieless domain. As I already use the root of my domain (donaldjenkins.com) to host my website—on which Google Analytics sets a few cookies—that meant I had to move the CNAME URL for the CDN serving the static files from cdn.donaldjenkins.com to an entirely separate, dedicated domain. I purchased cdn.dj (yes, it's a real Djibouti domain name), hosted the files on the root (which contains nothing else, other than a robots.txt file) and set a CNAME of e.cdn.dj for the CDN. This setup works, but I was rather surprised to find that YSlow was still flagging the static files for not being cookie-free: here's a screenshot: The cdn.djdomain was new, and was never used for anything other than hosting these static files. Running httpfox on the site shows the _utma and _utmz Google Analytics cookies are being set on the static files listed above—despite their being hosted on an entirely separate, dedicated domain. Here's my Google Analytics code: //Google Analytics tracking code var _gaq=[['_setAccount','UA-5245947-5'],['_trackPageview']]; (function(d,t){var g=d.createElement(t),s=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; g.src=('https:'==location.protocol?'//ssl':'//www')+'.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s)}(document,'script')); // [END] Google Analytics tracking code I'm not obsessing about this issue—I know it's not really affecting server performance—but I'd like to just understand what is causing it not to go away...

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• Script + template to generate static web site?

  - by user702

  After giving it more thought, I don't actually need a PHP-based CMS for a small, static web site. Does someone know of a good solution that can run on Windows that would take basic HTML pages and JPG pictures, combine those with a template, and generate a static site ready to be FTPed to an web server? Thank you. Edit: For those looking for the same information, here's some well-known tools to create a static site: http://get-simple.info/ http://gpeasy.com/How_Easy http://textpattern.com/features http://nanoc.stoneship.org/ http://www.movabletype.com/

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• Call static properties within another class in php

  - by ali A

  I have problem about calling a static property of a class inside another class. Class A { public $property; public function __construct( $prop ) { $this->property = $prop; } public function returnValue(){ return static::$this->property; } } Class B extends A { public static $property_one = 'This is first property'; public static $property_two = 'This is second property'; } $B = new B( 'property_one' ); $B->returnValue(); I expect to return This is first property But the Output is just the name a parameter input in __construct; When I print_r( static::$this->property ); the output is just property_one

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• Java - Class type from inside static initialization block

  - by DutrowLLC

  Is it possible to get the class type from inside the static initialization block? This is a simplified version of what I currently have:: class Person extends SuperClass { String firstName; static{ // This function is on the "SuperClass": // I'd for this function to be able to get "Person.class" without me // having to explicitly type it in but "this.class" does not work in // a static context. doSomeReflectionStuff(Person.class); // IN "SuperClass" } } This is closer to what I am doing, which is to initialize a data structure that holds information about the object and its annotations, etc... Perhaps I am using the wrong pattern? public abstract SuperClass{ static void doSomeReflectionStuff( Class<?> classType, List<FieldData> fieldDataList ){ Field[] fields = classType.getDeclaredFields(); for( Field field : fields ){ // Initialize fieldDataList } } } public abstract class Person { @SomeAnnotation String firstName; // Holds information on each of the fields, I used a Map<String, FieldData> // in my actual implementation to map strings to the field information, but that // seemed a little wordy for this example static List<FieldData> fieldDataList = new List<FieldData>(); static{ // Again, it seems dangerous to have to type in the "Person.class" // (or Address.class, PhoneNumber.class, etc...) every time. // Ideally, I'd liken to eliminate all this code from the Sub class // since now I have to copy and paste it into each Sub class. doSomeReflectionStuff(Person.class, fieldDataList); } }

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• How to create static method that evaluates local static variable once?

  - by Viet

  I have a class with static method which has a local static variable. I want that variable to be computed/evaluated once (the 1st time I call the function) and for any subsequent invocation, it is not evaluated anymore. How to do that? Here's my class: template< typename T1 = int, unsigned N1 = 1, typename T2 = int, unsigned N2 = 0, typename T3 = int, unsigned N3 = 0, typename T4 = int, unsigned N4 = 0, typename T5 = int, unsigned N5 = 0, typename T6 = int, unsigned N6 = 0, typename T7 = int, unsigned N7 = 0, typename T8 = int, unsigned N8 = 0, typename T9 = int, unsigned N9 = 0, typename T10 = int, unsigned N10 = 0, typename T11 = int, unsigned N11 = 0, typename T12 = int, unsigned N12 = 0, typename T13 = int, unsigned N13 = 0, typename T14 = int, unsigned N14 = 0, typename T15 = int, unsigned N15 = 0, typename T16 = int, unsigned N16 = 0> struct GroupAlloc { static const uint32_t sizeClass; static uint32_t getSize() { static uint32_t totalSize = 0; totalSize += sizeof(T1)*N1; totalSize += sizeof(T2)*N2; totalSize += sizeof(T3)*N3; totalSize += sizeof(T4)*N4; totalSize += sizeof(T5)*N5; totalSize += sizeof(T6)*N6; totalSize += sizeof(T7)*N7; totalSize += sizeof(T8)*N8; totalSize += sizeof(T9)*N9; totalSize += sizeof(T10)*N10; totalSize += sizeof(T11)*N11; totalSize += sizeof(T12)*N12; totalSize += sizeof(T13)*N13; totalSize += sizeof(T14)*N14; totalSize += sizeof(T15)*N15; totalSize += sizeof(T16)*N16; totalSize = 8*((totalSize + 7)/8); return totalSize; } };

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• Static Variables in Overloaded Functions

  - by BSchlinker

  I have a function which does the following: When the function is called and passed a true bool value, it sets a static bool value to true When the function is called and passed a string, if the static bool value is set to true, it will do something with that string Here is my concern -- will a static variable remain the same between two overloaded functions? If not, I can simply create a separate function designed to keep track of the bool value, but I try to keep things simple.

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• Inherit static properties in subclass without redeclaration?

  - by David

  Hi, I'm having the same problem as this guy with the application I'm writing right now. The problem is that static properties are not being inherited in subclasses, and so if I use the static:: keyword in my main class, it sets the variable in my main class as well. It works if I redeclare the static variables in my subclass, but I expect to have a large number of static properties and subclasses and wish to avoid code duplication. The top-rated response on the page I linked has a link to a few "workarounds", but it seems to have 404'd. Can anyone lend me some help or perhaps point me in the direction of said workarounds?

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• non static method cannot be referenced from a static context.

  - by David

  First some code: import java.util.*; ... class TicTacToe { ... public static void main (String[]arg) { Random Random = new Random() ; toerunner () ; // this leads to a path of methods that eventualy gets us to the rest of the code } ... public void CompTurn (int type, boolean debug) { ... boolean done = true ; int a = 0 ; while (!done) { a = Random.nextInt(10) ; if (debug) { int i = 0 ; while (i<20) { System.out.print (a+", ") ; i++; }} if (possibles[a]==1) done = true ; } this.board[a] = 2 ; } ... } //to close the class Here is the error message: TicTacToe.java:85: non-static method nextInt(int) cannot be referenced from a static context a = Random.nextInt(10) ; ^ What exactly went wrong? What does that error message "non static method cannot be referenced from a static context" mean?

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• Why and when should I make a class 'static'? What is the purpose of 'static' keyword on classes?

  - by Saeed Neamati

  The static keyword on a member in many languages mean that you shouldn't create an instance of that class to be able to have access to that member. However, I don't see any justification to make an entire class static. Why and when should I make a class static? What benefits do I get from making a class static? I mean, after declaring a static class, one should still declare all members which he/she wants to have access to without instantiation, as static too. This means that for example, Math class could be declared normal (not static), without affecting how developers code. In other words, making a class static or normal is kind of transparent to developers.

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• Can't I just use all static methods?

  - by Reddy S R

  What's the difference between the two UpdateSubject methods below? I felt using static methods is better if you just want to operate on the entities. In which situations should I go with non-static methods? public class Subject { public int Id {get; set;} public string Name { get; set; } public static bool UpdateSubject(Subject subject) { //Do something and return result return true; } public bool UpdateSubject() { //Do something on 'this' and return result return true; } } I know I will be getting many kicks from the community for this really annoying question but I could not stop myself asking it. Does this become impractical when dealing with inheritance?

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• "continue" and "break" for static analysis

  - by B. VB.

  I know there have been a number of discussions of whether break and continue should be considered harmful generally (with the bottom line being - more or less - that it depends; in some cases they enhance clarity and readability, but in other cases they do not). Suppose a new project is starting development, with plans for nightly builds including a run through a static analyzer. Should it be part of the coding guidelines for the project to avoid (or strongly discourage) the use of continue and break, even if it can sacrifice a little readability and require excessive indentation? I'm most interested in how this applies to C code. Essentially, can the use of these control operators significantly complicate the static analysis of the code possibly resulting in additional false negatives, that would otherwise register a potential fault if break or continue were not used? (Of course a complete static analysis proving the correctness of an aribtrary program is an undecidable proposition, so please keep responses about any hands-on experience with this you have, and not on theoretical impossibilities) Thanks in advance!

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• Write to static field - is FindBugs wrong in this case?

  - by htorque

  I have a Java class like this: public class Foo { public static int counter = 0; public void bar(int counter) { Foo.counter = counter; } } FindBugs warns me about writing to the static field counter via the instance method bar. However, if I change the code to: public class Foo { public static int counter = 0; public static void setCounter(int counter) { Foo.counter = counter; } public void bar(int counter) { setCounter(counter); } } Then FindBugs won't complain. Isn't that wrong? I'm still writing to a static field from an instance method, just via a static method - no?

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• "static" as a semantic clue about statelessness?

  - by leoger

  this might be a little philosophical but I hope someone can help me find a good way to think about this. I've recently undertaken a refactoring of a medium sized project in Java to go back and add unit tests. When I realized what a pain it was to mock singletons and statics, I finally "got" what I've been reading about them all this time. (I'm one of those people that needs to learn from experience. Oh well.) So, now that I'm using Spring to create the objects and wire them around, I'm getting rid of static keywords left and right. (If I could potentially want to mock it, it's not really static in the same sense that Math.abs() is, right?) The thing is, I had gotten into the habit of using static to denote that a method didn't rely on any object state. For example: //Before import com.thirdparty.ThirdPartyLibrary.Thingy; public class ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper { public static Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(input); //After public class ThirdPartyFactory { public Thingy newThingy(InputType input) { new Thingy.Builder().withInput(input).alwaysFrobnicate().build(); } } //called as... thirdPartyFactoryInstance.newThingy(input); So, here's where it gets touchy-feely. I liked the old way because the capital letter told me that, just like Math.sin(x), ThirdPartyLibraryWrapper.newThingy(x) did the same thing the same way every time. There's no object state to change how the object does what I'm asking it to do. Here are some possible answers I'm considering. Nobody else feels this way so there's something wrong with me. Maybe I just haven't really internalized the OO way of doing things! Maybe I'm writing in Java but thinking in FORTRAN or somesuch. (Which would be impressive since I've never written FORTRAN.) Maybe I'm using staticness as a sort of proxy for immutability for the purposes of reasoning about code. That being said, what clues should I have in my code for someone coming along to maintain it to know what's stateful and what's not? Perhaps this should just come for free if I choose good object metaphors? e.g. thingyWrapper doesn't sound like it has state indepdent of the wrapped Thingy which may itself be mutable. Similarly, a thingyFactory sounds like it should be immutable but could have different strategies that are chosen among at creation. I hope I've been clear and thanks in advance for your advice!

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• Cost effective way to provide static media content

  - by james

  I'd like to be able to deliver around 50MB of static content, either in about 30 individual files up to 10MB or grouped into 3 compressed files, around 5k to 20k times a day. Ideally I'd like to put some sort of very basic security around providing the data to ensure that a request is from the expected source, but if tossing the security for a big reduction in price is possible then it's an option. Does anyone have any suggestions other than what I've found: Google AppEngine is $0.12/GB & I believe has a file size limit of 10MB so I'd have to break the data up a bit. So a rough calculation would seem to be that this would cost me about $30 to $120 a day. Or I've seen something like what seems to be just public static content delivery with no type of logic capabilities like Usenet.nl at what I think calculates to about $0.025/GB which would cost me about $6 to $25 a day. Any idea if I'm going about these calculations right & if there might be a better option for just static content on a decently high volume delivery? Again some basic security would be great but if cost is greatly reduced without it then I'm up for that.

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