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  • Bash command substitution not working as expected

    - by Joe Fruchey
    I'd like to view the last few lines of a file, but I want the columns aligned. Basically, I want to disable wordwrap. This is straightforward with: tail $FILE | cut -c -80 But I'm trying to generalize my script for other users, and I'd like to cut to the actual terminal width, which I can get with: stty size | cut -d" " -f2 So I would imagine that I could just tail $FILE | cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` but it doesn't work: stty: standard input: Invalid argument cut: invalid range with no endpoint: - Try `cut --help' for more information. (Same results with the 'new' $() expansion.) Now, if I echo it, it seems fine: echo cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` cut -c -103 Am I just missing an escape char? Or is this somehow just not possible? Thanks.

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  • How can I set up a local nameserver and modify DNS zones on it?

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    This is a follow up to this question. I am having an issue with a Router that doesn't support hairpinning properly. See the link above for details. Now I want to set up a local DNS server that Hosts in our LAN can use to resolve public Hostnames (usual webbrowsing... ). Additionally I want to modify certain zones. In our LAN we have some servers serving resources that are not available in our public dns zone. We always have to configure our local LMHost files accordingly. For example we have a staging installation with a new feature running on a local Webserver, and we cannot access it with the IP directly because the website runs in a named virtual host container, we have to configure LMHost file to point some domain to the local IP address. And now we have also the Hair pinning issue. So my question is: What software can I use? Will bind do the job? I just need to insert some A entries into the zone. As easy as possible. We have local Linux/Ubuntu servers.

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  • Cheapest way to connect 20-24 Sata II HDDs in a budget storage server?

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I need to assemble a high density storage server for as cheap as possible. It's been a while for me and the last systems I integrated didn't even have Sata yet... During my Research I of course stumbled about Nexsan SATA Beast, the BackBlaze storage Pods as well as some ridiculously overpriced HP Proliant or Dell storage solutions. Finally I choose Norco cases as the way to go. My eye is set on the RPC-4020, which is a 4U 19" Rackmount case with 20 Hot Swap 3.5" SATA/SAS Hdd trays (Backplanes included) and room for two 2.5" OS drives as well as a Slim Line CD-Rom. The backplanes connect with a single SATA port for each drive, so there are 20 internal SATA ports to to be connected. They also have redundant power ports which I think is quite nice. The cheapest price I have found is 290$ + 40$ shipping. In europe the cheapest unfortunately is 370€ (500$) + 40 € shipping... A nice alternative would be the RPC-4224 which has SFF-8087 Mini SAS connectors that bundle 4 SATA trays each. But it doesn't seem to be available in Europe (where i am) anywhere. So here comes my problem: What Mainboard/Controller to choose to connect them for as cheap as possible while still having nice data rates? I have to say that the server is intended as a Storage server with 1gps connectivity and the data transfer will be distributed very evenly across all drives. I also don't require any raid functionality. This is all done at application level, I just need JBOD. So for example if I go for the RPC 4020 Model I need to connect 20 Storage + 1 OS + 1 CDROM Sata ports. I searched a bit and stumbled across this very low priced controller: http://www.intel.com/products/server/raid-controllers/SASWT4I/SASWT4I-overview.htm They sell it for 115 € here and the specs say it can control up to 122 hard discs and has 4 Mini SAS connectors. So I would use 4 Mini SAS 36pin - 4 SATA 7pin cables to connect 4 SATA drives to each port and choose a Mainboard taht has 6 SATA on board (for example this one) and hurray, I can connect my 22 SATA devices for as low as about ~ 220 EUR (cpu, ram, psu, case not counted) Question: WOULD THAT WORK? And if not, why? 2nd Question: If I go for the 4220 or 4224 Model, I have internal Mini SAS connectors. Am I right in assuming that the backplane than acts as a "SAS Expander"? And can I just plug these SAS connectors into any SAS port I can find on my controller / mainboard or are there certain requirements? I know that SATA port multipliers only work with controllers that are ready for that. But isn't this expansion already implemented in the SAS standard? I am sorry that this is a very broad question, but I really spent the last week reading up and it seems to be not so clear! Especially all the controlling hardware specifications! 3rd Question: A lot of hardware specs feature "internal channels" and "internal connectors". The connecors are the physical numbers of places where I can plug a cable in. I got that. But are the "internal channels" always the maximum numbers of physical drives that can be used in the end? Or can I enhance this further by Expanders/Fanouts? 4th and last question: What do you think about the setup so far? Do you know any good alternatives? Maby I am completely going the wrong way and some DAS would be way better? Are there any comparable chassis available in europe? Please feel free to say whatever you think is relevant to the subject!

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  • How does one guarantee a remote client the same local IP address every time when connecting to a VPN?

    - by Joe Carroll
    I need to configure a VPN for secure remote access to a PACS serving DICOM radiological images. The DICOM standard requires that any clients accessing the PACS must be using a fixed IP address that is pre-registered in PACS. I haven't implemented this solution before and would appreciate any guidance. I believe it should be possible to use RADIUS on the server to authenticate users connecting to the VPN and with it assign each user their own specific local subnet IP address, which would be registered with the PACS. The server runs Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition SP2 and the VPN device is a FortiGate 60C. The What would be the best and/or simplest way to set this up?

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  • Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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  • Excel Data Organization: Array Formulas? Tables? Named Range?

    - by Joe Arasin
    I'm trying to make a huge Excel sheet reasonably maintainable, but it's huge in the "hundred-table-db" direction, rather than the "hundred-thousand-row-table" direction. I want to have a baseline data table that looks something like this: | Indicator | Units | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | Source | | GDP | $Gazillion | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | BLS | | Population | Millions | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | Census | | PetMonkeyPopulation | Thousands | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | SimiansRUs | And then be able to have another sheet that looks like: | | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | | MonkeysPerCapita | .1 | .2 | .3 | .4 | | MonkeysPerDollar | .01 | .01 | .01 | .01 | | GDPPerCapita | 300 | 400 | 450 | 600 | Is there some standard way to make this kind of thing maintainable?

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  • Twitter Like Software for Corporations

    - by joe
    Is there microblogging software that companies can host internally? I think I remember Joel Spolsky mentioning that Fog Creek uses one. I can't remember what the name was or find what other software is out there. Does anyone have any ideas?

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  • How could Load average numbers from 'htop' exceed 100% CPU utlization?

    - by Joe Huang
    I use 'htop' to monitor my web server. It's recently quite loaded and the Load average is showing something like this: Load average: 3.10 2.56 1.63 I searched the web about these numbers and I found an article about it: http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2009/07/31/understanding-load-averages In the article, it says if I have 2 CPUs, 2.0 means 100% CPU utilization. And my VPS has two CPUs, so what does 3.1 mean? How could it exceed 100% CPU utilization? And from these numbers, does it mean I should be wary about the loading now? But the performance seems totally fine, and this is a managed VPS, the hosting company has not notified me any warning about it. During day time, Load average always show these high numbers... here is another snapshot while writing. Load average: 3.03 2.77 1.97 Load average: 0.41 1.29 1.60 <---- 5 more minutes later So I am wondering how much room left for this site to grow in current configurations? What kind of proactive actions I should take in advance? I don't want to wait until the server bursts. Thanks.

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  • Is there a lightweight MTA for Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop?

    - by Joe Casadonte
    I'm writing a Perl script to run as a cron job, and I want to email results & errors to a local account on the laptop. I'd like something that can talk SMTP (do any MTAs not adhere to SMTP?). I use Thunderbird 3, so I'll also need a POP/IMAP server (unless T-Bird can read straight from an mbox file; I'll have to check into that). No need for spam controls as I'll lock it down real tight, only accepting mail originating from the laptop itself. Thanks!

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  • Wake timers don't wake computer from sleep mode

    - by Joe
    I'm got a custom built PC running 64 bit Windows 7 Ultimate. So far everything works great except for one thing: it will not wake up from sleep mode for a wake timer or scheduled task. Sleep mode itself works great. If it's sleeping, it wakes successfully when I press the power button, mash the keyboard, wiggle the mouse, or send a WOL packet. The only problem is wake timers. I even tried the program WakeupOnStandBy but it looks like that uses wake timers, so it doesn't do anything for me either. And yes, wake timers are enabled: Any ideas on how to fix the problem, or troubleshoot it? I'd imagine that there would be a log somewhere telling me exactly why the wake timers are having trouble, but if there is I haven't found it.

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  • How to fix display on external Samsung Syncmaster shifted to the right when connected to Macbook Pro?

    - by joe larson
    Is there something special I need to do to be able to use external LCD displays with my new MacBook Pro? Do I need extra software, or do I possibly need a different cable? I'm attempting to use an external display with my MBP. I've got a "Mini DisplayPort to VGA Female Adapter for Mac", plugged into the thunderbolt port on my MBP, which I understood should be compatible with thunderbolt. I've tried this with three different SyncMaster models: a B2330 (21.5"), a EX2220 (22"), and a third (also 22" ish) which I don't have the model # for -- but all are 1920x1080 resolution; plus an additional HP monitor of similar size and resolution. In all four cases, the MBP recognizes the screen and choses the correct resolution. However, the display is shifted over about 1 inch. This is true no matter if I change screen resolutions also. The controls on the monitor for horizontal position don't help. Also, sometimes (especially if I drag an app over into the second screen), the screen starts skipping left to right and having bands of fuzz. Additionally, the monitor will periodically blink off for a moment, trying to switch from Digital to Analog and back (the Syncmaster shows text on the screen to tell you it's trying to do this). Often when it comes back from one of these blank-outs, it will show OK (no skipping or fuzz) but still shifted right; then after a few seconds it will go wrong again skipping and fuzzy. This photo shows the worst of it. I've added red rectangles to show the physical edge of the screen, and a yellow rectangle to show the empty space on the left of the screen. (Sorry for the awful quality and lighting!) Also, it's worth noting I am on Mac OS X 10.6.7, and yes I have this update 1.4 installed.

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  • Thunderbird 3.0 - how to prevent new message indicator from clearing?

    - by Joe Casadonte
    I just installed Thunderbird 3.0 and there are a few things driving me batty. When new email is delivered it has a faint star to the left of the subject (this is different than the new star column thing). In the old days (i.e. last week) the new message indicator wouldn't go away until I read the message or left the folder and returned. Now, as soon as I do anything with any email message, all new message indicators are cleared. How can I go back to the old behavior? Thanks!

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  • How can I sync Nokia smartphones' calendars with Snow Leopard Server's iCal Server?

    - by Joe Carroll
    I've just installed and configured a Mac Mini Server for a customer who wanted to stop using Google Apps for their email. The plan was to also use the new server's calendaring service but we've hit a small snag: the staff all use iCal on Macs and Nokia E71s and there doesn't seem to be a way to use a single calendar for each person that syncs with both. iSync/iCal doesn't appear to allow their manually-synced phones to sync with the CalDAV calendars on the server, only with local calendars on their Macs. Nor does Nokia's organiser software support CalDAV but rather SyncML for live networked syncing. I was wondering if there's a plugin for iCal Server that would provide a bridge to a SyncML service I could run on the server... or anything else that would work (preferably FOSS)!

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  • Using an ATA-100 Hard Drive with a Thermaltake BlacX External Hard Drive Dock

    - by Joe
    Is it possible for a Thermaltake BlacX HDD Dock to connect to and recognize an ATA-100 Hard Drive? I know that the specifications for the BlacX say that it only supports SATA & SATAII, but I was hoping for one of three things: 1) for it to still work even though it isn't supported 2) for there to be some sort of workaround to make this possible 3) for there to be another part of some sort that I could purchase to make this work

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  • rundll32.exe constantly running taking up resources slowing down my Win 7 computer

    - by Joe Fletcher
    Over the past week, my Windows 7 Home Premium computer (8gb RAM, 64bit) has been running slowly. When I look at my processes, there are always 2 rundll32.exe's running taking up 3 & 25% CPU power, memory slowly creeping upwards from around 115mb to 160mb each in the time it has taken me to right this message, sometimes popping upt o 300mb and back down. Svchost.exe is at 260mb. When I end those processes, everything returns to snappiness. I recently did some Windows Updates, and I think it was around the time my computer started acting slowly, but I can't remember if it was before or after the updates that things started running slowly. Last night I ccleaned & defrag'ed. How can I diagnose what's causing the slowness?

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  • Xen private networking between multiple hosts

    - by Joe
    I have two physical hosts running Xen 3.2, sharing storage via iSCSI. On these two hosts are a number of domUs and I'd like to network them in multiple private networks so they can only contact other domUs on their private network. My understanding of the xen documentation suggests it's possible to do this within one dom0 (ie create virtual networks between domUs), but I've found nothing explaining how this can be implemented across multiple dom0s on different hosts. The only thing that jumps to mind is manually creating iptable rules to route data to the other host, but this seems to lack elegance and could quickly grow cumbersome. Any suggestions? All advice is much appreciated!

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  • Running a command or script in terminal from anywhere by adding it to the PATH, what am I doing wrong?

    - by Joe
    On osx/linux I want to be able to run a command/script on the terminal from anywhere which links to a program. ie I want to be able to run: alloy that runs: /usr/local/share/npm/lib/node_modules/alloy/bin/alloy I'm guessing adding to .bashrc is the best way? I've tried running: export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/share/npm/lib/node_modules/alloy/bin" and also: export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/share/npm/lib/node_modules/alloy/bin/alloy" Then I started a new terminal window but the alloy command doesnt work. Am I missing something?

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  • How to remove Character Style in Word 2003

    - by joe
    I am copying text into a Word document that has its styles protected. Some of the text has a Character style applied to it that I would like to remove. I can change the style and it looks okay visually, but when you click inside the text itself you can see in the style menu that the Character style is still applied. I try to change the style using the style drop down but the Character style won't go away even if I change it to the Paragraph style. Does anyone know what I am talking about and/or have any techniques for removing Character styles? I am looking forward to your responses. Let me know if I need to clarify. Thanks! UPDATE: My issue is that the Paragraph style is changing correctly, but the Character style remains applied even though the text is displayed as if the style is not applied. See http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word/HA011876141033.aspx if you are not sure what I meen by Character styles. There are four types of styles — paragraph, character, list, and table (list and table styles are new as of Word 2002). However, the majority of styles you'll use are paragraph styles.

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  • How can I troubleshoot Virtualbox port forwarding from Windows guest to OSX host not working?

    - by joe larson
    There are a plethora of questions about virtual box port forwarding problems but none with my specific details. I have a Windows install living in Virtual Box, hosted within OSX. I've got several webservers running on localhost on different ports within the Windows install. I cannot for the life of me get port forwarding to work so I can access those webservers from OSX. My settings look like this (yes I have a NAT adapter): And in my vbox configuration file the relavent portion looks like this: <NAT> <DNS pass-domain="true" use-proxy="false" use-host-resolver="false"/> <Alias logging="false" proxy-only="false" use-same-ports="false"/> <Forwarding name="RLPWeb" proto="1" hostport="7084" guestip="127.0.0.1" guestport="7084"/> <Forwarding name="UtilWeb" proto="1" hostport="4040" guestip="127.0.0.1" guestport="4040"/> <Forwarding name="WCARLP" proto="1" hostport="8084" guestip="127.0.0.1" guestport="8084"/> <Forwarding name="WCAUtil" proto="1" hostport="4848" guestip="127.0.0.1" guestport="4848"/> </NAT> I've turned off the Windows firewall to ensure it is not interfering, and I am not running a firewall on OSX. Anyway, when I attempt to go to for example http://127.0.0.1:4040/ on any of my OSX browsers, it will eventually time out. The log file for this VM shows that it is correctly reading the settings and implying it's doing the right thing here: 00:00:08.286 NAT: set redirect TCP host port 4848 => guest port 4848 @ 127.0.0.1 00:00:08.286 NAT: set redirect TCP host port 8084 => guest port 8084 @ 127.0.0.1 00:00:08.286 NAT: set redirect TCP host port 4040 => guest port 4040 @ 127.0.0.1 00:00:08.286 NAT: set redirect TCP host port 7084 => guest port 7084 @ 127.0.0.1 00:00:08.290 Changing the VM state from 'LOADING' to 'SUSPENDED'. 00:00:08.290 Changing the VM state from 'SUSPENDED' to 'RESUMING'. 00:00:08.290 Changing the VM state from 'RESUMING' to 'RUNNING'. 00:00:08.337 Display::handleDisplayResize(): uScreenId = 0, pvVRAM=000000012017d000 w=1834 h=929 bpp=32 cbLine=0x1CA8, flags=0x1 00:00:09.139 AIOMgr: Host limits number of active IO requests to 16. Expect a performance impact. 00:00:13.454 NAT: DHCP offered IP address 10.0.2.15 I've tried setting the Host IP to 127.0.0.1, and I've tried setting Guest IP blank and also 10.0.2.15. None of these seem to help. What else can I look at to troubleshoot this issue? Details of setup: OSX 10.6.8 Windows 7 Professional 64bit VirtualBox 4.1.2

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  • Disable user accounts after a certain time period

    - by Joe Taylor
    Is there a way to create a local user account on a Windows 7 Professional machine that stays active only for a certain length of time e.g 12 months? The reason for doing this is we loan out laptops for 12 months to students, however some are less than prompt at bringing them back, if they were locked out of the laptop this would force them to bring the machine back in if they hoped to continue using the laptop. Also a warning would be helpful, although I could do this with a scheduled task.

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  • How can I get VirtualBox to run at 1366x768?

    - by Joe White
    I'm trying to run Windows 8 in VirtualBox. My laptop's display is exactly 1366x768. Windows 8 disables some of its features if the resolution is less than 1366x768, so I need to run the guest OS fullscreen. The problem is, VirtualBox refuses to run the guest at 1366x768. When VirtualBox is "fullscreen", the guest is only 1360x768 -- six pixels too narrow. So there's a three-pixel black bar at the left and right sides of the display. This user had the same problem, but the accepted answer is "install the Guest Additions", which I've already done; that got me to 1360, but not to 1366. According to the VirtualBox ticket tracker, there used to be a bug where the guest's screen width would be rounded down to the nearest multiple of 8, but they claim to have fixed the bug in version 3.2.12. I'm using version 4.1.18 and seeing the same problem they claim to have fixed, so either they broke it again, they were wrong about ever having fixed it, or my problem is something else entirely. This answer suggested giving the VM 128MB of video memory, and claimed no problems getting 1366x768 afterward. When I created the VM, its display memory was already defaulted to 128 MB. I tried increasing it to 256MB, but with no effect: the guest is still six pixels too narrow. My host OS is Windows 7 64-bit, and I'm running VirtualBox 4.1.18. How can I get VirtualBox to run my guest OS fullscreen at my display's native resolution of 1366x768?

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  • Experiences with Autonomy IDOL

    - by Joe Doyle
    We're currently looking at implementing Autonomy IDOL in our environment. Does anyone have any recommendations or gotchas that we should be aware of? Are other companies using IDOL successfully? I'm curious to get some real-world impressions beyond the case studies we've been provided with.

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  • What can I do to prevent system power downs?

    - by Joe King
    Yesterday I was given my brother's old laptop - core i7, 2.67GHz, 8GB RAM, 128GB SSD, Win7 64 bit. It's a Sony Vaio Z11. Approx 18 months old. When running something computationally intensive, the fan starts up and after about 30 secs it just powers itself down with no warning. I guess it is overheating. There is nothing in the event logs to suggest what is causing it - the only thing I see is "the last system shutdown was unexpected" or something similar. This is a problem for me because I use a lot of number crunching apps, which pretty much makes it useless to me. I would like to know if there is anything I can do, other than the obvious things I've done already - open up and clean out dust, re-install the OS. According to my brother, this problem started about 6 months ago when it was already outside warranty. If it's just used for simple things - web browsing, word processing etc, the problem does not occur. Any ideas for what I can do to fix this ? Update: I found that the laptop has 2 hardware settings for graphics: Speed and Stamina - the Speed setting seems to use an nvidia GEforce GT 330M, while the Stamina setting uses an Intel chipset. With the setting on Speed, I can hear the fan the whole time, and the system powers down after a short while (5-10 mins) even just doing basic tasks (browsing this site for example), but doesn't shut down if I just leave it switched on. In this mode it also sometimes just freezes the screen and I have to power off myself. However on Stamina setting it only powers down when doing number crunching and never freezes the screen.

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  • Sendmail Tuning For Batch Mail Jobs

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a webservers that send out emails to a sendmail relay server as a batch job. The emails need to be accepted by the relay sendmail server as fast as possible, however, they do not need to go out (be relayed) very quickly. I am seeing a couple timeouts once and a while from the webserver trying to connect to the relay server. The load currently is about 30 emails a second for a couple minutes. There are quite a few tuning options for sendmail in the sendmail tuning guide. What I am focusing on now is the Delivery Mode: Delivery Mode There are a number of delivery modes that sendmail can operate in, set by the DeliveryMode ( d) configuration option. These modes specify how quickly mail will be delivered. Legal modes are: i deliver interactively (synchronously) b deliver in background (asynchronously) q queue only (don't deliver) d defer delivery attempts (don't deliver) There are tradeoffs. Mode i gives the sender the quickest feedback, but may slow down some mailers and is hardly ever necessary. Mode b delivers promptly but can cause large numbers of processes if you have a mailer that takes a long time to deliver a message. Mode q minimizes the load on your machine, but means that delivery may be delayed for up to the queue interval. Mode d is identical to mode q except that it also prevents lookups in maps including the -D flag from working during the initial queue phase; it is intended for ``dial on demand'' sites where DNS lookups might cost real money. Some simple error messages (e.g., host unknown during the SMTP protocol) will be delayed using this mode. Mode b is the usual default. If you run in mode q (queue only), d (defer), or b (deliver in background) sendmail will not expand aliases and follow .forward files upon initial receipt of the mail. This speeds up the response to RCPT commands. Mode i should not be used by the SMTP server. I currently have the CentOS default modes: Sendmail.cf: DeliveryMode=background Submit.cf: DeliveryMode=i Is sendmail.cf/mc for outgoing email from relay (to the intertubes) and sumbit.cf/mc for incoming eamil (from my webservers). Would it make sense to change the outgoing delivery mode to queue? If I did, what would the outbound email flow behave like? If this is the right thing to do, can anyone show me example mc configurations for this change? If it isn't, what recommendations are there for these constraints?

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