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  • Are there any "traps" in cloning a VirtualBox VM for concurrent use on the same Host/LAN?

    - by fred.bear
    With Ubuntu as the Host, I want to run two similar/identical(?) instances of a VirtualBox Guest on the same Host, or perhaps on another Host which is on the same LAN... I have set up a Guest as a "base" for the two clones. I have exported it as an ovf appliance. I've imported this "base" guest OS back into VirtualBox, with a unique name and .vdk ... and I have started them both on the same Host, and all seems okay, but I do wonder if I have missed some significant point. ...eg. Is the virtual NIC the same? this would throw the LAN into confusion (I think)... and what about UUIDs? I haven't actually tried 2 clones together, yet... only the original and one clone, but I haven't gone beyond a simple startup ...

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  • MySQL Connect: Interview with Tomas Ulin

    - by Bertrand Matthelié
    The MySQL Connect conference is taking place September 29-30 in San Francisco. We asked a few questions about the event to Oracle’s VP of MySQL Engineering Tomas Ulin. Hi Tomas, to start with, what is MySQL Connect? A: MySQL Connect is a conference delivered by Oracle, with and for the MySQL Community. We’ll have over 60 technical breakout sessions, Birds-of-a-feather sessions and Hands-On labs running throughout the two days, plus the keynotes. So it’s a fantastic opportunity to learn a huge amount in only two days, and to network with Oracle engineers, users, customers and partners. When will the program be available online? A: The call for papers ended May 6 and we got an amazing response. The content committee has been working hard to build a great program, and the content catalog will be available by mid-June. Will Oracle MySQL engineers developing and supporting the products be there? A: Absolutely. And they’ll be available during the whole conference to answer questions. What do you plan to cover in your keynote? A: That’s a secret...:). Oracle is driving a lot of MySQL innovations and I will spend time on the latest developments, as well as help folks understand where we are going. What should attendees definitely not miss? A: We’ll have so many great sessions that the list could be long…but I also think the Saturday eve reception should not be missed. It’s always a lot of fun to meet so many MySQL users and have passionate discussions in a relaxed setting. What do you personally look forward to? A: Getting to meet the MySQL users and customers is probably most rewarding, as well as getting the chance to showcase the latest and greatest in our MySQL products. The development is so rapid that there are always new and exciting things to talk about. Oh, and I’ve also been told that there will be a game zone including Guitar Hero...:) In summary, why should people attend MySQL Connect? A: During two days, you’ll hang out with MySQL experts. You’ll learn a lot, you’ll meet the Oracle engineers developing and supporting the MySQL products, you’ll hear from customers using MySQL in a wide variety of applications and share your experiences with them, and you’ll have a lot of fun! Thank you Tomas! MySQL Connect registration is open – Register Now and you’ll save US$500 with the early bird discount! Interested in Sponsorship and Exhibit opportunities? You will find more information here.

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  • How to Share Files Online with Ubuntu One

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Ubuntu One, Ubuntu’s built-in cloud file storage service, allows you to make files publically available online or share them privately with others. You can share files over the Internet right from Ubuntu’s file browser. Ubuntu One has two file-sharing methods: Publish, which makes a file publically available on the web to anyone who knows its address, and Share, which shares a folder with other Ubuntu One users. HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It? HTG Explains: What Is Windows RT and What Does It Mean To Me? HTG Explains: How Windows 8′s Secure Boot Feature Works & What It Means for Linux

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  • Getting started as a programmer -- school or self-study?

    - by Cyberherbalist
    My son who has is married with two small children has decided that he needs a change of career, and is considering getting into programming. He would do well in the field, I am certain, but I am uncertain how to advise him with regards to a lengthy course of schooling, or just try to learn 'on the job", so to speak. I suspect that if he doesn't ultimately get at least an associate degree in program (like his old man), that his job possibilities are going to be very constrained. This isn't the Dot-Com Bubble, after all, when they'd hire you if you could spell c-o-m-p-u-t-e-r because they needed bodies and the ability to fog a mirror wasn't quite enough. Should he go for a full program at the university, a two-year program (he already has a 2-year degree in video production, so he's got the general ed requirements whipped), or does anyone think self-study alone might be enough? To get started, anyway. I started back in 1987 with COBOL and a 2-year degree, which seemed the minimum at the time, but perhaps things are different now?

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  • Big Data – Buzz Words: What is Hadoop – Day 6 of 21

    - by Pinal Dave
    In yesterday’s blog post we learned what is NoSQL. In this article we will take a quick look at one of the four most important buzz words which goes around Big Data – Hadoop. What is Hadoop? Apache Hadoop is an open-source, free and Java based software framework offers a powerful distributed platform to store and manage Big Data. It is licensed under an Apache V2 license. It runs applications on large clusters of commodity hardware and it processes thousands of terabytes of data on thousands of the nodes. Hadoop is inspired from Google’s MapReduce and Google File System (GFS) papers. The major advantage of Hadoop framework is that it provides reliability and high availability. What are the core components of Hadoop? There are two major components of the Hadoop framework and both fo them does two of the important task for it. Hadoop MapReduce is the method to split a larger data problem into smaller chunk and distribute it to many different commodity servers. Each server have their own set of resources and they have processed them locally. Once the commodity server has processed the data they send it back collectively to main server. This is effectively a process where we process large data effectively and efficiently. (We will understand this in tomorrow’s blog post). Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a virtual file system. There is a big difference between any other file system and Hadoop. When we move a file on HDFS, it is automatically split into many small pieces. These small chunks of the file are replicated and stored on other servers (usually 3) for the fault tolerance or high availability. (We will understand this in the day after tomorrow’s blog post). Besides above two core components Hadoop project also contains following modules as well. Hadoop Common: Common utilities for the other Hadoop modules Hadoop Yarn: A framework for job scheduling and cluster resource management There are a few other projects (like Pig, Hive) related to above Hadoop as well which we will gradually explore in later blog posts. A Multi-node Hadoop Cluster Architecture Now let us quickly see the architecture of the a multi-node Hadoop cluster. A small Hadoop cluster includes a single master node and multiple worker or slave node. As discussed earlier, the entire cluster contains two layers. One of the layer of MapReduce Layer and another is of HDFC Layer. Each of these layer have its own relevant component. The master node consists of a JobTracker, TaskTracker, NameNode and DataNode. A slave or worker node consists of a DataNode and TaskTracker. It is also possible that slave node or worker node is only data or compute node. The matter of the fact that is the key feature of the Hadoop. In this introductory blog post we will stop here while describing the architecture of Hadoop. In a future blog post of this 31 day series we will explore various components of Hadoop Architecture in Detail. Why Use Hadoop? There are many advantages of using Hadoop. Let me quickly list them over here: Robust and Scalable – We can add new nodes as needed as well modify them. Affordable and Cost Effective – We do not need any special hardware for running Hadoop. We can just use commodity server. Adaptive and Flexible – Hadoop is built keeping in mind that it will handle structured and unstructured data. Highly Available and Fault Tolerant – When a node fails, the Hadoop framework automatically fails over to another node. Why Hadoop is named as Hadoop? In year 2005 Hadoop was created by Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella while working at Yahoo. Doug Cutting named Hadoop after his son’s toy elephant. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss Buzz Word – MapReduce. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • Metro: Dynamically Switching Templates with a WinJS ListView

    - by Stephen.Walther
    Imagine that you want to display a list of products using the WinJS ListView control. Imagine, furthermore, that you want to use different templates to display different products. In particular, when a product is on sale, you want to display the product using a special “On Sale” template. In this blog entry, I explain how you can switch templates dynamically when displaying items with a ListView control. In other words, you learn how to use more than one template when displaying items with a ListView control. Creating the Data Source Let’s start by creating the data source for the ListView. Nothing special here – our data source is a list of products. Two of the products, Oranges and Apples, are on sale. (function () { "use strict"; var products = new WinJS.Binding.List([ { name: "Milk", price: 2.44 }, { name: "Oranges", price: 1.99, onSale: true }, { name: "Wine", price: 8.55 }, { name: "Apples", price: 2.44, onSale: true }, { name: "Steak", price: 1.99 }, { name: "Eggs", price: 2.44 }, { name: "Mushrooms", price: 1.99 }, { name: "Yogurt", price: 2.44 }, { name: "Soup", price: 1.99 }, { name: "Cereal", price: 2.44 }, { name: "Pepsi", price: 1.99 } ]); WinJS.Namespace.define("ListViewDemos", { products: products }); })(); The file above is saved with the name products.js and referenced by the default.html page described below. Declaring the Templates and ListView Control Next, we need to declare the ListView control and the two Template controls which we will use to display template items. The markup below appears in the default.html file: <!-- Templates --> <div id="productItemTemplate" data-win-control="WinJS.Binding.Template"> <div class="product"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> <div id="productOnSaleTemplate" data-win-control="WinJS.Binding.Template"> <div class="product onSale"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> (On Sale!) </div> </div> <!-- ListView --> <div id="productsListView" data-win-control="WinJS.UI.ListView" data-win-options="{ itemDataSource: ListViewDemos.products.dataSource, layout: { type: WinJS.UI.ListLayout } }"> </div> In the markup above, two Template controls are declared. The first template is used when rendering a normal product and the second template is used when rendering a product which is on sale. The second template, unlike the first template, includes the text “(On Sale!)”. The ListView control is bound to the data source which we created in the previous section. The ListView itemDataSource property is set to the value ListViewDemos.products.dataSource. Notice that we do not set the ListView itemTemplate property. We set this property in the default.js file. Switching Between Templates All of the magic happens in the default.js file. The default.js file contains the JavaScript code used to switch templates dynamically. Here’s the entire contents of the default.js file: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { WinJS.UI.processAll().then(function () { var productsListView = document.getElementById("productsListView"); productsListView.winControl.itemTemplate = itemTemplateFunction; });; } }; function itemTemplateFunction(itemPromise) { return itemPromise.then(function (item) { // Select either normal product template or on sale template var itemTemplate = document.getElementById("productItemTemplate"); if (item.data.onSale) { itemTemplate = document.getElementById("productOnSaleTemplate"); }; // Render selected template to DIV container var container = document.createElement("div"); itemTemplate.winControl.render(item.data, container); return container; }); } app.start(); })(); In the code above, a function is assigned to the ListView itemTemplate property with the following line of code: productsListView.winControl.itemTemplate = itemTemplateFunction;   The itemTemplateFunction returns a DOM element which is used for the template item. Depending on the value of the product onSale property, the DOM element is generated from either the productItemTemplate or the productOnSaleTemplate template. Using Binding Converters instead of Multiple Templates In the previous sections, I explained how you can use different templates to render normal products and on sale products. There is an alternative approach to displaying different markup for normal products and on sale products. Instead of creating two templates, you can create a single template which contains separate DIV elements for a normal product and an on sale product. The following default.html file contains a single item template and a ListView control bound to the template. <!-- Template --> <div id="productItemTemplate" data-win-control="WinJS.Binding.Template"> <div class="product" data-win-bind="style.display: onSale ListViewDemos.displayNormalProduct"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> <div class="product onSale" data-win-bind="style.display: onSale ListViewDemos.displayOnSaleProduct"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> (On Sale!) </div> </div> <!-- ListView --> <div id="productsListView" data-win-control="WinJS.UI.ListView" data-win-options="{ itemDataSource: ListViewDemos.products.dataSource, itemTemplate: select('#productItemTemplate'), layout: { type: WinJS.UI.ListLayout } }"> </div> The first DIV element is used to render a normal product: <div class="product" data-win-bind="style.display: onSale ListViewDemos.displayNormalProduct"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> The second DIV element is used to render an “on sale” product: <div class="product onSale" data-win-bind="style.display: onSale ListViewDemos.displayOnSaleProduct"> <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> (On Sale!) </div> Notice that both templates include a data-win-bind attribute. These data-win-bind attributes are used to show the “normal” template when a product is not on sale and show the “on sale” template when a product is on sale. These attributes set the Cascading Style Sheet display attribute to either “none” or “block”. The data-win-bind attributes take advantage of binding converters. The binding converters are defined in the default.js file: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { WinJS.UI.processAll(); } }; WinJS.Namespace.define("ListViewDemos", { displayNormalProduct: WinJS.Binding.converter(function (onSale) { return onSale ? "none" : "block"; }), displayOnSaleProduct: WinJS.Binding.converter(function (onSale) { return onSale ? "block" : "none"; }) }); app.start(); })(); The ListViewDemos.displayNormalProduct binding converter converts the value true or false to the value “none” or “block”. The ListViewDemos.displayOnSaleProduct binding converter does the opposite; it converts the value true or false to the value “block” or “none” (Sadly, you cannot simply place a NOT operator before the onSale property in the binding expression – you need to create both converters). The end result is that you can display different markup depending on the value of the product onSale property. Either the contents of the first or second DIV element are displayed: Summary In this blog entry, I’ve explored two approaches to displaying different markup in a ListView depending on the value of a data item property. The bulk of this blog entry was devoted to explaining how you can assign a function to the ListView itemTemplate property which returns different templates. We created both a productItemTemplate and productOnSaleTemplate and displayed both templates with the same ListView control. We also discussed how you can create a single template and display different markup by using binding converters. The binding converters are used to set a DIV element’s display property to either “none” or “block”. We created a binding converter which displays normal products and a binding converter which displays “on sale” products.

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  • ASP.Net 4.5 Garbage Collection Improvement

    - by Aligned
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Aligned/archive/2013/06/24/asp.net-4.5-garbage-collection-improvement.aspxI just read Five Great .NET Framework 4.5 Features on CodeProject by Shivprasad koirala. Feature 5 in his article mentions the GC background cleanup and has a good explanation of the work the GC has to do for ASP.Net on the server. “Garbage collector is one real heavy task in a .NET application. And it becomes heavier when it is an ASP.NET application. ASP.NET applications run on the server and a lot of clients send requests to the server thus creating loads of objects, making the GC really work hard for cleaning up unwanted objects.” “To overcome the above problem, server GC was introduced. In server GC there is one more thread created which runs in the background. This thread works in the background and keeps cleaning…objects thus minimizing the load on the main GC thread. Due to double GC threads running, the main application threads are less suspended, thus increasing application throughput. To enable server GC, we need to use the gcServer XML tag and enable it to true.” <configuration> <runtime> <gcServer enabled="true"/> </runtime> </configuration> This is not done by default. The MSDN information page says “There are only two garbage collection options, workstation or server. For single-processor computers, the default workstation garbage collection should be the fastest option. Either workstation or server can be used for two-processor computers. Server garbage collection should be the fastest option for more than two processors. Use the GCSettingsIsServerGC property to determine if server garbage collection is enabled.” “In the .NET Framework 4 and earlier versions, concurrent garbage collection is not available when server garbage collection is enabled. Starting with the .NET Framework 4.5, server garbage collection is concurrent. To use non-concurrent server garbage collection, set the <gcServer> element to true and the <gcConcurrent> element to false. “ So if you’re using ASP.Net 4.5 and have a multi-core server, you should try turning on the Server Garbage Collection and do some profiling to see if it improves the performance of your site.

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  • Best development architecture for a small team of programmers ( WAMP Stack )

    - by Tio
    Hi all.. I'm in the first month of work in a new company.. and after I met the two programmer's and asked how things are organized in terms of projects inside the company, they simply shrug their shoulders, and said that nothing is organized.. I think my jaw hit the ground that same time.. ( I know some, of you think I should quit, but I'm on a privileged position, I'm the most experienced there, so there's room for me to grow inside the company, and I'm taking the high road ).. So I talked to the IT guy, and one of the programmers, and maybe this week I'm going to get a server all to myself to start organizing things. I've used various architectures in my previous work experiences, on one I was developing in a server on the network ( no source control of course ).. another experience I had was developing in my local computer, with no server on the network, just source control. And at home, I have a mix of the two, everything I code is on a server on the network, and I have those folders under source control, and I also have a no-ip account configured on that server so I can access it everywhere and I can show the clients anything. For me I think this last solution ( the one I have at home ) is the best: Network server with WAMP stack. The server as a public IP so we can access it by domain name. And use subdomains for each project. Everybody works directly on the network server. I think the problem arises, when two or more people want to work on the same project, in this case the only way to do this is by using source control and local repositories, this is great, but I think this turns development a lot more complicated. In the example I gave, to make a change to the code, I would simply need to open the file in my favorite editor, make the change, alter the database, check in the changes into source control and presto all done. Using local repositories, I would have to get the latest version, run the scripts on the local database to update it, alter the file, alter the database, check in the changes to the network server, update the database on the network server, see if everything is running well on the network server, and presto all done, to me this seems overcomplicated for a change on a simple php page. I could share the database for the local development and for the network server, that sure would help. Maybe the best way to do this is just simply: Network server with WAMP stack ( test server so to speak ), public server accessible trough the web. LAMP stack on every developer computer ( minus the database ) We develop locally, test, then check in the changes into the server test and presto. What do you think? Maybe I should start doing this at home.. Thanks and best regards... Edit: I'm sorry I made a mistake and switched WAMP with LAMP, sorry about that..

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  • SQL SERVER – Preserve Leading Zero While Coping to Excel from SSMS

    - by pinaldave
    Earlier I wrote two articles about how to efficiently copy data from SSMS to Excel. Since I wrote that post there are plenty of interest generated on this subject. There are a few questions I keep on getting over this subject. One of the question is how to get the leading zero preserved while copying the data from SSMS to Excel. Well it is almost the same way as my earlier post SQL SERVER – Excel Losing Decimal Values When Value Pasted from SSMS ResultSet. The key here is in EXCEL and not in SQL Server. The step here is to change the format of Excel Cell to Text from Numbers and that will preserve the value of the with leading or trailing Zeros in Excel. However, I assume this is done for display purpose only because once you convert column to Text you may find it difficult to do numeric operations over the column for example Aggregation, Average etc. If you need to do the same you should either convert the columns back to Numeric in Excel or do the process in Database and export the same value as along with it as well. However, I have seen in requirement in the real world where the user has to have a numeric value with leading Zero values in it for display purpose. Here is my suggestion, instead of manipulating numeric value in the database and converting it to character value the ideal thing to do is to store it as a numeric value only in the database. Whatever changes you want to do for display purpose should be handled at the time of the display using the format function of SQL or Application Language. Honestly, database is data layer and presentation is presentation layer – they are two different things and if possible they should not be mixed. If due to any reason you cannot follow above advise and you need is to have append leading zeros in the database only here are two of my previous articles I suggest you to refer them. I am open to learn new tricks as these articles are almost three years old. Please share your opinion and suggestions in the comments area. SQL SERVER – Pad Ride Side of Number with 0 – Fixed Width Number Display SQL SERVER – UDF – Pad Ride Side of Number with 0 – Fixed Width Number Display Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Function, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Excel

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  • Organizations &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 7

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Name different device categories Discuss the functions and structure of I/.O modules Describe the principles of Programmed I/O Describe the principles of Interrupt-driven I/O Describe the principles of DMA Discuss the evolution characteristic of I/O channels Describe different types of I/O interface Explain the principles of point-to-point and multipoint configurations Discuss the way in which a FireWire serial bus functions Discuss the principles of InfiniBand architecture External Devices An external device attaches to the computer by a link to an I/O module. The link is used to exchange control, status, and data between the I/O module and the external device. External devices can be classified into 3 categories… Human readable – e.g. video display Machine readable – e.g. magnetic disk Communications – e.g. wifi card I/O Modules An I/O module has two major functions… Interface to the processor and memory via the system bus or central switch Interface to one or more peripheral devices by tailored data links Module Functions The major functions or requirements for an I/O module fall into the following categories… Control and timing Processor communication Device communication Data buffering Error detection I/O function includes a control and timing requirement, to coordinate the flow of traffic between internal resources and external devices. Processor communication involves the following… Command decoding Data Status reporting Address recognition The I/O device must be able to perform device communication. This communication involves commands, status information, and data. An essential task of an I/O module is data buffering due to the relative slow speeds of most external devices. An I/O module is often responsible for error detection and for subsequently reporting errors to the processor. I/O Module Structure An I/O module functions to allow the processor to view a wide range of devices in a simple minded way. The I/O module may hide the details of timing, formats, and the electro mechanics of an external device so that the processor can function in terms of simple reads and write commands. An I/O channel/processor is an I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden, presenting a high-level interface to the processor. There are 3 techniques are possible for I/O operations Programmed I/O Interrupt[t I/O DMA Access Programmed I/O When a processor is executing a program and encounters an instruction relating to I/O it executes that instruction by issuing a command to the appropriate I/O module. With programmed I/O, the I/O module will perform the requested action and then set the appropriate bits in the I/O status register. The I/O module takes no further actions to alert the processor. I/O Commands To execute an I/O related instruction, the processor issues an address, specifying the particular I/O module and external device, and an I/O command. There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O module may receive when it is addressed by a processor… Control – used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do Test – Used to test various status conditions associated with an I/O module and its peripherals Read – Causes the I/O module to obtain an item of data from the peripheral and place it in an internal buffer Write – Causes the I/O module to take an item of data form the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral The main disadvantage of this technique is it is a time consuming process that keeps the processor busy needlessly I/O Instructions With programmed I/O there is a close correspondence between the I/O related instructions that the processor fetches from memory and the I/O commands that the processor issues to an I/O module to execute the instructions. Typically there will be many I/O devices connected through I/O modules to the system – each device is given a unique identifier or address – when the processor issues an I/O command, the command contains the address of the address of the desired device, thus each I/O module must interpret the address lines to determine if the command is for itself. When the processor, main memory and I/O share a common bus, two modes of addressing are possible… Memory mapped I/O Isolated I/O (for a detailed explanation read page 245 of book) The advantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that it has a large repertoire of instructions that can be used, allowing more efficient programming. The disadvantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that valuable memory address space is sued up. Interrupts driven I/O Interrupt driven I/O works as follows… The processor issues an I/O command to a module and then goes on to do some other useful work The I/O module will then interrupts the processor to request service when is is ready to exchange data with the processor The processor then executes the data transfer and then resumes its former processing Interrupt Processing The occurrence of an interrupt triggers a number of events, both in the processor hardware and in software. When an I/O device completes an I/O operations the following sequence of hardware events occurs… The device issues an interrupt signal to the processor The processor finishes execution of the current instruction before responding to the interrupt The processor tests for an interrupt – determines that there is one – and sends an acknowledgement signal to the device that issues the interrupt. The acknowledgement allows the device to remove its interrupt signal The processor now needs to prepare to transfer control to the interrupt routine. To begin, it needs to save information needed to resume the current program at the point of interrupt. The minimum information required is the status of the processor and the location of the next instruction to be executed. The processor now loads the program counter with the entry location of the interrupt-handling program that will respond to this interrupt. It also saves the values of the process registers because the Interrupt operation may modify these The interrupt handler processes the interrupt – this includes examination of status information relating to the I/O operation or other event that caused an interrupt When interrupt processing is complete, the saved register values are retrieved from the stack and restored to the registers Finally, the PSW and program counter values from the stack are restored. Design Issues Two design issues arise in implementing interrupt I/O Because there will be multiple I/O modules, how does the processor determine which device issued the interrupt? If multiple interrupts have occurred, how does the processor decide which one to process? Addressing device recognition, 4 general categories of techniques are in common use… Multiple interrupt lines Software poll Daisy chain Bus arbitration For a detailed explanation of these approaches read page 250 of the textbook. Interrupt driven I/O while more efficient than simple programmed I/O still requires the active intervention of the processor to transfer data between memory and an I/O module, and any data transfer must traverse a path through the processor. Thus is suffers from two inherent drawbacks… The I/O transfer rate is limited by the speed with which the processor can test and service a device The processor is tied up in managing an I/O transfer; a number of instructions must be executed for each I/O transfer Direct Memory Access When large volumes of data are to be moved, an efficient technique is direct memory access (DMA) DMA Function DMA involves an additional module on the system bus. The DMA module is capable of mimicking the processor and taking over control of the system from the processor. It needs to do this to transfer data to and from memory over the system bus. DMA must the bus only when the processor does not need it, or it must force the processor to suspend operation temporarily (most common – referred to as cycle stealing). When the processor wishes to read or write a block of data, it issues a command to the DMA module by sending to the DMA module the following information… Whether a read or write is requested using the read or write control line between the processor and the DMA module The address of the I/O device involved, communicated on the data lines The starting location in memory to read from or write to, communicated on the data lines and stored by the DMA module in its address register The number of words to be read or written, communicated via the data lines and stored in the data count register The processor then continues with other work, it delegates the I/O operation to the DMA module which transfers the entire block of data, one word at a time, directly to or from memory without going through the processor. When the transfer is complete, the DMA module sends an interrupt signal to the processor, this the processor is involved only at the beginning and end of the transfer. I/O Channels and Processors Characteristics of I/O Channels As one proceeds along the evolutionary path, more and more of the I/O function is performed without CPU involvement. The I/O channel represents an extension of the DMA concept. An I/O channel ahs the ability to execute I/O instructions, which gives it complete control over I/O operations. In a computer system with such devices, the CPU does not execute I/O instructions – such instructions are stored in main memory to be executed by a special purpose processor in the I/O channel itself. Two types of I/O channels are common A selector channel controls multiple high-speed devices. A multiplexor channel can handle I/O with multiple characters as fast as possible to multiple devices. The external interface: FireWire and InfiniBand Types of Interfaces One major characteristic of the interface is whether it is serial or parallel parallel interface – there are multiple lines connecting the I/O module and the peripheral, and multiple bits are transferred simultaneously serial interface – there is only one line used to transmit data, and bits must be transmitted one at a time With new generation serial interfaces, parallel interfaces are becoming less common. In either case, the I/O module must engage in a dialogue with the peripheral. In general terms the dialog may look as follows… The I/O module sends a control signal requesting permission to send data The peripheral acknowledges the request The I/O module transfers data The peripheral acknowledges receipt of data For a detailed explanation of FireWire and InfiniBand technology read page 264 – 270 of the textbook

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  • ubuntu 12.04 does not detect already installed windows 7

    - by arvind
    sir i have alreary installed windows 7 ultimate and when i tried to install ubuntu 12.04 it's installer didn't detect windows even i have only two primary and two logical partition on windows when i goes through try ubuntu and use command " os-prober" it shows output like as " unshare failed: Operation not permitted ERROR: you must be root ERROR: you must be root ERROR: you must be root ERROR: you must be root ERROR: you must be root ERROR: you must be root mkdir: cannot create directory /var/lib/os-prober/mount': Permission denied mkdir: cannot create directory/var/lib/os-prober/mount': Permission denied mkdir: cannot create directory /var/lib/os-prober/mount': Permission denied mkdir: cannot create directory/var/lib/os-prober/mount': Permission denied mkdir: cannot create directory `/var/lib/os-prober/mount': Permission denied" so plzzzz help me what should i do ???

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  • Spreadsheets in Game Design?

    - by Joey Green
    There have been two instances from the past two weeks that I've heard from well known successful game developers that they use spreadsheets when designing games. The first being David Whatley in this GDCVault video: http://gdcvault.com/play/1012372/From-Zero-to-Time-Magazine The second being the guys that do Walled Garden Weekly: http://walledgardenweekly.com/ David said he models everything out and uses excel models to see how everything plays out. What on earth is he talking about? Is it seeing how the game mechanics react to each other? Is there somewhere where I can learn more about how to do this? Thanks

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  • Culture Shmulture?

    - by steve.diamond
    I've been thinking about "Customer Experience Management" lately. Here at Oracle, we arguably have the most complete suite of applications for managing the customer experience across and in the context of multiple channels -- from marketing to loyalty to contact center to self-service to analytics offerings, and more. And stay tuned, because in coming months let's just say we'll have even more to talk about on this front. But that said............ Last weekend my wife and I stayed at one of the premiere hotel chains on the planet. I won't name them, but we all know the short list. It could have been the St. Regis or the Ritz Carlton or Four Seasons or Hyatt Park or....This stay, at this particular hotel, was simply outstanding. Within a chain known for providing "above and beyond" levels of service, this particular hotel, under this particular manager, exceeded expectations on so many fronts. For example, at the Spa we mentioned to the two attendants that my wife is seven months pregnant and that we had previously had a lot of trouble conceiving. We then went to our room. Ten minutes later we heard a knock at the door and received a plate of chocolate covered strawberries with a heartfelt note and an inspiring quote, signed by the two spa attendees. The following day we arranged to have a bellhop drive us to the beach. Although they had a pre-arranged beach shuttle service with time limits, etc., he greeted us by saying, "I'm yours for the day until 4 p.m. Whatever you want to do is fine by me, as long as it's legal!" The morning that we left we arranged to have a taxi drive us to the airport--a nearly 40 mile drive. What showed up was a private coach complete with navy blue suited driver dude. And we were charged the taxi fare price. And there were many other awesome exchanges I won't mention here, although I did email the GM of this hotel two nights ago and expressed our effusive praise and gratitude. I'd submit that this hotel chain would have a definitive advantage using even more Oracle software to manage and optimize its customer interactions (yes, they are a customer). But WITHOUT the culture--that management team--and that instillation of aligned values across all employees of exemplifying 'the golden rule,' I wonder how much technology really matters in providing a distinctively positive and memorable customer experience. Lest you think I'm alone in these pontifications, have you read Paul Greenberg's blog lately? Have you seen one of his most recent posts? Now this SPECIFIC post is NOT about customer service per se. But it is about people. So yes, please think long and hard about the technology you seek to deploy. But never forget who will be interacting with your systems, and your customers.

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  • Test Driven Development with vxml

    - by Malcolm Anderson
    It's been 3 years since I did any coding and am starting back up with Java using netBeans and glassfish.  Right off the bat I noticed two things about Java's ease of use.  The java ide (netBeans) has finally caught up with visual studio, and jUnit, has finally caught up with nUnit.  netBeans intellisense exists and I don't have to subclass everything in jUnit.    Now on to the point of this very short post ( request)   I'm trying to figure out how to do test driven development with vxml and have not found anythnig yet.  I've done my google search, but unfortunately, TDD in IVR land has something to do with helping the hearing impared. I've found a vxml simulator or two, but none of their marketing is getting my hopes up.    My request - if you have done any agile engineering work with vxml, contact me, I need to pick your brain and bring some ideas back to my team.   Thanks in advance.

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  • Configuring Multi-Tap on Synaptics Touchpad

    - by nunos
    I am having a hard time configuring my notebook's touchpad. The touchpad already works. It successfully responds to one-finger tap, two-finger tap and two-finger vertical scrolling. What I want to accomplish: change two-finger tap action from right-mouse click to middle-mouse click add three-finger tap functionality to yield right-mouse click action (i have checked that the three-finger tap is supported by my laptop's touchpad since it works on Windows) I read on a forum to use this as a guide. I have successfully accomplished point 1 with synclient TapButton2=2. However, I have to do it everytime I log in. I have tried to put that command on /etc/rc.local but the computer always boots and logins with the default configuration. Regarding point 2, I have tried synclient TapButton3=3 but it doesn't do anything when I three-finger tap the touchpad. I am running Ubuntu 11.10 on an Asus N82JV. /etc/X11/xorg.conf: nuno@mozart:~$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf Section "InputClass" Identifier "touchpad catchall" Driver "synaptics" MatchIsTouchpad "on" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "TapButton1" "1" Option "TapButton2" "2" Option "TapButton3" "3" EndSection /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf: nuno@mozart:~$ cat /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf # Example xorg.conf.d snippet that assigns the touchpad driver # to all touchpads. See xorg.conf.d(5) for more information on # InputClass. # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, your distribution will likely overwrite # it when updating. Copy (and rename) this file into # /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d first. # Additional options may be added in the form of # Option "OptionName" "value" # Section "InputClass" Identifier "touchpad catchall" Driver "synaptics" MatchIsTouchpad "on" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "TapButton1" "1" Option "TapButton2" "2" Option "TapButton3" "3" EndSection xinput list: nuno@mozart:~$ xinput list ? Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=12 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=13 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad id=16 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? USB2.0 2.0M UVC WebCam id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Asus Laptop extra buttons id=14 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=15 [slave keyboard (3)]

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  • Configuring Multi-Tap on Synpaptics Touchpad

    - by nunos
    I am having a hard time configuring my notebook's touchpad. The touchpad already works. It succesfully responds to one-finger tap, two-finger tap and two-finger vertical scrolling. What I want to accomplish: change two-finger tap action from right-mouse click to middle-mouse click add three-finger tap functionality to yield right-mouse click action I read on a forum to use this as a guide. I have succesfully accomplished point 1 with synclient TapButton2=2. However, I have to do it everytime I log in. I have tried to put that command on /etc/rc.local but the computer always boots and logins with the default configuration. Regarding point 2, I have tried synclient TapButton3=3 but it doesn't do anything when I three-finger tap the touchpad. I am running Ubuntu 11.10 on an Asus N82JV. /etc/X11/xorg.conf: nuno@mozart:~$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf Section "InputClass" Identifier "touchpad catchall" Driver "synaptics" MatchIsTouchpad "on" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "TapButton1" "1" Option "TapButton2" "2" Option "TapButton3" "3" EndSection /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf: nuno@mozart:~$ cat /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf # Example xorg.conf.d snippet that assigns the touchpad driver # to all touchpads. See xorg.conf.d(5) for more information on # InputClass. # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, your distribution will likely overwrite # it when updating. Copy (and rename) this file into # /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d first. # Additional options may be added in the form of # Option "OptionName" "value" # Section "InputClass" Identifier "touchpad catchall" Driver "synaptics" MatchIsTouchpad "on" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "TapButton1" "1" Option "TapButton2" "2" Option "TapButton3" "3" EndSection xinput list: nuno@mozart:~$ xinput list ? Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=12 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=13 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad id=16 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? USB2.0 2.0M UVC WebCam id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Microsoft Microsoft® Nano Transceiver v2.0 id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Asus Laptop extra buttons id=14 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=15 [slave keyboard (3)]

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  • Problem with Numlock light and remapping keyboard

    - by ansidev
    I upgraded to Ubuntu 13.10. And there are two problem: Numlock is on. But after I press Ctrl+Space (hotkey for IBus, (default in 13.10 is Super+Space)), Numlock is off and I must press Numlock button twice to enable Numlock. About remapping keyboard, because my keyboard have some broken key, so I am using xmodmap to remap my keyboard (config file for xmodmap is $HOME/.xmodmap). But when I switch keyboard layout (I mentioned above), everything changed to default, and I must run xmodmap .xmodmap to remap keyboard again. When using Ubuntu 13.04, everything is good. How to solve my problems? UPDATE: 1. I am using two keyboard layout: English (US) and Unikey (from ibus-unikey package). 2. If I change key board layout using menu on Unity panel, no first problem.

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  • Something other than Vertex Welding with Texture Atlas?

    - by Tim Winter
    What options (in C# with XNA) would there be for texture usage in a procedural generated 3D world made of cubes to increase performance? Yes, it's like Minecraft. I've been doing a texture atlas and rendering faces individually (4 vertices per face), but I've also read in a couple places about using texture wrapping with two 1D atlases to merge adjacent faces with the same texture. If two or more adjacent faces share the same image, it'd be quite easy to wrap in this way reducing vertices by a large amount. My problem with this is having too many textures, swapping too often, and many image related things like non-power of 2 images. Is there a middle ground option between the 1D texture atlas trick and rendering 4 vertices per cube face? This is a picture of what I have currently (in wireframe). 4 vertices per face seems extremely inefficient to me.

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  • Is there a viable alternative to the agile development methodology? [closed]

    - by Eric Wilson
    The two predominant software-development methodologies are waterfall and agile. When discussing these two, there is often much focus on the particular practices that distinguish them (pair programming, TDD, etc. vs. functional spec, big up-front design, etc.) But the real differences are far deeper, in that these practices come from a philosophy. Waterfall says: Change is costly, so it should be minimized. Agile says: Change is inevitable, so make change cheap. My question is, regardless of what you think of TDD or functional specs, is the waterfall development methodology really viable? Does anyone really think that minimizing change in software is a viable option for those that desire to deliver valuable software? Or is the question really about what sort of practices work best in our situations to manage the inevitable change?

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  • IFMR Conference – Global Procurement & Supply Chain Management for the Oil & Gas Industry

    - by Pam Petropoulos
    Dates: June 9 - 11, 2014Location: JW Marriott Houston, TXThis 2nd Global Procurement and Supply Chain Management Conference for the Oil & Gas Industry will cover key market challenges including: - supplier / operator relationships- benchmarking strategic procurement and category management- capacity overload vs. demand- new frontiers /new procurement strategies - sustainability in procurement and supply chain With a one-track focus, this is a highly intensive, content-driven event that includes case studies, presentations and panel discussions over two full days.Plan to attend the Oracle presentation on day one, and the Oracle panel discussion on day two. Oil & Gas experts will be available in the Oracle booth to answer questions.Click here to learn more and register.

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  • Connecting 2 ubuntu machines as a LAN

    - by Brendan Cutjar
    Hi i am trying to connect 2 ubuntu computers as a LAN. In my current setup I have: One machine running ubuntu 11.10 with Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller While the other machine is running Ubuntu 12.04 with an Atheros Communications Inc AR8152 v1.1 Fast Ethernet The two machines are connected via a switch (Edimax ES-3205P). Unfortunately I still cannot connect the two machines together. Can somebody please show me what to do and how to go about solving this issue? Thank you ANSWERED All I had to do was set up both ip's maually, subnet mask to 255.255.255.0 and left blank both gateway and DNS.

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  • Stack vs queue -based programming language efficiency [closed]

    - by Core Xii
    Suppose there are two programming languages; one where the only form of storage is one (preferred) or two (may be required for Turing-completeness) stacks, and another where the only form of storage is a single queue, with appropriate instructions in each to manipulate their respective storage to achieve Turing-completeness. Which one can more efficiently encode complex algorithms? Such that most given algorithms take less code to implement, less time to compute and less memory to do so. Also, how do they compare to a language with a traditional array (or unbounded tape, if you will) as storage?

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