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  • format/build raid 5 with one 4k drive, three 512b

    - by skidawgz
    I have 4 WD 1TB drives which I want to 4x1TB Raid5. I am not sure what course of action to take next. How do I configure my 4th drive (sde) to align with the rest? Will this affect performance? I rcv this msg (which brings me here to ask these question): The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. fdisk -l shows: Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf324ba09 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x38bcc1f0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x570f77e7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xeb665e7b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

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  • GParted in UBUNTU shows entire disk as UNALLOCATED SPACE

    - by msPeachy
    Good day to everyone. I hope someone can help me with my problem. I have a dual boot Windows and Ubuntu system. I recently encountered an hd0 out of disk error and wasn't able to boot Ubuntu. So I booted into Windows, after 2 to 3 times of booting and rebooting Windows, I tried booting Ubuntu but still I get the hd0 out of disk error. I decided to run Ubuntu from LIVEUSB to try to fix my Ubuntu partition using GParted, but when I run GParted, it shows my entire disk as UNALLOCATED SPACE! The strange thing is that Nautilus still shows and mounts my partitions. Also every time I boot into Windows , my partitions exists and I am able to read and write to them. I have no idea what is wrong. Please help! I can't stand using Windows since most of the tools I use are in Ubuntu. I don't mind reinstalling Ubuntu. In fact I already tried reinstalling using the LIVEUSB but I wasn't able to, since GParted or the Ubuntu installer itself does not recognized my partitions and shows the entire disk as unallocated space. I am currently running Ubuntu from LIVEUSB. Here's the outpuf of sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb30ab30a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 104869887 52433920 83 Linux /dev/sda2 104869888 105074687 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 105074688 156149759 25537536 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 156151800 625153409 234500805 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 156151808 169156591 6502392 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 169158656 294991871 62916608 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 294993920 471037944 88022012+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda8 471041928 625121152 77039612+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT When I run, sudo parted -l, I got this error message: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk!

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  • a little code to allow word substitution depending on user

    - by Fred Quimby
    Can anyone help? I'm creating a demo web app in html in order for people to physically see and comment on the app prior to committing to a proper build. So whilst the proper app will be database driven, my demo is just standard html with some javascript effects. What I do want to demonstrate is that different user group will see different words. For example, imagine I have an html sentence that says 'This will cost £100 to begin'. What I need to some way of identifying that if the user has deemed themselves to be from the US, the sentence says 'This will cost $100 to begin'. This requirement is peppered throughtout the pages but I'm happy to add each one manually. So I envisage some code along the lines of 'first, remove the [boot US] trunk' where the UK version is 'first remove the boot' but the code is saying that the visitor needs the US version. It then looks up boot (in an Access database perhaps) and sees that the table says for boot for US, display 'trunk'. I'm not a programmer but I can normally cobble together scripts so I'm hoping someone may have a relatively easy solution in javascrip, CSS or asp. To recap; I have a number of words or short sentences that need to appear differently and I'm happy to manually insert each one if necessary (but would be even better if the words were automatically changed). And I need a device which allows me to tell the pages to choose the US version, or for example, the New Zealand version. Thanks in advance. Fred

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  • MAAS/JuJu Clarifications

    - by ectoskeleton
    I really love the concept of MAAS underlying an OpenStack implementation, but there are a few questions about MAAS that I am not entirely clear on. Should all hosts be set to network boot at all times or after they have been registered and allocated as a service, should they boot to disk? After juju bootstrap is executed, I turn on the machine that has been allocated (note WoL isn't working, I suspect it's being blocked on the network), the machine boot's up and then juju status executes correct, agent running and all that good stuff. If I 'reboot' the machine (testing power failure/problem whatever), juju status comes back but the agent-state is no longer in running state, and so far I have to destroy the environment and restart. In all cases I have never been able to deploy any services to any of the other nodes. I deploy the service with juju, note which node it was assigned, and then start the system. The system just boots up into a basic node. If I SSH to it I have to enter password, so it's not setting up the ssh key or anything. This is on Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS systems and HP GL360G7 hosts. The MAAS management server is running as a VM but all on the same network. At this point I am not sure if I am doing something wrong or if there is a problem somewhere else. Is the idea that anytime a host is rebooted it should be rebuilt from the ground up, or is something else going on behind the scene to tell it to boot the local image. If the latter, why doesn't the agent start on a system that has been successfully setup before (juju bootstrapped system)?

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  • Input signal out of range; Change settings to 1600 x 900

    - by Clayton
    I recently installed Ubuntu 12.04 onto my HP Pavilion, in an attempt to make the desktop able to dual-boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu. I managed to get down to the last step, and finished the installation process. After it prompted me to remove what I used to install Ubuntu, I did so, removing my SanDisk 8GB flash drive, and allowed the system to reboot. Like usual, the desktop booted with the HP image, with the options at the bottom(Boot Menu, System Recovery, etc). However, when it should have started up with Ubuntu(like I'm certain it should have done), I received the following error: Input signal out of range Change settings to 1600 x 900 From the time I installed the operating system, back in late August, till now, I've been trying to figure out how I would go about fixing this issue. My mom is also starting to get frustrated with my not having resolved the issue, as its the only desktop that has a printer installed. Is there any possible way to resolve this? To summarize the problem: -Successful boot -Screen brings up error -Screen goes to standby -Nothing else possible until desktop is rebooted, which will initiate the above three steps A few notes: -I did not back up my computer before I installed Ubuntu. I didn't have anything to write to, and basically just forgot to. : -I don't have a Recovery Disk. -I don't have the Windows 7 disk that is supposed to come with the computer. -It has been narrowed down by a friend on Skype that the problem lies with the display, and that the vga= boot command does have something to do with fixing the problem Thank you in advance for resolving this problem. I greatly appreciate it. ^^

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  • Are there Know issues with Ubuntu 11 and socket 1155? acpi=off

    - by James
    Since building my new system I cant get Ubuntu (or any other flavor of Linux) to "run" properly. To boot the live cd I have to "F6" and turn off acpi or the screen halts at a black screen with "boot stuff" written above the blinking curser. When installed I can only boot if I enter repair mode from Grub menu then once in repair mode I choose Boot Normally and it boots to the desktop. Once on the desktop I can "click" (with the mouse) only on one thing...like firefox or "desktop appearance" and the mouse no longer "clicks" on anything else ...its like the computer freezes but the mouse still moves. I end up using the reset button to restart the computer. I was able to update when prompted to do so....but at the end of the update I could not "click" the "finish" and had to use the manual reset button. I have run Ubuntu since v 8... My system specs are: intel i7 2600k ...Graphics disabled in bios... Asus p8z68-v pro.... 16G Kingston HyperX.... 2 EVGA GTX 570 in SLI.... Mouse is a simple Logitech usb Wireless. Ubuntu installed on secondary sata drive.

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  • Ubuntu 13.10 installer making no changes to partition, even after complete

    - by dragonhart6505
    Trying to install Ubuntu 13.10 (x64 package) on a HP Probook 4430S from USB made with UnetBootin. Intel Celeron B810 Dual-core x64 1.6ghz 4gb Ram Intel Graphics HD 2000 320GB HDD - 3 partitions (1 with backup files - 40gb, 2 Win7 that were dual-boot but no longer boot after attempting to install - 55gb and 222gb) I am fine with losing the data on the 222gb partition, but when trying to install it only shows the 55gb and the 222gb, but the 222gb is not 222gb...its including the 40gb backup. Whatever, went through with the installation anyway. Files can be replaced (just backed-up games anyway.) Installation appears to run without a hitch on the now 222gb/262gb partition, formatted to ext4 with the installer itself. Asks to reboot to begin using. Upon rebooting, I get the GNU boot selection screen. Press Enter on "Ubuntu". Get a "Gave up booting from root..." or something error. Reboot and load "Try without installing" option from USB. Once booted, nothing has changed! All 3 partitions are still present, all files intact. But now I can't boot my Win7 55gb partition. EVERYTHING in the "Try..." loader works perfectly. Bluetooth, Wifi, Display adapter, SD Card reader, HDMI-Out, DVD drive, USB ports...even reads correct battery data. Help?

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  • Ubuntu installer does not show drives

    - by Tanweer Rashid
    I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on my Inspiron laptio, but the installer does not show any drives. My system has a 1TB SATA drive and a 32GB SSD. As far as I can figure, the boot files are kept on the SSD for fast startup (for Windows). During Win7 installation, I had to manually load drivers for RAID controller to see all available drives. Running fdisk -l from the live CD shows the following: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b4782 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 81920 41627647 20772864 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 41627648 357019647 157696000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 357019648 1953517567 798248960 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 672415744 1312966655 320275456 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 1312968704 1953517567 320274432 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b474b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 16775167 8386560 84 OS/2 hidden C: drive ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ In the Ubuntu installer, I can only choose /dev/sdb for "Device for boot loader installation", and sdb doesn't show any drives. I cannot select /dev/sda. Any ideas anyone? Thanks.

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  • Ubuntu 12.10 with kernel 3.5.0-18

    - by Chaitanya
    I had ubuntu 12.04 with kernel 3.0.2. Today I have updated my system and got 12.10 with kernel 3.5.0-18. Now when I boot my machine with 3.5 kernel, it starts until the page where I enter my password. Within seconds, I get a page with looooong list of some commands or list. I cant take screenshot of that. It looks something like, [1.2234978942837]kjsahfa;lsfksld;fkjsf;owieurwirejw/rnw;erkjwelrjw2309480432 [1.3294823498230948]as;lfjsf;iuwrijrwjlkerjw;rekwer;lkwjre;lkjRIJWEORIWE'JJA; something like this. Luckily, in my boot page, I have 3.0.2 kernel also. When I boot with 3.0.2 kernel there is no problem. But when I boot with 3.5.0, it throws that wierd error. I wont be able to do anything at that time. None of the keys work. I have to forcibly shutdown the machine and restart with 3.0.2 kernel. Please help..... Thanks, Chaitanya.

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  • Installing Xubuntu alongside with UEFI

    - by Geo
    For the past week and a half I have been trying to figure out how to install Xubuntu 13.10 alongside the Windows 7 install I have on my laptop (ASUS X501A with UEFI) and I'm pretty much at my wit's end. Could someone point me to set of thorough instructions on installing Xubuntu (or any of the Ubuntu derivatives) on a HDD under UEFI alongside Windows 7 64-bit Home Premium? Preferably one that also covers GRUB/bootloader problems that come afterwards. A few additional details: Motherboard does have UEFI. I've disabled Secure Boot and Fast Boot. Launch CSM is enabled and the platform keys are not installed (these settings allow me to at least boot Windows 7). I set the HDD's partition table to GPT through GParted before I installed Windows. I'm installing from a bootable USB that has been created through a tool called Rufus with the GPT partition scheme for UEFI computers option, otherwise I've left it at default. I am able to boot into Xubuntu in UEFI mode, but I'd much rather be able to see the option: Install Xubuntu Alongside Windows 7 (or however it's phrased), Xubuntu seems to be unable to recognize that Windows 7 is installed. I do have access to a bootable USB stick containing GParted though Xubuntu seems to come preinstalled with it. If there's anything else that might be of help, please let me know.

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  • How do install Ubuntu from a USB stick?

    - by Sophia
    When I go to the boot menu on my computer and select USB stick, the screen goes black and there comes a flickering underline. Like I could write something. But I can't. Whatever I push, nothing happens. Except the PrintScrn/SysRq button. When I push it, mu computer beeps. I get no choose menu. Nothing. I found out the usb stick is in msdos format. So what format should I use and how can I format it? I am not a computer geek who knows everything. I'm just a beginner. And only 16 years old. I've got a new problem. The screen isn't black anymore. Now there comes an error message: SYSLINUX 4.04 CHS 20110518 Copyright (C) 1994-2011 H.Peter Anvin et al ERROR:No configurationfile found No DEFAULT or UI configuration directive found! boot: And when I write something: boot:example Could not find kernel image:example boot: Why does this fail all the time? ps. I'm using Ubuntu Oneiric 11.10.

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  • How to install Ubuntu 12.04.1 in EFI mode with Encrypted LVM?

    - by g0lem
    I'm trying to properly install Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS 64-bit PC (AMD64) with the alternate install CD ".iso" on a lenovo Thinkpad X220. Default Hard Disk (with a pre-installed version of Windows 7) has been replaced with a brand new SSD. The UEFI BIOS of the lenovo Thinkpad X220 is set to "UEFI Boot only" & "USB UEFI BIOS Support" is enabled (I'm using an external USB DVD reader to perform Ubuntu installation). The BIOS is a Phoenix SecureCore Tiano, BIOS version is 8DET56WW (1.26). The attempts below are made with the UEFI BIOS settings described above. Here's what I've tried so far: Boot on a live GParted CD Create a GPT partition table Create a FAT32 partition for UEFI System, set the partition to "EF00" type ("boot" flag) Leave remaining space unformated Boot on Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS 64-bit PC (AMD64) with alternate CD: Perform the install with network updates enabled Use manual partitioning FAT32 partition created with GParted is used as "EFI System partition" Remaining space is set to be used as "Physical volume for LVM" Then "Configure encrypted volumes" using the previous "Physical volume for LVM" as the encrypted container, passphrase is setup. "Configure the Logical Volume Manager" creating a volume Group using the encrypted container /dev/mapper/sda2_crypt Creation of the Logical Volumes "Create logical volume", choosing the previously created volume Group Assign a mount point and file system to the Logical volumes : LV-root for / LV-var for /var LV-usr for /usr LV-usr-local for /usr/local LV-swap for swap LV-home for /home NOTE: /tmp would be in RAM only using TMPFS Bootloader step: neither my ESP partition (/dev/sda1, /dev/sda or MBR) seems to be the right place for GRUB, I get the following message (X suffix is for demonstration only): unable to install grub in /dev/sdaX Executing 'grub-install /dev/sdaX' failed This is a fatal error. Finish installation without the Bootloader & Reboot The system doesn't start, there's no EFI/GRUB menu at startup. What are the steps to perform a clean and working installation of Ubuntu 12.04.1 Precise Pangolin, 64bit version in U(EFI) mode using the encrypted LUKS + LVM scheme described above?

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  • I receive the error 'grub-install /dev/sda failed' while attempting to install Ubuntu as the computer's only OS.

    - by Liath
    I am attempting to install Ubuntu on a box which was previously running Windows 7. I have also experienced the dreaded "Unable to install GRUB" error. I am not attempting to dual boot. I have previously run a Windows boot disk and removed all existing partitions. If I run the Ubuntu 12.04 install CD and click install after the config screens, I get the error Executing 'grub-install /dev/sda' failed. This is a fatal error. (It is the same error as this question: Unable to install GRUB) All the questions I've read while looking for a solution are related to dual boot. I'm not interested in dual boot, I'm after a clean out the box Ubuntu install. How can I achieve this? (For my sanity, please use very simple instructions when responding. I don't claim to have any talent either for linux or as a sysadmin) Additional details copied from comments dated: 2012-05-29 ~15:19Z After booting from the CD, clicking Try Ubuntu, and then sudo fdisk /dev/sda I get fdisk: unable to seek on /dev/sda: Invalid argument sudo fdisk /dev/sdb gives Device contains neither a valid DOS partiion table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel. Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x15228d1d. Changes will remain in memory only until you decide to write them. After that of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite). Command (m for help): I should add the Live CD desktop is graphically bad. I've got missing parts of programs and the terminal occasionally reflects to the bottom of the screen. But I can't imagine this is related.

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  • How to start Ubuntu with no working video card?

    - by ViliusK
    I have a laptop with broken video card. It has two operating systems installed - Windows 7 and Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop Edition. It has GRUB to manage which operating system to boot up. Windows is default OS. And Windows fails to boot up without video card. I'm checking with ping to the ports which are shown as used by DHCP in my router. Normal boot of Ubuntu also fails and it restarts after a while. But when I choose (blindly, but checking HDD indicator and by counting button presses when GRUB menu appears) to boot second option of Ubuntu (rescue mode) it starts and I can ping it. But when I try to connect to it through SSH, I'm getting "connection refused" error from putty. I've took out HDD from my laptop already and inserted it to WD Passport case so now I can connect it to other computer to edit configuration files. How can I check if SSH server is working? How to enable it in rescue mode? Or better, how to disable video card to be required while booting Ubuntu in normal mode?

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  • Is there supposed to be a Windows Network folder in the file manager?

    - by Cindy
    I pulled my hard drive out of my computer and started with a bootable usb version of Ubuntu, which I am using that at this point. At first boot, I see that there is a Windows folder when browsing network. Since there is no operating system present, besides the usb that I boot from, should there be a Windows network folder? Original question First of all I just want to say, I wish I had tried Ubuntu a couple years ago when I first heard about it, but I was like a lot of the population and went with the "easy way" and stuck with Windows because I didn't want to take the time to learn something new. Well, about 3 months ago I realized someone had hacked into my computer, and then found they had hacked my facebook account so I decided I had better do a complete credit check. I found student loans (totalling about 30,000 so far) had recently showed up on my credit report. I think it's going to be a long, long road to recovery now but I'm hoping Ubuntu will be a start and definitely an eye opener. My relationship with Windows is over. I had 3 antivirus programs running, none were protecting me like I thought they were. Turned out a free program that I downloaded was the only one that could detect and clean the virus, but by then it was too late. Anyhow, my question is, I pulled my hard drive out of my computer and started with a bootable usb version of Ubuntu, which I am using that at this point. At first boot, I see that there is a Windows folder when browsing network. Since there is no operating system present, besides the usb that I boot from, should there be a Windows network folder? I am using a local ISP (and won't be much longer because I am very paranoid at this point) and I want to make sure all is ok before I put my new hard drive in and install Ubuntu. Any help would be appreciated. Also, I want to thank Ubuntu and the community for giving people an alternative.

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  • After tarball restore my PC (tar xvfpz backup.tgz -C /), my sound card and network are not working. How to detect?

    - by axton hunger
    1 . I have a old laptop I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on. (It was ACER) 2 . I booted into single user mode and backed it up via cd / sudo -i tar cvpzf backup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/dev --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/backup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys / 3 . I installed a fresh copy of Ubuntu 1204 on my new laptop (It is Dell) 4 . I boot into single user mode 5 . I backup the existing /boot directory 6 . I untar my backup to restore on to the Dell sudo tar xvfpz backup.tgz -C / 7 . I restore the previous /boot directory again 8 . I boot it up, and my profile and settings are loaded ok but, Ubuntu shows that there is no Sound Card.. I cannot use unity to drag and change volume. I noticed that the network card also doesnt work. ** How do you make ubuntu recognize changed hardware, if the hardware is already configured for a different laptop? Does anyone know?**

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  • MySQL Cluster 7.2: Over 8x Higher Performance than Cluster 7.1

    - by Mat Keep
    0 0 1 893 5092 Homework 42 11 5974 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} Summary The scalability enhancements delivered by extensions to multi-threaded data nodes enables MySQL Cluster 7.2 to deliver over 8x higher performance than the previous MySQL Cluster 7.1 release on a recent benchmark What’s New in MySQL Cluster 7.2 MySQL Cluster 7.2 was released as GA (Generally Available) in February 2012, delivering many enhancements to performance on complex queries, new NoSQL Key / Value API, cross-data center replication and ease-of-use. These enhancements are summarized in the Figure below, and detailed in the MySQL Cluster New Features whitepaper Figure 1: Next Generation Web Services, Cross Data Center Replication and Ease-of-Use Once of the key enhancements delivered in MySQL Cluster 7.2 is extensions made to the multi-threading processes of the data nodes. Multi-Threaded Data Node Extensions The MySQL Cluster 7.2 data node is now functionally divided into seven thread types: 1) Local Data Manager threads (ldm). Note – these are sometimes also called LQH threads. 2) Transaction Coordinator threads (tc) 3) Asynchronous Replication threads (rep) 4) Schema Management threads (main) 5) Network receiver threads (recv) 6) Network send threads (send) 7) IO threads Each of these thread types are discussed in more detail below. MySQL Cluster 7.2 increases the maximum number of LDM threads from 4 to 16. The LDM contains the actual data, which means that when using 16 threads the data is more heavily partitioned (this is automatic in MySQL Cluster). Each LDM thread maintains its own set of data partitions, index partitions and REDO log. The number of LDM partitions per data node is not dynamically configurable, but it is possible, however, to map more than one partition onto each LDM thread, providing flexibility in modifying the number of LDM threads. The TC domain stores the state of in-flight transactions. This means that every new transaction can easily be assigned to a new TC thread. Testing has shown that in most cases 1 TC thread per 2 LDM threads is sufficient, and in many cases even 1 TC thread per 4 LDM threads is also acceptable. Testing also demonstrated that in some instances where the workload needed to sustain very high update loads it is necessary to configure 3 to 4 TC threads per 4 LDM threads. In the previous MySQL Cluster 7.1 release, only one TC thread was available. This limit has been increased to 16 TC threads in MySQL Cluster 7.2. The TC domain also manages the Adaptive Query Localization functionality introduced in MySQL Cluster 7.2 that significantly enhanced complex query performance by pushing JOIN operations down to the data nodes. Asynchronous Replication was separated into its own thread with the release of MySQL Cluster 7.1, and has not been modified in the latest 7.2 release. To scale the number of TC threads, it was necessary to separate the Schema Management domain from the TC domain. The schema management thread has little load, so is implemented with a single thread. The Network receiver domain was bound to 1 thread in MySQL Cluster 7.1. With the increase of threads in MySQL Cluster 7.2 it is also necessary to increase the number of recv threads to 8. This enables each receive thread to service one or more sockets used to communicate with other nodes the Cluster. The Network send thread is a new thread type introduced in MySQL Cluster 7.2. Previously other threads handled the sending operations themselves, which can provide for lower latency. To achieve highest throughput however, it has been necessary to create dedicated send threads, of which 8 can be configured. It is still possible to configure MySQL Cluster 7.2 to a legacy mode that does not use any of the send threads – useful for those workloads that are most sensitive to latency. The IO Thread is the final thread type and there have been no changes to this domain in MySQL Cluster 7.2. Multiple IO threads were already available, which could be configured to either one thread per open file, or to a fixed number of IO threads that handle the IO traffic. Except when using compression on disk, the IO threads typically have a very light load. Benchmarking the Scalability Enhancements The scalability enhancements discussed above have made it possible to scale CPU usage of each data node to more than 5x of that possible in MySQL Cluster 7.1. In addition, a number of bottlenecks have been removed, making it possible to scale data node performance by even more than 5x. Figure 2: MySQL Cluster 7.2 Delivers 8.4x Higher Performance than 7.1 The flexAsynch benchmark was used to compare MySQL Cluster 7.2 performance to 7.1 across an 8-node Intel Xeon x5670-based cluster of dual socket commodity servers (6 cores each). As the results demonstrate, MySQL Cluster 7.2 delivers over 8x higher performance per data nodes than MySQL Cluster 7.1. More details of this and other benchmarks will be published in a new whitepaper – coming soon, so stay tuned! In a following blog post, I’ll provide recommendations on optimum thread configurations for different types of server processor. You can also learn more from the Best Practices Guide to Optimizing Performance of MySQL Cluster Conclusion MySQL Cluster has achieved a range of impressive benchmark results, and set in context with the previous 7.1 release, is able to deliver over 8x higher performance per node. As a result, the multi-threaded data node extensions not only serve to increase performance of MySQL Cluster, they also enable users to achieve significantly improved levels of utilization from current and future generations of massively multi-core, multi-thread processor designs.

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  • Improving Manageability of Virtual Environments

    - by Jeff Victor
    Boot Environments for Solaris 10 Branded Zones Until recently, Solaris 10 Branded Zones on Solaris 11 suffered one notable regression: Live Upgrade did not work. The individual packaging and patching tools work correctly, but the ability to upgrade Solaris while the production workload continued running did not exist. A recent Solaris 11 SRU (Solaris 11.1 SRU 6.4) restored most of that functionality, although with a slightly different concept, different commands, and without all of the feature details. This new method gives you the ability to create and manage multiple boot environments (BEs) for a Solaris 10 Branded Zone, and modify the active or any inactive BE, and to do so while the production workload continues to run. Background In case you are new to Solaris: Solaris includes a set of features that enables you to create a bootable Solaris image, called a Boot Environment (BE). This newly created image can be modified while the original BE is still running your workload(s). There are many benefits, including improved uptime and the ability to reboot into (or downgrade to) an older BE if a newer one has a problem. In Solaris 10 this set of features was named Live Upgrade. Solaris 11 applies the same basic concepts to the new packaging system (IPS) but there isn't a specific name for the feature set. The features are simply part of IPS. Solaris 11 Boot Environments are not discussed in this blog entry. Although a Solaris 10 system can have multiple BEs, until recently a Solaris 10 Branded Zone (BZ) in a Solaris 11 system did not have this ability. This limitation was addressed recently, and that enhancement is the subject of this blog entry. This new implementation uses two concepts. The first is the use of a ZFS clone for each BE. This makes it very easy to create a BE, or many BEs. This is a distinct advantage over the Live Upgrade feature set in Solaris 10, which had a practical limitation of two BEs on a system, when using UFS. The second new concept is a very simple mechanism to indicate the BE that should be booted: a ZFS property. The new ZFS property is named com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe (isn't that creative? ). It's important to note that the property is inherited from the original BE's file system to any BEs you create. In other words, all BEs in one zone have the same value for that property. When the (Solaris 11) global zone boots the Solaris 10 BZ, it boots the BE that has the name that is stored in the activebe property. Here is a quick summary of the actions you can use to manage these BEs: To create a BE: Create a ZFS clone of the zone's root dataset To activate a BE: Set the ZFS property of the root dataset to indicate the BE To add a package or patch to an inactive BE: Mount the inactive BE Add packages or patches to it Unmount the inactive BE To list the available BEs: Use the "zfs list" command. To destroy a BE: Use the "zfs destroy" command. Preparation Before you can use the new features, you will need a Solaris 10 BZ on a Solaris 11 system. You can use these three steps - on a real Solaris 11.1 server or in a VirtualBox guest running Solaris 11.1 - to create a Solaris 10 BZ. The Solaris 11.1 environment must be at SRU 6.4 or newer. Create a flash archive on the Solaris 10 system s10# flarcreate -n s10-system /net/zones/archives/s10-system.flar Configure the Solaris 10 BZ on the Solaris 11 system s11# zonecfg -z s10z Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone. zonecfg:s10z create -t SYSsolaris10 zonecfg:s10z set zonepath=/zones/s10z zonecfg:s10z exit s11# zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP 0 global running / solaris shared - s10z configured /zones/s10z solaris10 excl Install the zone from the flash archive s11# zoneadm -z s10z install -a /net/zones/archives/s10-system.flar -p You can find more information about the migration of Solaris 10 environments to Solaris 10 Branded Zones in the documentation. The rest of this blog entry demonstrates the commands you can use to accomplish the aforementioned actions related to BEs. New features in action Note that the demonstration of the commands occurs in the Solaris 10 BZ, as indicated by the shell prompt "s10z# ". Many of these commands can be performed in the global zone instead, if you prefer. If you perform them in the global zone, you must change the ZFS file system names. Create The only complicated action is the creation of a BE. In the Solaris 10 BZ, create a new "boot environment" - a ZFS clone. You can assign any name to the final portion of the clone's name, as long as it meets the requirements for a ZFS file system name. s10z# zfs snapshot rpool/ROOT/zbe-0@snap s10z# zfs clone -o mountpoint=/ -o canmount=noauto rpool/ROOT/zbe-0@snap rpool/ROOT/newBE cannot mount 'rpool/ROOT/newBE' on '/': directory is not empty filesystem successfully created, but not mounted You can safely ignore that message: we already know that / is not empty! We have merely told ZFS that the default mountpoint for the clone is the root directory. List the available BEs and active BE Because each BE is represented by a clone of the rpool/ROOT dataset, listing the BEs is as simple as listing the clones. s10z# zfs list -r rpool/ROOT NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT rpool/ROOT 3.55G 42.9G 31K legacy rpool/ROOT/zbe-0 1K 42.9G 3.55G / rpool/ROOT/newBE 3.55G 42.9G 3.55G / The output shows that two BEs exist. Their names are "zbe-0" and "newBE". You can tell Solaris that one particular BE should be used when the zone next boots by using a ZFS property. Its name is com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe. The value of that property is the name of the clone that contains the BE that should be booted. s10z# zfs get com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe rpool/ROOT NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE rpool/ROOT com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe zbe-0 local Change the active BE When you want to change the BE that will be booted next time, you can just change the activebe property on the rpool/ROOT dataset. s10z# zfs get com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe rpool/ROOT NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE rpool/ROOT com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe zbe-0 local s10z# zfs set com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe=newBE rpool/ROOT s10z# zfs get com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe rpool/ROOT NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE rpool/ROOT com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe newBE local s10z# shutdown -y -g0 -i6 After the zone has rebooted: s10z# zfs get com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe rpool/ROOT rpool/ROOT com.oracle.zones.solaris10:activebe newBE local s10z# zfs mount rpool/ROOT/newBE / rpool/export /export rpool/export/home /export/home rpool /rpool Mount the original BE to see that it's still there. s10z# zfs mount -o mountpoint=/mnt rpool/ROOT/zbe-0 s10z# ls /mnt Desktop export platform Documents export.backup.20130607T214951Z proc S10Flar home rpool TT_DB kernel sbin bin lib system boot lost+found tmp cdrom mnt usr dev net var etc opt Patch an inactive BE At this point, you can modify the original BE. If you would prefer to modify the new BE, you can restore the original value to the activebe property and reboot, and then mount the new BE to /mnt (or another empty directory) and modify it. Let's mount the original BE so we can modify it. (The first command is only needed if you haven't already mounted that BE.) s10z# zfs mount -o mountpoint=/mnt rpool/ROOT/zbe-0 s10z# patchadd -R /mnt -M /var/sadm/spool 104945-02 Note that the typical usage will be: Create a BE Mount the new (inactive) BE Use the package and patch tools to update the new BE Unmount the new BE Reboot Delete an inactive BE ZFS clones are children of their parent file systems. In order to destroy the parent, you must first "promote" the child. This reverses the parent-child relationship. (For more information on this, see the documentation.) The original rpool/ROOT file system is the parent of the clones that you create as BEs. In order to destroy an earlier BE that is that parent of other BEs, you must first promote one of the child BEs to be the ZFS parent. Only then can you destroy the original BE. Fortunately, this is easier to do than to explain: s10z# zfs promote rpool/ROOT/newBE s10z# zfs destroy rpool/ROOT/zbe-0 s10z# zfs list -r rpool/ROOT NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT rpool/ROOT 3.56G 269G 31K legacy rpool/ROOT/newBE 3.56G 269G 3.55G / Documentation This feature is so new, it is not yet described in the Solaris 11 documentation. However, MOS note 1558773.1 offers some details. Conclusion With this new feature, you can add and patch packages to boot environments of a Solaris 10 Branded Zone. This ability improves the manageability of these zones, and makes their use more practical. It also means that you can use the existing P2V tools with earlier Solaris 10 updates, and modify the environments after they become Solaris 10 Branded Zones.

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  • BI Applications overview

    - by sv744
    Welcome to Oracle BI applications blog! This blog will talk about various features, general roadmap, description of functionality and implementation steps related to Oracle BI applications. In the first post we start with an overview of the BI apps and will delve deeper into some of the topics below in the upcoming weeks and months. If there are other topics you would like us to talk about, pl feel free to provide feedback on that. The Oracle BI applications are a set of pre-built applications that enable pervasive BI by providing role-based insight for each functional area, including sales, service, marketing, contact center, finance, supplier/supply chain, HR/workforce, and executive management. For example, Sales Analytics includes role-based applications for sales executives, sales management, as well as front-line sales reps, each of whom have different needs. The applications integrate and transform data from a range of enterprise sources—including Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, SAP, and others—into actionable intelligence for each business function and user role. This blog  starts with the key benefits and characteristics of Oracle BI applications. In a series of subsequent blogs, each of these points will be explained in detail. Why BI apps? Demonstrate the value of BI to a business user, show reports / dashboards / model that can answer their business questions as part of the sales cycle. Demonstrate technical feasibility of BI project and significantly lower risk and improve success Build Vs Buy benefit Don’t have to start with a blank sheet of paper. Help consolidate disparate systems Data integration in M&A situations Insulate BI consumers from changes in the OLTP Present OLTP data and highlight issues of poor data / missing data – and improve data quality and accuracy Prebuilt Integrations BI apps support prebuilt integrations against leading ERP sources: Fusion Applications, E- Business Suite, Peoplesoft, JD Edwards, Siebel, SAP Co-developed with inputs from functional experts in BI and Applications teams. Out of the box dimensional model to source model mappings Multi source and Multi Instance support Rich Data Model    BI apps have a very rich dimensionsal data model built over 10 years that incorporates best practises from BI modeling perspective as well as reflect the source system complexities  Thanks for reading a long post, and be on the lookout for future posts.  We will look forward to your valuable feedback on these topics as well as suggestions on what other topics would you like us to cover. I Conformed dimensional model across all business subject areas allows cross functional reporting, e.g. customer / supplier 360 Over 360 fact tables across 7 product areas CRM – 145, SCM – 47, Financials – 28, Procurement – 20, HCM – 27, Projects – 18, Campus Solutions – 21, PLM - 56 Supported by 300 physical dimensions Support for extensive calendars; Gregorian, enterprise and ledger based Conformed data model and metrics for real time vs warehouse based reporting  Multi-tenant enabled Extensive BI related transformations BI apps ETL and data integration support various transformations required for dimensional models and reporting requirements. All these have been distilled into common patterns and abstracted logic which can be readily reused across different modules Slowly Changing Dimension support Hierarchy flattening support Row / Column Hybrid Hierarchy Flattening As Is vs. As Was hierarchy support Currency Conversion :-  Support for 3 corporate, CRM, ledger and transaction currencies UOM conversion Internationalization / Localization Dynamic Data translations Code standardization (Domains) Historical Snapshots Cycle and process lifecycle computations Balance Facts Equalization of GL accounting chartfields/segments Standardized values for categorizing GL accounts Reconciliation between GL and subledgers to track accounted/transferred/posted transactions to GL Materialization of data only available through costly and complex APIs e.g. Fusion Payroll, EBS / Fusion Accruals Complex event Interpretation of source data – E.g. o    What constitutes a transfer o    Deriving supervisors via position hierarchy o    Deriving primary assignment in PSFT o    Categorizing and transposition to measures of Payroll Balances to specific metrics to support side by side comparison of measures of for example Fixed Salary, Variable Salary, Tax, Bonus, Overtime Payments. o    Counting of Events – E.g. converting events to fact counters so that for example the number of hires can easily be added up and compared alongside the total transfers and terminations. Multi pass processing of multiple sources e.g. headcount, salary, promotion, performance to allow side to side comparison. Adding value to data to aid analysis through banding, additional domain classifications and groupings to allow higher level analytical reporting and data discovery Calculation of complex measures examples: o    COGs, DSO, DPO, Inventory turns  etc o    Transfers within a Hierarchy or out of / into a hierarchy relative to view point in hierarchy. Configurability and Extensibility support  BI apps offer support for extensibility for various entities as automated extensibility or part of extension methodology Key Flex fields and Descriptive Flex support  Extensible attribute support (JDE)  Conformed Domains ETL Architecture BI apps offer a modular adapter architecture which allows support of multiple product lines into a single conformed model Multi Source Multi Technology Orchestration – creates load plan taking into account task dependencies and customers deployment to generate a plan based on a customers of multiple complex etl tasks Plan optimization allowing parallel ETL tasks Oracle: Bit map indexes and partition management High availability support    Follow the sun support. TCO BI apps support several utilities / capabilities that help with overall total cost of ownership and ensure a rapid implementation Improved cost of ownership – lower cost to deploy On-going support for new versions of the source application Task based setups flows Data Lineage Functional setup performed in Web UI by Functional person Configuration Test to Production support Security BI apps support both data and object security enabling implementations to quickly configure the application as per the reporting security needs Fine grain object security at report / dashboard and presentation catalog level Data Security integration with source systems  Extensible to support external data security rules Extensive Set of KPIs Over 7000 base and derived metrics across all modules Time series calculations (YoY, % growth etc) Common Currency and UOM reporting Cross subject area KPIs (analyzing HR vs GL data, drill from GL to AP/AR, etc) Prebuilt reports and dashboards 3000+ prebuilt reports supporting a large number of industries Hundreds of role based dashboards Dynamic currency conversion at dashboard level Highly tuned Performance The BI apps have been tuned over the years for both a very performant ETL and dashboard performance. The applications use best practises and advanced database features to enable the best possible performance. Optimized data model for BI and analytic queries Prebuilt aggregates& the ability for customers to create their own aggregates easily on warehouse facts allows for scalable end user performance Incremental extracts and loads Incremental Aggregate build Automatic table index and statistics management Parallel ETL loads Source system deletes handling Low latency extract with Golden Gate Micro ETL support Bitmap Indexes Partitioning support Modularized deployment, start small and add other subject areas seamlessly Source Specfic Staging and Real Time Schema Support for source specific operational reporting schema for EBS, PSFT, Siebel and JDE Application Integrations The BI apps also allow for integration with source systems as well as other applications that provide value add through BI and enable BI consumption during operational decision making Embedded dashboards for Fusion, EBS and Siebel applications Action Link support Marketing Segmentation Sales Predictor Dashboard Territory Management External Integrations The BI apps data integration choices include support for loading extenral data External data enrichment choices : UNSPSC, Item class etc. Extensible Spend Classification Broad Deployment Choices Exalytics support Databases :  Oracle, Exadata, Teradata, DB2, MSSQL ETL tool of choice : ODI (coming), Informatica Extensible and Customizable Extensible architecture and Methodology to add custom and external content Upgradable across releases

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  • B2B Commerce Best Practice Round Table

    - by Jeri Kelley
    Are you struggling with delivering customers a consistent B2B multi-channel commerce experience? If yes, then you will want to join us for a panel discussion featuring Oracle customers and B2B commerce experts on Thursday, September 27th to learn how leading B2B companies are succeeding in the new age of commerce. Topics of discussion will include: Moving B2B data and content online Multiple site management Mobile platforms Merchandising and personalization Don’t miss this opportunity to learn more about the latest trends, challenges and successes in B2B multi-channel commerce. Learn more and register!

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  • B2B Commerce Best Practice Round Table

    - by Jeri Kelley
    Are you struggling with delivering customers a consistent B2B multi-channel commerce experience? If yes, then you will want to join us for a panel discussion featuring Oracle customers and B2B commerce experts on Thursday, September 27th to learn how leading B2B companies are succeeding in the new age of commerce. Topics of discussion will include: Moving B2B data and content online Multiple site management Mobile platforms Merchandising and personalization Don’t miss this opportunity to learn more about the latest trends, challenges and successes in B2B multi-channel commerce. Learn more and register!

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  • Significance of SEO Submissions

    Search Engine Optimization is an important strategy for making the web occurrence and existence of your company cost effective and fruitful for you. To elevate the interest of your target audience in your website, to pull them towards your online identity and making them browse through your products and services is a very important step in making your business successful in all fields. This multi-faceted multi-beneficial task can bear the sweet fruit of success when it is applied in the best way.

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  • Codeway 5 : Embarcadero présente les nouveautés de RAD Studio XE2, sa suite de développement rapide, évènement gratuit en ligne

    Codeway 5 : Embarcadero présente les nouveautés de RAD Studio XE2 Sa suite de développement rapide et multiplateforme, lors d'un évènement gratuit en ligne Durant la semaine du 21 au 25 novembre, Embarcadero organise Codeway 5, un évènement en ligne et en français pour présenter les nouveautés de RAD Studio XE2, la nouvelle évolution de sa suite de développement rapide, multi-langages et multi plateformes. Après avoir fait escale dans les principales villes françaises avec le CodeWay Tour 2011, Embarcadero veut manifestement se faire entendre par un plus grand nombre d'intéressés sans qu'ils aient à se déplacer. « Une connexion internet suffit » pour prendre pleinement par...

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  • Why C++ people loves multithreading when it comes to performances?

    - by user1849534
    I have a question, it's about why programmers seems to love concurrency and multi-threaded programs in general. I'm considering 2 main approach here: an async approach basically based on signals, or just an async approach as called by many papers and languages like the new C# 5.0 for example, and a "companion thread" that maanges the policy of your pipeline a concurrent approach or multi-threading approach I will just say that I'm thinking about the hardware here and the worst case scenario, and I have tested this 2 paradigms myself, the async paradigm is a winner at the point that I don't get why people 90% of the time talk about concurrency when they wont to speed up things or make a good use of their resources. I have tested multi-threaded programs and async program on an old machine with an Intel quad-core that doesn't offer a memory controller inside the CPU, the memory is managed entirely by the motherboard, well in this case performances are horrible with a multi-threaded application, even a relatively low number of threads like 3-4-5 can be a problem, the application is unresponsive and is just slow and unpleasant. A good async approach is, on the other hand, probably not faster but it's not worst either, my application just waits for the result and doesn't hangs, it's responsive and there is a much better scaling going on. I have also discovered that a context change in the threading world it's not that cheap in real world scenario, it's infact quite expensive especially when you have more than 2 threads that need to cycle and swap among each other to be computed. On modern CPUs the situation it's not really that different, the memory controller it's integrated but my point is that an x86 CPUs is basically a serial machine and the memory controller works the same way as with the old machine with an external memory controller on the motherboard. The context switch is still a relevant cost in my application and the fact that the memory controller it's integrated or that the newer CPU have more than 2 core it's not bargain for me. For what i have experienced the concurrent approach is good in theory but not that good in practice, with the memory model imposed by the hardware, it's hard to make a good use of this paradigm, also it introduces a lot of issues ranging from the use of my data structures to the join of multiple threads. Also both paradigms do not offer any security abut when the task or the job will be done in a certain point in time, making them really similar from a functional point of view. According to the X86 memory model, why the majority of people suggest to use concurrency with C++ and not just an async aproach ? Also why not considering the worst case scenario of a computer where the context switch is probably more expensive than the computation itself ?

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