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• X11 performance problem after upgrading from Centos3 to Centos5 with an ATI Rage XL

  - by Marcelo Santos

  After upgrading a computer from Centos3 to Centos5 an application that does a lot of scrolling took a very high performance hit. top tells me that X is using a lot of CPU and that was not happening before. The machine has an ATI Rage XL with 8MB and X is using the ati driver as there is no proprietary ATI driver for this board on linux. The xorg.conf: Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "ati" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" EndSubSection EndSection Section "DRI" Group 0 Mode 0666 EndSection A similar machine that still has Centos3 installed is able to start DRI on the X server while this one is not, this is the Xorg.0.log for the Centos5 machine: drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed [drm] failed to load kernel module "mach64" (II) ATI(0): [drm] drmOpen failed (EE) ATI(0): [dri] DRIScreenInit Failed (II) ATI(0): Largest offscreen areas (with overlaps): (II) ATI(0): 1024 x 1279 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): 768 x 1280 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): Using XFree86 Acceleration Architecture (XAA) Screen to screen bit blits Solid filled rectangles 8x8 mono pattern filled rectangles Indirect CPU to Screen color expansion Solid Lines Offscreen Pixmaps Setting up tile and stipple cache: 32 128x128 slots 10 256x256 slots (==) ATI(0): Backing store disabled (==) ATI(0): Silken mouse enabled (II) ATI(0): Direct rendering disabled (==) RandR enabled I also tried using EXA instead of XAA and setting: Option "AccelMethod" "XAA" Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true" uname -a Linux sir5.erg.inpe.br 2.6.18-128.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 08:20:55 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux rpm -qa | grep xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils-7.1-4.fc6 xorg-x11-server-sdk-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xnest-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.1.1-48.52.el5 The drmOpenDevice error continues when using the suggested Option "AIGLX" "true".

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• APACHE - PHP - Bounce emails

  - by user1179459

  I want to improve our mail server lists by handling all the bounces we get in our websites. I have a website which has over 8000+ users and another website which as over 1500+ users, they are emailed various notifications every second, ie. job alerts, email alerts, I am using POP connections with EXIM on APACHE server, most scripts are based on PHP language generates email on the fly. Problems i have But some users has registered long time ago and now quite few has bounce email address Some users register with dummy emails like [email protected] which never existed but a valid email address, any chance of stopping this without asking them login to the email account and clicking links which dont work most times.. (too annoying to the end user) Server is sending unnecessary emails can be avoided if i know they dont exists ? Solutions i need to have Is there a way i can download the bounce email list somewhere (WHM/Cpanel), i know exim mail has it but its not readable (i need a file like CSV or something similar to scan them over and write a php script to delete the users from the database ?) I need to know if there is any function in the PHP that can check the existence of the email address on the fly ? so that i can set the email send function in the mailer class to check before it sends out. On the server will bouncing emails are going to eatup lots of server resources ? like memory/cpu on processing them ? or are they are minimal where we dont have to worry about this at all ? May be a opensoruce or linux software to capture them and view them in a report basis and cleaning them up ? I am not a linux expert or server admin but i do lot of PHP coding, so please be descriptive of the solutions specially if they are linux commands Thank you!

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• Use Alladin eToken with ThunderBird and other tool

  - by Yurij73

  I'm looking for an example on how to setup the eToken PRO Java device to work with Mozilla Thunderbird and with other Linux tool such as PAM logon. I installed distributed pkiclient-5.00.28-0.i386.RPM from the official product page eToken Pro but that tool only handles importing/exporting certificates on the device. I read a glance an old HOWTO from eToken on Linux, but I couldn't install pkcs11-lib for this device as recommended for Thunderbird use this crypto device. It seems my usb token isn't listed in system, unless lsusb show it, so that is the matter modutil -list -dbdir /etc/pki/nssdb Listing of PKCS #11 Modules NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module Blockquote slots: 2 slots attached Blockquote status: loaded Blockquote slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services Blockquote token: NSS Certificate DB Blockquote CoolKey PKCS #11 Module Blockquote library name: libcoolkeypk11.so Blockquote slots: 1 slot attached Blockquote status: loaded Blockquote slot: AKS ifdh [Main Interface] 00 00 token: is my token absent? on other hand i don't know which module is convenient to Java Pro, does CoolKey does all the job well? It seems Java token is too new hardware for Linux? there is excerpt from /etc/pam_pkcs11.conf #filename of the PKCS #11 module. The default value is "default" use_pkcs11_module = coolkey; screen_savers = gnome-screensaver,xscreensaver,kscreensaver pkcs11_module coolkey { module = libcoolkeypk11.so; description = "Cool Key"`

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• Openfiler crashing without cause or leaving any log messages

  - by user44725

  So my linux machine keeps crashing, without so much as a bye or a leave. I've tried and tried and failed again to work out whats happening. Any help would be much appreciated. Linux chai 2.6.29.6-0.24.smp.gcc3.4.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 05:06:08 GMT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Openfiler Here is what the /var/log/messages file says at the time of the latest crash. Nothing that unusual - just greg logging in and out via samba. You'll notice there is a cron running for root every minute - ignore this - this isn't the issue either it was some check I've been doing to discover its problem. Jun 2 10:32:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16529]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:32:49 chai samba(pam_unix)[15454]: session opened for user greg by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:04 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:41:40 chai syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Jun 2 10:41:43 chai syslog: syslogd startup succeeded That restart was called manually by hand - by clicking the restart button on the box. So basically messages isn't revealing many secrets. dmesg only shows from startup. If there is any output I should paste. Just say when and where and it'll be done. Thanks for your help! Tim

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• Debian - Secure system from current administrator

  - by netadmin

  Hello, I am the Network and Systems Administrator in an organization of just under 500 users. We have a number of Windows Servers, and that is certainly my area of expertise. We also have a very small handful of Debian servers. We are about to terminate the sysadmin of these Debian systems. Short of powering down the systems, I would like to know how I can ensure that the previous admin does not have control of these systems in the future, at least until we hire a replacement linux sysadmin. I have physical/virtual-console access to each of the systems, so I can reboot them in various user-modes. I just don't know what to do. Please assume that I do not currently have root access to all of these systems (an oversight on my part that I now recognize.) I have some experience in Linux, and use it on my desktop on a daily basis, but I must admit that I am a competent user of linux, not a systems admin. I have no fear of the command line however.... Is there a list of steps that one should take to "secure" a system from somebody else? Again, I assure you that this is legit, I am re-taking control of my employer's systems, at the request of my employer. I hope to not have to shut the systems down permanently and still be reasonably certain that they are secure. Thanks for your time.

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• Expand disk space on Ubuntu 10.04 (VMWare Guest)

  - by Jason Clawson

  I need to resize the disk space of an ubuntu guest in VMWare Workstation. After using the expand disk utility in vmware workstation, I need to do some linux magic to resize the parition. I have searched and found a lot of posts about resizing it. Unfortunately I don't really understand it all that well. Can anyone help me out with this? df -h gives me: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 19G 2.6G 16G 15% / none 496M 172K 495M 1% /dev none 500M 0 500M 0% /dev/shm none 500M 64K 500M 1% /var/run none 500M 0 500M 0% /var/lock none 500M 0 500M 0% /lib/init/rw none 19G 2.6G 16G 15% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/sda1 228M 36M 181M 17% /boot lvs says: LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert root ubuntu -wi-ao 18.88g swap_1 ubuntu -wi-ao 884.00m fdisk -l says: Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00033718 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 248832 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 2611 20719617 5 Extended /dev/sda5 32 2611 20719616 8e Linux LVM I really appreciate the help.

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• Jobs with anacron won't run

  - by mareser

  I would like to run two bash scripts daily using anacron in order to backup some data. Unfortunately I can't figure out why said scripts are not executed. For test purposes I let cron execute the scripts and it worked fine. cat /etc/anacrontab gives # /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron # See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # These replace cron's entries 1 5 cron.daily nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily 7 10 cron.weekly nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly @monthly 15 cron.monthly nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly 1 5 TB_bak /bin/sh /home/vasco2/Dropbox/Scripts/backup_TB.sh 1 5 key_db_bak /bin/sh /home/vasco2/Dropbox/Scripts/bak_key_db.sh The output of ls ~/Dropbox/Scripts/ is backup_TB.sh bak_key_db.sh I use Linux Mint Katya. uname -a gives Linux vasco2 2.6.38-8-generic-pae #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 05:17:09 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux I would be very happy if somebody could point me in the right direction on why those scripts won't get executed. P.S.: There is no anacron tag on superuser.com. Maybe somebody wants to change that.

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• RHEL 5.2 installing on ProLiant BL460c - hangs at 'now booting the kernel'

  - by Dr Rocket Mr Socket

  As the title states, I have a problem. This server and the installation disc are also on the other side of the world to me so... So far, I have tried to start the install with the parameters: linux text noapic noacpi no=apic no=acpi which results in the same hang. I have also disabled a PCI ethernet adapter, I am uneasy about disabling the onboard ethernet adapter I do not know if ILO uses this. Anyone have any advice? Much appreciated. EDIT: full output after trying to begin the installation. boot: linux text Loading initrd.img.................. Loading vmlinuz....... Uncompressing Linux...done. Now booting the kernel stays on this for hours EDIT2: adding the 'mem=40960M' (server has 40 gigs of ram) parameter allows it to proceed but the following output directly after 'Now booting the kernal' Memory: sized by int13 0e801h initrd extends beyond end of memory (0x00ef2090 > 0x00000000) disabling initrd Console: 16 point font, 400 scans Console: colour VGA+ 80x25, 1 virtual console (max 63) pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory Structure at 0x000ffee0 pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory entry at 0xf0000

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• Adding third disk as a single disk in a server with an existing RAID1

  - by slowhandsolo

  I've got a ProLiant DL360 G5 server (Fedora 13) with two SAS disks in a hardware RAID 1, working fine. Now I hot plugged another SAS disk. I'd like to configure this new hard disk out of my RAID, as a single non-RAID disk (ex. /dev/sdb). Even after rebooting the server, I can't see the new disk with "fdisk -l". It displays only my hardware RAID, but not the new disk. [root@myserver]# fdisk -l Disco /dev/cciss/c0d0: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes Disposit. Inicio Comienzo Fin Bloques Id Sistema /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 126 512000 83 Linux /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 126 71798 292422656 8e Linux LVM Disco /dev/dm-0: 234.9 GB, 234881024000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-1: 10.5 GB, 10536091648 bytes Disco /dev/dm-2: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-3: 31.5 GB, 31474057216 bytes Disco /dev/dm-4: 1577 MB, 1577058304 bytes However, I can see the new disk using the HP Array Configuration Utility CLI for Linux "hpacucli": [root@myserver]# hpacucli => controller slot=0 physicaldrive all show status physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, 300 GB): OK => controller slot=0 pd all show detail Smart Array P400i in Slot 0 (Embedded) array A physicaldrive 1I:1:1 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 1 physicaldrive 1I:1:2 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 2 **unassigned** physicaldrive 1I:1:3 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 3 Status: OK Drive Type: **Unassigned Drive** As you can see, I've got two SAS disks in a RAID 1 and the new disk as "unassigned". Is there any way to work with the new disk as another non-RAID single disk? If relevant, I want to create a new partition in my new disk, format it with mkfs and mount it, but as I can't see it with fdisk, I don't know how to do it. Thanks!

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• Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

  - by ewwhite

  Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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• Intermittent NFS lockups on Isilon cluster

  - by blackbox222

  We have an Isilon cluster with 8 IQ 12000x nodes which exports storage via several NFS shares for a handful of Linux and Solaris clients. There is a Linux system that has one of these NFS filesystems mounted. I/O to this filesystem is moderately heavy from the Linux system. Every 3-4 weeks (it's not on any kind of discernible schedule, and sometimes is more/less frequent than this), we notice that all activity ceases on this NFS mount (the process hangs, as if the network stopped working so process is stuck in uninterruptible sleep) - 30 minutes later, the share recovers and things continue to work normally. The kernel log from the affected machine is as follows: Dec 3 10:07:29 redacted kernel: [8710020.871993] nfs: server nfs-redacted not responding, still trying Dec 3 10:37:17 redacted kernel: [8711805.966130] nfs: server nfs-redacted OK relevant /etc/fstab line: nfs-redacted:/ifs/nfs/export_data/shared/...redacted... /data nfs defaults 0 0 I've checked to see if there are any scheduled processes e.g. cron jobs, Isilon related functions e.g. snapshots, etc that might be causing these hangups but I can't seem to find anything. I'm also not aware of any network related issues or maintenance that would cause this. All of the lockups last almost exactly 30 minutes per the kernel logs. Perhaps someone has some suggestions I could try? (I considered a soft mount to avoid the problems associated with processes accessing the filesystem hanging; however am wary of the corruption that could result and it would not really solve the underlying issue anyway).

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• What can cause kernel out_of_memory error?

  - by nbolton

  I'm running Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 and I'm experiencing intermittent out_of_memory errors coming from the kernel. The server stops responding to all but pings, and I have to reboot the server. # uname -a Linux xxx 2.6.18-164.9.1.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Dec 15 21:31:37 EST 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux This seems to be the important bit from /var/log/messages Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: Call Trace: Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff802bedff>] out_of_memory+0x8b/0x203 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8020f825>] __alloc_pages+0x245/0x2ce Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8021377f>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xc6/0x1ab Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80214015>] filemap_nopage+0x14c/0x360 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80208ebc>] __handle_mm_fault+0x443/0x1337 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026766a>] do_page_fault+0xf7b/0x12e0 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026ef17>] monotonic_clock+0x35/0x7b Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80262da3>] thread_return+0x6c/0x113 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8021afef>] remove_vma+0x4c/0x53 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80264901>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x9/0x14 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026082b>] error_exit+0x0/0x6e Full snippet here: http://pastebin.com/a7eWf7VZ I thought that perhaps the server was actually running out of memory (it has 1GB physical memory), but my Cacti memory graph looks OK to me... But strangely the load graph goes through the roof shortly before the kernel crashes: What logs can I look at for more info? Update: Maybe noteworthy - the CPU percentage and network traffic graphs were both normal at the time of the crash. The only abnormality was the average load graph.

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• saving and searching encrypted mail

  - by student

  I often send and receive gpg-encrypted mail. At the moment I use thunderbird + enigmail (in linux) to do that. As far as I know there is no way in thunderbird to find all encrypted messages which bodies contain particular keywords. There also seems to be no option to save encrypted mails decrypted (so they would be searchable). However for me it is important to be able to search old encrypted mails. So my question is: Is there a way in linux to save incoming mails automatically decrypted in my inbox and save outgoing encrypted mail decrypted in the send folder? Both times adding a line to the body which remarks that the mail was encrypted. It could be another email client for linux that could to that or perhaps a solution using procmail or maildrop. For a procmail solution I guess there could be some problems with encoding (perhaps one have to use emil?) the solution should work well with german special characters in subject and body. Note that the solution should work for multipart encrypted messages (including encrypted attachments) too i.e. with everything which could thunderbird + enigmail generate. Further note that I don't want a discussion about security holes. For me it's ok if messages are stored decrypted on my harddrive (which is encrypted as a whole anyway). In doubt for a first solution it would be ok to store my private key passphrase in cleartext on my harddrive, too. The point is that the mails are encrypted on the mailserver or more generally on their "way through the net".

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• SSH Interactive mode not working

  - by Ekin Koc

  I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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• Help, my CentOS servers keep going down , No route to host after a random uptime

  - by user249071

  Hello , I have a couple of Centos linux servers, that have a very simple task, they run nginx + fastcgi for php , and some NFS mounts between them, readonly They have some RPC commands to start some downloading processes with wget, nothing fancy , from a main server, but their behavior is very unstable, they simply go down, we tried to monitor ram , processor usage, even network connections, they don't load up so much, max network connections up to... 250 max, 15% processor usage and memory , well, doesn't even fill up, 2.5GB from 8GB max , I have no ideea why can a linux server go down like that, they aren't even public servers, no domain names installed no public serving, for sites. The only thing that I've discovered was that if i didn't restart the network service every couple of hours or so... the servers were becoming very slow, starting apps very slow, but not repoting a high usage of resources...Maybe Centos doesn't free the timeout connections, or something like that...It's based on Red Hat right? I'm not a linux expert , but I'm sure that there are a few guys out there that can easily have an answer to this , or even have some leads to what i can do ... I haven't installed snort, or other things to view if we have some DOS attacks, still the scheduled script that restarts the network each hour should put the system back online, and it doesn't.... Thank you in advance

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• Debian Wheezy 7.5 64bit xfce4 install error ( no desktop environment installed already )

  - by GeoMind

  i wrote a CD with an iso-image from debian.org. the debian-7.5.0-amd64-CD-1.iso from this folder. Debian Wheezy 7.5 stable 64bit There was an error at Select and install software step. It said Retrieving file 770 from 800 and then it failed the installation. I continued the instal and when i opened the computer it doesn't work the Ctrl + Alt + F7 as i waited. It starts at tty1 and after logging in i edited config file cause it had a lot of errors and said E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages or Couldn't found the package. FILE: /etc/apt/sources.list # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 7.5.0 _Wheezy_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20140426-13:37]/ wheezy main #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 7.5.0 _Wheezy_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20140426-13:37]/ wheezy main deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free After that i tried to install xfce4 as desktop environment. Guide found at Linux Panda But it print at terminal: What i sould do? How i can fix this problem?

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• Data recovery from corrupt Ubuntu partition/directory (question about a previous answer)

  - by JoshMaurice

  I have an Ubuntu installation that won't boot anymore. I asked my previous question about it here: http://superuser.com/questions/15916/ubuntu-chkdsk-equivalent Bolotov replied: As I see from your previous question you can boot Windows so you could use dskprobe from Windows XP Service Pack 2 Support Tools to make sure that fs type is correct ... but it's already correct fs type 7 is NTFS. Message "The type of the filesystem is RAW. CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives." means that windows can't determine fs type for some reason. As we see fs type is correct. To run Chkdsk on your Windows partition you can install Windows Recovery Console, boot in recovery console and check your disk. After checking the disk you will gain access to you c:\ubuntu\disks. I think you can mount your linux partition (which is in file) as usual loop-back device: mount -o loop [path to your linux-loopback-partition] But you should mount windows patrition first. So now I'd like to know: Within the recovery console I will be issuing the commands "chkdsk -r" and then "mount -o loop [path to windows partition]" and then "mount -o loop c:\ubuntu\disks", correct? I do have a ("corrupt and unreadable") c:\ubuntu\disks directory so that appears to be the correct path to the linux partition; do you know the path to the windows partition? would that be just "c:\"?

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• saving and searching encrypted mail

  - by user53616

  I often send and receive gpg-encrypted mail. At the moment I use thunderbird + enigmail (in linux) to do that. As far as I know there is no way in thunderbird to find all encrypted messages which bodies contain particular keywords. There also seems to be no option to save encrypted mails decrypted (so they would be searchable). However for me it is important to be able to search old encrypted mails. So my question is: Is there a way in linux to save incoming mails automatically decrypted in my inbox and save outgoing encrypted mail decrypted in the send folder? Both times adding a line to the body which remarks that the mail was encrypted. It could be another email client for linux that could to that or perhaps a solution using procmail or maildrop. For a procmail solution I guess there could be some problems with encoding (perhaps one have to use emil?). Note that the solution should work for multipart encrypted messages (including encrypted attachments) too. Further note that I don't want a discussion about security holes. For me it's ok if messages are stored decrypted on my harddrive (which is encrypted as a whole anyway). In doubt for a first solution it would be ok to store my private key passphrase in cleartext on my harddrive, too. The point is that the mails are encrypted on the mailserver or more generally on their "way through the net".

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• virtual machines, dual booting and data disks on SSD

  - by stevemarvell

  This is in planning, so if I've got the strategy wrong, please let me know. There are multiple questions here, but I think they all degenerate to the same answers. The hardware is a laptop with a single SSD. I'm trying to not lose the performance of the SSD. I plan a native dual booting Windows (plus cygwin) and Linux machine which is my BYOD and represents the development environment. I keep the codebase on a shared partition (though sometimes this is an external thunderbolt SSD) which can be natively "mounted" by whichever OS is in operation. I boot into one or the other environments depending on the task in hand. Sometime I have to develop with windows tools, but generally, Linux is my preferred development environment. It would be ideal if I could VM the other OS and run either in either. I'm going to assume, because I've not found a sensible VM based solution, that I have get samba involved to share the code partition between VMs. Is this going to blow my SSD performance in the VM? The client also supplies me with a VM for the target environment, usually linux. This is not often suited to development and is used for testing only. I normally keep two copies of this, one as a sandbox and one which I deploy to using the client's preferred method. I keep these VM snapshots on the shared partition. The latter is interacted with over the network and so has no disk sharing requirements. However, it would be useful for the sandbox to be able to "mount" the code base from the natively running OS. Is this samba or nfs again, depending on the native OS? Am I missing a trick which allows this to all work smoothly with all four environments running at once without loosing the SSD performance?

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• How to set static ip address on vmware for NAT guest vms from an ubuntu Host dhcp server?

  - by javadba

  I need to configure various linux flavor NAT'ed guest vm's to have static ip addresses provided by the Ubuntu host. The vmware documentation punts on this topic, deferring to "see the man pages for your linux distribution". But the generic pages for "my linux distro" do not know about the special stuff for vmware e.g. vmnet8. Pointers from someone who just knows how to do this would be much appreciated. Here is the /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf: allow unknown-clients; default-lease-time 1800; # default is 30 minutes max-lease-time 7200; # default is 2 hours subnet 192.168.238.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.238.128 192.168.238.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.238.255; option domain-name-servers 192.168.238.2; option domain-name localdomain; default-lease-time 1800; # default is 30 minutes max-lease-time 7200; # default is 2 hours option netbios-name-servers 192.168.238.2; option routers 192.168.238.2; } host vmnet8 { hardware ethernet 00:50:56:C0:00:08; fixed-address 192.168.238.1; option domain-name-servers 0.0.0.0; option domain-name ""; option routers 0.0.0.0; } Fromt the dhcpd.conf documentation, we are supposed to add an entry for static hosts similar to the following: host mystatichostonee { hardware ethernet 00:20:6B:C7:9B:E4; fixed-address 192.168.238.101; } host mystatichosttwo { hardware ethernet 00:23:7a:C7:9c:F2; fixed-address 192.168.238.102; } But notice that the vmnet8 entry in the vmware-generated dhcpd.conf already is set to fixed-address. I don't know how to add the specifics for my hosts to that vmnet8 entry: do they become nested?

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• DVD-burner disappears when using grub

  - by drblah

  This is a rather annoying problem I have with Linux on my laptop. Whenever I install any Linux distro that relies on grub (which is about 99 % apparently) it will mess up my DVD-drive and the drive will not be recognized after booting, no matter the OS (Ubunntu, Arch, Windows Vista or 7). I know the problem has nothing to do the DVD-drive itself, because I bought a new one a few months ago. I am also sure that grub is messing the drive up, because I have tried to use LILO, which worked fine (except for horrible boot times.) This problem have persisted through about 3-4 years and it is a pretty bad show stopper whenever I want to work with Linux. I had hoped it would get fixed over time, but no one seems to have the exact problem I have. The drive is connected with an IDE connection. Update: The old drive was a Toshiba Samsung SN-S082. I don't know the model number of the new one, but it is HP (I think). Things I have tried to fix it: Mess about with some BIOS settings like enabling AHCI and change some IDE settings. Installing a different boot loader DOES fix the problem but I would like to use grub.

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• ssh works fine when using public interface, but slow when using private interface

  - by Kevin M

  My Linux(UbuntuEEE) to Linux(CentOS) ssh takes a long time to log in(~15 seconds) when using the private interface, but not when using the public one. I have a Linux box acting as my router. As such, it has multiple interfaces(75.xxx.xxx.xxx, 192.168.1.1). I can ssh in from the internal interface(192.168.1.65 to .1), but it will take a while. I can ssh into the public address, and it goes quickly(~1 second). I have another box that I can ssh into the inside interface from and it goes quickly. iptables is set to accept packets coming into the interface immediately. sshd's UseDNS is normally on; I get the same problem if I turn it off and restart sshd. I normally use public-key authentication; I have done a mv ~/.ssh/ ~/ssh/ and it will ask me for a password after going slowly. After logging in(using either interface), speed is quick. ssh client version(via ssh -v):OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1.2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 ssh server version(via rpm -qv openssh_server):openssh-server-4.3p2-29.el5

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• How do I get a network printer installed in ubuntu 9.04?

  - by SoaperGEM

  My girlfriend's work computer now has Linux on one of the partitions, and for the most part it's running fine--except that I can't seem to get the network printers configured right. There are two of them: a Lanier MP 7500/LD275 and a Lanier MP C3000/LD430c, and Linux seems to have found them both automatically. I'll go through the steps of what I did, and what exactly went wrong. I went to Administration Printing, and clicked the new printer button. It searched for printers and found them both, listed under "Network Printers." I added them as new printers in succession. However, when I clicked "Print a Test Page," it failed saying there was a broken pipe. The device URIs were saved as socket://[ip address]:9100. I changed these to lpd://[ip address] per some online tutorial, which at first looked like it might have worked (but didn't). Then when I tried to print a test page, it first said Processing (and sometimes even Processing - printing test page, 4%, but always subsequently displays Idle - /usr/lib/cups/backend/lpd failed. Help! What do I do? It seems like Linux can find these printers just fine, and the drivers seem to be in place, so what's going wrong?

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• 3 Monitor PCI-e Graphics card (without tremendous pain)?

  - by N Rahl

  As we are all painfully aware, the only way to get multiple monitors AND compositing (Compiz) on Linux is to use a single graphics card that can drive both (or in my case all three) screens. I bought a Radeon 5750 specifically because it claims to able to drive 3 monitors. I can plug in 3 monitors (2 DVI, 1 HDMI) and the Catalyst Control Center shows all 3, but only 2 can be enabled at a time. The exact message is: The current settings cannot be applied. Possible issues may include: - Display(s) cannot be enabled. - Setting(s) cannot be applied due to insufficient video memory. So I'm going to assume that either the 5750 doesn't support 3 monitors, OR, more likely, ATI couldn't be bothered to add that support to their Linux drivers. So this is a multipart question: First, can anyone suggest a PCI Express Graphics card that can run 3 screens on linux without tremendous pain? I'm looking for something where you install the driver and all three screens "just work". Does such a card exist? Second, if you have a 5750, have you been able to get it to do 3 monitors? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 at the moment.

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• cpusets not working - threads aren't running in the cpuset I specified?

  - by lori

  I have used cpuset to shield some cpus for exclusive use by some realtime threads. Displaying the cpuset config with the test app RealtimeTest1 running and its tasks moved into the cpusets: $ cset set --list -r cset: Name CPUs-X MEMs-X Tasks Subs Path ------------ ---------- - ------- - ----- ---- ---------- root 0-23 y 0-1 y 279 2 / system 0,2,4,6,8,10 n 0 n 202 0 /system shield 1,3,5,7,9,11 n 1 n 0 2 /shield RealtimeTest1 1,3,5,7 n 1 n 0 4 /shield/RealtimeTest1 thread1 3 n 1 n 1 0 /shield/RealtimeTest1/thread1 thread2 5 n 1 n 1 0 /shield/RealtimeTest1/thread2 main 1 n 1 n 1 0 /shield/RealtimeTest1/main I can interrogate the cpuset filesystem to show that my tasks are supposedly pinned to the cpus I requested: /cpusets/shield/RealtimeTest1 $ for i in `find -name tasks`; do echo $i; cat $i; echo "------------"; done ./thread1/tasks 17651 ------------ ./main/tasks 17649 ------------ ./thread2/tasks 17654 ------------ Further, if I use sched_getaffinity, it reports what cpuset does - that thread1 is on cpu 3 and thread2 is on cpu 5. However, if I run top -p 17649 -H with f,j to bring up the last used cpu, it shows that thread 1 is running on thread 2's cpu, and main thread is running on a cpu in the system cpuset (Note that thread 17654 is running FIFO, hence thread 17651 is blocked) PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ P COMMAND 17654 root -2 0 54080 35m 7064 R 100 0.4 5:00.77 3 RealtimeTest 17649 root 20 0 54080 35m 7064 S 0 0.4 0:00.05 2 RealtimeTest 17651 root 20 0 54080 35m 7064 R 0 0.4 0:00.00 3 RealtimeTest Also, looking at /proc/17649/task to find the last_cpu each of its tasks ran on: /proc/17649/task $ for i in `ls -1`; do cat $i/stat | awk '{print $1 " is on " $(NF - 5)}'; done 17649 is on 2 17651 is on 3 17654 is on 3 So cpuset and sched_getaffinity reports one thing, but reality is another I would say that cpuset is not working? My machine configuration is: $ cat /etc/SuSE-release SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (x86_64) VERSION = 11 PATCHLEVEL = 1 $ uname -a Linux foobar 2.6.32.12-0.7-default #1 SMP 2010-05-20 11:14:20 +0200 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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