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• How can I back up my ubuntu system?

  - by Eloff

  I'm sure there's a lot of questions on here similar to this, and I've been reading them, but I still feel this warrants a new question. I want nightly, incremental backups (full disk images would waste a lot of space - unless compressed somehow.) Preferably rotating or deleting old backups when running out of space or after a fixed number of backups. I want to be able to quickly and painlessly restore my system from these backups. This is my first time running ubuntu as my main development machine and I know from my experience with it as a server and in virtual machines that I regularly manage to make it unbootable or damage it to the point of being unable to rescue it. So how would you recommend I do this? There are so many options out there I really don't know where to start. There seems to be a vocal school of thought that it's sufficient to backup your home directory and the list of installed packages from the package manager. I've already installed lots of things from source, or outside of the package manager (development tools, ides, compilers, graphics drivers, etc.) So at the very least, if I do not back up the operating system itself I need to grab all config files, all program binaries, all created but required files, etc. I'd rather backup too much than too little - an ubuntu install is tiny anyway. Also this drastically reduces the restore time, which would cost me more in my time than the extra storage space. I tried using Deja Dup to backup the root partition, excluding some things like /mnt /media /dev /proc etc. Although many websites assured me you can backup a running linux system this way - that seems to be false as it complained that it could not backup the following files: /boot/System.map-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/System.map-3.2.0-22-generic /boot/vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-22-generic /etc/.pwd.lock /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/LAN Connection /etc/apparmor.d/cache/lightdm-guest-session /etc/apparmor.d/cache/sbin.dhclient /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.bin.evince /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.lib.telepathy /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.cupsd /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.tcpdump /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg /etc/at.deny /etc/ati/inst_path_default /etc/ati/inst_path_override /etc/chatscripts /etc/cups/ssl /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf.O /etc/default/cacerts /etc/fuse.conf /etc/group- /etc/gshadow /etc/gshadow- /etc/mtab.fuselock /etc/passwd- /etc/ppp/chap-secrets /etc/ppp/pap-secrets /etc/ppp/peers /etc/security/opasswd /etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/ssl/private /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/README /etc/ufw/after.rules /etc/ufw/after6.rules /etc/ufw/before.rules /etc/ufw/before6.rules /lib/ufw/user.rules /lib/ufw/user6.rules /lost+found /root /run/crond.reboot /run/cups/certs /run/lightdm /run/lock/whoopsie/lock /run/udisks /var/backups/group.bak /var/backups/gshadow.bak /var/backups/passwd.bak /var/backups/shadow.bak /var/cache/apt/archives/lock /var/cache/cups/job.cache /var/cache/cups/job.cache.O /var/cache/cups/ppds.dat /var/cache/debconf/passwords.dat /var/cache/ldconfig /var/cache/lightdm/dmrc /var/crash/_usr_lib_x86_64-linux-gnu_colord_colord.102.crash /var/lib/apt/lists/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock /var/lib/dpkg/triggers/Lock /var/lib/lightdm /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db /var/lib/polkit-1 /var/lib/sudo /var/lib/urandom/random-seed /var/lib/ureadahead/pack /var/lib/ureadahead/run.pack /var/log/btmp /var/log/installer/casper.log /var/log/installer/debug /var/log/installer/partman /var/log/installer/syslog /var/log/installer/version /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log /var/log/speech-dispatcher /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log.1.gz /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily /var/spool/anacron/cron.monthly /var/spool/anacron/cron.weekly /var/spool/cron/atjobs /var/spool/cron/atspool /var/spool/cron/crontabs /var/spool/cups

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• Linq To SQL: Behaviour for table field which is NotNull and having Default value or binding

  - by kaushalparik27

  I found this something interesting while wandering over community which I would like to share. The post is whole about: DBML is not considering the table field's "Default value or Binding" setting which is a NotNull. I mean the field which can not be null but having default value set needs to be set IsDbGenerated = true in DBML file explicitly.Consider this situation: There is a simple tblEmployee table with below structure: The fields are simple. EmployeeID is a Primary Key with Identity Specification = True with Identity Seed = 1 to autogenerate numeric value for this field. EmployeeName and their EmailAddress to store in rest of 2 fields. And the last one is "DateAdded" with DateTime datatype which doesn't allow NULL but having Default Value/Binding with "GetDate()". That means if we don't pass any value to this field then SQL will insert current date in "DateAdded" field.So, I start with a new website, add a DBML file and dropped the said table to generate LINQ To SQL context class. Finally, I write a simple code snippet to insert data into the tblEmployee table; BUT, I am not passing any value to "DateAdded" field. Because I am considering SQL Server's "Default Value or Binding (GetDate())" setting to this field and understand that SQL will insert current date to this field.        using (TestDatabaseDataContext context = new TestDatabaseDataContext())        {            tblEmployee tblEmpObjet = new tblEmployee();            tblEmpObjet.EmployeeName = "KaushaL";            tblEmpObjet.EmployeeEmailAddress = "[email protected]";            context.tblEmployees.InsertOnSubmit(tblEmpObjet);            context.SubmitChanges();        }Here comes the twist when application give me below error:  This is something not expecting! From the error it clearly depicts that LINQ is passing NULL value to "DateAdded" Field while according to my understanding it should respect Sql Server's "Default value or Binding" setting for this field. A bit googling and I found very interesting related to this problem.When we set Primary Key to any field with "Identity Specification" Property set to true; DBML set one important property "IsDbGenerated=true" for this field. BUT, when we set "Default Value or Biding" property for some field; we need to explicitly tell the DBML/LINQ to let it know that this field is having default binding at DB side that needs to be respected if I don't pass any value. So, the solution is: You need to explicitly set "IsDbGenerated=true" for such field to tell the LINQ that the field is having default value or binding at Sql Server side so, please don't worry if i don't pass any value for it.You can select the field and set this property from property window in DBML Designer file or write the property in DBML.Designer.cs file directly. I have attached a working example with required table script with this post here. I hope this would be helpful for someone hunting for the same. Happy Discovery!

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• Telerik RADGrid - linq and updating

  - by Dave

  Hi Telerik's RADGrid, basing on their example on http://demos.telerik.com/aspnet-ajax/grid/examples/dataediting/programaticlinqupdates/defaultcs.aspx Problem: I can insert and delete, however updating doesn't work. No error trapped. Data just doesn't change. From the code below it looks like Telerik Grid is doing some kung-fu behind the scenes to wire things up. I can't see the db receiving any update statements. Question: anything obvious I'm missing? protected void RadGrid1_UpdateCommand(object source, GridCommandEventArgs e) { var editableItem = ((GridEditableItem) e.Item); var raceId = (Guid) editableItem.GetDataKeyValue("RaceID"); //retrive entity form the Db var race = DbContext.races.Where(n => n.raceid == raceId).FirstOrDefault(); if (race != null) { //update entity's state editableItem.UpdateValues(race); try { //submit chanages to Db DbContext.SubmitChanges(); } catch (Exception f) { ShowErrorMessage(f); } } } Think I may have to go back to their example.. get their db.. and attack from that point of view. Cheers!

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• How should I Test a Genetic Algorithm

  - by James Brooks

  I have made a quite few genetic algorithms; they work (they find a reasonable solution quickly). But I have now discovered TDD. Is there a way to write a genetic algorithm (which relies heavily on random numbers) in a TDD way? To pose the question more generally, How do you test a non-deterministic method/function. Here is what I have thought of: Use a specific seed. Which wont help if I make a mistake in the code in the first place but will help finding bugs when refactoring. Use a known list of numbers. Similar to the above but I could follow the code through by hand (which would be very tedious). Use a constant number. At least I know what to expect. It would be good to ensure that a dice always reads 6 when RandomFloat(0,1) always returns 1. Try to move as much of the non-deterministic code out of the GA as possible. which seems silly as that is the core of it's purpose. Links to very good books on testing would be appreciated too.

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• Javascript errors from Google Adsense

  - by Arjun

  Hey there, On several of my adsense running sites, I have been getting the following errors: Unable to post message to [http://]googleads.g.doubleclick.net. Recipient has origin http://www.anekdotz.com. Unsafe JavaScript attempt to access frame with URL [http://]www.anekdotz.com/ from frame with URL [http://]googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-9099580055602120&output=html&h=250&slotname=9210181593&w=300&flash=10.0.42&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anekdotz.com%2F&dt=1269901036429&correlator=1269901036438&frm=0&ga_vid=711000587.1269901037&ga_sid=1269901037&ga_hid=654061172&ga_fc=0&u_tz=-240&u_his=2&u_java=1&u_h=900&u_w=1440&u_ah=878&u_aw=1436&u_cd=24&u_nplug=10&u_nmime=101&biw=1365&bih=806&eid=44901212&fu=0&ifi=1&dtd=153&xpc=Xkfk1oufPQ&p=http%3A//www.anekdotz.com. Domains, protocols and ports must match. (from the Chrome javascript console) The ads seem to show properly and it doesn't affect my native javascript code. However sometimes these errors seem to slow down page loading. How can I fix this problem? (I modified the URLs to let me post this as I'm a new user)

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• Looking for a good world map generation algorithm

  - by FalconNL

  I'm working on a Civilization-like game and I'm looking for a good algorithm for generating Earth-like world maps. I've experimented with a few alternatives, but haven't hit on a real winner yet. One option is to generate a heightmap using perlin noise and add water at a level so that about 30% of the world is land. While perlin noise (or similar fractal-based techniques) are frequently used for terrain and is reasonably realistic, it doesn't offer much in the way of control over the number, size and position of the resulting continents, which I'd like to have from a gameplay perspective. See http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2792/4462870263_ff26c40365_o.jpg for an example (sorry, can't post pictures yet). A second option is to start with a randomly positioned one-tile seed (I'm working on a grid of tiles), determine the desired size for the continent and each turn add a tile that is horizontally or vertically adjacent to the existing continent until you've reached the desired size. Repeat for the other continents. This technique is part of the algorithm used in Civilization 4. The problem is that after placing the first few continents, it's possible to pick a starting location that's surrounded by other continents, and thus won't fit the new one. Also, it has a tendency to spawn continents too close together, resulting in something that looks more like a river than continents. See http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4069/4462870383_46e86b155c_o.jpg for an example. Does anyone happen to know a good algorithm for generating realistic continents on a grid-based map while keeping control over their number and relative sizes?

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• Concatenate row values T-SQL

  - by Robert

  I am trying to pull together some data for a report and need to concatenate the row values of one of the tables. Here is the basic table structure: Reviews ReviewID ReviewDate Reviewers ReviewerID ReviewID UserID Users UserID FName LName This is a M:M relationship. Each Review can have many Reviewers; each User can be associated with many Reviews. Basically, all I want to see is Reviews.ReviewID, Reviews.ReviewDate, and a concatenated string of the FName's of all the associated Users for that Review (comma delimited). Instead of: ReviewID---ReviewDate---User 1----------12/1/2009----Bob 1----------12/1/2009----Joe 1----------12/1/2009----Frank 2----------12/9/2009----Sue 2----------12/9/2009----Alice Display this: ReviewID---ReviewDate----Users 1----------12/1/2009-----Bob, Joe, Frank 2----------12/9/2009-----Sue, Alice I have found this article describing some ways to do this, but most of these seem to only deal with one table, not multiple; unfortunately, my SQL-fu is not strong enough to adapt these to my circumstances. I am particularly interested in the example on that site which utilizes FOR XML PATH() as that looks the cleanest and most straight forward. SELECT p1.CategoryId, ( SELECT ProductName + ', ' FROM Northwind.dbo.Products p2 WHERE p2.CategoryId = p1.CategoryId ORDER BY ProductName FOR XML PATH('') ) AS Products FROM Northwind.dbo.Products p1 GROUP BY CategoryId; Can anyone give me a hand with this? Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• How do you use asynchronous ORMs without huge callback chains?

  - by hornairs

  I'm using the relatively immature Joose Javascript ORM plugin (project page) to persist objects in an Appcelerator Titanium (company page) mobile project. Since it's client side storage, the application has to check to see if the database is initialized before starting up the ORM since it inspects the DB tables to construct the classes. My problem is that this sequence of operations (and if this one is like this, other things down the road) takes a lot of callbacks to complete. I have a lot of jumping around in the code that isn't apparent to a maintainer and results in some complex call graphs and whatnot. So, I ask these questions: How would you asynchronously initialize a database and populate it with seed data using an ORM that needs the schema to be correct to function? Do you have any general strategies or links for async/event driven programming and keeping the call graph simple and understandable? Do you have any suggestions for Javascript ORMs/meta object systems that work with HTML 5 as a storage engine and are hopefully framework agnostic? Am I just a big newb and should be able to work this out with ease? Thanks folks!

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• Change find method in database search so that it isn't case sensitive in Rails app

  - by Ryan

  Hello, I am learning Rails and have created a work-in-progress app that does one-word searches on a database of shortcut keys for various programs (http://keyboardcuts.heroku.com/shortcuts/home). The search method in the Shortcut model is the following: def self.search(search) search_condition = "%" + search + "%" find(:all, :conditions => ['action LIKE ? OR application LIKE ?', search_condition, search_condition]) end ...where 'action' and 'application' are columns in a SQLite table. (source: https://we.riseup.net/rails/simple-search-tutorial) For some reason, the search seems to be case sensitive (you can see this by searching 'Paste' vs. 'paste'). Can anyone help me figure out why and what I can do to make it not case sensitive? If not, can you at least point me in the right direction? Database creation: I first copied shortcuts from various website into Excel and saved it as a CSV. Then I migrated the database and filled it with the data using db:seed and a small script I wrote (I viewed the database and it looked fine). To get the SQLite database to the server, I used Taps as outline by the Heroku website (http://blog.heroku.com/archives/2009/3/18/push_and_pull_databases_to_and_from_heroku/). I am using Ubuntu. Please let me know if you need more information. Thanks in advance for you help, very much appreciated! Ryan

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• Collision Attacks, Message Digests and a Possible solution

  - by Dominar

  I've been doing some preliminary research in the area of message digests. Specifically collision attacks of cryptographic hash functions such as MD5 and SHA-1, such as the Postscript example and X.509 certificate duplicate. From what I can tell in the case of the postscript attack, specific data was generated and embedded within the header of the postscript (which is ignored during rendering) which brought about the internal state of the md5 to a state such that the modified wording of the document would lead to a final MD equivalent to the original. The X.509 took a similar approach where by data was injected within the comment/whitespace of the certificate. Ok so here is my question, and I can't seem to find anyone asking this question: Why isn't the length of ONLY the data being consumed added as a final block to the MD calculation? In the case of X.509 - Why is the whitespace and comments being taken into account as part of the MD? Wouldn't a simple processes such as one of the following be enough to resolve the proposed collision attacks: MD(M + |M|) = xyz MD(M + |M| + |M| * magicseed_0 +...+ |M| * magicseed_n) = xyz where : M : is the message |M| : size of the message MD : is the message digest function (eg: md5, sha, whirlpool etc) xyz : is the acutal message digest value for the message M magicseed_{i}: Is a set random values generated with seed based on the internal-state prior to the size being added. This technqiue should work, as to date all such collision attacks rely on adding more data to the original message. In short, the level of difficulty involved in generating a collision message such that: It not only generates the same MD But is also comprehensible/parsible/compliant and is also the same size as the original message, is immensely difficult if not near impossible. Has this approach ever been discussed? Any links to papers etc would be nice.

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• Subset a data.frame by list and apply function on each part, by rows

  - by aL3xa

  This may seem as a typical plyr problem, but I have something different in mind. Here's the function that I want to optimize (skip the for loop). # dummy data set.seed(1985) lst <- list(a=1:10, b=11:15, c=16:20) m <- matrix(round(runif(200, 1, 7)), 10) m <- as.data.frame(m) dfsub <- function(dt, lst, fun) { # check whether dt is `data.frame` stopifnot (is.data.frame(dt)) # check if vectors in lst are "whole" / integer # vector elements should be column indexes is.wholenumber <- function(x, tol = .Machine$double.eps^0.5) abs(x - round(x)) < tol # fall if any non-integers in list idx <- rapply(lst, is.wholenumber) stopifnot(idx) # check for list length stopifnot(ncol(dt) == length(idx)) # subset the data subs <- list() for (i in 1:length(lst)) { # apply function on each part, by row subs[[i]] <- apply(dt[ , lst[[i]]], 1, fun) } # preserve names names(subs) <- names(lst) # convert to data.frame subs <- as.data.frame(subs) # guess what =) return(subs) } And now a short demonstration... actually, I'm about to explain what I primarily intended to do. I wanted to subset a data.frame by vectors gathered in list object. Since this is a part of code from a function that accompanies data manipulation in psychological research, you can consider m as a results from personality questionnaire (10 subjects, 20 vars). Vectors in list hold column indexes that define questionnaire subscales (e.g. personality traits). Each subscale is defined by several items (columns in data.frame). If we presuppose that the score on each subscale is nothing more than sum (or some other function) of row values (results on that part of questionnaire for each subject), you could run: > dfsub(m, lst, sum) a b c 1 46 20 24 2 41 24 21 3 41 13 12 4 37 14 18 5 57 18 25 6 27 18 18 7 28 17 20 8 31 18 23 9 38 14 15 10 41 14 22 I took a glance at this function and I must admit that this little loop isn't spoiling the code at all... BUT, if there's an easier/efficient way of doing this, please, let me know!

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• C# - WinForms - Exception Handling for Events

  - by JustLooking

  Hi all, I apologize if this is a simple question (my Google-Fu may be bad today). Imagine this WinForms application, that has this type of design: Main application - shows one dialog - that 1st dialog can show another dialog. Both of the dialogs have OK/Cancel buttons (data entry). I'm trying to figure out some type of global exception handling, along the lines of Application.ThreadException. What I mean is: Each of the dialogs will have a few event handlers. The 2nd dialog may have: private void ComboBox_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { AllSelectedIndexChangedCodeInThisFunction(); } catch(Exception ex) { btnOK.enabled = false; // Bad things, let's not let them save // log stuff, and other good things } } Really, all the event handlers in this dialog should be handled in this way. It's an exceptional-case, so I just want to log all the pertinent information, show a message, and disable the okay button for that dialog. But, I want to avoid a try/catch in each event handler (if I could). A draw-back of all these try/catch's is this: private void someFunction() { // If an exception occurs in SelectedIndexChanged, // it doesn't propagate to this function combobox.selectedIndex = 3; } I don't believe that Application.ThreadException is a solution, because I don't want the exception to fall all the way-back to the 1st dialog and then the main app. I don't want to close the app down, I just want to log it, display a message, and let them cancel out of the dialog. They can decide what to do from there (maybe go somewhere else in the app). Basically, a "global handler" in between the 1st dialog and the 2nd (and then, I suppose, another "global handler" in between the main app and the 1st dialog). Thanks.

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• Excel Regex, or export to Python? ; "Vlookup" in Python?

  - by victorhooi

  heya, We have an Excel file with a worksheet containing people records. 1. Phone Number Sanitation One of the fields is a phone number field, which contains phone numbers in the format e.g.: +XX(Y)ZZZZ-ZZZZ (where X, Y and Z are integers). There are also some records which have less digits, e.g.: +XX(Y)ZZZ-ZZZZ And others with really screwed up formats: +XX(Y)ZZZZ-ZZZZ / ZZZZ or: ZZZZZZZZ We need to sanitise these all into the format: 0YZZZZZZZZ (or OYZZZZZZ with those with less digits). 2. Fill in Supervisor Details Each person also has a supervisor, given as an numeric ID. We need to do a lookup to get the name and email address of that supervisor, and add it to the line. This lookup will be firstly on the same worksheet (i.e. searching itself), and it can then fallback to another workbook with more people. 3. Approach? For the first issue, I was thinking of using regex in Excel/VBA somehow, to do the parsing. My Excel-fu isn't the best, but I suppose I can learn...lol. Any particular points on this one? However, would I be better off exporting the XLS to a CSV (e.g. using xlrd), then using Python to fix up the phone numbers? For the second approach, I was thinking of just using vlookups in Excel, to pull in the data, and somehow, having it fall through, first on searching itself, then on the external workbook, then just putting in error text. Not sure how to do that last part. However, if I do happen to choose to export to CSV and do it in Python, what's an efficient way of doing the vlookup? (Should I convert to a dict, or just iterate? Or is there a better, or more idiomatic way?) Cheers, Victor

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• Advice on optimzing speed for a Stored Procedure that uses Views

  - by Belliez

  Based on a previous question and with a lot of help from Damir Sudarevic (thanks) I have the following sql code which works great but is very slow. Can anyone suggest how I can speed this up and optimise for speed. I am now using SQL Server Express 2008 (not 2005 as per my original question). What this code does is retrieves parameters and their associated values from several tables and rotates the table in a form that can be easily compared. Its great for one of two rows of data but now I am testing with 100 rows and to run GetJobParameters takes over 7 minutes to complete? Any advice is gratefully accepted, thank you in advanced. /*********************************************************************************************** ** CREATE A VIEW (VIRTUAL TABLE) TO ALLOW EASIER RETREIVAL OF PARMETERS ************************************************************************************************/ CREATE VIEW dbo.vParameters AS SELECT m.MachineID AS [Machine ID] ,j.JobID AS [Job ID] ,p.ParamID AS [Param ID] ,t.ParamTypeID AS [Param Type ID] ,m.Name AS [Machine Name] ,j.Name AS [Job Name] ,t.Name AS [Param Type Name] ,t.JobDataType AS [Job DataType] ,x.Value AS [Measurement Value] ,x.Unit AS [Unit] ,y.Value AS [JobDataType] FROM dbo.Machines AS m JOIN dbo.JobFiles AS j ON j.MachineID = m.MachineID JOIN dbo.JobParams AS p ON p.JobFileID = j.JobID JOIN dbo.JobParamType AS t ON t.ParamTypeID = p.ParamTypeID LEFT JOIN dbo.JobMeasurement AS x ON x.ParamID = p.ParamID LEFT JOIN dbo.JobTrait AS y ON y.ParamID = p.ParamID GO -- Step 2 CREATE VIEW dbo.vJobValues AS SELECT [Job Name] ,[Param Type Name] ,COALESCE(cast([Measurement Value] AS varchar(50)), [JobDataType]) AS [Val] FROM dbo.vParameters GO /*********************************************************************************************** ** GET JOB PARMETERS FROM THE VIEW JUST CREATED ************************************************************************************************/ CREATE PROCEDURE GetJobParameters AS -- Step 3 DECLARE @Params TABLE ( id int IDENTITY (1,1) ,ParamName varchar(50) ); INSERT INTO @Params (ParamName) SELECT DISTINCT [Name] FROM dbo.JobParamType -- Step 4 DECLARE @qw TABLE( id int IDENTITY (1,1) , txt nchar(300) ) INSERT INTO @qw (txt) SELECT 'SELECT' UNION SELECT '[Job Name]' ; INSERT INTO @qw (txt) SELECT ',MAX(CASE [Param Type Name] WHEN ''' + ParamName + ''' THEN Val ELSE NULL END) AS [' + ParamName + ']' FROM @Params ORDER BY id; INSERT INTO @qw (txt) SELECT 'FROM dbo.vJobValues' UNION SELECT 'GROUP BY [Job Name]' UNION SELECT 'ORDER BY [Job Name]'; -- Step 5 --SELECT txt FROM @qw DECLARE @sql_output VARCHAR (MAX) SET @sql_output = '' -- NULL + '' = NULL, so we need to have a seed SELECT @sql_output = -- string to avoid losing the first line. COALESCE (@sql_output + txt + char (10), '') FROM @qw EXEC (@sql_output) GO

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• Concat LPSTR in C++

  - by Cat Man Do

  Trying to use as basic C++ as I can to build a list of numbers from 1-52 in a random order (deck of cards). Unfortauntely, all my attempts to concat the strings and get a result end in failure. Any suggestions? NOTE: This is not homework it's something I'm using to create a game. // Locals char result[200] = ""; // Result int card[52]; // Array of cards srand(time(0)); // Initialize seed "randomly" // Build for (int i=0; i<52; i++) { card[i] = i; // fill the array in order } // Shuffle cards for (int i=0; i<(52-1); i++) { int r = i + (rand() % (52-i)); int temp = card[i]; card[i] = card[r]; card[r] = temp; } // Build result for (int c=0; c<52; c++) { // Build sprintf(result, "%d", card[c]); // Comma? if ( c < 51 ) { sprintf(result, "%s", ","); } } My end result is always garbled text. Thanks for the help.

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• Pseudo random numbers in php

  - by pg

  I have a function that outputs items in a different order depending on a random number. for example 1/2 of the time Popeye's and its will be #1 on the list and Taco Bell and its logo will be #2 and half the time the it will be the other way around. The problem is that when a user reloads or comes back to the page, the order is re-randomized. $Range here is the number of items in the db, so it's using a random number between 1 and the $range. $random = mt_rand(1,$range); for ($i = 0 ; $i < count($variants); $i++) { $random -= $variants[$i]['weight']; if ($random <= 0) { $chosenoffers[$tag] = $variants[$i]; break; } } I went to the beginning of the session and set this: if (!isset($_SESSION['rannum'])){ $_SESSION['rannum']=rand(1,100); } With the idea that I could replace the mt_rand in the function with some sort of pseudo random generator that used the same 1-100 random number as a seed throughout the session. That way i won't have to rewrite all the code that was already written. Am I barking up the wrong tree or is this a good idea?

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• How can I change the precision of printing with the stl?

  - by mmr

  This might be a repeat, but my google-fu failed to find it. I want to print numbers to a file using the stl with the number of decimal places, rather than overall precision. So, if I do this: int precision = 16; std::vector<double> thePoint(3); thePoint[0] = 86.3671436; thePoint[0] = -334.8866574; thePoint[0] = 24.2814; ofstream file1(tempFileName, ios::trunc); file1 << std::setprecision(precision) << thePoint[0] << "\\" << thePoint[1] << "\\" << thePoint[2] << "\\"; I'll get numbers like this: 86.36714359999999\-334.8866574\24.28140258789063 What I want is this: 86.37\-334.89\24.28 In other words, truncating at two decimal points. If I set precision to be 4, then I'll get 86.37\-334.9\24.28 ie, the second number is improperly truncated. I do not want to have to manipulate each number explicitly to get the truncation, especially because I seem to be getting the occasional 9 repeating or 0000000001 or something like that that's left behind. I'm sure there's something obvious, like using the printf(%.2f) or something like that, but I'm unsure how to mix that with the stl << and ofstream.

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• How to use Common Table Expression and check no duplication in sqlserver

  - by vodkhang

  I have a table references to itself. User table: id, username, managerid and managerid links back to id Now, I want to get all the managers including direct manager, manager of direct manager, so on and so forth... The problem is that I do not want to have a unstop recursive sql. So, I want to check if an id alreay in a list, I will not include it anymore. Here is my sql for that: with --the relation for all the subparts of ozsolar including itself all_managers (id, username, managerid, idlist) as ( --seed that is the ozsola part select u1.id, u1.username, u1.managerid, ' ' from users u1, users u2 where u1.id = u2.managerid and u2.id = 6 UNION ALL select u.id, u.username, u.managerid, idlist + ' ' + u.id from all_managers a, users u where a.managerid = u.id and charindex(cast(u.id as nvarchar(5)), idlist) != 0 ) --select the total number of subparts and group by subpart select id, username from all_managers; The problem is that in this line: select u1.id, u1.username, u1.managerid, ' ' The sqlserver complains with me that I can not put ' ' as the initialized for idlist. nvarchar(40) does not work as well. I do not know how to declare it inside a common table expression like this one. Usually, in db2, I can just put varchar(40)

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• Function within function in R

  - by frespider

  Can you please explain to me why th code complain saying that Samdat is not found? I am trying to switch between the models as you can see, so i declared a functions that contains these specific models and I just need to call these function as one of the argument in the get.f function where the resampling will change the structure for each design matrix in the model. the code complain the Samdat is not found when it is found. Also, is there a way I can make the condition statement as if(Model == M1()) instead I have to create another argument M to set if(M==1) Can you explain please? dat <- cbind(Y=rnorm(20),rnorm(20),runif(20),rexp(20),rnorm(20),runif(20), rexp(20),rnorm(20),runif(20),rexp(20)) nam <- paste("v",1:9,sep="") colnames(dat) <- c("Y",nam) M1 <- function(){ a1 = cbind(Samdat[,c(2:5,7,9)]) b1 = cbind(Samdat[,c(2:4,6,8,7)]) c1 = b1+a1 list(a1=a1,b1=b1,c1=c1)} M2 <- function(){ a1= cbind(Samdat[,c(2:5,7,9)])+2 b1= cbind(Samdat[,c(2:4,6,8,7)])+2 c1 = a1+b1 list(a1=a1,b1=b1,c1=c1)} M3 <- function(){ a1= cbind(Samdat[,c(2:5,7,9)])+8 b1= cbind(Samdat[,c(2:4,6,8,7)])+8 c1 = a1+b1 list(a1=a1,b1=b1,c1=c1)} ################################################################# get.f <- function(asim,Model,M){ sse <-c() for(i in 1:asim){ set.seed(i) Samdat <- dat[sample(1:nrow(dat),nrow(dat),replace=T),] Y <- Samdat[,1] if(M==1){ a2 <- Model$a1 b2 <- Model$b1 c2 <- Model$c1 s<- a2+b2+c2 fit <- lm(Y~s) cof <- sum(summary(fit)$coef[,1]) coff <-Model$cof sse <-c(sse,coff) } else if(M==2){ a2 <- Model$a1 b2 <- Model$b1 c2 <- Model$c1 s<- c2+12 fit <- lm(Y~s) cof <- sum(summary(fit)$coef[,1]) coff <-Model$cof sse <-c(sse,coff) } else { a2 <- Model$a1 b2 <- Model$b1 c2 <- Model$c1 s<- c2+a2 fit <- lm(Y~s) cof <- sum(summary(fit)$coef[,1]) coff <- Model$cof sse <-c(sse,coff) } } return(sse) } get.f(10,Model=M1(),M=1) get.f(10,Model=M2(),M=2) get.f(10,Model=M3(),M=3)

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• Automatically install and launch a code-signed application from Safari

  - by Thomas Jung

  Is it possible and if so what are the steps necessary to package (or build) a Mac OS X application and code-sign it so that it can be downloaded with Safari and automatically launch? ... possibly after the user responds to some sort of dialog explaining that it is a signed application and the publisher has been verified. An example of the user experience I am trying to create is "installing Google Chrome for the first time on Windows", which is a 3-click, less-than-a-minute process. For the concerned among you: I am not trying to create a drive-by download. I am fine with some sort of intermittent user step approving the download. I just want to make the installation as quick and painless as possible and not require the user drag the app from a mounted DMG into the application folder. This may not 100% jibe with established Mac OS X user interaction guidelines, but it would work better for the not-power users. I only need the high-level steps or pointers to resources ... my google-fu was weak on this one.

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• How to create a column containing a string of stars to inidcate levels of a factor in a data frame i

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  (second question today - must be a bad day) I have a dataframe with various columns, inculding a concentration column (numeric), a flag highlighting invalid results (boolean) and a description of the problem (character) dput(df) structure(list(x = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), rawconc = c(77.4, 52.6, 86.5, 44.5, 167, 16.2, 59.3, 123, 1.95, 181), reason = structure(c(NA, NA, 2L, NA, NA, NA, 2L, 1L, NA, NA), .Label = c("Fails Acceptance Criteria", "Poor Injection"), class = "factor"), flag = c("False", "False", "True", "False", "False", "False", "True", "True", "False", "False" )), .Names = c("x", "rawconc", "reason", "flag"), row.names = c(NA, -10L), class = "data.frame") I can create a column with the numeric level of the reason column df$level<-as.numeric(df$reason) df x rawconc reason flag level 1 1 77.40 <NA> False NA 2 2 52.60 <NA> False NA 3 3 86.50 Poor Injection True 2 4 4 44.50 <NA> False NA 5 5 167.00 <NA> False NA 6 6 16.20 <NA> False NA 7 7 59.30 Poor Injection True 2 8 8 123.00 Fails Acceptance Criteria True 1 9 9 1.95 <NA> False NA 10 10 181.00 <NA> False NA and here's what I want to do to create a column with 'level' many stars, but it fails df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level)sep="",collapse="") Error: unexpected symbol in "df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level)sep" df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level),sep="",collapse="") Error in rep("*", df$level) : invalid 'times' argument rep("*",df$level) Error in rep("*", df$level) : invalid 'times' argument df$stars<-paste(rep("*",pmax(df$level,0,na.rm=TRUE)),sep="",collapse="") Error in rep("*", pmax(df$level, 0, na.rm = TRUE)) : invalid 'times' argument It seems that rep needs to be fed one value at a time. I feel that this should be possible (and my gut says 'use lapply' but my apply fu is v. poor) ANy one want to try ?

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• Natural language grammar and user-entered names

  - by Owen Blacker

  Some languages, particularly Slavic languages, change the endings of people's names according to the grammatical context. (For those of you who know grammar or studied languages that do this to words, such as German or Russian, and to help with search keywords, I'm talking about noun declension.) This is probably easiest with a set of examples (in Polish, to save the whole different-alphabet problem): Dorothy saw the cat — Dorota zobaczyla kota The cat saw Dorothy — Kot zobaczyl Dorote It is Dorothy’s cat — To jest kot Doroty I gave the cat to Dorothy — Dalam kota Dorotie I went for a walk with Dorothy — Poszlam na spacer z Dorota “Hello, Dorothy!” — “Witam, Doroto!” Now, if, in these examples, the name here were to be user-entered, that introduces a world of grammar nightmares. Importantly, if I went for Katie (Kasia), the examples are not directly comparable — 3 and 4 are both Kasi, rather than *Kasy and *Kasie — and male names will be wholly different again. I'm guessing someone has dealt with this situation before, but my Google-fu appears to be weak today. I can find a lot of links about natural-language processing, but I don'think that's quite what I want. To be clear: I'm only ever gonna have one user-entered name per user and I'm gonna need to decline them into known configurations — I'll have a localised text that will have placeholders something like {name nominative} and {name dative}, for the sake of argument. I really don't want to have to do lexical analysis of text to work stuff out, I'll only ever need to decline that one user-entered name. Anyone have any recommendations on how to do this, or do I need to start calling round localisation agencies ;o) Further reading (all on Wikipedia) for the interested: Declension Grammatical case Declension in Polish Declension in Russian Declension in Czech nouns and pronouns Disclaimer: I know this happens in many other languages; highlighting Slavic languages is merely because I have a project that is going to be localised into some Slavic languages.

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• PHPUnit and autoloaders: Determining whether code is running in test-scope?

  - by pinkgothic

  Premise I know that writing code to act differently when a test is run is hilariously bad practise, but I may've actually come across a scenario in which it may be necessary. Specifically, I'm trying to test a very specific wrapper for HTML Purifier in the Zend framework - a View Helper, to be exact. The HTML Purifier autoloader is necessary because it uses a different logic to the autoloaders we otherwise have. Problem require()-ing the autoloader at the top of my View Helper class, gives me the following in test-scope: HTML Purifier autoloader registrar is not compatible with non-static object methods due to PHP Bug #44144; Please do not use HTMLPurifier.autoload.php (or any file that includes this file); instead, place the code: spl_autoload_register(array('HTMLPurifier_Bootstrap', 'autoload')) after your own autoloaders. Replacing the require() with spl_autoload_register(array('HTMLPurifier_Bootstrap', 'autoload')) as advertised means the test runs fine, but the View Helper dies a terrible death claiming: Zend_Log[3707]: ErrorController caught LogicException "Passed array does not specify an existing static method (class 'HTMLPurifier_Bootstrap' not found)" (Our test folder structure is slightly different to our Zend folder structure by necessity.) Question(s) After tinkering with it, I'm thinking I'll need to pick an autoloader-loading depending on whether things are in the test scope or not. Do I have another option to include HTMLPurifier's autoloading routine in both cases that I'm not seeing due to tunnel vision? If not, do I have to find a means to differentiate between test-environment and production-environment this with my own code (e.g. APPLICATION_ENV) - or does PHPUnit support this godawful hackery of mine natively by setting a constant that I could check whether its been defined(), or similar shenanigans? (My Google-fu here is weak! I'm probably just doing it wrong.)

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• Making one table equal to another without a delete *

  - by Joshua Atkins

  Hey, I know this is bit of a strange one but if anyone had any help that would be greatly appreciated. The scenario is that we have a production database at a remote site and a developer database in our local office. Developers make changes directly to the developer db and as part of the deployment process a C# application runs and produces a series of .sql scripts that we can execute on the remote side (essentially delete *, insert) but we are looking for something a bit more elaborate as the downtime from the delete * is unacceptable. This is all reference data that controls menu items, functionality etc of a major website. I have a sproc that essentially returns a diff of two tables. My thinking is that I can insert all the expected data in to a tmp table, execute the diff, and drop anything from the destination table that is not in the source and then upsert everything else. The question is that is there an easy way to do this without using a cursor? To illustrate the sproc returns a recordset structured like this: TableName Col1 Col2 Col3 Dest Src Anything in the recordset with TableName = Dest should be deleted (as it does not exist in src) and anything in Src should be upserted in to dest. I cannot think of a way to do this purely set based but my DB-fu is weak. Any help would be appreciated. Apologies if the explanation is sketchy; let me know if you need anymore details.

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• Managing resource closure in a servlet container

  - by Steven Schlansker

  I'm using Tomcat as a servlet container, and have many WARs deployed. Many of the WARs share common base classes, which are replicated in each context due to the different classloaders, etc. How can I ensure resource cleanup on context destruction, without hooking each and every web.xml file to add context listeners? Ideally, I'd like something along the lines of class MyResourceHolder implements SomeListenerInterface { private SomeResource resource; { SomeContextThingie.registerDestructionListener(this); } public void onDestroy() { resource.close(); } } I could put something in each web.xml, but since there are potentially many WARs and only ones that actually initialize the resource need to clean it up, it seems more natural to register for cleanup when the resource is initialized rather than duplicating a lot of XML configuration and then maybe cleaning up. (In this particular case, I'm initiating an orderly shutdown of a SQL connection pool. But I see this being useful in many other situations as well...) I'm sure there's some blisteringly obvious solution out there, but my Google-fu is failing me right now. Thanks!

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