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• collision detection problems - Javascript/canvas game

  - by Tom Burman

  Ok here is a more detailed version of my question. What i want to do: i simply want the have a 2d array to represent my game map. i want a player sprite and i want that sprite to be able to move around my map freely using the keyboard and also have collisions with certain tiles of my map array. i want to use very large maps so i need a viewport. What i have: I have a loop to load the tile images into an array: /Loop to load tile images into an array var mapTiles = []; for (x = 0; x <= 256; x++) { var imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image imageObj.src = "images/prototype/"+x+".jpg"; mapTiles.push(imageObj); } I have a 2d array for my game map: //Array to hold map data var board = [ [1,2,3,4,3,4,3,4,5,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [17,18,19,20,19,20,19,20,21,22,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [33,34,35,36,35,36,35,36,37,38,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [49,50,51,52,51,52,51,52,53,54,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1], [65,66,67,68,146,147,67,68,69,70,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1], [81,82,83,161,162,163,164,84,85,86,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1], [97,98,99,177,178,179,180,100,101,102,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1], [1,1,238,1,1,1,1,239,240,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [216,217,254,1,1,1,1,255,256,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [232,233,1,1,1,117,118,1,1,1,220,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1], [248,249,1,1,1,133,134,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,1,1,216,217,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,149,150,151,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,232,233,1,1,1], [12,12,12,12,12,12,12,13,1,1,1,1,165,166,167,1,1,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,248,249,1,1,1], [28,28,28,28,28,28,28,29,1,1,1,1,181,182,183,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [44,44,44,44,44,15,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,59,1,1,197,198,199,1,1,1,1,119,120,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,216,217,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,213,214,215,1,1,1,1,135,136,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,232,233,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,229,230,231,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,248,249,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,245,246,247,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,197,198,199,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,213,214,215,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,1,1,1,204,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,229,230,231,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,220,1,1,1,1,119,120,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,245,246,247,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,135,136,1,1,60,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], [1,1,1,1,1,27,28,29,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] ]; I have my loop to place the correct tile sin the correct positions: //Loop to place tiles onto screen in correct position for (x = 0; x <= viewWidth; x++){ for (y = 0; y <= viewHeight; y++){ var width = 32; var height = 32; context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); } } I Have my player object : //Place player object context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); I have my viewport setup: //Set viewport pos viewX = playerX - Math.floor(0.5 * viewWidth); if (viewX < 0) viewX = 0; if (viewX+viewWidth > worldWidth) viewX = worldWidth - viewWidth; viewY = playerY - Math.floor(0.5 * viewHeight); if (viewY < 0) viewY = 0; if (viewY+viewHeight > worldHeight) viewY = worldHeight - viewHeight; I have my player movement: canvas.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { console.log(e); var key = null; switch (e.which) { case 37: // Left if (playerY > 0) playerY--; break; case 38: // Up if (playerX > 0) playerX--; break; case 39: // Right if (playerY < worldWidth) playerY++; break; case 40: // Down if (playerX < worldHeight) playerX++; break; } My Problem: I have my map loading an it looks fine, but my player position thinks it's on a different tile to what it actually is. So for instance, i know that if my player moves left 1 tile, the value of that tile should be 2, but if i print out the value it should be moving to (2), it comes up with a different value. How ive tried to solve the problem: I have tried swap X and Y values for the initialization of my player, for when my map prints. If i swap the x and y values in this part of my code: context.drawImage(mapTiles[board[y+viewY][x+viewX]],x*width, y*height); The map doesnt get draw correctly at all and tiles are placed all in random positions or orientations IF i sway the x and y values for my player in this line : context.drawImage(playerImg, (playerX-viewX)*32,(playerY-viewY)*32, 32, 32); The players movements are inversed, so up and down keys move my player left and right viceversa. My question: Where am i going wrong in my code, and how do i solve it so i have my map looking like it should and my player moving as it should as well as my player returning the correct tileID it is standing on or moving too. Thanks Again ALSO Here is a link to my whole code: prototype

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• C# 2D Camera Max Zoom

  - by Craig

  I have a simple ship sprite moving around the screen along with a 2D Camera. I have zooming in and out working, however when I zoom out it goes past the world bounds and has the cornflower blue background showing. How do I sort it that I can only zoom out as far as showing the entire world (which is a picture of OZ) and thats it? I dont want any of the cornflower blue showing. Cheers! namespace GamesCoursework_1 { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // player variables Texture2D Ship; Vector2 Ship_Position; float Ship_Rotation = 0.0f; Vector2 Ship_Origin; Vector2 Ship_Velocity; const float tangentialVelocity = 4f; float friction = 0.05f; static Point CameraViewport = new Point(800, 800); Camera2d cam = new Camera2d((int)CameraViewport.X, (int)CameraViewport.Y); //Size of world static Point worldSize = new Point(1600, 1600); // Screen variables static Point worldCenter = new Point(worldSize.X / 2, worldSize.Y / 2); Rectangle playerBounds = new Rectangle(CameraViewport.X / 2, CameraViewport.Y / 2, worldSize.X - CameraViewport.X, worldSize.Y - CameraViewport.Y); Rectangle worldBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, worldSize.X, worldSize.Y); Texture2D background; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = CameraViewport.X; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = CameraViewport.Y; Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here Ship = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Ship"); Ship_Origin.X = Ship.Width / 2; Ship_Origin.Y = Ship.Height / 2; background = Content.Load<Texture2D>("aus"); Ship_Position = new Vector2(worldCenter.X, worldCenter.Y); cam.Pos = Ship_Position; cam.Zoom = 1f; } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here Ship_Position = Ship_Velocity + Ship_Position; keyPressed(); base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null,null, cam.get_transformation(GraphicsDevice)); spriteBatch.Draw(background, Vector2.Zero, Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(Ship, Ship_Position, Ship.Bounds, Color.White, Ship_Rotation, Ship_Origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0f); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void Ship_Move(Vector2 move) { Ship_Position += move; } private void keyPressed() { KeyboardState keyState; // Move right keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation + 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation - 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { Ship_Velocity.X = (float)Math.Cos(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; Ship_Velocity.Y = (float)Math.Sin(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; Ship_Position += new Vector2(tangentialVelocity, 0); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity, 0.0f); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity * 2); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, 2 * tangentialVelocity); } else if(Ship_Velocity != Vector2.Zero) { float i = Ship_Velocity.X; float j = Ship_Velocity.Y; Ship_Velocity.X = i -= friction * i; Ship_Velocity.Y = j -= friction * j; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; Ship_Position += new Vector2(tangentialVelocity, 0); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity, 0.0f); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(-tangentialVelocity * 2, 0.0f); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity * 2); Ship_Position += new Vector2(0.0f, tangentialVelocity); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, 2 * tangentialVelocity); } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Q)) { if (cam.Zoom < 2f) cam.Zoom += 0.05f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (cam.Zoom > 0.3f) cam.Zoom -= 0.05f; } } } }

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• User Input That Involves A ' ' Causes A Substring Out Of Range Error

  - by Greenhouse Gases

  Hi Stackoverflow people. You have already helped me quite a bit but near the end of writing this program I have somewhat of a bug. You see in order to read in city names with a space in from a text file I use a '/' that is then replaced by the program for a ' ' (and when the serializer runs the opposite happens for next time the program is run). The problem is when a user inputs a name too add, search for, or delete that contains a space, for instance 'New York' I get a Debug Assertion Error with a substring out of range expression. I have a feeling it's to do with my correctCase function, or setElementsNull that looks at the string until it experiences a null element in the array, however ' ' is not null so I'm not sure how to fix this and I'm going a bit insane. Any help would be much appreciated. Here is my code: // U08221.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" #include <_iostream> #include <_string> #include <_fstream> #include <_cmath> using namespace std; class locationNode { public: string nodeCityName; double nodeLati; double nodeLongi; locationNode* Next; locationNode(string nameOf, double lat, double lon) { this->nodeCityName = nameOf; this->nodeLati = lat; this->nodeLongi = lon; this->Next = NULL; } locationNode() // NULL constructor { } void swapProps(locationNode *node2) { locationNode place; place.nodeCityName = this->nodeCityName; place.nodeLati = this->nodeLati; place.nodeLongi = this->nodeLongi; this->nodeCityName = node2->nodeCityName; this->nodeLati = node2->nodeLati; this->nodeLongi = node2->nodeLongi; node2->nodeCityName = place.nodeCityName; node2->nodeLati = place.nodeLati; node2->nodeLongi = place.nodeLongi; } void modify(string name) { this->nodeCityName = name; } void modify(double latlon, int mod) { switch(mod) { case 2: this->nodeLati = latlon; break; case 3: this->nodeLongi = latlon; break; } } void correctCase() // Correct upper and lower case letters of input { int MAX_SIZE = 35; int firstLetVal = this->nodeCityName[0], letVal; int n = 1; // variable for name index from second letter onwards if((this->nodeCityName[0] >90) && (this->nodeCityName[0] < 123)) // First letter is lower case { firstLetVal = firstLetVal - 32; // Capitalise first letter this->nodeCityName[0] = firstLetVal; } while(this->nodeCityName[n] != NULL) { if((this->nodeCityName[n] >= 65) && (this->nodeCityName[n] <= 90)) { if(this->nodeCityName[n - 1] != 32) { letVal = this->nodeCityName[n] + 32; this->nodeCityName[n] = letVal; } } n++; } } }; Here is the main part of the program: // U08221.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" #include "Locations2.h" #include <_iostream> #include <_string> #include <_fstream> #include <_cmath> using namespace std; #define pi 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288 #define radius 6371 #define gig 1073741824 //size of a gigabyte in bytes int n = 0,x, locationCount = 0, MAX_SIZE = 35 , g = 0, i = 0, modKey = 0, xx; string cityNameInput, alter; char targetCity[35], skipKey = ' '; double lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, dist, dummy, modVal, result; bool acceptedInput = false, match = false, nodeExists = false;// note: addLocation(), set to true to enable user input as opposed to txt file locationNode *temp, *temp2, *example, *seek, *bridge, *start_ptr = NULL; class Menu { int junction; public: /* Convert decimal degrees to radians */ public: void setElementsNull(char cityParam[]) { int y=0; while(cityParam[y] != NULL) { y++; } while(y < MAX_SIZE) { cityParam[y] = NULL; y++; } } void correctCase(string name) // Correct upper and lower case letters of input { int MAX_SIZE = 35; int firstLetVal = name[0], letVal; int n = 1; // variable for name index from second letter onwards if((name[0] >90) && (name[0] < 123)) // First letter is lower case { firstLetVal = firstLetVal - 32; // Capitalise first letter name[0] = firstLetVal; } while(name[n] != NULL) { if((name[n] >= 65) && (name[n] <= 90)) { letVal = name[n] + 32; name[n] = letVal; } n++; } for(n = 0; targetCity[n] != NULL; n++) { targetCity[n] = name[n]; } } bool nodeExistTest(char targetCity[]) // see if entry is present in the database { match = false; seek = start_ptr; int letters = 0, letters2 = 0, x = 0, y = 0; while(targetCity[y] != NULL) { letters2++; y++; } while(x <= locationCount) // locationCount is number of entries currently in list { y=0, letters = 0; while(seek->nodeCityName[y] != NULL) // count letters in the current name { letters++; y++; } if(letters == letters2) // same amount of letters in the name { y = 0; while(y <= letters) // compare each letter against one another { if(targetCity[y] == seek->nodeCityName[y]) { match = true; y++; } else { match = false; y = letters + 1; // no match, terminate comparison } } } if(match) { x = locationCount + 1; //found match so terminate loop } else{ if(seek->Next != NULL) { bridge = seek; seek = seek->Next; x++; } else { x = locationCount + 1; // end of list so terminate loop } } } return match; } double deg2rad(double deg) { return (deg * pi / 180); } /* Convert radians to decimal degrees */ double rad2deg(double rad) { return (rad * 180 / pi); } /* Do the calculation */ double distance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2, double dist) { dist = sin(deg2rad(lat1)) * sin(deg2rad(lat2)) + cos(deg2rad(lat1)) * cos(deg2rad(lat2)) * cos(deg2rad(lon1 - lon2)); dist = acos(dist); dist = rad2deg(dist); dist = (radius * pi * dist) / 180; return dist; } void serialise() { // Serialize to format that can be written to text file fstream outfile; outfile.open("locations.txt",ios::out); temp = start_ptr; do { for(xx = 0; temp->nodeCityName[xx] != NULL; xx++) { if(temp->nodeCityName[xx] == 32) { temp->nodeCityName[xx] = 47; } } outfile << endl << temp->nodeCityName<< " "; outfile<<temp->nodeLati<< " "; outfile<<temp->nodeLongi; temp = temp->Next; }while(temp != NULL); outfile.close(); } void sortList() // do this { int changes = 1; locationNode *node1, *node2; while(changes > 0) // while changes are still being made to the list execute { node1 = start_ptr; node2 = node1->Next; changes = 0; do { xx = 1; if(node1->nodeCityName[0] > node2->nodeCityName[0]) //compare first letter of name with next in list { node1->swapProps(node2); // should come after the next in the list changes++; } else if(node1->nodeCityName[0] == node2->nodeCityName[0]) // if same first letter { while(node1->nodeCityName[xx] == node2->nodeCityName[xx]) // check next letter of name { if((node1->nodeCityName[xx + 1] != NULL) && (node2->nodeCityName[xx + 1] != NULL)) // check next letter until not the same { xx++; } else break; } if(node1->nodeCityName[xx] > node2->nodeCityName[xx]) { node1->swapProps(node2); // should come after the next in the list changes++; } } node1 = node2; node2 = node2->Next; // move to next pair in list } while(node2 != NULL); } } void initialise() { cout << "Populating List..."; ifstream inputFile; inputFile.open ("locations.txt", ios::in); char inputName[35] = " "; double inputLati = 0, inputLongi = 0; //temp = new locationNode(inputName, inputLati, inputLongi); do { inputFile.get(inputName, 35, ' '); inputFile >> inputLati; inputFile >> inputLongi; if(inputName[0] == 10 || 13) //remove linefeed from input { for(int i = 0; inputName[i] != NULL; i++) { inputName[i] = inputName[i + 1]; } } for(xx = 0; inputName[xx] != NULL; xx++) { if(inputName[xx] == 47) // if it is a '/' { inputName[xx] = 32; // replace it for a space } } temp = new locationNode(inputName, inputLati, inputLongi); if(start_ptr == NULL){ // if list is currently empty, start_ptr will point to this node start_ptr = temp; } else { temp2 = start_ptr; // We know this is not NULL - list not empty! while (temp2->Next != NULL) { temp2 = temp2->Next; // Move to next link in chain until reach end of list } temp2->Next = temp; } ++locationCount; // increment counter for number of records in list } while(!inputFile.eof()); cout << "Successful!" << endl << "List contains: " << locationCount << " entries" << endl; inputFile.close(); cout << endl << "*******************************************************************" << endl << "DISTANCE CALCULATOR v2.0\tAuthors: Darius Hodaei, Joe Clifton" << endl; } void menuInput() { char menuChoice = ' '; while(menuChoice != 'Q') { // Menu if(skipKey != 'X') // This is set by case 'S' below if a searched term does not exist but wants to be added { cout << endl << "*******************************************************************" << endl; cout << "Please enter a choice for the menu..." << endl << endl; cout << "(P) To print out the list" << endl << "(O) To order the list alphabetically" << endl << "(A) To add a location" << endl << "(D) To delete a record" << endl << "(C) To calculate distance between two points" << endl << "(S) To search for a location in the list" << endl << "(M) To check memory usage" << endl << "(U) To update a record" << endl << "(Q) To quit" << endl; cout << endl << "*******************************************************************" << endl; cin >> menuChoice; if(menuChoice >= 97) { menuChoice = menuChoice - 32; // Turn the lower case letter into an upper case letter } } skipKey = ' '; //Reset skipKey so that it does not skip the menu switch(menuChoice) { case 'P': temp = start_ptr; // set temp to the start of the list do { if (temp == NULL) { cout << "You have reached the end of the database" << endl; } else { // Display details for what temp points to at that stage cout << "Location : " << temp->nodeCityName << endl; cout << "Latitude : " << temp->nodeLati << endl; cout << "Longitude : " << temp->nodeLongi << endl; cout << endl; // Move on to next locationNode if one exists temp = temp->Next; } } while (temp != NULL); break; case 'O': { sortList(); // pass by reference??? cout << "List reordered alphabetically" << endl; } break; case 'A': char cityName[35]; double lati, longi; cout << endl << "Enter the name of the location: "; cin >> cityName; for(xx = 0; cityName[xx] != NULL; xx++) { if(cityName[xx] == 47) // if it is a '/' { cityName[xx] = 32; // replace it for a space } } if(!nodeExistTest(cityName)) { cout << endl << "Please enter the latitude value for this location: "; cin >> lati; cout << endl << "Please enter the longitude value for this location: "; cin >> longi; cout << endl; temp = new locationNode(cityName, lati, longi); temp->correctCase(); //start_ptr allignment if(start_ptr == NULL){ // if list is currently empty, start_ptr will point to this node start_ptr = temp; } else { temp2 = start_ptr; // We know this is not NULL - list not empty! while (temp2->Next != NULL) { temp2 = temp2->Next; // Move to next link in chain until reach end of list } temp2->Next = temp; } ++locationCount; // increment counter for number of records in list cout << "Location sucessfully added to the database! There are " << locationCount << " location(s) stored" << endl; } else { cout << "Node is already present in the list and so cannot be added again" << endl; } break; case 'D': { junction = 0; locationNode *place; cout << "Enter the name of the city you wish to remove" << endl; cin >> targetCity; setElementsNull(targetCity); correctCase(targetCity); for(xx = 0; targetCity[xx] != NULL; xx++) { if(targetCity[xx] == 47) { targetCity[xx] = 32; } } if(nodeExistTest(targetCity)) //if this node does exist { if(seek == start_ptr) // if it is the first in the list { junction = 1; } if(seek->Next == NULL) // if it is last in the list { junction = 2; } switch(junction) // will alter list accordingly dependant on where the searched for link is { case 1: start_ptr = start_ptr->Next; delete seek; --locationCount; break; case 2: place = seek; seek = bridge; seek->Next = NULL; delete place; --locationCount; break; default: bridge->Next = seek->Next; delete seek; --locationCount; break; } cout << endl << "Link deleted. There are now " << locationCount << " locations." << endl; } else { cout << "That entry does not currently exist" << endl << endl << endl; } } break; case 'C': { char city1[35], city2[35]; cout << "Enter the first city name" << endl; cin >> city1; setElementsNull(city1); correctCase(targetCity); if(nodeExistTest(city1)) { lat1 = seek->nodeLati; lon1 = seek->nodeLongi; cout << "Lati = " << seek->nodeLati << endl << "Longi = " << seek->nodeLongi << endl << endl; } cout << "Enter the second city name" << endl; cin >> city2; setElementsNull(city2); correctCase(targetCity); if(nodeExistTest(city2)) { lat2 = seek->nodeLati; lon2 = seek->nodeLongi; cout << "Lati = " << seek->nodeLati << endl << "Longi = " << seek->nodeLongi << endl << endl; } result = distance (lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, dist); cout << "The distance between these two locations is " << result << " kilometres." << endl; } break; case 'S': { char choice; cout << "Enter search term..." << endl; cin >> targetCity; setElementsNull(targetCity); correctCase(targetCity); if(nodeExistTest(targetCity)) { cout << "Latitude: " << seek->nodeLati << endl << "Longitude: " << seek->nodeLongi << endl; } else { cout << "Sorry, that city is not currently present in the list." << endl << "Would you like to add this city now Y/N?" << endl; cin >> choice; /*while(choice != ('Y' || 'N')) { cout << "Please enter a valid choice..." << endl; cin >> choice; }*/ switch(choice) { case 'Y': skipKey = 'X'; menuChoice = 'A'; break; case 'N': break; default : cout << "Invalid choice" << endl; break; } } break; } case 'M': { cout << "Locations currently stored: " << locationCount << endl << "Memory used for this: " << (sizeof(start_ptr) * locationCount) << " bytes" << endl << endl << "You can store " << ((gig - (sizeof(start_ptr) * locationCount)) / sizeof(start_ptr)) << " more locations" << endl ; break; } case 'U': { cout << "Enter the name of the Location you would like to update: "; cin >> targetCity; setElementsNull(targetCity); correctCase(targetCity); if(nodeExistTest(targetCity)) { cout << "Select (1) to alter City Name, (2) to alter Longitude, (3) to alter Latitude" << endl; cin >> modKey; switch(modKey) { case 1: cout << "Enter the new name: "; cin >> alter; cout << endl; seek->modify(alter); break; case 2: cout << "Enter the new latitude: "; cin >> modVal; cout << endl; seek->modify(modVal, modKey); break; case 3: cout << "Enter the new longitude: "; cin >> modVal; cout << endl; seek->modify(modVal, modKey); break; default: break; } } else cout << "Location not found" << endl; break; } } } } }; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { Menu mm; //mm.initialise(); mm.menuInput(); mm.serialise(); }

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, February 26, 2010

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Friday, February 26, 2010New Projectsaion-gamecp: Aion Gamecp for aion Private server based on Aion UniqueAzure Email Queuer: Azure Email Queuer makes it easier for Developers Programming in the Cloud to Queue Emails to keep the UI Thread Clear for Requests. Developed w...BIG1: Bob and Ian's Game. Written using XNA Game Studio Express. Basically an update of David Braben and Ian Bell's classic game "Elite." This is a nonco...CMS7: CMS7 The CMS7 is composed of three module. (1)Main CMS Business (2)Process Customization (3)Role/Department CustomizationCoreSharp Networking Core: A simple to use framework to develop efficient client/server application. The framework is part of my project at school and I hope it will benefit ...Fullscreen Countdown: Small and basic countdown application. The countdown window can be resized to fit any size to display the minutes elapsed. Developped in C#, .NET F...IRC4N00bz: Learning sockets, events, delegates, SQL, and IRC commands all in one big project! It's written in C# (Csharp) and hope you find it helpfull, or ev...LjSystem: This project is a collection of my extensions to the BCLMP3 Tags Management: A software to manage the tags of MP3 filesnetone: All net in oneNext Dart (Dublin Area Rapid Transport): The shows the times of the next darts from a given station. It is a windows application that updates automatically and so is easier to use than th...PChat - An OCDotNet.Org Presentation: PChat is a multithreaded pinnable chat server and client. It is designed to be a demonstration of Visual Studio 2010 MVC 2, for ocdotnet.org Use...Pittsburgh Code Camp iPhone App: The Pittsburgh Code Camp iPhone Application is meant as a demonstration of the creation of an iPhone application while at the same time providing t...Radical: Radical is an infrastructure frameworkRadioAutomation: Windows application for radio automation.SilverSynth - Digital Audio Synthesis for Silverlight: SilverSynth is a digial audio synthesis library for Silverlight developers to create synthesized wave forms from code. It supports synthesis of sin...SkeinLibManaged: This implementation of the Skein Cryptographic Hash function is written entirely in Managed CSharp. It is posted here to share with the world at l...SpecExplorerEval: We are checking out spec explorer and presenting on its useSPOJemu: This is a SPOJ emulator. It allows you to define tests in xml and then check your application if it's working as you expected.The C# Skype Chat bot: A Skype bot in C# for managing Skype chats.VS 2010 Architecture Layers Patterns: Architecture layers patterns toolbox items for layers diagrams.Yakiimo3D: Mostly DirectX 11 programming tutorials.代码生成器: Project DetailsNew ReleasesArkSwitch: ArkSwitch v1.1.1: This release fixes a crash that occurs when certain processes with multiple primary windows are encountered.BTP Tools: CSB, CUV and HCSB e-Sword files 2010-02-26: include csb.bbl csb+.bbl csb.cmt csbc.dct cuv.bbl cuv+.bbl cuv.cmt cuvc.dct hcsb+.bbl hcsbc.dct files for e-Sword 8.0BubbleBurst: BubbleBurst v1.1: This is the second release of BubbleBurst, the subject of the book Advanced MVVM. This release contains a minor fix that was added after the book ...DevTreks -social budgeting that improves lives and livelihoods: Social Budgeting Web Software, alpha 3b: Alpha 3b simplifies and strengthens state management. With the exception of linked lists, the internal mechanics of addins have not been improved...Dragonrealms PvpStance plugin for Genie: 1.0.0.4: This updated is needed now that the DR server move broke the "profile soandso pvp" syntax. This version will capture the pvp stance out of the full...FastCode: FastCode 1.0: Definitions <integerType> : byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulond <floatType> : float, double, decimal Base types extensions Intege...Fullscreen Countdown: Fullscreen Countdown 1.0: First versionIRC4N00bz: IRC4N00bz_02252010.zip: I'm calling it a night. Here's the dll for where I'm at so far. It works, just lakcs some abilities. Anything not included can be pulled from th...Labrado: Labrado MiniTimer: Labrado MiniTimer is a convenient timer tool designed and implemented for GMAT test preparation.LINQ to VFP: LinqToVfp (v1.0.17.1): Cleaned up WCF Data Service Expression Tree. (details...) This build requires IQToolkit v0.17b.Microsoft Health Common User Interface: Release 8.0.200.000: This is version 8.0 of the Microsoft® Health Common User Interface Control Toolkit. The scope and requirements of this release are based on materia...Mini SQL Query: Mini SQL Query Funky Dev Build (RC1+): The "Funk Dev Build" bit is that I added a couple of features I think are pretty cool. It is a "dev" build but I class it as stable. Find Object...Neovolve: Neovolve.BlogEngine.Extensions 1.2: Updated extensions to work with BE 1.6. Updated Snippets extension to better handle excluded tags and fixed regex bug. Added SyntaxHighlighter exte...Neovolve: Neovolve.BlogEngine.Web 1.1: Update to support BE version 1.6 Neovolve.BlogEngine.Web 1.1 contains a redirector module that translates Community Server url formats into BlogEn...Next Dart (Dublin Area Rapid Transport): 1.0: There are 2 files NextDart 1.0.zip This contains just the files. Extract it to a folder and run NextDart.exe. NextDart 1.0 Intaller.zip This c...Powershell4SQL: Version 1.2: Changes from version 1.1 Added additional attributes to simplify syntax. Server and Database become optional. Defaulted to (local) and 'master' ...Radical: Radical (Desktop) 1.0: First stable dropRaidTracker: Raid Tracker: a few tweaksRaiser's Edge API Developer Toolkit: Alpha Release 1: This is an untested, alpha release. Contains RE API Toolkit built using 7.85 Dlls and 7.91 Dlls.SharePoint Enhanced Calendar by ArtfulBits: ArtfulBits.EnhancedCalendar v1.3: New Features: Simple to activate mechanism added (add Enhanced Calendar Web Part on the same page as standard calendar) Support for any type of S...Silverlight 4.0 Com Library for SQL Server Access: Version 1.0: This is the intial alpha release. It includes ExecuteQuery, ExecuteNonQuery and ExecuteScalar routines. See roadmap section of home page for detai...Silverlight HTML 5 Canvas: SLCanvas 1.1: This release enables <canvas renderMethod="auto" onload="runme(this)"></canvas> or <canvas renderMethod="Silverlight" onload="runme(this)"></ca...SilverSynth - Digital Audio Synthesis for Silverlight: SilverSynth 1.0: Source code including demo application.StringDefs: StringDefs Alpha Release 1.01: In this release of the Library few namespaces are added.STSDev 2008: STSDev 2008 2.1: Update to the StsDev 2008 project to correct Manifest Building issues.Text to HTML: 0.4.0.2: Cambios de la versión:Correcciones menores en el sistema de traducción. Controlada la excepción aparecida al suprimir los archivos de idioma. A...The Silverlight Hyper Video Player [http://slhvp.com]: Release 4 - Friendly User Release (Pre-Beta): Release 4 - Friendly User Release (Pre-Beta) This version of the code has much of the design that we plan to go forward with for Mix and utilizes a...TreeSizeNet: TreeSizeNet 0.10.2: - Assemblies merged in one executableVCC: Latest build, v2.1.30225.0: Automatic drop of latest buildVCC: Latest build, v2.1.30225.1: Automatic drop of latest buildVS 2010 Architecture Layers Patterns: VS 2010 RC Architecture Layers Patterns v1.0: Architecture layers patterns toolbox items based on the Microsoft Application Architecture Guide, 2nd Edition for the layer diagram designer of Vi...Yakiimo3D: DirectX11 BitonicSortCPU Source and Binary: DirectX11 BitonicSortCPU sample source and binary.Yakiimo3D: DirectX11 MandelbrotGPU Source and Binary: DirectX11 MandelbrotGPU source and binary.Most Popular ProjectsVSLabOSIS Interop TestsRawrWBFS ManagerAJAX Control ToolkitMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseSilverlight ToolkitWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)ASP.NETMicrosoft SQL Server Community & SamplesMost Active ProjectsDinnerNow.netRawrBlogEngine.NETSLARToolkit - Silverlight Augmented Reality ToolkitInfoServiceSharpMap - Geospatial Application Framework for the CLRCommon Context AdaptersNB_Store - Free DotNetNuke Ecommerce Catalog ModulejQuery Library for SharePoint Web Servicespatterns & practices – Enterprise Library

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• Create nice animation on your ASP.NET Menu control using jQuery

  - by hajan

  In this blog post, I will show how you can apply some nice animation effects on your ASP.NET Menu control. ASP.NET Menu control offers many possibilities, but together with jQuery, you can make very rich, interactive menu accompanied with animations and effects. Lets start with an example: - Create new ASP.NET Web Application and give it a name - Open your Default.aspx page (or any other .aspx page where you will create the menu) - Our page ASPX code is: <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div id="menu">     <asp:Menu ID="Menu1" runat="server" Orientation="Horizontal" RenderingMode="List">                     <Items>             <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Default.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Home.png" Text="Home" Value="Home"  />             <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/About.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Friends.png" Text="About Us" Value="AboutUs" />             <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Products.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Box.png" Text="Products" Value="Products" />             <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Contact.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Chat.png" Text="Contact Us" Value="ContactUs" />         </Items>     </asp:Menu> </div> </form> As you can see, we have ASP.NET Menu with Horizontal orientation and RenderMode=”List”. It has four Menu Items where for each I have specified NavigateUrl, ImageUrl, Text and Value properties. All images are in Images folder in the root directory of this web application. The images I’m using for this demo are from Free Web Icons. - Next, lets create CSS for the LI and A tags (place this code inside head tag) <style type="text/css">     li     {         border:1px solid black;         padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;         width:110px;         background-color:Gray;         color:White;         cursor:pointer;     }     a { color:White; font-family:Tahoma; } </style> This is nothing very important and you can change the style as you want. - Now, lets reference the jQuery core library directly from Microsoft CDN. <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.min.js"></script> - And we get to the most interesting part, applying the animations with jQuery Before we move on writing jQuery code, lets see what is the HTML code that our ASP.NET Menu control generates in the client browser.   <ul class="level1">     <li><a class="level1" href="Default.aspx"><img src="Images/Home.png" alt="" title="" class="icon" />Home</a></li>     <li><a class="level1" href="About.aspx"><img src="Images/Friends.png" alt="" title="" class="icon" />About Us</a></li>     <li><a class="level1" href="Products.aspx"><img src="Images/Box.png" alt="" title="" class="icon" />Products</a></li>     <li><a class="level1" href="Contact.aspx"><img src="Images/Chat.png" alt="" title="" class="icon" />Contact Us</a></li> </ul>   So, it generates unordered list which has class level1 and for each item creates li element with an anchor with image + menu text inside it. If we want to access the list element only from our menu (not other list element sin the page), we need to use the following jQuery selector: “ul.level1 li”, which will find all li elements which have parent element ul with class level1. Hence, the jQuery code is:   <script type="text/javascript">     $(function () {         $("ul.level1 li").hover(function () {             $(this).stop().animate({ opacity: 0.7, width: "170px" }, "slow");         }, function () {             $(this).stop().animate({ opacity: 1, width: "110px" }, "slow");         });     }); </script>   I’m using hover, so that the animation will occur once we go over the menu item. The two different functions are one for the over, the other for the out effect. The following line $(this).stop().animate({ opacity: 0.7, width: "170px" }, "slow");     does the real job. So, this will first stop any previous animations (if any) that are in progress and will animate the menu item by giving to it opacity of 0.7 and changing the width to 170px (the default width is 110px as in the defined CSS style for li tag). This happens on mouse over. The second function on mouse out reverts the opacity and width properties to the default ones. The last parameter “slow” is the speed of the animation. The end result is:   The complete ASPX code: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server">     <title>ASP.NET Menu + jQuery</title>     <style type="text/css">         li         {             border:1px solid black;             padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;             width:110px;             background-color:Gray;             color:White;             cursor:pointer;         }         a { color:White; font-family:Tahoma; }     </style>     <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.4.4.min.js"></script>     <script type="text/javascript">         $(function () {             $("ul.level1 li").hover(function () {                 $(this).stop().animate({ opacity: 0.7, width: "170px" }, "slow");             }, function () {                 $(this).stop().animate({ opacity: 1, width: "110px" }, "slow");             });         });     </script> </head> <body>     <form id="form1" runat="server">     <div id="menu">         <asp:Menu ID="Menu1" runat="server" Orientation="Horizontal" RenderingMode="List">                         <Items>                 <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Default.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Home.png" Text="Home" Value="Home"  />                 <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/About.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Friends.png" Text="About Us" Value="AboutUs" />                 <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Products.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Box.png" Text="Products" Value="Products" />                 <asp:MenuItem NavigateUrl="~/Contact.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Images/Chat.png" Text="Contact Us" Value="ContactUs" />             </Items>         </asp:Menu>     </div>     </form> </body> </html> Hope this was useful. Regards, Hajan

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• Libgdx - 2D Mesh rendering overlap glitch

  - by user46858

  I am trying to render a 2D circle segment mesh (quarter circle)using Libgdx/Opengl ES 2.0 but I seem to be getting an overlapping issue as seen in the picture attached. I cant seem to find the cause of the problem but the overlapping disappears/reappears if I drag and resize the window to random sizes. The problem occurs on both pc and android. The strange thing is the first two segments atleast dont seem to be causing any overlapping only the third and/or forth segment.......even though they are all rendered using the same mesh object..... I have spent ages trying to find the cause of the problem before posting here for help so ANY help/advice in finding the cause of this problem would be really appreciated. public class MyGdxGame extends Game { private SpriteBatch batch; private Texture texture; private OrthographicCamera myCamera; private float w; private float h; private ShaderProgram circleSegShader; private Mesh circleScaleSegMesh; private Stage stage; private float TotalSegments; Vector3 virtualres; @Override public void create() { w = Gdx.graphics.getWidth(); h = Gdx.graphics.getHeight(); batch = new SpriteBatch(); ViewPortsize = new Vector2(); TotalSegments = 4.0f; virtualres = new Vector3(1280.0f, 720.0f, 0.0f); myCamera = new OrthographicCamera(); myCamera.setToOrtho(false, w, h); texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/libgdx.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Linear, TextureFilter.Linear); circleScaleSegMesh = createCircleMesh_V3(0.0f,0.0f,200.0f, 30.0f,3, (360.0f /TotalSegments) ); circleSegShader = loadShaderFromFile(new String("circleseg.vert"), new String("circleseg.frag")); shaderProgram.pedantic = false; stage = new Stage(); stage.setViewport(new ExtendViewport(w, h)); Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage); } @Override public void render() { .... //render renderInit(); renderCircleScaledSegment(); } @Override public void resize(int width, int height) { stage.getViewport().update(width, height, true); myCamera.position.set( virtualres.x/2.0f, virtualres.y/2.0f, 0.0f); myCamera.update(); } public void renderInit(){ Gdx.gl20.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); Gdx.gl20.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); batch.setShader(null); batch.setProjectionMatrix(myCamera.combined); } public void renderCircleScaledSegment(){ Gdx.gl20.glEnable(GL20.GL_DEPTH_TEST); Gdx.gl20.glBlendFunc(GL20.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); Gdx.gl20.glEnable(GL20.GL_BLEND); batch.begin(); circleSegShader.begin(); Matrix4 modelMatrix = new Matrix4(); Matrix4 cameraMatrix = new Matrix4(); Matrix4 cameraMatrix2 = new Matrix4(); Matrix4 cameraMatrix3 = new Matrix4(); Matrix4 cameraMatrix4 = new Matrix4(); cameraMatrix = myCamera.combined.cpy(); modelMatrix.idt().rotate(new Vector3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 0.0f - ((360.0f /TotalSegments)/ 2.0f)).trn(virtualres.x/2.0f,virtualres.y/2.0f, 0.0f); cameraMatrix.mul(modelMatrix); cameraMatrix2 = myCamera.combined.cpy(); modelMatrix.idt().rotate(new Vector3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 0.0f - ((360.0f /TotalSegments)/ 2.0f) +(360.0f /TotalSegments) ).trn(virtualres.x/2.0f,virtualres.y/2.0f, 0.0f); cameraMatrix2.mul(modelMatrix); cameraMatrix3 = myCamera.combined.cpy(); modelMatrix.idt().rotate(new Vector3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 0.0f - ((360.0f /TotalSegments)/ 2.0f) +(2*(360.0f /TotalSegments))).trn(virtualres.x/2.0f,virtualres.y/2.0f, 0.0f); cameraMatrix3.mul(modelMatrix); cameraMatrix4 = myCamera.combined.cpy(); modelMatrix.idt().rotate(new Vector3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f),0.0f - ((360.0f /TotalSegments)/ 2.0f) +(3*(360.0f /TotalSegments)) ).trn(virtualres.x/2.0f,virtualres.y/2.0f, 0.0f); cameraMatrix4.mul(modelMatrix); Vector3 box2dpos = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); circleSegShader.setUniformMatrix("u_projTrans", cameraMatrix); circleSegShader.setUniformf("u_box2dpos", box2dpos); circleSegShader.setUniformi("u_texture", 0); texture.bind(); circleScaleSegMesh.render(circleSegShader, GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); circleSegShader.setUniformMatrix("u_projTrans", cameraMatrix2); circleSegShader.setUniformf("u_box2dpos", box2dpos); circleSegShader.setUniformi("u_texture", 0); texture.bind(); circleScaleSegMesh.render(circleSegShader, GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); circleSegShader.setUniformMatrix("u_projTrans", cameraMatrix3); circleSegShader.setUniformf("u_box2dpos", box2dpos); circleSegShader.setUniformi("u_texture", 0); texture.bind(); circleScaleSegMesh.render(circleSegShader, GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); circleSegShader.setUniformMatrix("u_projTrans", cameraMatrix4); circleSegShader.setUniformf("u_box2dpos", box2dpos); circleSegShader.setUniformi("u_texture", 0); texture.bind(); circleScaleSegMesh.render(circleSegShader, GL20.GL_TRIANGLES); circleSegShader.end(); batch.flush(); batch.end(); Gdx.gl20.glDisable(GL20.GL_DEPTH_TEST); Gdx.gl20.glDisable(GL20.GL_BLEND); } public Mesh createCircleMesh_V3(float cx, float cy, float r_out, float r_in, int num_segments, float segmentSizeDegrees){ float theta = (float) (2.0f * MathUtils.PI / (num_segments * (360.0f / segmentSizeDegrees))); float c = MathUtils.cos(theta);//precalculate the sine and cosine float s = MathUtils.sin(theta); float t,t2; float x = r_out;//we start at angle = 0 float y = 0; float x2 = r_in;//we start at angle = 0 float y2 = 0; float[] meshCoords = new float[num_segments *2 *3 *7]; int arrayIndex = 0; //array for triangles without indices for(int ii = 0; ii < num_segments; ii++) { meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x2+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y2+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; t = x; x = c * x - s * y; y = s * t + c * y; meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x2+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y2+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; t2 = x2; x2 = c * x2 - s * y2; y2 = s * t2 + c * y2; meshCoords[arrayIndex] = x2+cx; meshCoords[arrayIndex +1] = y2+cy; meshCoords[arrayIndex +2] = 0.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +3] = 63.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +4] = 139.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +5] = 217.0f/255.0f; meshCoords[arrayIndex +6] = 0.7f; arrayIndex = arrayIndex + 7; } Mesh myMesh = new Mesh(VertexDataType.VertexArray, false, meshCoords.length, 0, new VertexAttribute(VertexAttributes.Usage.Position, 3, "a_position"), new VertexAttribute(VertexAttributes.Usage.Color, 4, "a_color")); myMesh.setVertices(meshCoords); return myMesh; } }

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• Adding objects to the environment at timed intervals

  - by david

  I am using an ArrayList to handle objects and at each interval of 120 frames, I am adding a new object of the same type at a random location along the z-axis of 60. The problem is, it doesn't add just 1. It depends on how many are in the list. If I kill the Fox before the time interval when one is supposed to spawn comes, then no Fox will be spawned. If I don't kill any foxes, it grows exponentially. I only want one Fox to be added every 120 frames. This problem never happened before when I created new ones and added them to the environment. Any insights? Here is my code: /**** FOX CLASS ****/ import env3d.EnvObject; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Fox extends Creature { private int frame = 0; public Fox(double x, double y, double z) { super(x, y, z); // Must use the mutator as the fields have private access // in the parent class setTexture("models/fox/fox.png"); setModel("models/fox/fox.obj"); setScale(1.4); } public void move(ArrayList<Creature> creatures, ArrayList<Creature> dead_creatures, ArrayList<Creature> new_creatures) { frame++; setX(getX()-0.2); setRotateY(270); if (frame > 120) { Fox f = new Fox(60, 1, (int)(Math.random()*28)+1); new_creatures.add(f); frame = 0; } for (Creature c : creatures) { if (this.distance(c) < this.getScale()+c.getScale() && c instanceof Tux) { dead_creatures.add(c); } } for (Creature c : creatures) { if (c.getX() < 1 && c instanceof Fox) { dead_creatures.add(c); } } } } import env3d.Env; import java.util.ArrayList; import org.lwjgl.input.Keyboard; /** * A predator and prey simulation. Fox is the predator and Tux is the prey. */ public class Game { private Env env; private boolean finished; private ArrayList<Creature> creatures; private KingTux king; private Snowball ball; private int tuxcounter; private int kills; /** * Constructor for the Game class. It sets up the foxes and tuxes. */ public Game() { // we use a separate ArrayList to keep track of each animal. // our room is 50 x 50. creatures = new ArrayList<Creature>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { creatures.add(new Tux((int)(Math.random()*10)+1, 1, (int)(Math.random()*28)+1)); } for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) { creatures.add(new Fox(60, 1, (int)(Math.random()*28)+1)); } king = new KingTux(25, 1, 35); ball = new Snowball(-400, -400, -400); } /** * Play the game */ public void play() { finished = false; // Create the new environment. Must be done in the same // method as the game loop env = new Env(); // Make the room 50 x 50. env.setRoom(new Room()); // Add all the animals into to the environment for display for (Creature c : creatures) { env.addObject(c); } for (Creature c : creatures) { if (c instanceof Tux) { tuxcounter++; } } env.addObject(king); env.addObject(ball); // Sets up the camera env.setCameraXYZ(30, 50, 55); env.setCameraPitch(-63); // Turn off the default controls env.setDefaultControl(false); // A list to keep track of dead tuxes. ArrayList<Creature> dead_creatures = new ArrayList<Creature>(); ArrayList<Creature> new_creatures = new ArrayList<Creature>(); // The main game loop while (!finished) { if (env.getKey() == 1 || tuxcounter == 0) { finished = true; } env.setDisplayStr("Tuxes: " + tuxcounter, 15, 0); env.setDisplayStr("Kills: " + kills, 140, 0); processInput(); ball.move(); king.check(); // Move each fox and tux. for (Creature c : creatures) { c.move(creatures, dead_creatures, new_creatures); } for (Creature c : creatures) { if (c.distance(ball) < c.getScale()+ball.getScale() && c instanceof Fox) { dead_creatures.add(c); ball.setX(-400); ball.setY(-400); ball.setZ(-400); kills++; } } // Clean up of the dead tuxes. for (Creature c : dead_creatures) { if (c instanceof Tux) { tuxcounter--; } env.removeObject(c); creatures.remove(c); } for (Creature c : new_creatures) { creatures.add(c); env.addObject(c); } // we clear the ArrayList for the next loop. We could create a new one // every loop but that would be very inefficient. dead_creatures.clear(); new_creatures.clear(); // Update display env.advanceOneFrame(); } // Just a little clean up env.exit(); } private void processInput() { int keyDown = env.getKeyDown(); int key = env.getKey(); if (keyDown == 203) { king.setX(king.getX()-1); } else if (keyDown == 205) { king.setX(king.getX()+1); } if (ball.getX() <= -400 && key == Keyboard.KEY_S) { ball.setX(king.getX()); ball.setY(king.getY()); ball.setZ(king.getZ()); } } /** * Main method to launch the program. */ public static void main(String args[]) { (new Game()).play(); } } /**** CREATURE CLASS ****/ /* (Parent class to Tux, Fox, and KingTux) */ import env3d.EnvObject; import java.util.ArrayList; abstract public class Creature extends EnvObject { private int frame; private double rand; /** * Constructor for objects of class Creature */ public Creature(double x, double y, double z) { setX(x); setY(y); setZ(z); setScale(1); rand = Math.random(); } private void randomGenerator() { rand = Math.random(); } public void move(ArrayList<Creature> creatures, ArrayList<Creature> dead_creatures, ArrayList<Creature> new_creatures) { frame++; if (frame > 12) { randomGenerator(); frame = 0; } // if (rand < 0.25) { // setX(getX()+0.3); // setRotateY(90); // } else if (rand < 0.5) { // setX(getX()-0.3); // setRotateY(270); // } else if (rand < 0.75) { // setZ(getZ()+0.3); // setRotateY(0); // } else if (rand < 1) { // setZ(getZ()-0.3); // setRotateY(180); // } if (rand < 0.5) { setRotateY(getRotateY()-7); } else if (rand < 1) { setRotateY(getRotateY()+7); } setX(getX()+Math.sin(Math.toRadians(getRotateY()))*0.5); setZ(getZ()+Math.cos(Math.toRadians(getRotateY()))*0.5); if (getX() < getScale()) setX(getScale()); if (getX() > 50-getScale()) setX(50 - getScale()); if (getZ() < getScale()) setZ(getScale()); if (getZ() > 50-getScale()) setZ(50 - getScale()); // The move method now handles collision detection if (this instanceof Fox) { for (Creature c : creatures) { if (c.distance(this) < c.getScale()+this.getScale() && c instanceof Tux) { dead_creatures.add(c); } } } } } The rest of the classes are a bit trivial to this specific problem.

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• Particle and Physics problem.

  - by Quincy

  This was originally a forum post so I hope you guys don't mind it being 2 questions in one. I am making a game and I got some basic physics implemented. I have 2 problems, 1 with particles being drawn in the wrong place and one with going through walls while jumping in corners. Skip over to about 15 sec video showing the 2 problems : http://youtube.com/watch?v=Tm9nfWsWfiM So the problem with the particles seems to be coming from the removal, as soon as I remove that piece of code it instantly works, but there shouldn't be a problem since they shouldn't even draw when their energy gets to 0 (and then they get removed) So my first question is, how are these particles getting warped all over the screen ? Relevant code : Particle class : class Particle { //Physics public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0,0); public float direction = 180; public float speed = 100; public float energy = 1; protected float startEnergy = 1; //Visual public Sprite sprite; public float rotation = 0; public float scale = 1; public byte alpha = 255; public BlendMode blendMode { get { return sprite.BlendMode; } set { sprite.BlendMode = value; } } public Particle() { } public virtual void Think(float frameTime) { if (energy - frameTime < 0) energy = 0; else energy -= frameTime; position += new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction)), (float)Math.Sin(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction))) * speed * frameTime; alpha = (byte)(255 * energy / startEnergy); sprite.Rotation = rotation; sprite.Position = position; sprite.Color = new Color(sprite.Color.R, sprite.Color.G, sprite.Color.B, alpha); } public virtual void Draw(float frameTime) { if (energy > 0) { World.camera.DrawSprite(sprite); } } // Basic particle implementation class BasicSprite : Particle { public BasicSprite(Sprite _sprite) { sprite = _sprite; } } Emitter : class Emitter { protected static Random rand = new Random(); protected List<Particle> particles = new List<Particle>(); public BaseEntity target = null; public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0, 0); public bool Active = true; public float timeAlive = 0; public int particleCount = 0; public int ParticlesPerSeccond { get { return (int)(1 / particleSpawnTime); } set { particleSpawnTime = 1 / (float)value; } } public float dieTime = float.MaxValue; float particleSpawnTime = 0.05f; float spawnTime = 0; public Emitter() { } public virtual void Think(float frametime) { spawnTime += frametime; if (dieTime != float.MaxValue) { timeAlive += frametime; if (timeAlive >= dieTime) Active = false; } if (Active) { if (target != null) position = target.Position; while (spawnTime > particleSpawnTime) { spawnTime -= particleSpawnTime; AddParticle(); particleCount++; } } for (int i = 0; i < particles.Count; i++) { particles[i].Think(frametime); if (particles[i].energy <= 0) { particles.Remove(particles[i]); // As soon as this is removed, it works particleCount--; } } } public virtual void AddParticle() { } public virtual void Draw(float frametime) { foreach (Particle particle in particles) { particle.Draw(frametime); } } } class BloodEmitter : Emitter { Image image; public BloodEmitter() { image = new Image(@"Content/Particles/TinyCircle.png"); image.CreateMaskFromColor(new Color(255, 0, 255, 255)); this.dieTime = 0.5f; this.ParticlesPerSeccond = 100; } public override void AddParticle() { Sprite sprite = new Sprite(image); sprite.Color = new Color((byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255)); BasicSprite particle = new BasicSprite(sprite); particle.direction = (float)rand.NextDouble() * 360; particle.position = position; particle.blendMode = BlendMode.Alpha; particles.Add(particle); } } The seccond problem is the physics problem, for some reason I can get through the right bottom corner while jumping. I think this is coming from me switching animations but I thought I made it compensate for that. Relevant code : PhysicsEntity : class PhysicsEntity : BaseEntity { // Horizontal movement constants protected const float maxHorizontalSpeed = 1000; protected const float horizontalAcceleration = 15; protected const float horizontalDragAir = 0.95f; protected const float horizontalDragGround = 0.95f; // Vertical movement constants protected const float maxVerticalSpeed = 1000; protected const float verticalAcceleration = 20; // Everything needed for movement and correct animations protected float movement = 0; protected bool onGround = false; protected Vector2 Velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); protected float maxSpeed = 0; float lastThink = 0; float thinkTime = 1f/60f; public PhysicsEntity(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { base.Draw(frameTime); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { CalculateMovement(frameTime); base.Think(frameTime); } protected void CalculateMovement(float frameTime) { lastThink += frameTime; while (lastThink > thinkTime) { onGround = false; Velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.X + horizontalAcceleration * movement, -maxHorizontalSpeed, maxHorizontalSpeed); if (onGround) Velocity.X *= horizontalDragGround; else Velocity.X *= horizontalDragAir; if (maxSpeed < Velocity.X) maxSpeed = Velocity.X; Velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.Y + verticalAcceleration, -maxVerticalSpeed, maxVerticalSpeed); lastThink -= thinkTime; DoCollisions(thinkTime); DoAnimations(thinkTime); } } public virtual void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { } public void DoCollisions(float frameTime) { Position.Y += Velocity.Y * frameTime; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } Position.X += Velocity.X * frameTime; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } public void DoCollisions(Vector2 difference) { CollisionRectangle.Y = Position.Y - difference.Y; CollisionRectangle.Height += difference.Y; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } CollisionRectangle.X = Position.X - difference.X; CollisionRectangle.Width += difference.X; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } Vector2 GetTileCollision() { int topLeftTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int topLeftTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); int BottomRightTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int BottomRightTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y % World.tileEngine.TileHeight == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileY -= 1; if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X % World.tileEngine.TileWidth == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileX -= 1; for (int i = topLeftTileX; i <= BottomRightTileX; i++) { for (int j = topLeftTileY; j <= BottomRightTileY; j++) { if (World.tileEngine.TileIsSolid(i, j)) { return new Vector2(i, j); } } } return new Vector2(-1, -1); } } Player : enum State { Standing, Running, Jumping, Falling, Sliding, WallSlide } class Player : PhysicsEntity { private State state { get { return currentState; } set { if (currentState != value) { currentState = value; animationChanged = true; } } } private State currentState = State.Standing; private BasicEmitter basicEmitter = new BasicEmitter(); public bool flipped; public bool animationChanged = false; protected const float jumpPower = 600; AnimationManager animationManager; Rectangle DrawRectangle; public override Rectangle CollisionRectangle { get { return new Rectangle( Position.X - DrawRectangle.Width / 2f, Position.Y - DrawRectangle.Height / 2f, DrawRectangle.Width, DrawRectangle.Height ); } } public Player(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { // Only posted the relevant bit DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { World.camera.DrawSprite( Sprite, Position + new Vector2(DrawRectangle.X, DrawRectangle.Y), animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle ); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { //I only posted the relevant stuff if (animationChanged) { // if the animation has changed make sure we compensate for the change in with and height animationChanged = false; DoCollisions(animationManager.getSizeDifference()); } DoCustomMovement(); base.Think(frameTime); if (!onGround && Velocity.Y > 0) { state = State.Falling; } } void DoCustomMovement() { if (onGround) { if (World.renderWindow.Input.IsKeyDown(KeyCode.W)) { Velocity.Y = -jumpPower; state = State.Jumping; } } } public override void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { string stateName = Enum.GetName(typeof(State), state); if (!animationManager.currentAnimationIs(stateName)) { animationManager.PlayAnimation(stateName); } animationManager.Think(frameTime); DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; Sprite.Center = new Vector2( DrawRectangle.X + DrawRectangle.Width / 2, DrawRectangle.Y + DrawRectangle.Height / 2 ); Sprite.FlipX(flipped); } So why am I warping through walls ? I have given this some thought but I just can't seem to find out why this is happening. Full source if needed : source : http://www.mediafire.com/?rc7ddo09gnr68zd (download link)

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• How to make a player stay within bounds of world with 2D Camera

  - by Craig

  Im creating a simple top down survival game. At the moment, i have the sprite which is a ship and moves by rotating left or right then going forward in that direction. I have implemented a 2D camera, its always centered on the player. However, when i move towards the bounds of the world that the sprite is in it just keeps on going :( How to i sort it that it stops at the edge of the world and cant go beyond it? Cheers :) Below is the main game class using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media; namespace GamesCoursework_1 { /// <summary> /// This is the main type for your game /// </summary> public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; // player variables Texture2D Ship; Vector2 Ship_Position; float Ship_Rotation = 0.0f; Vector2 Ship_Origin; Vector2 Ship_Velocity; const float tangentialVelocity = 4f; float friction = 0.05f; static Point CameraViewport = new Point(800, 800); Camera2d cam = new Camera2d((int)CameraViewport.X, (int)CameraViewport.Y); //Size of world static Point worldSize = new Point(1600, 1600); // Screen variables static Point worldCenter = new Point(worldSize.X / 2, worldSize.Y / 2); Rectangle playerBounds = new Rectangle(CameraViewport.X / 2, CameraViewport.Y / 2, worldSize.X - CameraViewport.X, worldSize.Y - CameraViewport.Y); Rectangle worldBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, worldSize.X, worldSize.Y); Texture2D background; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = CameraViewport.X; graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = CameraViewport.Y; Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run. /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic /// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components /// and initialize them as well. /// </summary> protected override void Initialize() { // TODO: Add your initialization logic here base.Initialize(); } /// <summary> /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load /// all of your content. /// </summary> protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here Ship = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Ship"); Ship_Origin.X = Ship.Width / 2; Ship_Origin.Y = Ship.Height / 2; background = Content.Load<Texture2D>("aus"); Ship_Position = new Vector2(worldCenter.X, worldCenter.Y); cam.Pos = Ship_Position; cam.Zoom = 1f; } /// <summary> /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload /// all content. /// </summary> protected override void UnloadContent() { // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here } /// <summary> /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world, /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here Ship_Position = Ship_Velocity + Ship_Position; keyPressed(); base.Update(gameTime); } /// <summary> /// This is called when the game should draw itself. /// </summary> /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param> protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null,null, cam.get_transformation(GraphicsDevice)); spriteBatch.Draw(background, Vector2.Zero, Color.White); spriteBatch.Draw(Ship, Ship_Position, Ship.Bounds, Color.White, Ship_Rotation, Ship_Origin, 1.0f, SpriteEffects.None, 0f); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void Ship_Move(Vector2 move) { Ship_Position += move; } private void keyPressed() { KeyboardState keyState; // Move right keyState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation + 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { Ship_Rotation = Ship_Rotation - 0.1f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) { Ship_Velocity.X = (float)Math.Cos(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; Ship_Velocity.Y = (float)Math.Sin(Ship_Rotation) * tangentialVelocity; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; //tried world bounds here if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, -tangentialVelocity * 2); if (!worldBounds.Contains(new Point((int)Ship_Position.X, (int)Ship_Position.Y))) Ship_Position -= new Vector2(0.0f, 2 * tangentialVelocity); } else if(Ship_Velocity != Vector2.Zero) { float i = Ship_Velocity.X; float j = Ship_Velocity.Y; Ship_Velocity.X = i -= friction * i; Ship_Velocity.Y = j -= friction * j; if ((int)Ship_Position.Y < playerBounds.Bottom && (int)Ship_Position.Y > playerBounds.Top) cam._pos.Y = Ship_Position.Y; if ((int)Ship_Position.X > playerBounds.Left && (int)Ship_Position.X < playerBounds.Right) cam._pos.X = Ship_Position.X; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Q)) { if (cam.Zoom < 2f) cam.Zoom += 0.05f; } if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.A)) { if (cam.Zoom > 0.3f) cam.Zoom -= 0.05f; } } } } my 2d camera class using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace GamesCoursework_1 { public class Camera2d { protected float _zoom; // Camera Zoom public Matrix _transform; // Matrix Transform public Vector2 _pos; // Camera Position protected float _rotation; // Camera Rotation public int _viewportWidth, _viewportHeight; // viewport size public Camera2d(int ViewportWidth, int ViewportHeight) { _zoom = 1.0f; _rotation = 0.0f; _pos = Vector2.Zero; _viewportWidth = ViewportWidth; _viewportHeight = ViewportHeight; } // Sets and gets zoom public float Zoom { get { return _zoom; } set { _zoom = value; if (_zoom < 0.1f) _zoom = 0.1f; } // Negative zoom will flip image } public float Rotation { get { return _rotation; } set { _rotation = value; } } // Auxiliary function to move the camera public void Move(Vector2 amount) { _pos += amount; } // Get set position public Vector2 Pos { get { return _pos; } set { _pos = value; } } public Matrix get_transformation(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice) { _transform = // Thanks to o KB o for this solution Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-_pos.X, -_pos.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(Rotation) * Matrix.CreateScale(new Vector3(Zoom, Zoom, 1)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(_viewportWidth * 0.5f, _viewportHeight * 0.5f, 0)); return _transform; } } }

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• 1136: Incorrect number of arguments. Expected 0.? AS3 Flash Cs4

  - by charmaine

  Basically i am working through a book called..Foundation Actionscript 3.0 Animation, making things move. i am now on Chapter 9 - collision detection. On two lines of my code i get the 1135 error, letting me know that i have an incorrect number of arguments. Can anybody help me out on why this may be? package { import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; public class Bubbles extends Sprite { private var balls:Array; private var numBalls:Number = 10; private var centerBall:Ball; private var bounce:Number = -1; private var spring:Number = 0.2; public function Bubbles() { init(); } private function init():void { balls = new Array(); centerBall = new Ball(100, 0xcccccc); addChild(centerBall); centerBall.x = stage.stageWidth / 2; centerBall.y = stage.stageHeight / 2; for(var i:uint = 0; i < numBalls; i++) { var ball:Ball = new Ball(Math.random() * 40 + 5, Math.random() * 0xffffff); ball.x = Math.random() * stage.stageWidth; ball.y = Math.random() * stage.stageHeight; ball.vx = Math.random() * 6 - 3; ball.vy = Math.random() * 6 - 3; addChild(ball); balls.push(ball); } addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame); } private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void { for(var i:uint = 0; i < numBalls; i++) { var ball:Ball = balls[i]; move(ball); var dx:Number = ball.x - centerBall.x; var dy:Number = ball.y - centerBall.y; var dist:Number = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); var minDist:Number = ball.radius + centerBall.radius; if(dist < minDist) { var angle:Number = Math.atan2(dy, dx); var tx:Number = centerBall.x + Math.cos(angle) * minDist; var ty:Number = centerBall.y + Math.sin(angle) * minDist; ball.vx += (tx - ball.x) * spring; ball.vy += (ty - ball.y) * spring; } } } ***private function move(ball:Ball):void*** { ball.x += ball.vx; ball.y += ball.vy; if(ball.x + ball.radius > stage.stageWidth) { ball.x = stage.stageWidth - ball.radius; ball.vx *= bounce; } else if(ball.x - ball.radius < 0) { ball.x = ball.radius; ball.vx *= bounce; } ***if(ball.y + ball.radius > stage.stageHeight)*** { ball.y = stage.stageHeight - ball.radius; ball.vy *= bounce; } else if(ball.y - ball.radius < 0) { ball.y = ball.radius; ball.vy *= bounce; } } } } The bold parts are the lines im having trouble with! please help..thanks in advance!!

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• Multiple viewport problem

  - by PSilo

  I'm setting up so I can switch between either one or four viewports but I got some trouble. In my bottom right viewport I got camera view, the same camera that I can switch to full view on. The other three viewports are working with fixed locations but the bottom right viewport is compressed on the y scale and half of the picture on the x scale is missing. void display(int what) { if(what==5){glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); ca.lookAt();} if(what==1){glViewport(0, 0, w/2, h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(75,15,-5,0,5,-5,0,1,0);} if(what==2){glViewport(w/2, h/2, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0,110,0,20,0,20,1,0,0);} if(what==3){glViewport(w/2, 0, w, h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, float(320) / float(240), 0.1f, 100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); ca.lookAt();} if(what==4){glViewport(0, h/2, w/2, h); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(185,75,25,0,28,0,0,1,0);} //glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //glLoadIdentity(); ////gluLookAt(cos(shared.time) * shared.distance, 10, sin(shared.time) * shared.distance, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0); // Roterar kameran kring origo genom att skapa en ny vymatris varje bildruta ////ca.orbitYaw(0.05); //ca.lookAt(); glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); drawScene(); drawCamera(); glutSwapBuffers(); } void viewport(){ glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); if(!divided_view_port) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glScissor(0,0,640,480); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 100.0f); display(5); } else { ////////////////////// bottom left - working glViewport(0, 0, w/2, h/2); glScissor(0,0,w/2,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(1); ////////////////////// ////////////////////// top right - working glViewport(w/2, h/2, w, h); glScissor(w/2,h/2,w,h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(2); ////////////////////// ////////////////////// bottom right -working glViewport(w/2, 0, w, h/2); glScissor(w/2,0,w,h/2); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(3); //////////////////////// ////////////////////////// top left glViewport(0, h/2, w/2, h); glScissor(0,h/2,w/2,h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f, w / h, 0.1f, 300.0f); display(4); /////////////////////////// } glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); }

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• How do I handle calls to AudioTrack from jni without crashing?

  - by icecream

  I was trying to write to an AudioTrack from a jni callback, and I get a signal 7 (SIGBUS), fault addr 00000000. I have looked at the Wolf3D example for odroid and they seem to use a android.os.Handler to post a Runnable that will do an update in the correct thread context. I have also tried AttachCurrentThread, but I fail in this case also. It works to play the sound when running from the constructor even if I wrap it in a thread and then post it to the handler. When I do the "same" via a callback from jni it fails. I assume I am braeaking some rules, but I haven't been able to figure out what they are. So far, I haven't found the answer here on SO. So I wonder if anyone knows how this should be done. EDIT: Answered below. The following code is to illustrate the problem. Java: package com.example.jniaudiotrack; import android.app.Activity; import android.media.AudioFormat; import android.media.AudioManager; import android.media.AudioTrack; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.util.Log; public class JniAudioTrackActivity extends Activity { AudioTrack mAudioTrack; byte[] mArr; public static final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mArr = new byte[2048]; for (int i = 0; i < 2048; i++) { mArr[i] = (byte) (Math.sin(i) * 128); } mAudioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 11025, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT, 2048, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM); mAudioTrack.play(); new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { mAudioTrack.write(mArr, 0, 2048); Log.i(TAG, "*** Handler from constructor ***"); } }); } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { audioFunc(); } }).start(); } public native void audioFunc(); @SuppressWarnings("unused") private void audioCB() { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { mAudioTrack.write(mArr, 0, 2048); Log.i(TAG, "*** audioCB called ***"); } }); } private static final String TAG = "JniAudioTrackActivity"; static { System.loadLibrary("jni_audiotrack"); } } cpp: #include <jni.h> extern "C" { JNIEXPORT void Java_com_example_jniaudiotrack_JniAudioTrackActivity_audioFunc(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj); } JNIEXPORT void Java_com_example_jniaudiotrack_JniAudioTrackActivity_audioFunc(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) { JNIEnv* jniEnv; JavaVM* vm; env->GetJavaVM(&vm); vm->AttachCurrentThread(&jniEnv, 0); jclass cls = env->GetObjectClass(obj); jmethodID audioCBID = env->GetMethodID(cls, "audioCB", "()V"); if (!audioCBID) { return; } env->CallVoidMethod(cls, audioCBID); } Trace snippet: I/DEBUG ( 1653): pid: 9811, tid: 9811 >>> com.example.jniaudiotrack <<< I/DEBUG ( 1653): signal 7 (SIGBUS), fault addr 00000000 I/DEBUG ( 1653): r0 00000800 r1 00000026 r2 00000001 r3 00000000 I/DEBUG ( 1653): r4 42385726 r5 41049e54 r6 bee25570 r7 ad00e540 I/DEBUG ( 1653): r8 000040f8 r9 41048200 10 41049e44 fp 00000000 I/DEBUG ( 1653): ip 000000f8 sp bee25530 lr ad02dbb5 pc ad012358 cpsr 20000010 I/DEBUG ( 1653): #00 pc 00012358 /system/lib/libdvm.so

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• Calculate new position of player

  - by user1439111

  Edit: I will summerize my question since it is very long (Thanks Len for pointing it out) What I'm trying to find out is to get a new position of a player after an X amount of time. The following variables are known: - Speed - Length between the 2 points - Source position (X, Y) - Destination position (X, Y) How can I calculate a position between the source and destion with these variables given? For example: source: 0, 0 destination: 10, 0 speed: 1 so after 1 second the players position would be 1, 0 The code below works but it's quite long so I'm looking for something shorter/more logical ====================================================================== I'm having a hard time figuring out how to calculate a new position of a player ingame. This code is server sided used to track a player(It's a emulator so I don't have access to the clients code). The collision detection of the server works fine I'm using bresenham's line algorithm and a raycast to determine at which point a collision happens. Once I deteremined the collision I calculate the length of the path the player is about to walk and also the total time. I would like to know the new position of a player each second. This is the code I'm currently using. It's in C++ but I am porting the server to C# and I haven't written the code in C# yet. // Difference between the source X - destination X //and source y - destionation Y float xDiff, yDiff; xDiff = xDes - xSrc; yDiff = yDes - ySrc; float walkingLength = 0.00F; float NewX = xDiff * xDiff; float NewY = yDiff * yDiff; walkingLength = NewX + NewY; walkingLength = sqrt(walkingLength); const float PI = 3.14159265F; float Angle = 0.00F; if(xDes >= xSrc && yDes >= ySrc) { Angle = atanf((yDiff / xDiff)); Angle = Angle * 180 / PI; } else if(xDes < xSrc && yDes >= ySrc) { Angle = atanf((-xDiff / yDiff)); Angle = Angle * 180 / PI; Angle += 90.00F; } else if(xDes < xSrc && yDes < ySrc) { Angle = atanf((yDiff / xDiff)); Angle = Angle * 180 / PI; Angle += 180.00F; } else if(xDes >= xSrc && yDes < ySrc) { Angle = atanf((xDiff / -yDiff)); Angle = Angle * 180 / PI; Angle += 270.00F; } float WalkingTime = (float)walkingLength / (float)speed; bool Done = false; float i = 0; while(i < walkingLength) { if(Done == true) { break; } if(WalkingTime >= 1000) { Sleep(1000); i += speed; WalkTime -= 1000; } else { Sleep(WalkTime); i += speed * WalkTime; WalkTime -= 1000; Done = true; } if(Angle >= 0 && Angle < 90) { float xNew = cosf(Angle * PI / 180) * i; float yNew = sinf(Angle * PI / 180) * i; float NewCharacterX = xSrc + xNew; float NewCharacterY = ySrc + yNew; } I have cut the last part of the loop since it's just 3 other else if statements with 3 other angle conditions and the only change is the sin and cos. The given speed parameter is the speed/second. The code above works but as you can see it's quite long so I'm looking for a new way to calculate this. btw, don't mind the while loop to calculate each new position I'm going to use a timer in C# Thank you very much

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• Why does my Opengl es android testbed app not render anything besides a red screen?

  - by nathan

  For some reason my code here (this is the entire thing) doesnt actually render anything besides a red screen.. can anyone tell me why? package com.ntu.way2fungames.earth.testbed; import java.nio.FloatBuffer; import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig; import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView; import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer; import android.os.Bundle; public class projectiles extends Activity { GLSurfaceView lGLView; Renderer lGLRenderer; float projectilesX[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesY[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesXa[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesYa[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesTheta[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesSpeed[]= new float[5001]; private static FloatBuffer drawBuffer; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); SetupProjectiles(); Context mContext = this.getWindow().getContext(); lGLView= new MyView(mContext); lGLRenderer= new MyRenderer(); lGLView.setRenderer(lGLRenderer); setContentView(lGLView); } private void SetupProjectiles() { int i=0; for (i=5000;i>0;i=i-1){ projectilesX[i] = 240; projectilesY[i] = 427; float theta = (float) ((i/5000)*Math.PI*2); projectilesXa[i] = (float) Math.cos(theta); projectilesYa[i] = (float) Math.sin(theta); projectilesTheta[i]= theta; projectilesSpeed[i]= (float) (Math.random()+1); } } public class MyView extends GLSurfaceView{ public MyView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } } public class MyRenderer implements Renderer{ private float[] projectilecords = new float[] { .0f, .5f, 0, -.5f, 0f, 0, .5f, 0f, 0, 0, -5f, 0, }; @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); //gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); for (int i=5000;i>4500;i=i-1){ //drawing section gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glColor4f(.9f, .9f,.9f,.9f); gl.glTranslatef(projectilesY[i], projectilesX[i],1); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, drawBuffer); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 12); //physics section projectilesX[i]=projectilesX[i]+projectilesXa[i]; projectilesY[i]=projectilesY[i]+projectilesYa[i]; } gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } @Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { if (height == 0) height = 1; // draw on the entire screen gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // setup projection matrix gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glOrthof(0,width,height,0, -100, 100); } @Override public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig arg1) { gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glClearColor(1f, .01f, .01f, 1f); gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); drawBuffer = FloatBuffer.wrap(projectilecords); } } }

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• ActionScript Gradient Banding Problem

  - by TheDarkIn1978

  i'm having a strange issue with banding between certain colors of a gradient. to create the gradient, i'm drawing evenly spaced circle wedges from the center to the border, and filling each circle wedge from a bitmap line gradient pixel in a loop. public class ColorWheel extends Sprite { private static const DEFAULT_RADIUS:Number = 100; private static const DEFAULT_BANDING_QUALITY:int = 3600; public function ColorWheel(nRadius:Number = DEFAULT_RADIUS) { init(nRadius); } public function init(nRadius:Number = DEFAULT_RADIUS):void { var nRadians : Number; var nColor : Number; var objMatrix : Matrix = new Matrix(); var nX : Number; var nY : Number; var previousX : Number = nRadius; var previousY : Number = 0; var leftToRightColors:Array = new Array(0xFF0000, 0xFFFF00, 0x00FF00, 0x00FFFF, 0x0000FF, 0xFF00FF); leftToRightColors.push(leftToRightColors[0]); var leftToRightAlphas:Array = new Array(); var leftToRightRatios:Array = new Array(); var leftToRightPartition:Number = 255 / (leftToRightColors.length - 1); //Push arrays for (var j:int = 0; j < leftToRightColors.length; j++) { leftToRightAlphas.push(1); leftToRightRatios.push(j * leftToRightPartition); } var leftToRightColorsMatrix:Matrix = new Matrix(); leftToRightColorsMatrix.createGradientBox(DEFAULT_BANDING_QUALITY, 1); //Produce a horizontal leftToRightLine sprite var leftToRightLine:Sprite = new Sprite(); leftToRightLine.graphics.lineStyle(1, 0, 1, false, LineScaleMode.NONE, CapsStyle.NONE); leftToRightLine.graphics.lineGradientStyle(GradientType.LINEAR, leftToRightColors, leftToRightAlphas, leftToRightRatios, leftToRightColorsMatrix); leftToRightLine.graphics.moveTo(0, 0); leftToRightLine.graphics.lineTo(DEFAULT_BANDING_QUALITY, 0); //Assign bitmapData to the leftToRightLine var leftToRightLineBitmapData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(leftToRightLine.width, leftToRightLine.height); leftToRightLineBitmapData.draw(leftToRightLine); for(var i:int = 1; i < (DEFAULT_BANDING_QUALITY + 1); i++) { // Convert the degree to radians. nRadians = i * (Math.PI / (DEFAULT_BANDING_QUALITY / 2)); // OR the individual color channels together. nColor = leftToRightLineBitmapData.getPixel(i-1, 0); // Calculate the coordinate in which the line should be drawn to. nX = nRadius * Math.cos(nRadians); nY = nRadius * Math.sin(nRadians); // Create a matrix for the wedges gradient color. objMatrix.createGradientBox(nRadius * 2, nRadius * 2, nRadians, -nRadius, -nRadius); graphics.beginGradientFill(GradientType.LINEAR, [nColor, nColor], [1, 1], [127, 255], objMatrix); graphics.moveTo( 0, 0 ); graphics.lineTo( previousX, previousY ); graphics.lineTo( nX, nY ); graphics.lineTo( 0, 0 ); graphics.endFill(); previousX = nX; previousY = nY; } } } i'm creating a circle with 3600 wedges, although it doesn't look like it based on the screen shot within the orange color that is produced from gradating from red to yellow numbers. adding a orange number between red and yellow doesn't help. but if i create the circle with only 360 wedges, the gradient banding is much more obvious. 3600 is probably overkill, and doesn't really add more detail over, say, making the circle of 1440 wedges, but i don't know any other way to slightly elevate this banding issue. any ideas how i can fix this, or what i'm doing wrong? could it be caused by the circleMatrix rotation?

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• How to generate a random unique string with more than 2^30 combination. I also wanted to reverse the process. Is this possible?

  - by Yusuf S

  I have a string which contains 3 elements: a 3 digit code (example: SIN, ABD, SMS, etc) a 1 digit code type (example: 1, 2, 3, etc) a 3 digit number (example: 500, 123, 345) Example string: SIN1500, ABD2123, SMS3345, etc.. I wanted to generate a UNIQUE 10 digit alphanumeric and case sensitive string (only 0-9/a-z/A-Z is allowed), with more than 2^30 (about 1 billion) unique combination per string supplied. The generated code must have a particular algorithm so that I can reverse the process. For example: public static void main(String[] args) { String test = "ABD2123"; String result = generateData(test); System.out.println(generateOutput(test)); //for example, the output of this is: 1jS8g4GDn0 System.out.println(generateOutput(result)); //the output of this will be ABD2123 (the original string supplied) } What I wanted to ask is is there any ideas/examples/libraries in java that can do this? Or at least any hint on what keyword should I put on Google? I tried googling using the keyword java checksum, rng, security, random number, etc and also tried looking at some random number solution (java SecureRandom, xorshift RNG, java.util.zip's checksum, etc) but I can't seem to find one? Thanks! EDIT: My use case for this program is to generate some kind of unique voucher number to be used by specific customers. The string supplied will contains 3 digit code for company ID, 1 digit code for voucher type, and a 3 digit number for the voucher nominal. I also tried adding 3 random alphanumeric (so the final digit is 7 + 3 digit = 10 digit). This is what I've done so far, but the result is not very good (only about 100 thousand combination): public static String in ="somerandomstrings"; public static String out="someotherrandomstrings"; public static String encrypt(String kata) throws Exception { String result=""; String ina=in; String outa=out; Random ran = new Random(); Integer modulus=in.length(); Integer offset= ((Integer.parseInt(Utils.convertDateToString(new Date(), "SS")))+ran.nextInt(60))/2%modulus; result=ina.substring(offset, offset+1); ina=ina+ina; ina=ina.substring(offset, offset+modulus); result=result+translate(kata, ina, outa); return result; } EDIT: I'm sorry I forgot to put the "translate" function : public static String translate(String kata,String seq1, String seq2){ String result=""; if(kata!=null&seq1!=null&seq2!=null){ String[] a=kata.split(""); for (int j = 1; j < a.length; j++) { String b=a[j]; String[]seq1split=seq1.split(""); String[]seq2split=seq2.split(""); int hint=seq1.indexOf(b)+1; String sq=""; if(seq1split.length>hint) sq=seq1split[hint]; String sq1=""; if(seq2split.length>hint) sq1=seq2split[hint]; b=b.replace(sq, sq1); result=result+b; } } return result; }

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• Oval collision detection not working properly

  - by William

  So I'm trying to implement a test where a oval can connect with a circle, but it's not working. edist = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow((px + ((pwidth/2) )) - (bx + (bsize/2)), 2) + Math.pow(-((py + ((pwidth/2)) ) - (bx + (bsize/2))), 2)); and here is the full code (requires Slick2D): import org.newdawn.slick.AppGameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.BasicGame; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.GameContainer; import org.newdawn.slick.Graphics; import org.newdawn.slick.Input; import org.newdawn.slick.SlickException; public class ColTest extends BasicGame{ float px = 50; float py = 50; float pheight = 50; float pwidth = 50; float bx = 200; float by = 200; float bsize = 200; float edist; float pspeed = 3; Input input; public ColTest() { super("ColTest"); } @Override public void init(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException { } @Override public void update(GameContainer gc, int delta) throws SlickException { input = gc.getInput(); try{ if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_UP)) py-=pspeed; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_DOWN)) py+=pspeed; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_LEFT)) px-=pspeed; if(input.isKeyDown(Input.KEY_RIGHT)) px+=pspeed; } catch(Exception e){} } public void render(GameContainer gc, Graphics g) throws SlickException { g.setColor(new Color(255,255,255)); g.drawString("col: " + col(), 10, 10); g.drawString("edist: " + edist + " dist: " + dist, 10, 100); g.fillRect(px, py, pwidth, pheight); g.setColor(new Color(255,0,255)); g.fillOval(px, py, pwidth, pheight); g.setColor(new Color(255,255,255)); g.fillOval(200, 200, 200, 200); } public boolean col(){ edist = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow((px + ((pwidth/2) )) - (bx + (bsize/2)), 2) + Math.pow(-((py + ((pwidth/2)) ) - (bx + (bsize/2))), 2)); if(edist <= (bsize/2) + (px + (pwidth/2))) return true; else return false; } public float rotate(float x, float y, float ox, float oy, float a, boolean b) { float dst = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x-ox,2.0)+ Math.pow(y-oy,2.0)); float oa = (float) Math.atan2(y-oy,x-ox); if(b) return (float) Math.cos(oa + Math.toRadians(a))*dst+ox; else return (float) Math.sin(oa + Math.toRadians(a))*dst+oy; } public static void main(String[] args) throws SlickException { AppGameContainer app = new AppGameContainer( new ColTest() ); app.setShowFPS(false); app.setAlwaysRender(true); app.setTargetFrameRate(60); app.setDisplayMode(800, 600, false); app.start(); } }

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• How to define template directives (from an API perspective)?

  - by Ralph

  Preface I'm writing a template language (don't bother trying to talk me out of it), and in it, there are two kinds of user-extensible nodes. TemplateTags and TemplateDirectives. A TemplateTag closely relates to an HTML tag -- it might look something like div(class="green") { "content" } And it'll be rendered as <div class="green">content</div> i.e., it takes a bunch of attributes, plus some content, and spits out some HTML. TemplateDirectives are a little more complicated. They can be things like for loops, ifs, includes, and other such things. They look a lot like a TemplateTag, but they need to be processed differently. For example, @for($i in $items) { div(class="green") { $i } } Would loop over $items and output the content with the variable $i substituted in each time. So.... I'm trying to decide on a way to define these directives now. Template Tags The TemplateTags are pretty easy to write. They look something like this: [TemplateTag] static string div(string content = null, object attrs = null) { return HtmlTag("div", content, attrs); } Where content gets the stuff between the curly braces (pre-rendered if there are variables in it and such), and attrs is either a Dictionary<string,object> of attributes, or an anonymous type used like a dictionary. It just returns the HTML which gets plunked into its place. Simple! You can write tags in basically 1 line. Template Directives The way I've defined them now looks like this: [TemplateDirective] static string @for(string @params, string content) { var tokens = Regex.Split(@params, @"\sin\s").Select(s => s.Trim()).ToArray(); string itemName = tokens[0].Substring(1); string enumName = tokens[1].Substring(1); var enumerable = data[enumName] as IEnumerable; var sb = new StringBuilder(); var template = new Template(content); foreach (var item in enumerable) { var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); } return sb.ToString(); } (Working example). Basically, the stuff between the ( and ) is not split into arguments automatically (like the template tags do), and the content isn't pre-rendered either. The reason it isn't pre-rendered is because you might want to add or remove some template variables or something first. In this case, we add the $i variable to the template variables, var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; And then render the content manually, sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); Question I'm wondering if this is the best approach to defining custom Template Directives. I want to make it as easy as possible. What if the user doesn't know how to render templates, or doesn't know that he's supposed to? Maybe I should pass in a Template instance pre-filled with the content instead? Or maybe only let him tamper w/ the template variables, and then automatically render the content at the end? OTOH, for things like "if" if the condition fails, then the template wouldn't need to be rendered at all. So there's a lot of flexibility I need to allow in here. Thoughts?

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• Changes to data inside class not being shown when accessed from outside class.

  - by Hypatia

  I have two classes, Car and Person. Car has as one of its members an instance of Person, driver. I want to move a car, while keeping track of its location, and also move the driver inside the car and get its location. However, while this works from inside the class (I have printed out the values as they are calculated), when I try to access the data from main, there's nothing there. I.e. the array position[] ends up empty. I am wondering if there is something wrong with the way I have set up the classes -- could it be a problem of the scope of the object? I have tried simplifying the code so that I only give what is necessary. Hopefully that covers everything that you would need to see. The constructer Car() fills the offset array of driver with nonzero values. class Car{ public: Container(float=0,float=0,float=0); ~Container(); void move(float); void getPosition(float[]); void getDriverPosition(float[]); private: float position[3]; Person driver; float heading; float velocity; }; class Person{ public: Person(float=0,float=0,float=0); ~Person(); void setOffset(float=0,float=0,float=0); void setPosition(float=0,float=0,float=0); void getOffset(float[]); void getPosition(float[]); private: float position[3]; float offset[3]; }; Some of the functions: void Car::move(float time){ float distance = velocity*time; location[0] += distance*cos(PI/2 - heading); location[1] += distance*sin(PI/2 - heading); float driverLocation [3]; float offset[3]; driver->getOffset(offset); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ driverLocation[i] = offset[i] + location[i]; } } void Car::getDriverPosition(float p[]){ driver.getPosition(p); } void Person::getPosition(float p[]){ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ p[i] = position[i]; } } void Person::getOffset(float o[]){ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ o[i] = offset[i]; } } In Main: Car * car = new Car(); car->move(); float p[3]; car->getDriverPosition(p); When I print driverLocation[] inside the move() function, I have actual nonzero values. When I print p[] inside main, all I get are zeros.

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• creating a 3d plane using Frank Luna's technique

  - by numerical25

  I am creating a 3d plane that lays on the x and z axis. and has hills that extend on the y axis. bulk of the code looks like this float PeaksAndValleys::getHeight(float x, float z)const { return 0.3f*( z*sinf(0.1f*x) + x*cosf(0.1f*z) ); } void PeaksAndValleys::init(ID3D10Device* device, DWORD m, DWORD n, float dx) { md3dDevice = device; mNumRows = m; mNumCols = n; mNumVertices = m*n; mNumFaces = (m-1)*(n-1)*2; // Create the geometry and fill the vertex buffer. std::vector<Vertex> vertices(mNumVertices); float halfWidth = (n-1)*dx*0.5f; float halfDepth = (m-1)*dx*0.5f; for(DWORD i = 0; i < m; ++i) { float z = halfDepth - i*dx; for(DWORD j = 0; j < n; ++j) { float x = -halfWidth + j*dx; // Graph of this function looks like a mountain range. float y = getHeight(x,z); vertices[i*n+j].pos = D3DXVECTOR3(x, y, z); // Color the vertex based on its height. if( y < -10.0f ) vertices[i*n+j].color = BEACH_SAND; else if( y < 5.0f ) vertices[i*n+j].color = LIGHT_YELLOW_GREEN; else if( y < 12.0f ) vertices[i*n+j].color = DARK_YELLOW_GREEN; else if( y < 20.0f ) vertices[i*n+j].color = DARKBROWN; else vertices[i*n+j].color = WHITE; } } D3D10_BUFFER_DESC vbd; vbd.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_IMMUTABLE; vbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * mNumVertices; vbd.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vbd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vinitData; vinitData.pSysMem = &vertices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&vbd, &vinitData, &mVB)); // Create the index buffer. The index buffer is fixed, so we only // need to create and set once. std::vector<DWORD> indices(mNumFaces*3); // 3 indices per face // Iterate over each quad and compute indices. int k = 0; for(DWORD i = 0; i < m-1; ++i) { for(DWORD j = 0; j < n-1; ++j) { indices[k] = i*n+j; indices[k+1] = i*n+j+1; indices[k+2] = (i+1)*n+j; indices[k+3] = (i+1)*n+j; indices[k+4] = i*n+j+1; indices[k+5] = (i+1)*n+j+1; k += 6; // next quad } } D3D10_BUFFER_DESC ibd; ibd.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_IMMUTABLE; ibd.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * mNumFaces*3; ibd.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; ibd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; ibd.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = &indices[0]; HR(md3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&ibd, &iinitData, &mIB)); } My question pretains to the cosf and sinf. I am formiluar with trigonometry and I understand sin, cosine, and tangent. but I am not formiluar with cosf and sinf and what they do. From looking at this example. they have alot to do with finding a y value.

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• Threading extra state through a parser in Scala

  - by Travis Brown

  I'll give you the tl;dr up front I'm trying to use the state monad transformer in Scalaz 7 to thread extra state through a parser, and I'm having trouble doing anything useful without writing a lot of t m a -> t m b versions of m a -> m b methods. An example parsing problem Suppose I have a string containing nested parentheses with digits inside them: val input = "((617)((0)(32)))" I also have a stream of fresh variable names (characters, in this case): val names = Stream('a' to 'z': _*) I want to pull a name off the top of the stream and assign it to each parenthetical expression as I parse it, and then map that name to a string representing the contents of the parentheses, with the nested parenthetical expressions (if any) replaced by their names. To make this more concrete, here's what I'd want the output to look like for the example input above: val target = Map( 'a' -> "617", 'b' -> "0", 'c' -> "32", 'd' -> "bc", 'e' -> "ad" ) There may be either a string of digits or arbitrarily many sub-expressions at a given level, but these two kinds of content won't be mixed in a single parenthetical expression. To keep things simple, we'll assume that the stream of names will never contain either duplicates or digits, and that it will always contain enough names for our input. Using parser combinators with a bit of mutable state The example above is a slightly simplified version of the parsing problem in this Stack Overflow question. I answered that question with a solution that looked roughly like this: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ class ParenParser(names: Iterator[Char]) extends RegexParsers { def paren: Parser[List[(Char, String)]] = "(" ~> contents <~ ")" ^^ { case (s, m) => (names.next -> s) :: m } def contents: Parser[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = "\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil) | rep1(paren) ^^ ( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String) = parseAll(paren, s).map(_.toMap) } It's not too bad, but I'd prefer to avoid the mutable state. What I want Haskell's Parsec library makes adding user state to a parser trivially easy: import Control.Applicative ((*>), (<$>), (<*)) import Data.Map (fromList) import Text.Parsec paren = do (s, m) <- char '(' *> contents <* char ')' h : t <- getState putState t return $ (h, s) : m where contents = flip (,) [] <$> many1 digit <|> (\ps -> (map (fst . head) ps, concat ps)) <$> many1 paren main = print $ runParser (fromList <$> paren) ['a'..'z'] "example" "((617)((0)(32)))" This is a fairly straightforward translation of my Scala parser above, but without mutable state. What I've tried I'm trying to get as close to the Parsec solution as I can using Scalaz's state monad transformer, so instead of Parser[A] I'm working with StateT[Parser, Stream[Char], A]. I have a "solution" that allows me to write the following: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ import scalaz._, Scalaz._ object ParenParser extends ExtraStateParsers[Stream[Char]] with RegexParsers { protected implicit def monadInstance = parserMonad(this) def paren: ESP[List[(Char, String)]] = (lift("(" ) ~> contents <~ lift(")")).flatMap { case (s, m) => get.flatMap( names => put(names.tail).map(_ => (names.head -> s) :: m) ) } def contents: ESP[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = lift("\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil)) | rep1(paren).map( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String, names: Stream[Char]) = parseAll(paren.eval(names), s).map(_.toMap) } This works, and it's not that much less concise than either the mutable state version or the Parsec version. But my ExtraStateParsers is ugly as sin—I don't want to try your patience more than I already have, so I won't include it here (although here's a link, if you really want it). I've had to write new versions of every Parser and Parsers method I use above for my ExtraStateParsers and ESP types (rep1, ~>, <~, and |, in case you're counting). If I had needed to use other combinators, I'd have had to write new state transformer-level versions of them as well. Is there a cleaner way to do this? I'd love to see an example of a Scalaz 7's state monad transformer being used to thread state through a parser, but Scala 6 or Haskell examples would also be useful.

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• problems in trying ieee 802.15.4 working from msk

  - by asel

  Hi, i took a msk code from dsplog.com and tried to modify it to test the ieee 802.15.4. There are several links on that site for ieee 802.15.4. Currently I am getting simulated ber results all approximately same for all the cases of Eb_No values. Can you help me to find why? thanks in advance! clear PN = [ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0; 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1; 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1; 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1; 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1; 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0; 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0; ]; N = 5*10^5; % number of bits or symbols fsHz = 1; % sampling period T = 4; % symbol duration Eb_N0_dB = [0:10]; % multiple Eb/N0 values ct = cos(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); st = sin(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); for ii = 1:length(Eb_N0_dB) tx = []; % MSK Transmitter ipBit = round(rand(1,N/32)*15); for k=1:length(ipBit) sym = ipBit(k); tx = [tx PN((sym+1),1:end)]; end ipMod = 2*tx - 1; % BPSK modulation 0 -> -1, 1 -> 1 ai = kron(ipMod(1:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % even bits aq = kron(ipMod(2:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % odd bits ai = [ai zeros(1,T) ]; % padding with zero to make the matrix dimension match aq = [zeros(1,T) aq ]; % adding delay of T for Q-arm % MSK transmit waveform xt = 1/sqrt(T)*[ai.*ct + j*aq.*st]; % Additive White Gaussian Noise nt = 1/sqrt(2)*[randn(1,N*T+T) + j*randn(1,N*T+T)]; % white gaussian noise, 0dB variance % Noise addition yt = xt + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii)/20)*nt; % additive white gaussian noise % MSK receiver % multiplying with cosine and sine waveforms xE = conv(real(yt).*ct,ones(1,2*T)); xO = conv(imag(yt).*st,ones(1,2*T)); bHat = zeros(1,N); bHat(1:2:end) = xE(2*T+1:2*T:end-2*T); % even bits bHat(2:2:end) = xO(3*T+1:2*T:end-T); % odd bits result=zeros(16,1); chiplen=32; seqstart=1; recovered = []; while(seqstart<length(bHat)) A = bHat(seqstart:seqstart+(chiplen-1)); for j=1:16 B = PN(j,1:end); result(j)=sum(A.*B); end [value,index] = max(result); recovered = [recovered (index-1)]; seqstart = seqstart+chiplen; end; %# create binary string - the 4 forces at least 4 bits bstr1 = dec2bin(ipBit,4); bstr2 = dec2bin(recovered,4); %# convert back to numbers (reshape so that zeros are preserved) out1 = str2num(reshape(bstr1',[],1))'; out2 = str2num(reshape(bstr2',[],1))'; % counting the errors nErr(ii) = size(find([out1 - out2]),2); end nErr/(length(ipBit)*4) % simulated ber theoryBer = 0.5*erfc(sqrt(10.^(Eb_N0_dB/10))) % theoretical ber

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• Help understanding some OpenGL stuff

  - by shinjuo

  I am working with some code to create a triangle that moves with arrow keys. I want to create a second object that moves independently. This is where I am having trouble, I have created the second actor, but cannot get it to move. There is too much code to post it all so I will just post a little and see if anyone can help at all. ogl_test.cpp #include "platform.h" #include "srt/scheduler.h" #include "model.h" #include "controller.h" #include "model_module.h" #include "graphics_module.h" class blob : public actor { public: blob(float x, float y) : actor(math::vector2f(x, y)) { } void render() { transform(); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glVertex3f(0.25f, 0.0f, -5.0f); glVertex3f(-.5f, 0.25f, -5.0f); glVertex3f(-.5f, -0.25f, -5.0f); glEnd(); end_transform(); } void update(controller& c, float dt) { if (c.left_key) { rho += pi / 9.0f * dt; c.left_key = false; } if (c.right_key) { rho -= pi / 9.0f * dt; c.right_key = false; } if (c.up_key) { v += .1f * dt; c.up_key = false; } if (c.down_key) { v -= .1f * dt; if (v < 0.0) { v = 0.0; } c.down_key = false; } actor::update(c, dt); } }; class enemyOne : public actor { public: enemyOne(float x, float y) : actor(math::vector2f(x, y)) { } void render() { transform(); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glVertex3f(0.25f, 0.0f, -5.0f); glVertex3f(-.5f, 0.25f, -5.0f); glVertex3f(-.5f, -0.25f, -5.0f); glEnd(); end_transform(); } void update(controller& c, float dt) { if (c.left_key) { rho += pi / 9.0f * dt; c.left_key = false; } if (c.right_key) { rho -= pi / 9.0f * dt; c.right_key = false; } if (c.up_key) { v += .1f * dt; c.up_key = false; } if (c.down_key) { v -= .1f * dt; if (v < 0.0) { v = 0.0; } c.down_key = false; } actor::update(c, dt); } }; int APIENTRY WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, char* lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow ) { model m; controller control(m); srt::scheduler scheduler(33); srt::frame* model_frame = new srt::frame(scheduler.timer(), 0, 1, 2); srt::frame* render_frame = new srt::frame(scheduler.timer(), 1, 1, 2); model_frame->add(new model_module(m, control)); render_frame->add(new graphics_module(m)); scheduler.add(model_frame); scheduler.add(render_frame); blob* prime = new blob(0.0f, 0.0f); m.add(prime); m.set_prime(prime); enemyOne* primeTwo = new enemyOne(2.0f, 0.0f); m.add(primeTwo); m.set_prime(primeTwo); scheduler.start(); control.start(); return 0; } model.h #include <vector> #include "vec.h" const double pi = 3.14159265358979323; class controller; using math::vector2f; class actor { public: vector2f P; float theta; float v; float rho; actor(const vector2f& init_location) : P(init_location), rho(0.0), v(0.0), theta(0.0) { } virtual void render() = 0; virtual void update(controller&, float dt) { float v1 = v; float theta1 = theta + rho * dt; vector2f P1 = P + v1 * vector2f(cos(theta1), sin(theta1)); if (P1.x < -4.5f || P1.x > 4.5f) { P1.x = -P1.x; } if (P1.y < -4.5f || P1.y > 4.5f) { P1.y = -P1.y; } v = v1; theta = theta1; P = P1; } protected: void transform() { glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(P.x, P.y, 0.0f); glRotatef(theta * 180.0f / pi, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); //Rotate about the z-axis } void end_transform() { glPopMatrix(); } }; class model { private: typedef std::vector<actor*> actor_vector; actor_vector actors; public: actor* _prime; model() { } void add(actor* a) { actors.push_back(a); } void set_prime(actor* a) { _prime = a; } void update(controller& control, float dt) { for (actor_vector::iterator i = actors.begin(); i != actors.end(); ++i) { (*i)->update(control, dt); } } void render() { for (actor_vector::iterator i = actors.begin(); i != actors.end(); ++i) { (*i)->render(); } } };

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• Mass Ball-to-Ball Collision Handling (as in, lots of balls)

  - by BlueThen

  Update: Found out that I was using the radius as the diameter, which was why the mtd was overcompensating. Hi, StackOverflow. I've written a Processing program awhile back simulating ball physics. Basically, I have a large number of balls (1000), with gravity turned on. Detection works great, but my issue is that they start acting weird when they're bouncing against other balls in all directions. I'm pretty confident this involves the handling. For the most part, I'm using Jay Conrod's code. One part that's different is if (distance > 1.0) return; which I've changed to if (distance < 1.0) return; because the collision wasn't even being performed with the first bit of code, I'm guessing that's a typo. The balls overlap when I use his code, which isn't what I was looking for. My attempt to fix it was to move the balls to the edge of each other: float angle = atan2(y - collider.y, x - collider.x); float distance = dist(x,y, balls[ID2].x,balls[ID2].y); x = collider.x + radius * cos(angle); y = collider.y + radius * sin(angle); This isn't correct, I'm pretty sure of that. I tried the correction algorithm in the previous ball-to-ball topic: // get the mtd Vector2d delta = (position.subtract(ball.position)); float d = delta.getLength(); // minimum translation distance to push balls apart after intersecting Vector2d mtd = delta.multiply(((getRadius() + ball.getRadius())-d)/d); // resolve intersection -- // inverse mass quantities float im1 = 1 / getMass(); float im2 = 1 / ball.getMass(); // push-pull them apart based off their mass position = position.add(mtd.multiply(im1 / (im1 + im2))); ball.position = ball.position.subtract(mtd.multiply(im2 / (im1 + im2))); except my version doesn't use vectors, and every ball's weight is 1. The resulting code I get is this: PVector delta = new PVector(collider.x - x, collider.y - y); float d = delta.mag(); PVector mtd = new PVector(delta.x * ((radius + collider.radius - d) / d), delta.y * ((radius + collider.radius - d) / d)); // push-pull apart based on mass x -= mtd.x * 0.5; y -= mtd.y * 0.5; collider.x += mtd.x * 0.5; collider.y += mtd.y * 0.5; This code seems to over-correct collisions. Which doesn't make sense to me because in no other way do I modify the x and y values of each ball, other than this. Some other part of my code could be wrong, but I don't know. Here's the snippet of the entire ball-to-ball collision handling I'm using: if (alreadyCollided.contains(new Integer(ID2))) // if the ball has already collided with this, then we don't need to reperform the collision algorithm return; Ball collider = (Ball) objects.get(ID2); PVector collision = new PVector(x - collider.x, y - collider.y); float distance = collision.mag(); if (distance == 0) { collision = new PVector(1,0); distance = 1; } if (distance < 1) return; PVector velocity = new PVector(vx,vy); PVector velocity2 = new PVector(collider.vx, collider.vy); collision.div(distance); // normalize the distance float aci = velocity.dot(collision); float bci = velocity2.dot(collision); float acf = bci; float bcf = aci; vx += (acf - aci) * collision.x; vy += (acf - aci) * collision.y; collider.vx += (bcf - bci) * collision.x; collider.vy += (bcf - bci) * collision.y; alreadyCollided.add(new Integer(ID2)); collider.alreadyCollided.add(new Integer(ID)); PVector delta = new PVector(collider.x - x, collider.y - y); float d = delta.mag(); PVector mtd = new PVector(delta.x * ((radius + collider.radius - d) / d), delta.y * ((radius + collider.radius - d) / d)); // push-pull apart based on mass x -= mtd.x * 0.2; y -= mtd.y * 0.2; collider.x += mtd.x * 0.2; collider.y += mtd.y * 0.2; Thanks. (Apologies for lack of sources, stackoverflow thinks I'm a spammer)

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• How do I use texture-mapping in a simple ray tracer?

  - by fastrack20

  I am attempting to add features to a ray tracer in C++. Namely, I am trying to add texture mapping to the spheres. For simplicity, I am using an array to store the texture data. I obtained the texture data by using a hex editor and copying the correct byte values into an array in my code. This was just for my testing purposes. When the values of this array correspond to an image that is simply red, it appears to work close to what is expected except there is no shading. The bottom right of the image shows what a correct sphere should look like. This sphere's colour using one set colour, not a texture map. Another problem is that when the texture map is of something other than just one colour pixels, it turns white. My test image is a picture of water, and when it maps, it shows only one ring of bluish pixels surrounding the white colour. When this is done, it simply appears as this: Here are a few code snippets: Color getColor(const Object *object,const Ray *ray, float *t) { if (object->materialType == TEXTDIF || object->materialType == TEXTMATTE) { float distance = *t; Point pnt = ray->origin + ray->direction * distance; Point oc = object->center; Vector ve = Point(oc.x,oc.y,oc.z+1) - oc; Normalize(&ve); Vector vn = Point(oc.x,oc.y+1,oc.z) - oc; Normalize(&vn); Vector vp = pnt - oc; Normalize(&vp); double phi = acos(-vn.dot(vp)); float v = phi / M_PI; float u; float num1 = (float)acos(vp.dot(ve)); float num = (num1 /(float) sin(phi)); float theta = num /(float) (2 * M_PI); if (theta < 0 || theta == NAN) {theta = 0;} if (vn.cross(ve).dot(vp) > 0) { u = theta; } else { u = 1 - theta; } int x = (u * IMAGE_WIDTH) -1; int y = (v * IMAGE_WIDTH) -1; int p = (y * IMAGE_WIDTH + x)*3; return Color(TEXT_DATA[p+2],TEXT_DATA[p+1],TEXT_DATA[p]); } else { return object->color; } }; I call the colour code here in Trace: if (object->materialType == MATTE) return getColor(object, ray, &t); Ray shadowRay; int isInShadow = 0; shadowRay.origin.x = pHit.x + nHit.x * bias; shadowRay.origin.y = pHit.y + nHit.y * bias; shadowRay.origin.z = pHit.z + nHit.z * bias; shadowRay.direction = light->object->center - pHit; float len = shadowRay.direction.length(); Normalize(&shadowRay.direction); float LdotN = shadowRay.direction.dot(nHit); if (LdotN < 0) return 0; Color lightColor = light->object->color; for (int k = 0; k < numObjects; k++) { if (Intersect(objects[k], &shadowRay, &t) && !objects[k]->isLight) { if (objects[k]->materialType == GLASS) lightColor *= getColor(objects[k], &shadowRay, &t); // attenuate light color by glass color else isInShadow = 1; break; } } lightColor *= 1.f/(len*len); return (isInShadow) ? 0 : getColor(object, &shadowRay, &t) * lightColor * LdotN; } I left out the rest of the code as to not bog down the post, but it can be seen here. Any help is greatly appreciated. The only portion not included in the code, is where I define the texture data, which as I said, is simply taken straight from a bitmap file of the above image. Thanks.

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