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  • Memory interleaving

    - by Tim Green
    Hello, I have this question that has me rather confused. Suppose that a 1G x 32-bit main memory is built using 256M x 4-bit RAM chips and that this memory is byte-addressable. I have deduced that one would require 4*1G = 2^2*2*30 = 2^32 - so 32 bits to address the full memory. My problem now comes with, say, if you had memory (byte) address "14", determine which memory module this would go into. (There would have to be 8 chips per module to make the 32-bit wide memory, and 4 modules overall giving 32 chips in total. Modules are numbered from 0). In high-order interleave, it appears trivial that it's the first (0) memory module given a lot of the first few bits are 0. However, low-order interleave has me stumped. I can't figure out (for sure) how many bits are used to determine a memory module (possibly 2, given there are 4 in total?). The given solution is Module 3. This is not homework in the same sense so I will not be tagging it as such.

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  • How is an array stored in memory?

    - by George
    In an interest to delve deeper into how memory is allocated and stored, I have written an application that can scan memory address space, find a value, and write out a new value. I developed a sample application with the end goal to be able to programatically locate my array, and overwrite it with a new sequence of numbers. In this situation, I created a single dimensional array, with 5 elements, e.g. int[] array = new int[] {8,7,6,5,4}; I ran my application and searched for a sequence of the five numbers above. I was looking for any value that fell between 4 and 8, for a total of 5 numbers in a row. Unforuntately, my the sequential numbers in my array matched hundreds of results, as the numbers 4 through 8, in no particular sequence happened to be next to each other, in memory, in many situations. Is there any way to distinguish that a set of numbers within memory, represents an array, not simply integers that are next to each other? Is there any way of knowing that if I find a certain value, that the matching values proceeding it are that of an array? I would assume that when I declare int[] array, its pointing at the first address of my array, which would provide some kind of meta-data to what existed in the array, e.g. 0x123456789 meta-data, 5 - 32 bit integers 0x123456789 + 32 "8" 0x123456789 + 64 "7" 0x123456789 + 96 "6" 0x123456789 + 128 "5" 0x123456789 + 160 "4" Am I way off base?

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  • C++: Unitialized variables garbage

    - by Hardware Problem
    int myInt; cout << myInt; // Garbage like 429948, etc If I output and/or work with unitialized variables in C++, what are their assumed values? Actual values in the memory from the "last user"? e.g.: Program A is closed, it had an int with the value 1234 at 0x1234 - I run my program, myInt gets the address 0x1234, I output it like above - 1234 Is it just random garbage?

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  • When to give in and start The Big Rewrite?

    - by John Cromartie
    I've had my share of projects where the first thing I think is "let's just rewrite it in ." Everybody feels the urge at some point. In fact, I think I've had the urge to rewrite pretty much every project I've ever been on. However, it is accepted wisdom that a total rewrite is generally a bad idea. The question is: when do you look at a project and say: "OK, it's time to start over." What sort of metrics or examples can you cite of where a rewrite was truly necessary? How bad does the code have to be? How old can a project get before there too much invested?

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  • free( ) pointers

    - by user1043625
    I'm required to use a special library to keep track of my memory leaks where malloc()= allocate( ) and free( ) = unallocate( ). I'm trying to complete free a linked-list but it seems like the "root" value isn't being freed. typedef struct _node { struct _node *child; char *command; } Command_list; void delete_commands(Command_list **root) { Command_list *temp; while( *root != NULL ){ temp = (*root)->child; //printf("STRING: %s\n", *root->command ); unallocate( *root ); *root = temp; } } The function that's calling it void file_processing( .... ){ Command_list *root = allocate(sizeof (Command_list)); root = NULL; .... delete_commands( &root ); } } I believe that Command_list *root = allocate(sizeof (Command_list)) isn't being properly de-allocated for some reason. Anyone can give me some hints? UPDATE: I found out that instead of Command_list *root = allocate(sizeof (Command_list)); root = NULL; this works: Command_list *root = NULL;

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  • Is there any alternative way of writing this switch statement(C#3.0)

    - by Newbie
    Can it be done in a better way public static EnumFactorType GetFactorEnum(string str) { Standardization e = new Standardization(); switch (str.ToLower()) { case "beta": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BETA; break; case "bkp": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BOOK_TO_PRICE; break; case "yld": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.DIVIDEND_YIELD; break; case "growth": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.GROWTH; break; case "mean": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.MARKET_CAP; break; case "momentum": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.MOMENTUM; break; case "size": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.SIZE; break; case "stat_fact1": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.STAT_FACT_1; break; case "stat_fact2": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.STAT_FACT_2; break; case "value": e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.VALUE; break; } return e.FactorType; } If I create a Static class(say Constatant) and declare variable like public static string BETA= "beta"; and then if I try to put that in the Case expression like Case Constants.BETA : e.FactorType = EnumFactorType.BETA; break; then the compiler will report error.(quite expected) So is there any other way?(I canot change the switch statement) Using C#3.0 Thanks

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  • Can I just release the top object (iPhone)?

    - by yar
    If I release the object that's holding a reference to the variable that I need to release, is that sufficient? Or must I release at every level of the containment hierarchy? I fear that my logic comes from working with a garbage collector for too long. For instance, I assigned to this property of a UIPickerView instance by hand instead of using IB @property(nonatomic, assign) id<UIPickerViewDelegate> delegate Since it's an assign property, I can't just release the reference after I assign it. When I finally release my UIPickerView instance, do I need to do this: [singlePicker.delegate release]; [singlePicker release]; or is the second line sufficient? Also: Are these assign properties the norm, or is that mostly for Interface Builder? I thought that retain properties were the normal thing to expect.

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  • Objective-c when to release objects

    - by Chris
    -(IBAction)registerUpdate:(id)sender { HTTPRequest* request = [[HTTPRequest alloc] initWithUrl:@"http://www.yahoo.com" delegate:self]; [request doRequest]; } The HTTPRequest makes an asynchronous request and calls the onHTTPResponse method in the current class. My question is do I have to release request? My guess is that I'm supposed to make it an instance variable? [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Data received: %@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]]; How would I release that string object, or should I assign it to a variable?

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  • What do you do when a client ask for a feature which is a really bad idea?

    - by TAG
    Recently there was a SO question asking how to implement a feature which blocked users from copying text from a page in their browser. There were many negative comments on this feature, both because it's not practically possible to implement effectively and because it will interfere with the users' experience? What's a programmer to do in these sorts of situations in dealing with their clients or employers?

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  • Optimize MySQL database query

    - by rajeeesh
    I had a commenting application in my web site. The comments will store in a MySQL table . table structure as follows id | Comment | user | created_date ------------------------------------------------------ 12 | comment he | 1245 | 2012-03-30 12:15:00 ------------------------------------------------------ I need to run a query for listing all the comments after a specific time. ie .. a query like this SELECT * FROM comments WHERE created_date > "2012-03-29 12:15:00" ORDER BY created_date DESC Its working fine.. My question is if I got a 1-2 lakh entry in this table is this query is sufficient for the purpose ? or this query will take time to execute ? In most cases I have to show last 2 days data + periodically ( interval of 10 mins ) checking for updates with ajax from this table ... Please help Thanks

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  • PHP - Setting Database Info

    - by user1710648
    First off, I'm sorry if this shows no code which is not what Stack Overflow is about..But I have no clue where to go on this. I have a basic CMS I made, and I am trying to distribute it. I want to make it so that upon going to /cms/install for example, they set the database info, and different info to integrate into the CMS. Now my issue is, what would be the best method to allow the user to store that database info? A cookie seems to not be the right way..Could I store database info inside of a database? Not too sure where to go on this. More or less. What is the best way to temporarily store the database information the user gave before arrival of the full CMS.

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  • Allocating 32-bit integer arrays in 64-bit machines

    - by Shredderroy
    I have a 64-bit i7 machine. Suppose I allocate memory for n 32-bit integers. How many physical registers will actually be used in the allocation: n, or n/2? I tried to write the following simple programme to find out. #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { int a[4]; cout << &a[0] << "\t" << &a[3] << endl; cin.ignore (1); return 0; } // End main () The output is: 0018FA04 0018FA10 They seem further apart than they should be. Why aren't the addresses 04 and 07? And does this mean that the system is actually allocating four (or more) integers, instead of packing the four 32-bit integers into two 64-bit registers? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Project manager programming background

    - by Henryk Konsek
    Do you think that project manager should have programming background? Do you consider this role as a natural way of evolution for the skilled/leader programmers (as an alternative for architect role)? Or maybe you believe that PM should be just a good manager with a basic understanding of the programming concepts and a fundamental knowledge about the technology you use. What is your experience with working with both kinds of managers (ex-programmers or just managers).

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  • Allocate from buffer in C

    - by Grimless
    I am building a simple particle system and want to use a single array buffer of structs to manage my particles. That said, I can't find a C function that allows me to malloc() and free() from an arbitrary buffer. Here is some pseudocode to show my intent: Particle* particles = (Particle*) malloc( sizeof(Particle) * numParticles ); Particle* firstParticle = <buffer_alloc>( particles ); initialize_particle( firstParticle ); // ... Some more stuff if (firstParticle->life < 0) <buffer_free>( firstParticle ); // @ program's end free(particles); Where <buffer_alloc> and <buffer_free> are functions that allocate and free memory chunks from arbitrary pointers (possibly with additional metadata such as buffer length, etc.). Do such functions exist and/or is there a better way to do this? Thank you!

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  • Separate "include" and "src" folders for application-level code?

    - by StackedCrooked
    This questions concerns mostly Unix/Linux style C++ development. I see that many C++ libraries store their header files in a "include" folder and source files in an "src" folder. For the sake of conformance I adopted this in my own code. But it is not clear to me whether this should be done for application code as well. I've seen a few cases where a flat directory structure is used for that. What would be the recommended approach?

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  • Managing modes in Windows application working directly with SQL Server 2008

    - by hgulyan
    Hi, I have a MS Access 97 application (but the question is general) working directly with SQL Server 2008 (without application server or anything). Numbers of users can be up to 1000. Windows Authentication is used. The question is: How to handle modes, so some users will be allowed to work in read-only mode some users won't have access to db for some time My versions: Using a table with a mode id for every group of users, that will work the same way. On Form Load application will query that table for mode id. Using trigger on the tables, that must work according to that mode. The trigger will query mode value and doesn't work if access is closed or it's in read-only mode I know it's not these are not the best solutions, that's why I'm asking for your advice. There's one more point. If the mode is changed to "access-is-closed" for a group of users, that group must not be able to query to DB starting that moment. With first solution I wrote it won't work, because user can be in application at that moment and no form load event will work. How can I do this? Is there any optimal solution? Thank you. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Just a small help about switch's use

    - by Laurent Fournier
    If an answer on this already exist, my apologies i've not found on this question... is this statement correct if i want presice actions on integers from -2 to 0, and for those between 1 and 6 apply the same methods with only my integer who'll change ? Like this: public void setCaseGUI(Point pt, int i, boolean b){ plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setSelected(b); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setIcon(null); switch(i) { case -2: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText("F"); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(Color.red); break; case -1: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText("B"); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(Color.red); break; case 0: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText(""); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(null); break; case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText(String.valueOf(i)); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(null); break; default: System.out.println("Erreur de changement d'état/case !"); } } Please don't be too harsh on me i've started to learn dev only a few month ago

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  • AS3/AIR: Managing Run-Time Image Data

    - by grey
    I'm developing a game with AS3 and AIR. I will have a large-ish quantity of images that I need to load for display elements. It would be nice not to embed all of the images that the game needs, thereby avoiding having them all in memory at once. That's okay in smaller projects, but doesn't make sense here. I'm curious about strategies for loading images during run time. Since all of the files are quite small and local ( in my current project ) loading them on request might be the best solution, but I'd like to hear what ideas people have for managing this. For bonus points, I'm also curious about solutions for loading images on-demand server-side as well.

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  • How can pointers to functions point to something that doesn't exist in memory yet? Why do prototypes have different addresses?

    - by Kacy Raye
    To my knowledge, functions do not get added to the stack until run-time after they are called in the main function. So how can a pointer to a function have a function's memory address if it doesn't exist in memory? For example: using namespace std; #include <iostream> void func() { } int main() { void (*ptr)() = func; cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr) << endl; //prints 0x8048644 even though func never gets added to the stack } Also, this next question is a little less important to me, so if you only know the answer to my first question, then that is fine. But anyway, why does the value of the pointer ( the memory address of the function ) differ when I declare a function prototype and implement the function after main? In the first example, it printed out 0x8048644 no matter how many times I ran the program. In the next example, it printed out 0x8048680 no matter how many times I ran the program. For example: using namespace std; #include <iostream> void func(); int main() { void ( *ptr )() = func; cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr) << endl; } void func(){ }

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