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• Need advise on choosing aws EC2

  - by Mayank

  I'm planning to host a website where in the first phase I would target 30,000 users. It is in php and runs on Apache server. I'm assuming 8,000 users can be online in worst case scenario and 1000 of them will be uploading photographs. A photograph will be resized to around 1MB at client side and one HTTP request is uploading only one photograph. My plan: 2 Small EC2 instances to run Apache httpd 2 Small EC2 instances to DB (Postgresql). I to write data and other its read replica. EBS volumes for DBs Last, Amazon S3 for uploaded photographs. My question here Is Small EC2 instance more than what I require. I mean should I go for micro Is 8000 simultaneous user a right no. (to decide what EC2 instance to choose) for a new website Or should I go for Small instance so to make it capable of spikes

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• How can I limit CloudFront downloads

  - by Alex Crouzen

  I'm looking to use Amazon's CloudFront to host some content in the near future. Currently, I'm keeping it very simple and I'm just uploading my content to S3 and then making a distribution available via Cloudfront. However, because I have a limited budget, I'd like to be able to limit the number of downloads or the money spent on bandwidth. As far as I can see, I can't set any quotas or budgets like you can in Google's App Engine, so I'm looking for another way of doing this. Has anyone had any experience doing this? One approach I'm thinking of is having to place a webserver with redirects in between, but that kind of defeats the simplicity of CF for me.

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• Spawn phone call from EC2 alerts

  - by Matt

  I have a system setup on AWS/EC2, it currently is using their CloudWatch alert system. The problem is this sends just to email, when ideally I would like this to be making a phone call and/or sending text messages to certain phone numbers when an alert fires (Note that I do not need the phone call to actually say anything, just call the person). We are trying to solve the problem that Amazon alerts are only useful if people are checking their email, which isnt always the case because all server problems love to happen at 4am on saturday... Please respond with any possible solutions/ideas, ideally I do not want to implement an entire monitoring system (IE: Nagios) on top of everything to handle this.

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• Can't star SSH on Ubuntu 12.10 AWS EC2

  - by Conor H

  So i've just started playing around with Ubuntu on Amazon EC2. I've just issued the following command to restart ssh but it has now "killed" ssh. sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart I can't seem to ssh to this instance anymore. Putty just gives me "connection refused". NOTE: In this case I just restarted SSH to see the result. I didn't change any settings. This was to confirm that it was the restart command was the problem and not any configs I made. What is the correct way to restart SSH? P.S. That usually works on other Ubuntu boxes. Thanks. EDIT: It is also worth noting that when I ran that command I was taken straight back to a prompt. I didn't get any output on the console.

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• Amazon S3 supporte CORS, la spécification ouvre les ressources de la plateforme Cloud aux applications Web

  Amazon S3 supporte CORS la spécification ouvre les ressources de la plateforme Cloud aux applications Web Amazon Web Services (AWS) a ajouté le support de la spécification CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) à sa plateforme Cloud Amazon S3. CORS est une norme qui offre aux développeurs la possibilité de créer des applications Web qui effectuent des demandes à des domaines autres que celui qui a fourni le contenu principal. L'intégration de CORS à Amazon S3 permet désormais de créer plus facilement des applications Web qui accèdent aux données stockées sur la plateforme Cloud. Les développeurs peuvent utiliser la spécification CORS pour créer des applications Web en JavaScript et ...

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• Which AMI should I use as a base for a Django application?

  - by Edan Maor

  I'm starting development of a Django application, on Amazon's Web Services. I'm looking to build an instance that will serve the Django. I don't have much experience with such things, having only used a shared host before (WebFaction). So I'm wondering, which AMI should I use as a base? I'm assuming I want an Ubuntu AMI, possibly with certain things like Apache pre-installed? One minor point: I'm planning to serve several different Django projects from the same instance. I use virtualenv on my dev machine right now to separate the different projects, I'm assuming I'll do the same on EC2. Thanks!

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• Copy/move EBS volume from one Region to another

  - by Gnanam

  Background of our setup: We've hosted our web-based application in Amazon EC2 US East (Virginia) Region. Our instance is based on Linux distribution (CentOS) and AMI is S3-backed. 1 EBS volume (400 GB size) is attached to this instance. Question: We've planned to migrate our deployment to US West (N. California) Region. From AWS doc, I understood that for moving AMI, there is a command-line tool available - ec2-migrate-bundle. But for moving EBS volume across Region, currently there is no tool available. I'm looking for easiest and/or fastest way of copying/moving EBS volume from one Region to another. Also, are there any hidden risks involved during and/or after the migration? Experts ideas/suggestions/recommendations on this are highly appreciated.

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• AWS RDS Timeout

  - by warder57

  I know next to nothing about networking/servers. So I'm assuming I'm missing something obvious. All of the resources I can find on this, either don't work or are outdated. I created a brand new AWS account on the free plan. I created a postgres RDS DB instance. I made sure that this RDS instance is set to publicly accessible. This RDS instance has the default VPC/Security Group settings. In order to connect to this DB from my local machine, I used pgadmin3 and followed the instructions provided on the AWS documentation page. Seen here: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_ConnectToPostgreSQLInstance.html I've double checked all of the information required to connect: Host: whatever.whatever.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com Port: 5432 Username: USERNAME Password: PASSWORD When I try to connect to the database, my connection fails due to a timeout. (During step 4 in the above guide.) Can anyone point me to whatever I am missing? Thanks in advance

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• RDS Replication across regions

  - by Bryan Migliorisi

  We are using Amazon AWS for our web services but given the recent instabilities in their infrastructure, we are trying to figure out how to run our application across multiple regions for additional redundancy. Ideally, we would run our entire app in a active-active configuration in multiple regions but our main concern is that we are using RDS, which I understand cannot replicate across regions. One possible solution (though we have not tried or proven it would work) would be to do mysqldump or EBS snapshots every hour or so but this would mean that we would be forced to run in an active-passive configuration. Our data would be at most an hour behind. This carries its own issues around data synchronization when we failover and the master comes back up, so its not the best solution. Are there any proven solutions for replicating RDS across regions?

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• Does setting an A record for a root domain set it (automatically) for subdomains?

  - by Edan Maor

  I bought a domain from Dreamhost, but my servers are actually running on Amazon's AWS. I have an Elastic IP, say 1.1.1.1. In the Dreamhost panel, I've added an A record for my domain name, pointing it to 1.1.1.1. My question is, are all subdomains (e.g. www.mydomain.com, a.mydomain.com, etc.) automatically mapped to 1.1.1.1 as well, because the root is? Or do I have to add separate rules for each subdomain?

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• How do you keep up with Nagios/Capistrano configs when using EC2?

  - by imaginative

  I use Amazon EC2 for my mobile app. Depending on load of the application at a given time, I might spawn new instances and then take them down when load is lower to save costs. How does one keep up with Nagios configurations for such a dynamic environment? When one deals with managed hardware, configuration files are predictable. In this case Nagios, Capistrano and a bunch of other configuration files would need to be added. Capistrano needs to know where to deploy a new build to for an app server. Nagios needs to know to remove an existing instance or add a new instance for monitoring. Nagios also needs to know if a node was intentionally taken down or if the host is down due to error. How is this done with the wonderful world of VPS/dynamic instances?

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• Why S3 website redirect location is not followed by CloudFront?

  - by ychaze

  I have a website hosted on Amazon S3. It is the new version of an old website hosted on WordPress. I have set up some files with the metadata Website Redirect Locationto handle old location and redirect them to the new website pages. For example: I had http://www.mysite.com/solution that I want to redirect to http://mysite.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/product.html So I created an empty file named solutioninside my bucket with the correct metadata: Website Redirect Location= /product.html The S3 redirect metadata is equivalent to a 301 Moved Permanentlythat is great for SEO. This works great when accessing the URL directly from S3 domain. I have also set up a CloudFront distribution based on the website bucket. And when I try to access through my distribution, the redirect does not work, ie: http://xxxx123.cloudfront.net/solution does not redirect but download the empty file instead. So my question is how to keep the redirection through the CloudFront distribution ? Or any idea on how to handle the redirection without deteriorate SEO ? Thanks

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• How to Architect a system on AWS for scaling (with a MySQL back-end)

  - by Edan Maor

  I'm trying to understand how to architect an Amazon Web Services application. As I understand it, the whole point of using something like AWS is to make the eventual scaling easier, so I'm trying to understand how to do that. I have an instance, running off of EBS (EBS-based instance, not a regular instance). My application (a Django app) uses MySQL as a back-end. So the question is, where am I supposed to install the MySQL? Do I install it on the same instance? In which case, as far as I can tell, I can't simply create more server instances from that image. Or am I supposed to simply spin up another server as a DB server, and run off of that? Thanks for any help!

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• How do I move *all* the installed software on my EC2 isntance to EBS?

  - by drhyde

  I got started with Eric Hammond's great article over at http://aws.amazon.com/articles/1663 where he goes through installing MySQL and configuring it to use EBS. I got that going. I also have a lot of other stuff installed on that EC2 instance: Rails, a bunch of gems, Nginx+Passenger and so on - my understanding is that unless I explicitly configure it to use EBS, all of this sits on the EC2 instance's ephemeral storage - right? How can I move all the software I have installed to EBS - or better yet how can I set up such that going forward also any new gems etc that I install also go to the EBS volume?

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• AWS EC2: how to compute the cost

  - by EsseTi

  i'm new to AWS, i'm using the free right not and it's terrific. Now, in 1yr the free expires. i went to the website http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/ where the pricing is but i didn't really get how to compute it. The price are in $ per Hours but i don't think that this means, if i need to have my application running 24h/365d i've to multiplay it for 8760, or do i have? because they write about usage, but how do i compute this value? if i've a website where people in total spend smt like 10 minutes a month and 1 where people spend 750hour a months i pay the same? i can't believe that is the same price. PS:if i've a scheduled task, does it affect the usage?

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• Backup Mongodb on EC2 through EBS snapshots - timing issue

  - by DmitrySemenov

  I'm following this guidance http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tutorial/backup-and-restore-mongodb-on-amazon-ec2/ I have 4 EBS 1000 IOPS volumes assigned to instance These 4 volumes through MDADM assembled into software RAID10 array. I want to do backups through EBS Snapshots as explained in the article above Question: Mongodb says - that I need to mongo shelldb.runCommand({fsync:1,lock:1}); -- this will lock the db for writing ....run snapshot creation... mongo shell db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne(); -- this will unlock the db for writing so do I need to unlock the DB for writing after I issued the comand ec2-create-snapshot or after it's finished and the actual snapshot is created thanks, Dmitry

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• Mobile (Client) to Amazon S3 (Server) - Architecture

  - by wasabii

  let's start off with the problem statement: My iOS application has a login form. When the user logs in, a call is made to my API and access granted or denied. If access was granted, I want the user to be able to upload pictures to his account and/or manage them. As storage I've picked Amazon S3, and I figured it'd be a good idea to have one bucket called "myappphotos" for instance, which contains lots of folders. The folder names are hashes of a user's email and a secret key. So, every user has his own, unique folder in my Amazon S3 bucket. Since I've just recently started working with AWS, here's my question: What are the best practices for setting up a system like this? I want the user to be able to upload pictures directly to Amazon S3, but of course I cannot hard-code the access key. So I need my API to somehow talk to Amazon and request an access token of sorts - only for the particular folder that belongs to the user I'm making the request for. Can anyone help me out and/or guide me to some sources where a similar problem was addressed? Don't think I'm the first one and the amazon documentation is so extensive that I don't really know where to start looking. Thanks a lot!

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• Creating Signed URLs for Amazon CloudFront

  - by Zack

  Short version: How do I make signed URLs "on-demand" to mimic Nginx's X-Accel-Redirect behavior (i.e. protecting downloads) with Amazon CloudFront/S3 using Python. I've got a Django server up and running with an Nginx front-end. I've been getting hammered with requests to it and recently had to install it as a Tornado WSGI application to prevent it from crashing in FastCGI mode. Now I'm having an issue with my server getting bogged down (i.e. most of its bandwidth is being used up) due to too many requests for media being made to it, I've been looking into CDNs and I believe Amazon CloudFront/S3 would be the proper solution for me. I've been using Nginx's X-Accel-Redirect header to protect the files from unauthorized downloading, but I don't have that ability with CloudFront/S3--however they do offer signed URLs. I'm no Python expert by far and definitely don't know how to create a Signed URL properly, so I was hoping someone would have a link for how to make these URLs "on-demand" or would be willing to explain how to here, it would be greatly appreciated. Also, is this the proper solution, even? I'm not too familiar with CDNs, is there a CDN that would be better suited for this?

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• Amazon S3 and swfaddress

  - by justinbach

  I recently migrated a large AS3 site (lots of swfs, lots of flvs) to Amazon S3. Pretty much everything but HTML and JS files is being stored/served from Amazon, and it's working well. The only problem I'm having is that I built the site using SWFaddress (actually, via the Gaia framework which uses SWFaddress), and for some reason, SWFaddress is no longer updating the address bar correctly as users navigate from page to page. In other words, the URL persistently remains http://www.mysite.com, not http://www.mysite.com/#/section as would be the case were SWFaddress functioning correctly (and as it was functioning prior to the migration). Stranger yet, if I go to (e.g.) http://www.mysite.com/#/section directly, the deeplinking functions as you'd expect--I arrive directly at the correct section. However, navigating away from that section doesn't have any effect on the address bar, despite the fact that it should be dynamically updated. I've got a crossdomain.xml file set up on the site that allows access from all domains, so that's not the issue, and I don't know what else might be. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated! P.S. I integrated S3 by putting pretty much the entire site in an S3 bucket and then just changing the initial swfobject embed to point to the S3 instance of main.swf, passing in the S3 path as the "base" param to the embedded swf so that all dynamically loaded assets and swfs would also be sourced from s3. Dunno if that's related to the troubles I'm having.

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• High mysql server load, sar output

  - by eric

  I have a MySQL Server that should be performing better than it seems to be. We're running ubuntu on a Amazon Cluster Compute (cc1.4xlarge) Linux ip-10-0-1-60 3.2.0-25-virtual #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 22:20:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise I have several output files from sar that i'm not really sure how to interpret. For example, I ran: # Individual block device I/O activities sar -d 1 180 > logs/block_device_io.log & which gave me what looks like really high utilisation of my disk (turns out this block device maps to /dev/xvdh on /var/lib/mysql type ext4 (rw,_netdev) The output from my log: 10:48:59 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 10:49:00 PM dev202-16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-112 1008.00 31040.00 1416.00 32.20 1.02 1.01 0.89 90.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Am I wrong in thinking this is a problem? I have it above 90% almost the entire time we're seeing slowness. Or does this just mean MySQL is doing what it's supposed to do?

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• Why is uploading to S3 so slow?

  - by Tom Marthenal

  I am using s3cmd to upload to S3: # s3cmd put 1gb.bin s3://my-bucket/1gb.bin 1gb.bin -> s3://my-bucket/1gb.bin [1 of 1] 366706688 of 1073741824 34% in 371s 963.22 kB/s I am uploading from Linode, which has an outgoing bandwidth cap of 50 Mb/s according to support (roughly 6 MB/s). Why am I getting such slow upload speeds to S3, and how can I improve them? Update: Uploading the same file via SCP to an m1.medium EC2 instance (SCP from my Linode to the instance's EBS drive) gives about 44 Mb/s according to iftop (any compression done by the cipher is not a factor). Traceroute: Here's a traceroute to the server it's uploading to (according to tcpdump). # traceroute s3-1-w.amazonaws.com. traceroute to s3-1-w.amazonaws.com. (72.21.194.32), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 207.99.1.13 (207.99.1.13) 0.635 ms 0.743 ms 0.723 ms 2 207.99.53.41 (207.99.53.41) 0.683 ms 0.865 ms 0.915 ms 3 vlan801.tbr1.mmu.nac.net (209.123.10.9) 0.397 ms 0.541 ms 0.527 ms 4 0.e1-1.tbr1.tl9.nac.net (209.123.10.102) 1.400 ms 1.481 ms 1.508 ms 5 0.gi-0-0-0.pr1.tl9.nac.net (209.123.11.62) 1.602 ms 1.677 ms 1.699 ms 6 equinix02-iad2.amazon.com (206.223.115.35) 9.393 ms 8.925 ms 8.900 ms 7 72.21.220.41 (72.21.220.41) 32.610 ms 9.812 ms 9.789 ms 8 72.21.222.141 (72.21.222.141) 9.519 ms 9.439 ms 9.443 ms 9 72.21.218.3 (72.21.218.3) 10.245 ms 10.202 ms 10.154 ms 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * * The latency looks reasonable, at least until the server stopped responding to ping requests.

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• Openfire on EC2 with Jingle

  - by Bjorn Roche

  I would like to run Openfire (or another XMPP server) on EC2. At the moment this is just for testing, so easy setup and configuration are important, as is low cost. At some point, however, if things go well, it will be important to scale this. Ideally, it would be nice to not have to switch software when the scaling happens, but if a switch needs to happen later it certainly can. My requirements are: basic XMPP services, including muc and pubsub. Logins controlled from an external API. Preferably, when a user attempts to connect, the XMPP server checks with the api to see if their username and password are correct, but I can also have the API keep the XMPP server up to date on new users, deleted users, pasword changes and so on. I see Openfire has a "user service" API. Not ideal, but it looks workable. Jingle, including relay and STUN. It's not at all clear to me if the Jingle Nodes plugin takes care of this. I'm a bit confused about what's required to set this up, and I'd rather know in advance than be confused along the way :). eg It seems like STUN servers require more than one IP address. Can Openfire do all this for me, including stun and media relay on a single machine? Is this hard to configure on EC2 with Openfire? What are the basic steps? Would this be easier with something else like, say Tigase? What about database? Should I use amazon's database service, or run a db on the same machine? Would the server be compatible with a service like http://www.siteuptime.com/ Thanks!

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• How do I configured postfix and to use SES, and still be able to forward email from unverified external addresses?

  - by Jeff

  We are using postfix for email group lists (eg "[email protected]" will go to all members) from Amazon EC2 systems. For a variety of reasons (scalability and reliability) we would like to use SES for all outgoing emails. I was able to configure postfix to use SES as the SMTP for outgoing emails. This works fine for all verified emails. But of course, when an outsider emails me at "[email protected]", it chokes. Postfix is configured to forward to my gmail account (via the virtual table), the SES rejects it because the outside user is not verified. So none of our mailing groups configured through postfix will work this way. I would be happy to rewrite all "From" addresses before sending (and simply leave the Reply To as the original sender), but I cannot seem to find a working configuration. No matter what I set in canonical or generic regexps, SES seems to reject all forwarded emails. Surely somebody must have configured postfix with SES to handle virtual addresses? How does this work?

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• CDN Rerouting on 404 (file not yet in synch with original storage)

  - by Alan Ristic

  Here is the problem. I've setup my app(on EC2) to store uploaded images directly on Amazon S3. I'd like to be able to serve static files(cdn) from my 'home' server so I wrote script that does sync from S3. But there is a window of (at least) one minute in synch. Now I see two solutions on the problem of pics not been available on 'home' server here: 1.I write script on EC2 (where the app resides) to fetch from DB pics that have status of "not-yet-synch", which is default state when user uploads picture. The script then does a ping to picture and if it gets OK response, updates DB from "not-yet-synch" to "synch". 2.Prefered solution would be to let apache (in this case) redirect request for an image if it sees 404 (e.g. doesent find image requested) to S3. This way I wouldn't need script from solution 1. So what approach do you suggest I take in solving this redundancy problem? Or what is practice in production environments? To further clarify; I'd like so serve images first from 'home' server, if that fails serve them from S3. Tnx, Alan

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• Cloudfront - How to invalidate objects in a distribution that was transformed from secured to public?

  - by Gil

  The setting I have an Amazon Cloudfront distribution that was originally set as secured. Objects in this distribution required a URL signing. For example, a valid URL used to be of the following format: https://d1stsppuecoabc.cloudfront.net/images/TheImage.jpg?Expires=1413119282&Signature=NLLRTVVmzyTEzhm-ugpRymi~nM2v97vxoZV5K9sCd4d7~PhgWINoTUVBElkWehIWqLMIAq0S2HWU9ak5XIwNN9B57mwWlsuOleB~XBN1A-5kzwLr7pSM5UzGn4zn6GRiH-qb2zEoE2Fz9MnD9Zc5nMoh2XXwawMvWG7EYInK1m~X9LXfDvNaOO5iY7xY4HyIS-Q~xYHWUnt0TgcHJ8cE9xrSiwP1qX3B8lEUtMkvVbyLw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAI7F5R77FFNFWGABC The distribution points to an S3 bucket that also used to be secured (it only allowed access through the cloudfront). What happened At some point, the URL singing expired and would return a 403. Since we no longer need to keep the same security level, I recently changed the setting of the cloudfront distribution and of the S3 bucket it is pointing to, both to be public. I then tried to invalidate objects in this distribution. Invalidation did not throw any errors, however the invalidation did not seem to succeed. Requests to the same cloudfront URL (with or without the query string) still return 403. The response header looks like: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: CloudFront Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 15:16:08 GMT Content-Type: text/xml Content-Length: 110 Connection: keep-alive X-Cache: Error from cloudfront Via: 1.1 3abf650c7bf73e47515000bddf3f04a0.cloudfront.net (CloudFront) X-Amz-Cf-Id: j1CszSXz0DO-IxFvHWyqkDSdO462LwkfLY0muRDrULU7zT_W4HuZ2B== Things I tried I tried to set another cloudfront distribution that points to the same S3 as origin server. Requests to the same object in the new distribution were successful. The question Did anyone encounter the same situation where a cloudfront URL that returns 403 cannot be invalidated? Is there any reason why wouldn't the object get invalidated? Thanks for your help!

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