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• Exchange 2010 issuing NDRs to Hotmail/Live & few other domains on receipt of message

  - by John Patrick Dandison

  I'm working through a beast of an issue at the moment. Exchange 2010 single server on prem Hybrid deployment to Office 365 ESMTP filtering turned off on ASA Certain domains (most consistently, Hotmail/Live) cannot send us mail. At one point, we couldn't send out either, but I created a new Send Connector that forces HELO instead of EHLO. I turned on SMTP logging, an example of the failed inbound message connection is below. I've read that it could be that reverse DNS is the problem, i.e., the exchange banner smtp address needs to reverse-DNS back to the same IP. Since it's the default exchange connector, its banner is the server's name, but the DNS name of the MX record is different. I'm waiting for the PTR records to update to reflect the internal name as well. Is that the right direction? Is this all DNS or something different? SMTP Session Log (single failed session for illustration): SMTPSubmit SMTPAcceptAnySender SMTPAcceptAuthoritativeDomainSender AcceptRoutingHeaders 220 ExchangeServerName.internalSubDomain.example.com Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service ready at Mon, 15 Oct 2012 09:57:24 -0400 EHLO col0-omc3-s4.col0.hotmail.com 250-ExchangeServerName.internalSubDomain.example.com Hello [65.55.34.142] 250-SIZE 250-PIPELINING 250-DSN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-STARTTLS 250-X-ANONYMOUSTLS 250-AUTH NTLM LOGIN 250-X-EXPS GSSAPI NTLM 250-8BITMIME 250-BINARYMIME 250-CHUNKING 250-XEXCH50 250-XRDST 250 XSHADOW MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 08CF5268DABBD9AA;2012-10-15T13:57:24.564Z;1 250 2.1.0 Sender OK RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 250 2.1.5 Recipient OK XXXX 1282 LAST Tarpit for '0.00:00:05' 500 5.3.3 Unrecognized command XXXXXXXXX from COL002-W38 ([65.55.34.135]) by col0-omc3-s4.col0.hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.4675); Tarpit for '0.00:00:05' 500 5.3.3 Unrecognized command " XXXX 15 Oct 2012 06:57:24 -0700" Tarpit for '0.00:00:05' 500 5.3.3 Unrecognized command XXXXXXXXXXX <[email protected]> Tarpit for '0.00:00:05'

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• fwbuilder/iptables manually scripted + autogenerated rules at startup?

  - by Jakobud

  Fedora 11 Our previous IT-guy setup iptable rules on our firewall in a way that is confusing me and he didn't document any of it. I was hoping someone could help me make some sense of it. The iptables service is obviously starting at startup, but the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file was untouched (default values). I found in /etc/rc.local he was doing this: # We have multiple ISP connections on our network. # The following is about 50+ rules to route incoming and outgoing # information. For example, certain internal hosts are specified here # to use ISP A connection while everyone else on the network uses # ISP B connection when access the internet. ip rule add from 99.99.99.99 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.98 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.97 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.96 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 99.99.99.95 table Whatever_0 ip rule add from 192.168.1.103 table ISB_A ip rule add from 192.168.1.105 table ISB_A ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 table ISB_B # etc... and then near the end of the file, AFTER all the ip rules he just declared, he has this: /root/fw/firewall-rules.fw He's executing the firewall rules file that was auto-generated by fwbuilder. Some questions Why is he declaring all these ip rules in rc.local instead of declaring them in fwbuilder like all the other rules? Any advantage or necessity to this? Or is this just a poorly organized way to implement firewall rules? Why is he declaring ip rules BEFORE executing the fwbuilder script? I would assume that one of the first things the fwbuilder script does it get rid of any existing rules before declaring all the new ones. Am I wrong about this? If that was the case, the fwbuilder script would basically just delete all the ip rules that were defined in rc.local. Does this make any sense? Why is he executing all this stuff at startup in rc.local instead of just using iptables-save to keep the firewall settings at /etc/sysconfig/iptables that will get implemented at runtime?

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• how to block spam email using Microsoft Outlook 2011 (Mac)?

  - by tim8691

  I'm using Microsoft Outlook 2011 for Mac and I'm getting so much spam I'm not sure how to control it. In the past, I always applied "Block Sender" and "Mark as Junk" to any spam email messages I received. This doesn't seem to be enough nowadays. Then I've started using Tools Rules to create rules based on subject, but the same spammer keeps changing subject lines, so this isn't working. I've been tracking the IP addresses they also seem to be changing with each email. Is there any key information I can use in the email to apply a rule to successfully place these spam emails in the junk folder? I'm using a "Low" level of junk email protection. The next higher level, "high", says it may eliminate valid emails, so I prefer not to use this option. There's maybe one or two spammers sending me emails, but the volume is very high now. I'm getting a variation of the following facebook email spam: Hi, Here's some activity you have missed. No matter how far away you are from friends and family, we can help you stay connected. Other people have asked to be your friend. Accept this invitation to see your previous friend requests Some variations on the subject line they've used include: Account Info Change Account Sender Mail Pending ticket notification Pending ticket status Support Center Support med center Pending Notification Reminder: Pending Notification How do people address this? Can it be done within Outlook or is it better to get a third party commercial software to plug-in or otherwise manage it? If so, why would the third party be better than Outlook's internal tools (e.g. what does it look for in the incoming email that Outlook doesn't look at)?

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• Windows VPN for remote site connection drawbacks

  - by Damo

  I'm looking for some thoughts on a particular way of setting up a estate of machines. We have a requirement to install machines into unmanned, remote locations. These machines will auto login and perform tasks controlled from a central server. In order to manage patching, AV, updates etc I want these machines to be joined to a dedicated domain for this estate. Some of the locations will only have 3G connectivity (via other hardware), others will be located on customer premises in internal networks. The central server (of ours) and the Domain Controller will be on a public WAN. I see two ways of facilitating this. Install a router at each location and have a site to site VPN between the remove device and the data centre where the servers are location Have the remote machine dial up and authenticate via a Windows VPN connection to the DC via RAS Option one is more costly to setup and has a higher operational cost. It also offers better diagnostics if the remote PC goes down. Option two works well but is solely dependent on the VPN connection been made before any communication can be made to the remote machine. In a simple test, I can got a Windows 7 machine to dial a VPN prior to authentication to a domain, then automatically login to the machine using domain credentials. If the VPN connection drops, it redials. I can also create a timed task to auto connect every hour in case of other issues. I'd like to know, why (if at all) is operating a remote network of devices which are located in various out of band locations in this way a bad idea? Consider 300-400 remote machines all at different sites. I'd rather have 400 VPN connections to a 2008 server than 400 routers, however I'd like to know other opinions on this.

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• What to look for in a switch with LAN/WAN verses an iSCSI SAN?

  - by Luke

  I'm setting up a VMWare ESXi 5 environment with 3 server nodes. Dell recommended 2x Force10 S60 switches shared (iSCSI SAN, LAN/WAN). The S60 switches are extremely powerful. They have 1.25 GB of buffer cache, < 9us latency. But they are very expensive (online price ~$15k per switch, actual quote a little less). I've been told that "by the book" you should at least have 2 internal switches for SAN, and 2 switches for LAN/WAN (each with a redundant). I know some of the pros and cons of each approach. What I'm wondering is, would it be more cost effective to disjoin the SAN from LAN with less expensive switches? The answer to this question highlights what I should be looking for in a switch for the SAN. What should I be looking for in a LAN/WAN switch, in comparison to the SAN? With the above linked question for the SAN: How is buffer latency measured? When you see 36 MB of buffer cache, is that shared or per port? So 36 MB would be 768kb or 36MB per port? With 3 to 6 servers how much buffer cache do you really need? What else should I be looking at? Our application will be heavily using HTML5 websockets (high number of persistent connections). The amount of data being sent is small; Data sent between client <- server isn't broadcasted (not a chat/IM service). We will be doing some database reporting too (csv export, sums, some joins). We are a small business and on a budget. We'd probably only be able to spend no more than $20k on switches total (2 or 4).

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• Manual NAT on Checkpoint (Redirect all http requests to a local web server)

  - by B. Kulakli

  We have a proxy server in our internal network and I want to redirect all internet http requests to a web server in local network. It'll be like a Network Billboard that says "No direct connection is available. Set up your proxy etc." For example: A user starts the computer Opens the browser Tries to open www.google.com Should see web server output on local network Tries another web site on internet Should see web server output on local network Sets up proxy Tries to connect to a web site Web site should be loaded I have added a simple manual NAT rule to address translation in Checkpoint firewall but it simply does not work. Here is my address translation rule Source Destination Service T.Source T.Destination T.Service MY_PC A_GOOGLE_IP ALL ORIGINAL INT_WEB_SRV ORIGINAL Then when I ping A_GOOGLE_IP, replies come from INT_WEB_SRV, as I expected. However, when I try to connect A_GOOGLE_IP from browser (http://A_GOOGLE_IP), no replies come from SYN_SENT and falls into timeout. When I look at the firewall log of INT_WEB_SRV, I can see the incoming connection requests from MY_PC is accepted and NO denies. By the way, there is no problem to see INT_WEB_SRV (http://INT_WEB_SRV) from browser. My understanding is, my NAT rule at checkpoint NGX R60 does not include return packets. I definitely need some help.

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• Virtualbox port forwarding with iptables

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a virtualmachine (virtualbox) as mailserver. The host is an Ubuntu 12.04 and the guest is an Ubuntu 10.04 system. At first I forwarded port 25 to 2550 on the host and added a port forward rule in VirtualBox from 2550 to 25 on the guest. This works for all ports needed for the mailserver. The guest has a host only connection and a NAT (with the port-forwarding). My mailserver was receiving and sending mail properly. But all connections are comming from the virtualbox internal ip, so every host connection is allowed, and that's not what I want. So.. I'm trying to skip the VirtualBox forwarding part and just forward port 25 to my host only ip of the guest system. I used these rules: iptables -F iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -j ACCEPT echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d xxx.host.ip.xxx --dport 25 -j DNAT --to 192.168.99.105:25 iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.99.0 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -L -n But after these changes I still can't connect with a simple telnet. (Which was possible with my first solution). The guest machine doesn't have any firewall. I only have one network interface on the host (eth0) and a host interface (vboxnet0). Any suggestions? Or should I go back to my old solution (which I don't really like). Edit: bridge mode isn't an option, I have only on IP available for the moment. Thanks!

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• mod_fcgi produces random 500 Errors

  - by DmitrySemenov

  php 5.4.7 via mod_fcgi when I run the site sometimes it works, sometimes it crashed with 500 Internal Error, this is what I see in error.log everytime I run the script [Mon Sep 24 18:50:43 2012] [warn] [client 68.231.194.198] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Mon Sep 24 18:50:43 2012] [error] [client 68.231.194.198] Premature end of script headers: api.php any ideas? vhost config: <VirtualHost :80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/home/www/sites/test.com/html/development" ServerName test.com ServerAlias www.test.com ErrorLog "/home/www/sites/test.com/logs/error_log" CustomLog "/home/www/sites/test.com/logs/access_log" common <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <Directory /home/www/sites/test.com/html/development> Options +ExecCGI AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php FCGIWrapper /home/www/php-fcgi-scripts/php-fcgi-starter .php Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </VirtualHost> fcgi.d conf LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so # Use FastCGI to process .fcg .fcgi & .fpl scripts AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl # Sane place to put sockets and shared memory file FcgidIPCDir /var/run/mod_fcgid FcgidProcessTableFile /var/run/mod_fcgid/fcgid_shm IdleTimeout 300 BusyTimeout 300 ProcessLifeTime 7200 IPCConnectTimeout 300 IPCCommTimeout 7200 PHP_Fix_Pathinfo_Enable 1 php-fcgi-starter.php #!/bin/sh PHP_CGI=/usr/local/php547/bin/php-cgi PHP_INI=/etc/php547-fastcgi.ini export PHP_FCGI_TIMEOUT=1200 #export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=6 export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 exec $PHP_CGI -c $PHP_INI

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• VPN sharing on Mac OS X 10.5 machine

  - by Jens

  I have a rather weird problem. I want to share a VPN connection that has been established by my Mac OS X 10.5 computer with another machine in my network. This is what I did: In the /etc/hostcongig file on the main computer I added the line: IPFORWARDING=-YES- I assigned a fixed IP address to my computer (192.168.178.30), a fixed one to the other machine (192.168.178.60) and my computer's IP address as gateway on the other machine. I connected to my VPN using the internal Mac OS X VPN client (PPTP connection) I run this script: #!/bin/sh natd -same_ports -use_sockets -unregistered_only -dynamic -interface ppp0 -clamp_mss ipfw -f flush ipfw add divert natd ip from any to any via ppp0 ipfw add pass all from any to any sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 Source: Using (and sharing) a VPN connection on your Mac Now everthing works smootly, however speed is an issue. I get 1,8 MBit/s on my main machine and only 0,3 - 0,6 MBit/s on the other one. My question: What could possibly be wrong? Do I have to tweak MTU settings, is there any packet inspection ongoing that needs time....? Any help appreciated!

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• Linux server: Dropped packets

  - by Lars

  I see dropped packets using ifconfig on my eth0 interface: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:0d:03:ca inet addr:10.0.1.2 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:9000 Metric:1 RX packets:30268348 errors:0 dropped:70721 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:133076885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8699434077 (8.6 GB) TX bytes:194937313025 (194.9 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:feae0000-feb00000 When i use ethtool -S i dont see anything wrong: NIC statistics: rx_packets: 30267138 tx_packets: 133074510 rx_bytes: 8699356158 tx_bytes: 194934147340 rx_broadcast: 35296 tx_broadcast: 5435 rx_multicast: 0 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 0 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 5757001 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 8649 rx_flow_control_xoff: 62072 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 8699356158 rx_csum_offload_good: 30212111 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 rx_header_split: 10857552 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 0 rx_dma_failed: 0 tx_dma_failed: 0 I am running Ubuntu 12.04 with kernel 3.2.0-30-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP I have pinged every device on my internal network for about 24 hours, without packet loss. Also checked my router and my interface to the WAN, also no errors there. Does anyone have any clue?

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• GVIM hangs when saving through GVFS' FTP

  - by Lie Ryan

  I loved Gnome's Nautilus and FTP integration and being able to mount a remote FTP directory as a regular bookmark/directory, and double clicking any remote files to open in any unmodified program. I also loved editing text files with GVim. However, if I double clicked file on Nautilus to open a text file in Gvim, then saving a file will take about 10 seconds and GVim will hang for that amount of time. The major irritant is that I cannot continue editing while the text editor is waiting for the write to finish, this delay interrupted my workflow and thought process and saving becomes a painful process. The other problem is that I don't think simply uploading a file should take that much time. I'm aware of GVim's internal FTP support, but they are not as well integrated with Nautilus's FTP. So a few question: Is there a way to make GVim or GVFS to save in background while I continue editing? Why is GVFS so slow? Is there any way to set GVFS to use a single persistent FTP connection instead of creating a new FTP connection each time? I'm on Gentoo Linux x86-64.

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• Apache reverse proxy with VirtualHost not serving a page

  - by Mr Aleph

  I have an Apache reverse proxy set to move requests to a Tomcat Applet. The config is similar to: <VirtualHost 100.100.100.100:80> ProxyPass /AppName/App http://1.1.1.1/AppName/App ProxyPassReverse /AppName/App http://1.1.1.1/AppName/App </VirtualHost> I also have a page called summary.html that exists on 1.1.1.1 as: http://1.1.1.1/AppName/summary.html When I browse directly to it I have no problem viewing it, however if I try to get there via the reverse proxy I get a blank page. Wireshark shows me a 503, but this one is coming from the Apache reverse proxy (IP 100.100.100.100) and not the Tomcat (IP 1.1.1.1). Should I add http://1.1.1.1/AppName/ to the config? How? I tried it but I get a blank page, however this one shows on the URL bar of the browser the internal IP of the Tomcat, so, no go. Help is appreciated. Thanks. EDIT: This is the dump from Wireshark: GET /AppName/ HTTP/1.1 Host: 100.100.100.100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8) AppleWebKit/534.52.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.2 Safari/534.52.7 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept-Language: en-us Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2012 09:08:51 GMT Server: Apache Content-Length: 1 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

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• What are these isolated resource requests in Apache's access_log?

  - by Greg

  I was looking at my Apache access log and came across some strange requests. A single IP address will access several resources (mostly css style sheets and images), but no actual pages. Sometimes they are requesting a resource that no longer exists on the server, or one that is still under the web root but no longer used (e.g. a resource in an old WordPress theme). Also: The requests list no referrer I get no useful information on the IP address by looking it up There doesn't seem to be any pattern among the IP addresses that are making these requests (e.g. different countries) Are these just links from a stale cache somewhere? Could it be a sign of an attack of some sort? Here is a typical example: GET /wp-content/themes/my-theme/images/old-image.gif HTTP/1.1" 500 809 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible;)" This was one of about 10 similar requests, some for existing resources, some for older resources. There is no other sign of this IP address in access_log. Note the internal server error, which is a topic for a different thread. What I'm asking here is where would isolated requests like this come from?

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• Why is writing to my external hard drive slow, while benchmarks show fast writing?

  - by matix2267

  I have an iOmega eGo 320GB portable drive connected through USB2.0 to my laptop running Windows Vista. It's been working fine for quite some time until recently it became very slow when writing e.g. when copying ~300MB movie over to the drive at first it is extremely fast but it actually doesn't write it only puts in cache and then hangs on last 10-20MBs for about a minute. When copying larger files it's the same story: starts fast but then slows down to ~5MB/s (sometimes even slower down to 2MB/s). Strange thing is that I have always had caching disabled for this drive (it was disabled by default and I never bothered changing it). At first I thought that the disk is dying so I checked S.M.A.R.T. values and everything is fine there. I also run chkdsk and it seemed to fix the problem - it worked fast for a few minutes but then it slowed down again. I also tried plugging it into another USB port - no difference. Additionally I noticed that reading under certain circumstances is sometimes slower e.g. loading times for some games are ~10 times longer, whereas simple copying files from this drive to my internal HDD is fast. I ran a speed benchmark using CrystalDiskMark with a 5x100MB run and strangely got these results: read write (MB/s) Seq 33.05 28.25 512k 17.30 15.27 4k 0.267 0.372 4kQD32 0.510 0.260 This is different from what most other people have (I've found many threads about slow disk write while googling but all of them were slow on benchmarks too) which is why I decided to post this problem here. BTW most of the time when writing (or sometimes reading) the activity led is mostly idle (blinks a while and then stops for longer, sometimes has slower blinks ~1 sek, sometimes goes off for a few seconds - extremely long blink :) ) but when benchmarking, defragmenting or just reading (copying from this drive, installing apps from installers there, watching HD videos) it is blinking really fast (like it should) and there are no slowdowns. It shouldn't be driver issue unless stock Windows drivers have some issues I'm not aware of.

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• Regarding AD Domain controllers and remote branch offices

  - by Alex

  We have central HQ building and a lot of small branch offices connecting via VPN and want to implement AD (If you can believe we still haven't). We want everyone to log in using domain accounts and be policed centrally. We are OK with having a RODC in a branch office with like 10 computers. But we have these small branches with two to four PCs only. Some of these branches connect to HQ via IPSec site-to-site VPN, some via remote access (client-based) VPN. So there is no problem with ones that have local RODC or connecting to HQ DCs via VPN router. But how about small branches? We don't really want to set up a machine there, neither we want to invest into Windows Server licenses or fancy network equipment. Also, the problem is that we cannot access HQ DCs via VPN because we are not logged in and connected to HQ internal network yet, so DCs aren't reachable. What is typically done in that situation if it is needed to have central management over policies on those PCs? Or is it better to let 'em loose and use local policies and accounts in this situation?

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• Deploy our own software using Puppet?

  - by Ken

  (Apologies in advance for the stupidity in this question. I'm normally a programmer, not a sysadmin, but I've taken it upon myself to automate some things, and clean up some other things which are automated but not in the prettiest way. :-) I've been looking around at various tools for automation of software deployment to a bunch of servers, like cfengine, Puppet, and Chef. So far, Puppet looks the most appealing, but I've certainly not committed to anything yet. These tools all look like they can do a great job of keeping a bunch of servers up-to-date with prepackaged software. What I don't get is: how does one use a tool (like Puppet) to manage deployments of our own internal software? I think I'm at a loss because I've seen a thousand tutorials showing how to keep Apache ensure => latest (which is pretty cool), but nothing that quite corresponds to my use-case today, which is something more like: when a human being pushes The Button, pull branch A from the version-control repository B run command C to compile it copy the binaries D to servers E1 through E10 on each server, run command F to make all changes take effect Puppet sounds great, and I totally see the advantage of declarative, idempotent configuration over some shell scripts, but I've not seen any tutorials for "you want to update your shell scripts to Puppet (or Chef, or cfengine) so here's what you should do". Is there such a thing? Is it obvious to other people how to take the things provided in the Puppet docs and replicate the behavior I want? Am I just not getting it? What it's sounding like to me, so far, is that the human being (#1) would manually package the software (#2 and #3) external to Puppet, manually update the Puppet config, which would trigger Puppet to update the servers ... maybe? (I'm a little confused here, as I'm sure you can tell.) Thanks!

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• In Icinga (Nagios), how do I configure hosts with multiple IPs?

  - by gertvdijk

  I'm setting up Icinga (Nagios fork) and I have some machines with multiple interfaces. Some services are only listening on one of them and to check them correctly, I like to know if it's possible to have multiple IP addresses configured for a single host in Icinga. Here's a minimal example: Remote Server: eth0: 1.2.3.4 (public IP) eth1: 10.1.2.3 (private IP, secure tunnel) Apache listening on 1.2.3.4:80. (public only) OpenSSH listening on 10.1.2.3:22. (internal network only) Postfix SMTP listening on 0.0.0.0:25 (all interfaces) Icinga Server: eth0: 10.2.3.4 (private IP, internet access) Now if I define a host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1 alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 10.1.2.3 } This will not check the HTTP status correctly. And defining an additional host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1-public alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 1.2.3.4 } will check everything, but shows up as two independent hosts. Now I want to 'aggregate' these two hosts to show up as a single host, yet providing an easy configuration to check the services on their proper address. What is the most elegant number-of-configuration-lines-saving solution to this? I read about several plugins available to workaround this, but I can't figure out what is the current way to address it. Solutions go back to 2003, but I'm running Icinga 1.7.1, already capable of the address6 option, yet that triggers IPv6-only resolving on the hostname... Ideally, I wish to configure Icinga to be intelligent enough to know that the Postfix instance running on 10.1.2.3:25 is the same as 1.2.3.4:25 and thus not triggering two alarms. I guess this must have been tackled before and sysadmins have it set up now. Please share your solution to this. Thanks! :)

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• plesk: how to configure reverse proxy rules properly?

  - by rvdb

  I'm trying to configure reverse proxy rules in vhost.conf. I have Apache-2.2.8 on Ubuntu-8.04, monitored by Plesk-10.4.4. What I'm trying to achieve is defining a reverse proxy rule that defers all traffic to -say- http://mydomain/tomcat/ to the Tomcat server running on port 8080. I have mod_rewrite and mod_proxy loaded in Apache. As far as I understand mod_proxy docs, entering following rules in /var/www/vhosts/mydomain/conf/vhost.conf should work: <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyRequests off RewriteRule ^/tomcat/(.*)$ http://mydomain:8080/$1 [P] Yet, I am getting a HTTP 500: internal server error when requesting above URL. (Note: I decided to use a rewrite rule in order to at least get some information logged.) I have made mod_rewrite log extensively, and find following entries in the logs [note: due to a limitation of max. 2 URLs in posts of new users, I have modified all following URLs so that they only contain 1 slash after http:. In case you're suspecting typos: this was done on purpose): 81.241.230.23 - - [19/Mar/2012:16:42:59 +0100] [mydomain/sid#b06ab8][rid#1024af8/initial] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /tomcat/testApp/ 81.241.230.23 - - [19/Mar/2012:16:42:59 +0100] [mydomain/sid#b06ab8][rid#1024af8/initial] (3) applying pattern '^/tomcat/(.*)$' to uri '/tomcat/testApp/' 81.241.230.23 - - [19/Mar/2012:16:42:59 +0100] [mydomain/sid#b06ab8][rid#1024af8/initial] (2) rewrite '/tomcat/testApp/' - 'http:/mydomain:8080/testApp/' 81.241.230.23 - - [19/Mar/2012:16:42:59 +0100] [mydomain/sid#b06ab8][rid#1024af8/initial] (2) forcing proxy-throughput with http:/mydomain:8080/testApp/ 81.241.230.23 - - [19/Mar/2012:16:42:59 +0100] [mydomain/sid#b06ab8][rid#1024af8/initial] (1) go-ahead with proxy request proxy:http:/mydomain:8080/testApp/ [OK] This suggests that the rewrite and proxy part is processed ok; still the proxied request produces a 500 error. Yet: Addressing the testApp directly via http:/mydomain:8080/testApp does work. The same setup does work on my local computer. Is there something else (Plesk-related, perhaps?) I should configure? Many thanks for any pointers! Ron

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• Building vs buying a server for an academic lab [closed]

  - by Roy

  I'm looking for advice on the classic build vs buy question. We need a new linux server to run Matlab computation on in our lab (academic). Matlab parallel computing toolbox licence allows up to 12 local workers so we are aiming at a 12 core server with 4GB memory per core (total of 48gb). The system will have an SSD for the OS and a raid-5 (4x2tb) for data. I looked around and found a (relatively) cheap vendor, Silicon Mechanics, that offers a system to our liking (specs below) for $6732. However, buying the components from newegg cost only $4464! The difference is $2268 which is 50% of the base cost. If buying from a company can be thought of as a sort of insurance, basically my premiums are of 50% of the base cost which to me sounds like a lot. Of course any downtime is bad, but the work is not "mission critical", i.e. if it takes a few days to fix it when it breaks its no the end of the world. If it takes weeks to months then its a problem. If it breaks 2-3 times in 3 years, not too bad. If it breaks every month not good. In term of build experience, I set up a linux cluster in grad school (from existing computers) and I build my home pcs but I never built a server before. The server components I'm thinking about: 1 x SUPERMICRO SYS-7046T-6F 4U Tower Server Barebone Dual LGA 1366 Intel 5520 DDR3 1333/1066/800 ($1,050) 12 x Kingston 4GB 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1333 (PC3 10600) ECC Unbuffered Server Memory ($420) 2 x Intel Xeon E5645 Westmere-EP 2.4GHz LGA 1366 80W Six-Core ($1,116) 4 x Seagate Constellation ES 2TB 7200 RPM SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" ($1,040) 1 x SAMSUNG Internal DVD Writer Black SATA ($20) 1 x Intel 520 Series 2.5" 180GB SATA III MLC SSD $300 1 x LSI LSI00281 PCI-Express 2.0 x8 MD2 Low profile SATA / SAS MegaRAID SAS 9260CV-4i Controller Card, $695

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• Manual NAT on Checkpoint (Redirect all http requests to a local web server)

  - by kulakli

  Hi, We have a proxy server in internal network and I want to redirect all internet http requests to a web server in local network. It'll be like a Network Billboard that say "No direct connection is available. Set up your proxy etc." For example: A user starts the computer Opens the browser Trys to open www.google.com Should see web server output on local network Trys another web site on internet Should see web server output on local network Sets up proxy Trys to connect to a web site Web site should be loaded I have added a simple manual NAT rule to address translation in Checkpoint firewall but it simply does not work. Here is my address translation rule Source Destination Service T.Source T.Destination T.Service MY_PC A_GOOGLE_IP ALL ORIGINAL INT_WEB_SRV ORIGINAL Then when I ping A_GOOGLE_IP, replies come from INT_WEB_SRV, as I expected. However, when I try to connect A_GOOGLE_IP from browser (http://A_GOOGLE_IP), No replies come from SYN_SENT and falls into timeout. When I look at the firewall log of INT_WEB_SRV, I can see the incoming connection requests from MY_PC is accepted and NO denies. By the way, there is no problem to see INT_WEB_SRV (http://INT_WEB_SRV) from browser. My understanding is, my nat rule at checkpoint NGX R60 does not include return packets. I definitely need some help. Regards, Burak

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• linux routing issue

  - by Duc To

  Hi! I have 2 linksys routers which has linux running on it and using tomato firmware.. both has internet lines plugged on but only 1 acts as DHCP server (router 1) What I am having to achieve is that all packets goes to router 1 from internal IPs want to access internet will go out to that internet line but from 1 specific port, if router 1 detects packets from a specific source port (for ex: http port: 80), it will redirect that packet to router 2 and goes out to the internet from there.. I have found some documents which give solution that I will need a linux servers with 2 ethernet cards and then we plug both internet lines on that server and routing base on it but I do not want to do that because my boss does not want to have an extra work mantaining that server, besides, he says that the router itself already a linux one so why.. I tend to agree his points.. Can it be done or a seperate linux server acting as a router is a must? Thank you all in advance and really look forward in your replies.. I am newbie to linux network and it seems to be something out of my capacity to solve :( Your sincerely! Duc To

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• How to Deploy an ASP.NET Web API- and Browser-based Application to a Production Environment [closed]

  - by lmttag

  Possible Duplicate: How to Deploy an ASP.NET Web API- and Browser-based Application to a Production Environment We have an ASP.NET Web API server that serves up a SQL Server data driven website. The API uses JSON to transfer data from SQL Server to the front end. We need to move it to an internal production environment (nothing will be exposed on the public Internet) and we’re having problems - or just not understanding what needs to be done. There are two domains: The corporate domain - where all users login normally. The process domain - contains the database the Web API needs to access. The IT staff wants to put a DMZ between the two domains to house the IIS app and shield the users on the corporate domain from having access into the process domain directly. The ideal configuration is: corp domain (end users) <–> firewall (open port 80) <–> DMZ (web server running IIS) <–> firewall (open port 80 or 1433????) <–> process domain (IIS for Web API and SQL Server) We don’t really understand how to deploy our browser/Web API application in this scenario. Do we need to break up our application so that all the client code is on the IIS server in the DMZ, while the Web API gets installed on the server in the process domain? Does the entire app (client code and Web API) stay together on the IIS server in the DMZ, which then somehow accesses the SQL Server instance to get data? From the IIS server and app in the DMZ, would you simply access the Web API on the server in the process domain by going to http://server/appname/api/getitmes? In the second firewall between the DMZ and the process domain, would you have to open port 1433 or just port 80 since the Web API is a HTTP endpoint? Or, is there some better way of deployment (i.e., how ASP.NET Web API single page applications written all in HTML5 and JavaScript supposed to be deployed to production environments?)? NB: The servers are Win2k8 R2, SQL Server 2k8 R2, and IIS 7.5.

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• Exchange 2010 Transport rules stepping on each other

  - by TopHat

  I have a group of users that I have to restrict email access for and so far using Exchange Transport Rules has worked very well. The problem I am having is that Rule 0 is supposed to bcc the email to a review mailbox but otherwise not change anything and Rule 9 is supposed to block the email and throw a custom NDR to tell the user why they were blocked. Here are my results in practice however. If Rule 0 is enabled and Rule 9 is enabled then only Rule 9 functions If Rule 0 is disabled and Rule 9 is enabled then Rule 9 functions If Rule 0 is enabled and Rule 9 is disabled then Rule 0 functions This is after the Transport Service has been restarted (multiple times actually). I have other rule pairs that work correctly. None of these are overlapping rulesets however. - copy email going to address outside domain and then block - copy email coming in from outside and then block Here is the rule for copying internal emails (Rule 0): Apply rule to messages from a member of Blind carbon copy (Bcc) the message to except when the message is sent to a member of or [email protected] Here is the rule to block the same email (rule 9): Apply rule to messages from a member of send 'Email to non-supervisors or managers has been prohibited. Please contact your supervisor for more information.' to sender with 5.7.420 except when the message is sent to , [email protected], The distribution group used for membership in these rules is used for the other blocking and copying rules and works as expected. Is there something I missed in this setup? All of the copy rules are at the front of the transport rule group and all the actual copies at at the end of the queue if that makes a difference. Any thoughts as to why the email doesn't get copied when it gets blocked?

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• Performance data collection for short-running, ephemeral servers

  - by ErikA

  We're building a medical image processing software stack, currently hosted on various AWS resources. As part of this application, we have a handful of long-running servers (database, load balancers, web application, etc.). Collecting performance data on those servers is quite simple - my go-to- recipe of Nagios (for monitoring/notifications) and Munin (for collection of performance data and displaying trends) will work just fine. However - as part of this application, we are constantly starting up and terminating compute instances on EC2. In typical usage, these compute instances start up, configure themselves, receive a job from a message queue, and then get to work processing that job, which takes anywhere from 15 minutes to over 8 hours. After job completion, these instances get terminated, never to be heard from again. What is a decent strategy for collecting performance data on these short-lived instances? I don't necessarily need monitoring on them - if they fail for whatever reason, our application will detect this and handle re-starting the job on another instance or raising the flag so an administrator can take a look at things. However, it still would be useful to collect information like CPU (user, idle, iowait, etc.), memory usage, network traffic, disk read/write data, etc. In our internal database, we track the instance ID of the machine that runs each job, and it would be quite helpful to be able to look up performance data for a specific instance ID for troubleshooting and profiling. Munin doesn't seem like a great candidate, as it requires maintaining a list of munin nodes in a text file - far from ideal for an environment with a high amount of churn, and for the short amount of time each node will be running, I'd rather keep the full-resolution data indefinitely than have RRD water down the data over time. In the end, my guess is that this will require a monitoring engine that: uses a database (MySQL, SQLite, etc.) for configuration and data storage exposes an API for adding/removing hosts and services Are there other things I should be thinking about when evaluating options? Perhaps I'm over-thinking this, though, and just ought to run sar at 1-minute intervals on these short-lived instances and collect the sar db files prior to termination.

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• Apache HTTP Server+Tomcat: Which file generates mod_jk.conf, how to modify generated stuff, and how does httpd reach it?

  - by Sk8erPeter

  I'm using XAMPP with Apache HTTP Server and Tomcat Add-On installed. There's a default mod_jk.conf which is generated by Tomcat when starting it. But which file generates this mod_jk.conf file? How can I modify default values? By default, it looks like this: pastebin - mod_jk.conf. How does Apache HTTP Server reach this file? I can't see any reference to this file when looking into httpd.conf. When I put a VirtualHost in my httpd.conf file, and I put the line JkMount /* ajp13 into it, Apache HTTP Server service can't start (causes a 7024 event id error in Event Viewer (with error code 1, but nothing specific), but puts no error messages into error.log. The VirtualHost looks like this: pastebin - VirtualHost + JkMount. This way Apache HTTP Server can not start. If I comment out the line JkMount /* ajp13, it starts without a problem. BUT if I put the following line, which is the same as in mod_jk.conf, before the mentioned VirtualHost again, the service can start! <IfModule !mod_jk.c LoadModule jk_module "C:/xampp/tomcat/xampp/apache/modules/mod_jk.so" </IfModule Why do I have to put this line in again? Why does that happen, that the http://localhost/example does work, so this query is redirected to AJP13, but I have to put the LoadModule line in again in another file? EDIT: I don't have a clue why, I surely modified something, but now /example doesn't work either... And the config above gives a 500 Internal Server Error... :S Thanks!

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