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  • What's the use of writing tests matching configuration-like code line by line?

    - by Pascal Van Hecke
    Hi, I have been wondering about the usefulness of writing tests that match code one-by-one. Just an example: in Rails, you can define 7 restful routes in one line in routes.rb using: resources :products BDD/TDD proscribes you test first and then write code. In order to test the full effect of this line, devs come up with macros e.g. for shoulda: http://kconrails.com/2010/01/27/route-testing-with-shoulda-in-ruby-on-rails/ class RoutingTest < ActionController::TestCase # simple should_map_resources :products end I'm not trying to pick on the guy that wrote the macros, this is just an example of a pattern that I see all over Rails. I'm just wondering what the use of it is... in the end you're just duplicating code and the only thing you test is that Rails works. You could as well write a tool that transforms your test macros into actual code... When I ask around, people answer me that: "the tests should document your code, so yes it makes sense to write them, even if it's just one line corresponding to one line" What are your thoughts?

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  • Omit return type in C++0x

    - by Clinton
    I've recently found myself using the following macro with gcc 4.5 in C++0x mode: #define RETURN(x) -> decltype(x) { return x; } And writing functions like this: template <class T> auto f(T&& x) RETURN (( g(h(std::forward<T>(x))) )) I've been doing this to avoid the inconvenience having to effectively write the function body twice, and having keep changes in the body and the return type in sync (which in my opinion is a disaster waiting to happen). The problem is that this technique only works on one line functions. So when I have something like this (convoluted example): template <class T> auto f(T&& x) -> ... { auto y1 = f(x); auto y2 = h(y1, g1(x)); auto y3 = h(y1, g2(x)); if (y1) { ++y3; } return h2(y2, y3); } Then I have to put something horrible in the return type. Furthermore, whenever I update the function, I'll need to change the return type, and if I don't change it correctly, I'll get a compile error if I'm lucky, or a runtime bug in the worse case. Having to copy and paste changes to two locations and keep them in sync I feel is not good practice. And I can't think of a situation where I'd want an implicit cast on return instead of an explicit cast. Surely there is a way to ask the compiler to deduce this information. What is the point of the compiler keeping it a secret? I thought C++0x was designed so such duplication would not be required.

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  • C++ arrays as parameters, subscript vs. pointer

    - by awshepard
    Alright, I'm guessing this is an easy question, so I'll take the knocks, but I'm not finding what I need on google or SO. I'd like to create an array in one place, and populate it inside a different function. I define a function: void someFunction(double results[]) { for (int i = 0; i<100; ++i) { for (int n = 0; n<16; ++n) //note this iteration limit { results[n] += i * n; } } } That's an approximation to what my code is doing, but regardless, shouldn't be running into any overflow or out of bounds issues or anything. I generate an array: double result[16]; for(int i = 0; i<16; i++) { result[i] = -1; } then I want to pass it to someFunction someFunction(result); When I set breakpoints and step through the code, upon entering someFunction, results is set to the same address as result, and the value there is -1.000000 as expected. However, when I start iterating through the loop, results[n] doesn't seem to resolve to *(results+n) or *(results+n*sizeof(double)), it just seems to resolve to *(results). What I end up with is that instead of populating my result array, I just get one value. What am I doing wrong?

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  • pulling a value from NSMutableDictionary

    - by Jared Gross
    I have a dictionary array with a key:@"titleLabel". I am trying to load a pickerView with ONE instance of each @"titleLabel" key so that if there are multiple objects with the same @"titleLabel" only one title will be displayed. I've done some research on this forum and looked at apples docs but haven't been able to put the puzzle together. Below is my code but I am having trouble pulling the values. Right now when I run this code it throws an error Incompatible pointer types sending 'PFObject *' to parameter of type 'NSString' which i understand but am just not sure how to remedy. Cheers! else { // found messages! self.objectsArray = objects; NSMutableDictionary *dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; for(id obj in self.objectsArray){ PFObject *key = [self.objectsArray valueForKey:@"titleLabel"]; if(![dict objectForKey:@"titleLabel"]){ [dict setValue:obj forKey:key]; } } for (id key in dict) { NSLog(@"Objects array is %d", [self.objectsArray count]); NSLog(@"key: %@, value: %@ \n", key, [dict objectForKey:key]); } [self.pickerView reloadComponent:0]; } }];` Here is where I define the PFObject and keys: PFObject *image = [PFObject objectWithClassName:@"Images"]; [image setObject:file forKey:@"file"]; [image setObject:fileType forKey:@"fileType"]; [image setObject:title forKey:@"titleLabel"]; [image setObject:self.recipients forKey:@"recipientIds"]; [image setObject:[[PFUser currentUser] objectId] forKey:@"senderId"]; [image setObject:[[PFUser currentUser] username] forKey:@"senderName"]; [image saveInBackground];

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  • Enumeration trouble: redeclared as different kind of symbol

    - by Matt
    Hello all. I am writing a program that is supposed to help me learn about enumeration data types in C++. The current trouble is that the compiler doesn't like my enum usage when trying to use the new data type as I would other data types. I am getting the error "redeclared as different kind of symbol" when compiling my trangleShape function. Take a look at the relevant code. Any insight is appreciated! Thanks! (All functions are their own .cpp files.) header file #ifndef HEADER_H_INCLUDED #define HEADER_H_INCLUDED #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; enum triangleType {noTriangle, scalene, isoceles, equilateral}; //prototypes void extern input(float&, float&, float&); triangleType extern triangleShape(float, float, float); /*void extern output (float, float, float);*/ void extern myLabel(const char *, const char *); #endif // HEADER_H_INCLUDED main function //8.1 main // this progam... #include "header.h" int main() { float sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3; char response; do //main loop { input (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); triangleShape (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); //output (sideLength1, sideLength2, sideLength3); cout << "\nAny more triangles to analyze? (y,n) "; cin >> response; } while (response == 'Y' || response == 'y'); myLabel ("8.1", "2/11/2011"); return 0; } triangleShape shape # include "header.h" triangleType triangleShape(sideLenght1, sideLength2, sideLength3) { triangleType triangle; return triangle; }

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  • Design by contracts and constructors

    - by devoured elysium
    I am implementing my own ArrayList for school purposes, but to spice up things a bit I'm trying to use C# 4.0 Code Contracts. All was fine until I needed to add Contracts to the constructors. Should I add Contract.Ensures() in the empty parameter constructor? public ArrayList(int capacity) { Contract.Requires(capacity > 0); Contract.Ensures(Size == capacity); _array = new T[capacity]; } public ArrayList() : this(32) { Contract.Ensures(Size == 32); } I'd say yes, each method should have a well defined contract. On the other hand, why put it if it's just delegating work to the "main" constructor? Logicwise, I wouldn't need to. The only point I see where it'd be useful to explicitly define the contract in both constructors is if in the future we have Intelisense support for contracts. Would that happen, it'd be useful to be explicit about which contracts each method has, as that'd appear in Intelisense. Also, are there any books around that go a bit deeper on the principles and usage of Design by Contracts? One thing is having knowledge of the syntax of how to use Contracts in a language (C#, in this case), other is knowing how and when to use it. I read several tutorials and Jon Skeet's C# in Depth article about it, but I'd like to go a bit deeper if possible. Thanks

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  • memcmp,strcmp,strncmp in C

    - by el10780
    I wrote this small piece of code in C to test memcmp() strncmp() strcmp() functions in C. Here is the code that I wrote: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { char *word1="apple",*word2="atoms"; if (strncmp(word1,word2,5)==0) printf("strncmp result.\n"); if (memcmp(word1,word2,5)==0) printf("memcmp result.\n"); if (strcmp(word1,word2)==0) printf("strcmp result.\n"); } Can somebody explain me the differences because I am confused with these three functions?My main problem is that I have a file in which I tokenize its line of it,the problem is that when I tokenize the word "atoms" in the file I have to stop the process of tokenizing.I first tried strcmp() but unfortunately when it reached to the point where the word "atoms" were placed in the file it didn't stop and it continued,but when I used either the memcmp() or the strncmp() it stopped and I was happy.But then I thought,what if there will be a case in which there is one string in which the first 5 letters are a,t,o,m,s and these are being followed by other letters.Unfortunately,my thoughts were right as I tested it using the above code by initializing word1 to "atomsaaaaa" and word2 to atoms and memcmp() and strncmp() in the if statements returned 0.On the other hand strcmp() it didn't.It seems that I must use strcmp(). I have done google searches but I got more confused as I have seen sites and other forums to define these three differently.If it is possible for someone to give me correct explanations/definitions so I can use them correctly in my source code,I would be really grateful.

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  • PHP array checkbox and radio default value

    - by Arg Geo
    I have the code below in my wordpress options page. I can't define the default values for checkbox and radio. array( "name" => "Post Thumbnails", "desc" => "Choose if you want to display <strong>post thumbnails</strong> or not.", "id" => $shortname."_post_thumbs", "type" => "checkbox", "std" => "checked" ), array( "name" => "Example", "desc" => " The Descriptions", "id" => $shortname."_case_thumb", "type" => "radio", "options" => array("nothumb" => " Display nothing", "defthumb" => " Display thumbnail"), "std" => "nothumb" ), For the checkbox tried also "std" => "true" and "std" => " "... but didn't work. Thanks!

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  • Issue with class design to model user preferences for different classes

    - by Mulone
    Hi all, I'm not sure how to design a couple of classes in my app. Basically that's a situation: each user can have many preferences each preference can be referred to an object of different classes (e.g. album, film, book etc) the preference is expressed as a set of values (e.g. score, etc). The problem is that many users can have preferences on the same objects, e.g.: John: score=5 for filmid=apocalypsenow Paul: score=3 for filmid=apocalypsenow And naturally I don't want to duplicate the object film in each user. So I could create a class called "preference" holding a score and then a target object, something like: User{ hasMany preferences } Preference{ belongsTo User double score Film target Album target //etc } and then define just one target. Then I would create an interface for the target Classes (album, film etc): Interface canBePreferred{ hasMany preferences } And implement all of those classes. This could work, but it looks pretty ugly and it would requires a lot of joins to work. Do you have some patterns I could use to model this nicely? Cheers, Mulone

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  • C# Multidimensional Array Definition

    - by Blaenk
    Can someone help me convert this to C#. I've already spent more time than I would have liked trying to do it myself and it's preventing me from actually getting any work done. I guess it seems like C# has a limitation regarding how one can define arrays. I think somewhere inside I have to keep doing new int[] but I'm not sure exactly where. You don't have to convert the whole thing, just enough so I can understand how to do it. I would really appreciate it. I would like to use integers instead of characters, by the way. Thanks again // Pieces definition char mArray [7][4][5][5] = { // Square { { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0} }, { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0} }, { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0} }, { {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0} } }, // and so on and so forth, for 6 more };

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  • Queueing method calls - any idea how?

    - by TomTom
    I write a heavily asynchronseous application. I am looking for a way to queue method calls, similar to what BeginInvoke / EndInvoke does.... but on my OWN queue. The reaqson is that I am having my own optimized message queueing system using a threadpool but at the same time making sure every component is single threaded in the requests (i.e. one thread only handles messages for a component). I Have a lot of messages going back and forth. For limited use, I would really love to be able to just queue a message call with parameters, instead of having to define my own parameter, method wrapping / unwrapping just for the sake of doing a lot of admnistrative calls. I also do not always want to bypass the queue, and I definitely do not want the sending service to wait for the other service to respond. Anyone knows of a way to intercept a method call? Some way to utilize TransparentProxy / Virtual Proxy for this? ;) ServicedComponent? I would like this to be as little overhead as possible ;)

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  • Backbone.js routes not firing

    - by drale2k
    I have a Base Router where i define some functions that need to be run everywhere. Every Router extends this Router. Now my problem is, that none of my routes defined in this Base router, actually fire. Every other route in other Routers work fine. I have created a test route called 'a' which calls method 'b', which should fire an alert but nothing happens. Here is the code: (This is Coffeescript, don't pay attention to the indentation, it's fine in my file) class Etaxi.Routers.Base extends Backbone.Router routes: 'register' : 'registerDevice' 'a' : 'b' b: -> alert "a" initialize: -> @registerDevice() unless localStorage.device_id? @getGeolocation() registerDevice: -> @collection = new Etaxi.Collections.Devices() @collection.fetch() view = new Etaxi.Views.RegisterDevice(collection: @collection) $('#wrapper').append(view.render().el) getGeolocation: -> navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition (position) -> lat = position.coords.latitude lng = position.coords.longitude #$('#apphead').tap -> # alert 'Position: ' + lat + " ," + lng So when i visit '/register' or '/a' it should fire the appropriate method but it does not. I wonder if it has something to do with the fact that other Router extend from this Router? Would be wired but it is the only thing i can think of because every other Router works fine.

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  • Automatically creating DynaActionForms in Mockrunner via struts-config.xml

    - by T Reddy
    I'm switching from MockStrutsTestCase to Mockrunner and I'm finding that having to manually re-create all of my DynaActionForms in Mockrunner is a pain...there has to be an easier way?! Can somebody offer a tip to simplify this process? For instance, this form bean definition in struts-config.xml: <form-bean name="myForm" type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm"> <form-property name="property" type="java.lang.String"/> </form-bean> results in this code in Mockrunner: //define form config FormBeanConfig config = new FormBeanConfig(); config.setName("myForm"); config.setType(DynaActionForm.class.getName()); FormPropertyConfig property = new FormPropertyConfig(); property.setName("property"); property.setType("java.lang.String"); config.addFormPropertyConfig(property); //create mockrunner objects ActionMockObjectFactory factory = new ActionMockObjectFactory(); ActionTestModule module = new ActionTestModule(factory); DynaActionForm form = module.createDynaActionForm(config); Now imagine that I have dozens of DynaActionForms with dozens of attributes...that stinks!

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  • Creating a C++ DLL and then using it in C#

    - by Major
    Ok I'm trying to make a C++ DLL that I can then call and reference in a c# App. I've already made a simple dll using the numberous guides out there, however when I try to reference it in the C# app I get the error Unable to load DLL 'SDES.dll': The specified module could not be found. The code for the program is as follows (bear with me I'm going to include all the files) //These are the DLL Files. ifndef TestDLL_H define TestDLL_H extern "C" { // Returns a + b __declspec(dllexport) double Add(double a, double b); // Returns a - b __declspec(dllexport) double Subtract(double a, double b); // Returns a * b __declspec(dllexport) double Multiply(double a, double b); // Returns a / b // Throws DivideByZeroException if b is 0 __declspec(dllexport) double Divide(double a, double b); } endif //.cpp include "test.h" include using namespace std; extern double __cdecl Add(double a, double b) { return a + b; } extern double __cdecl Subtract(double a, double b) { return a - b; } extern double __cdecl Multiply(double a, double b) { return a * b; } extern double __cdecl Divide(double a, double b) { if (b == 0) { throw new invalid_argument("b cannot be zero!"); } return a / b; } //C# Program using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { [DllImport("SDES.dll")] public static extern void SimulateGameDLL(int a, int b); static void Main(string[] args) { SimulateGameDLL(1, 2); //Error here... } } } Anyone have any idea's what I may be missing in my program? Let me know if I missed some code or if you have any questions.

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  • sum of square of each elements in the vector using for_each

    - by pierr
    Hi, As the function accepted by for_each take only one parameter (the element of the vector), I have to define a static int sum = 0 somewhere so that It can be accessed after calling the for_each . I think this is awkward. Any better way to do this (still use for_each) ? #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace std; static int sum = 0; void add_f(int i ) { sum += i * i; } void test_using_for_each() { int arr[] = {1,2,3,4}; vector<int> a (arr ,arr + sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0])); for_each( a.begin(),a.end(), add_f); cout << "sum of the square of the element is " << sum << endl; } In Ruby, We can do it this way: sum = 0 [1,2,3,4].each { |i| sum += i*i} #local variable can be used in the callback function puts sum #=> 30 Would you please show more examples how for_each is typically used in practical programming (not just print out each element)? Is it possible use for_each simulate 'programming pattern' like map and inject in Ruby (or map /fold in Haskell). #map in ruby >> [1,2,3,4].map {|i| i*i} => [1, 4, 9, 16] #inject in ruby [1, 4, 9, 16].inject(0) {|aac ,i| aac +=i} #=> 30 EDIT: Thank you all. I have learned so much from your replies. We have so many ways to do the same single thing in C++ , which makes it a little bit difficult to learn. But it's interesting :)

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  • parse.json of authenticated play request

    - by niklassaers
    I've set up authentication in my application like this, always allow when a username is supplied and the API-key is 123: object Auth { def IsAuthenticated(block: => String => Request[AnyContent] => Result) = { Security.Authenticated(RetrieveUser, HandleUnauthorized) { user => Action { request => block(user)(request) } } } def RetrieveUser(request: RequestHeader) = { val auth = new String(base64Decode(request.headers.get("AUTHORIZATION").get.replaceFirst("Basic", ""))) val split = auth.split(":") val user = split(0) val pass = split(1) Option(user) } def HandleUnauthorized(request: RequestHeader) = { Results.Forbidden } def APIKey(apiKey: String)(f: => String => Request[AnyContent] => Result) = IsAuthenticated { user => request => if(apiKey == "123") f(user)(request) else Results.Forbidden } } I want then to define a method in my controller (testOut in this case) that uses the request as application/json only. Now, before I added authentication, I'd say "def testOut = Action(parse.json) {...}", but now that I'm using authentication, how can I add parse.json in to the mix and make this work? def testOut = Auth.APIKey("123") { username => implicit request => var props:Map[String, JsValue] = Map[String, JsValue]() request.body match { case JsObject(fields) => { props = fields.toMap } case _ => {} // Ok("received something else: " + request.body + '\n') } if(!props.contains("UUID")) props.+("UUID" -> UniqueIdGenerator.uuid) if (!props.contains("entity")) props.+("entity" -> "unset") props.+("username" -> username) Ok(props.toString) } As a bonus question, why is only UUID added to the props map, not entity and username? Sorry about the noob factor, I'm trying to learn Scala and Play at the same time. :-) Cheers Nik

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  • How do C++ compilers actually pass reference parameters?

    - by T.E.D.
    This question came about as a result of some mixed-langauge programming. I had a Fortran routine I wanted to call from C++ code. Fortran passes all its parameters by reference (unless you tell it otherwise). So I thought I'd be clever (bad start right there) in my C++ code and define the Fortran routine something like this: extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned & flag); This code worked for a while but (of course right when I needed to leave) suddenly started blowing up on a return call. Clear indication of a munged call stack. Another engineer came behind me and fixed the problem, declaring that the routine had to be deinfed in C++ as extern "C" void FORTRAN_ROUTINE (unsigned * flag); I'd accept that except for two things. One is that it seems rather counter-intuitive for the compiler to not pass reference parameters by reference, and I can find no documentation anywhere that says that. The other is that he changed a whole raft of other code in there at the same time, so it theoretically could have been another change that fixed whatever the issue was. So the question is, how does C++ actually pass reference parameters? Is it perhaps free to do copy-in, copy-out for small values or something? In other words, are reference parameters utterly useless in mixed-language programming? I'd like to know so I don't make this same code-killing mistake ever again.

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  • Query about running a program through valgrind and getting false results comparing to other systems.

    - by FILIaS
    Yesterday i posted this: What's the problem with this code? [hashtable in C] and paxdiablo offered to help me. He posted a sample of code and asked me to run it through valgrind on my machine. This code normally generates: 12,4 But on my machine, i get 24,8. The doubled! I'm just curious why is that happening. Hope sb has a good explaination. I post also paxdiablo's code (for anyone who cant find it.) #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct HashTable { int size ; struct List *head; struct List *tail; } HashTable; typedef struct List { char *number; char *name; int time; struct List *next; } List; #define size_of_table 211 HashTable *createHashTable(void) { HashTable *new_table = malloc(sizeof(*new_table)*size_of_table); //line 606 printf ("%d\n", sizeof(*new_table)); printf ("%d\n", sizeof(new_table)); if (new_table == NULL) { return NULL; } int i=0; for(i; i<size_of_table; i++) { new_table[i].size=0; new_table[i].head=NULL; new_table[i].tail=NULL; } return new_table; } int main(void) { HashTable *x = createHashTable(); free (x); return 0; }

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  • Strongly typed dynamic Linq sorting

    - by David
    I'm trying to build some code for dynamically sorting a Linq IQueryable<. The obvious way is here, which sorts a list using a string for the field name http://dvanderboom.wordpress.com/2008/12/19/dynamically-composing-linq-orderby-clauses/ However I want one change - compile time checking of field names, and the ability to use refactoring/Find All References to support later maintenance. That means I want to define the fields as f=f.Name, instead of as strings. For my specific use I want to encapsulate some code that would decide which of a list of named "OrderBy" expressions should be used based on user input, without writing different code every time. Here is the gist of what I've written: var list = from m Movies select m; // Get our list var sorter = list.GetSorter(...); // Pass in some global user settings object sorter.AddSort("NAME", m=m.Name); sorter.AddSort("YEAR", m=m.Year).ThenBy(m=m.Year); list = sorter.GetSortedList(); ... public class Sorter ... public static Sorter GetSorter(this IQueryable source, ...) The GetSortedList function determines which of the named sorts to use, which results in a List object, where each FieldData contains the MethodInfo and Type values of the fields passed in AddSort: public SorterItem AddSort(Func field) { MethodInfo ... = field.Method; Type ... = TypeOf(TKey); // Create item, add item to diction, add fields to item's List // The item has the ThenBy method, which just adds another field to the List } I'm not sure if there is a way to store the entire field object in a way that would allow it be returned later (it would be impossible to cast, since it is a generic type) Is there a way I could adapt the sample code, or come up with entirely new code, in order to sort using strongly typed field names after they have been stored in some container and retrieved (losing any generic type casting)

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  • can I add properties to a typo3 extbase domain model object?

    - by The Newbie Qs
    I want to store a username in a coupon object, each coupon object already has the uid of the user who created it. I can loop over the coupon objects and read the associated usernames from fe_users but how then will I save those usernames into the coupons so when they are passed to the template the usernames can be read like so coupon.username, or in some other easy way so each username will appear on the page with the right coupon as they are all printed out in a table? If I was doing basic php instead of typo3 i would just define a query but what is the typo3 v4.5 way? My code so far - which dies on the line where I try to assign the new property --creatorname -- to the $coup object. public function listAction() { $coupons = $this->couponRepository->findAll(); // @var Tx_Extbase_Domain_Repository_FrontendUserRepository $userRepository */ $userRepository = $this->objectManager->get("Tx_Extbase_Domain_Repository_FrontendUserRepository"); foreach ($coupons as $coup) { echo '<br />test '.$coup->getCreator(); echo '<br />count = '.$userRepository->countAll().'<br />'; $newObject = $userRepository->findByUid( intval($coup->getCreator())); //var_dump($newObject); var_dump($coup); echo '<br />getUsername '.$newObject->getUsername() ; $coup['creatorname'] = $newObject->getUsername(); echo '<br />creatorname '.$coup['creatorname'] ; } $this->view->assign('coupons', $coupons); }

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  • Using static variables for Strings

    - by Vivart
    below content is taken from Best practice: Writing efficient code but i didn't understand why private static String x = "example"; faster than private static final String x ="example"; Can anybody explain this. Using static variables for Strings When you define static fields (also called class fields) of type String, you can increase application speed by using static variables (not final) instead of constants (final). The opposite is true for primitive data types, such as int. For example, you might create a String object as follows: private static final String x = "example"; For this static constant (denoted by the final keyword), each time that you use the constant, a temporary String instance is created. The compiler eliminates "x" and replaces it with the string "example" in the bytecode, so that the BlackBerry® Java® Virtual Machine performs a hash table lookup each time that you reference "x". In contrast, for a static variable (no final keyword), the String is created once. The BlackBerry JVM performs the hash table lookup only when it initializes "x", so access is faster. private static String x = "example"; You can use public constants (that is, final fields), but you must mark variables as private.

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  • [c++] - Help about class and error: C3861

    - by Chelsea_cole
    Can someone help me in this error? in "cDef.h" : #pragma once class cDef { public: static int STATE_LOGO; static int STATE_MENU; static int MESSAGE_ENTER; static int MESSAGE_UPDATE; static int MESSAGE_PAINT; static int MESSAGE_EXIT; }; in "GameState.h": #pragma once #ifndef _GameState_ #define _GameState_ #include "cDef.h" class MainGame; class GameState; class GameState { public: MainGame *mg; int GAME_STATE_DEF; virtual void MessengeEnter(int message) = 0; virtual void MessengeUpdate(int message,int keys) = 0; virtual void MessengePaint(int message,CDC *pDc) = 0; void StateHandler(int message,CDC *pDc,int keys); public: GameState(void); public: ~GameState(void); }; #endif in "GameState.cpp": #include "StdAfx.h" #include "GameState.h" GameState::GameState(void) { GAME_STATE_DEF = -1; } GameState::~GameState(void) { } void GameState::StateHandler(int message,CDC *pDc,int keys) { if(message == cDef.MESSAGE_ENTER) { MessageEnter(message); } if(message == cDef.MESSAGE_UPDATE) { MessageUpdate(message,keys); } if(message == cDef.MESSAGE_PAINT) { MessagePaint(message,pDC); } } error: warning C4832: token '.' is illegal after UDT 'cDef' see declaration of 'cDef' error C3861: 'MessageUpdate': identifier not found error C3861: 'MessageEnter': identifier not found error C3861: 'MessagePaint': identifier not found ..... Thanks in advance!

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  • pre_replace multi-dimensional array problem

    - by Martin
    I want to replace word groups by links. I use a multi-dimensional array to define these (in the real world there will be thousands of them). Here's the code: $text = "<html><body><pre> Here is Foo in text. Now come Baz? and Bar-X. Replace nothing here: Foo (followed by brackets). </pre></body></html>"; $s = array( array("t" => "Foo", "u" => "http://www.foo.com", "c" => "foo"), array("t" => "Baz?", "u" => "http://www.baz.net", "c" => "test"), array("t" => "Bar-X", "u" => "http://www.baz.org", "c" => "test") ); foreach ($s as $i => $row) { $replaced = preg_replace('/(?=\Q'.$row["t"].'\E[^(]+$)\b\Q'.$row["t"].'\E\b/m', '<a href="'.$row["u"].'" class="'.$row["c"].'">'.$row["t"].'</a>', $text); } echo $replaced; ?> The problem is that only one array element is replaced and not all. It's something about $text in peg_replace(). Anyone got a hint for me? Thanks!

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  • How do I overload () operator with two parameters; like (3,5)?

    - by hkBattousai
    I have a mathematical matrix class. It contains a member function which is used to access any element of the class. template >class T> class Matrix { public: // ... void SetElement(T dbElement, uint64_t unRow, uint64_t unCol); // ... }; template <class T> void Matrix<T>::SetElement(T Element, uint64_t unRow, uint64_t unCol) { try { // "TheMatrix" is define as "std::vector<T> TheMatrix" TheMatrix.at(m_unColSize * unRow + unCol) = Element; } catch(std::out_of_range & e) { // Do error handling here } } I'm using this method in my code like this: // create a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns whose elements are double Matrix<double> matrix(2, 3); // change the value of the element at 1st row and 2nd column to 6.78 matrix.SetElement(6.78, 1, 2); This works well, but I want to use operator overloading to simplify things, like below: Matrix<double> matrix(2, 3); matrix(1, 2) = 6.78; // HOW DO I DO THIS?

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  • Using items in a list as arguments

    - by Travis Brown
    Suppose I have a function with the following type signature: g :: a -> a -> a -> b I also have a list of as—let's call it xs—that I know will contain at least three items. I'd like to apply g to the first three items of xs. I know I could define a combinator like the following: ($$$) :: (a -> a -> a -> b) -> [a] -> b f $$$ (x:y:z:_) = f x y z Then I could just use g $$$ xs. This makes $$$ a bit like uncurry, but for a function with three arguments of the same type and a list instead of a tuple. Is there a way to do this idiomatically using standard combinators? Or rather, what's the most idiomatic way to do this in Haskell? I thought trying pointfree on a non-infix version of $$$ might give me some idea of where to start, but the output was an abomination with 10 flips, a handful of heads and tails and aps, and 28 parentheses. (NB: I know this isn't a terribly Haskelly thing to do in the first place, but I've come across a couple of situations where it seems like a reasonable solution, especially when using Parsec. I'll certainly accept "don't ever do this in real code" if that's the best answer, but I'd prefer to see some clever trick involving the ((->) r) monad or whatever.)

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