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• Need data on disk drive management by OS: getting base I/O unit size, “sync” option, Direct Memory A

  - by Richard T

  Hello All, I want to ensure I have done all I can to configure a system's disks for serious database use. The three areas I know of (any others?) to be concerned about are: I/O size: the database engine and disk's native size should either match, or the database's native I/O size should be a multiple of the disk's native I/O size. Disks that are capable of Direct Memory Access (eg. IDE) should be configured for it. When a disk says it has written data persistently, it must be so! No keeping it in cache and lying about it. I have been looking for information on how to ensure these are so for CENTOS and Ubuntu, but can't seem to find anything at all! I want to be able to check these things and change them if needed. Any and all input appreciated.

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• Unit tests for deep cloning

  - by Will Dean

  Let's say I have a complex .NET class, with lots of arrays and other class object members. I need to be able to generate a deep clone of this object - so I write a Clone() method, and implement it with a simple BinaryFormatter serialize/deserialize - or perhaps I do the deep clone using some other technique which is more error prone and I'd like to make sure is tested. OK, so now (ok, I should have done it first) I'd like write tests which cover the cloning. All the members of the class are private, and my architecture is so good (!) that I haven't needed to write hundreds of public properties or other accessors. The class isn't IComparable or IEquatable, because that's not needed by the application. My unit tests are in a separate assembly to the production code. What approaches do people take to testing that the cloned object is a good copy? Do you write (or rewrite once you discover the need for the clone) all your unit tests for the class so that they can be invoked with either a 'virgin' object or with a clone of it? How would you test if part of the cloning wasn't deep enough - as this is just the kind of problem which can give hideous-to-find bugs later?

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• Why does 12.04 upgrade abort with out of space error when I have lots of it?

  - by Kristian Thomsen

  When upgrading Ubuntu from 11.10 to 12.04 I discovered an unexpected problem. The upgrade was stopped because there wasn't enough free space for the installation. I managed to free some space and do the upgrade but now a prompt appears after logging in saying I'm out of space. This prompt asks me if I want to examine the problem. The "Disk Usage Analyser" is opened. In the top it says: Total filesystem capacity: 47.0 GB (used: 13.5 GB available: 33.4 GB) Folder -- Usage -- Size / -- 100% -- 12.5 GB usr -- 44.8 % -- 5.6 GB home -- 30.3 % -- 3.8 GB lib -- 13.0 % -- 1.6 GB var -- 9.1 % -- 1.1 GB boot 2.5 % 309.5 GB and a lot of small contributors like: etc, opt, sbin, bin etc. I do not really understand this problem since the analyser in the top says that I have 33.4 GB left in this file system. What can I do to make Ubuntu use the remaining space? Running df -i in the terminal gives: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda7 610800 576874 33926 95% / udev 213451 563 212888 1% /dev tmpfs 218524 486 218038 1% /run none 218524 3 218521 1% /run/lock none 218524 7 218517 1% /run/shm /dev/sda8 2264752 16371 2248381 1% /home The output of df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda7 9,3G 7,8G 1,1G 88% / udev 993M 4,0K 993M 1% /dev tmpfs 401M 884K 400M 1% /run none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock none 1003M 152K 1002M 1% /run/shm /dev/sda8 35G 4,0G 29G 13% /home /dev/sda2 101G 64G 37G 64% /media/A2C8E28BC8E25CD3 Running sudo fdisk -l gives Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000080 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 96389 48163+ de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 98304 210434488 105168092+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 210436094 312576704 51070305+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 306279288 312576704 3148708+ dd Unknown /dev/sda6 210436096 214341631 1952768 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda7 214343680 233873407 9764864 83 Linux /dev/sda8 233875456 306278399 36201472 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order

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• Read only file system error on ubuntu after partitioning

  - by Ranjith R

  I am not sure if I am the root cause of this problem but this is what I did: I wanted latest ubuntu and latest linux mint together on my thinkpad laptop. Windows 7 was already there. I already had mint. So I put in the USB with ubuntu image and started installing ubuntu. I chose to install side by side. It was taking a long time to finish defragmenting and partitioning. I decided to give up as I became a little impatient and I pressed the skip button. After the skipping, I realized that the partitioning was complete and went ahead with installing ubuntu. Now the linux mint OS starts reporting the file system as read only at least once every day and I have restart and tell the OS to fix errors in hard disk. After I press F key, the system fixes the issues, restarts and all is well again. Is there some way to fix the issue permanently. I think reinstalling will solve the issues, but I can not do it as I have a lot of data and I will have reinstall and configure a lot of softwares that I use daily. I checked the smart check in disk utility and the hard disk seems to be fine Also I checked both the partitions for errors with disk utility and the report says they are fine. Is there something I can do before I reinstall?

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• How do I throttle a command in a terminal window?

  - by To Do

  I needed to run convert with a lot of images at the same time. The command took quite a while but this doesn't bother me. The issue is that this command rendered my computer unusable while the command was running (for about 15 minutes). So is it possible to throttle the command by limiting resources (processor and memory) to the command, directly from the command line? This can only work if I add something to the same line before pressing Enter because once I start the process the computer slows so much that it is impossible for example to switch to "System monitor" and reduce priority. Edit: top and iotop results I managed to run top and sudo iotop >iotop.txt while doing one of these convert operations. (The iotop.txt file produced is difficult to read) Results of top: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 14275 username 20 0 4043m 3.0g 1448 D 7.0 80.4 0:16.45 convert Results of iotop: [?1049h[1;24r(B[m[4l[?7h[?1h=[39;49m[?25l[39;49m(B[m[H[2JTotal DISK READ: 1269.04 K/s | Total DISK WRITE:[59G0.00 B/s (B[0;7m TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN(B[0;1;7m IO(B[0;7m COMMAND [3;2H(B[m2516 be/4 username 350.08 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % zeitgeist-datahub 7394 be/4 username 568.88 K/s 0.00 B/s 77.41 % 0.00 % --rendere~.530483991[5;1H14275 idle username 350.08 K/s 0.00 B/s 37.49 % 0.00 % convert S~f test.pdf[6;2H2048 be/4 root[6;24H0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/3:2] [5G1 be/4 root[7;24H0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init Furthermore, even after the process ends, the computer does not return to the previous performance. I found a way around this by running sudo swapoff -a followed by sudo swapon -a

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• Sysprep without audit mode?

  - by askvictor

  In preparing a (windows 7) machine for cloning, does one need to run it in audit mode before installing/customising? I have a customised machine I would like to sysprep and clone, without having to re-create in audit mode. And from where does one run sysprep? Is the command included in the windows distro, or do I need to run it from the AIK, or from a PE environment?

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• Cannot Mount USB 3.0 Hard Disk ?!!

  - by Tenken

  Hi, I have a USB 3.0 external hard disk which I am unable to mount. The entry appears in the "lsusb" command, but I do not exactly understand how to mount it. This is the output for my lsusb command. "ASMedia Technology Inc." is the USB 3.0 device. I would appreciate some help in mounting and accessing the hard disk. This the relevant output of my "lsusb -v" : Bus 009 Device 002: ID 174c:5106 ASMedia Technology Inc. Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x174c ASMedia Technology Inc. idProduct 0x5106 bcdDevice 0.01 iManufacturer 2 ASMedia iProduct 3 AS2105 iSerial 1 00000000000000000000 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk (Zip) iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.10 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0001 Self Powered Bus 009 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 3.00 bDeviceClass 9 Hub bDeviceSubClass 0 Unused bDeviceProtocol 3 bMaxPacketSize0 9 idVendor 0x1d6b Linux Foundation idProduct 0x0003 3.0 root hub bcdDevice 2.06 iManufacturer 3 Linux 2.6.35-28-generic xhci_hcd iProduct 2 xHCI Host Controller iSerial 1 0000:04:00.0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 25 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xe0 Self Powered Remote Wakeup MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 9 Hub bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused bInterfaceProtocol 0 Full speed (or root) hub iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0004 1x 4 bytes bInterval 12 Hub Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 41 nNbrPorts 4 wHubCharacteristic 0x0009 Per-port power switching Per-port overcurrent protection TT think time 8 FS bits bPwrOn2PwrGood 10 * 2 milli seconds bHubContrCurrent 0 milli Ampere DeviceRemovable 0x00 PortPwrCtrlMask 0xff Hub Port Status: Port 1: 0000.0100 power Port 2: 0000.0100 power Port 3: 0000.0503 highspeed power enable connect Port 4: 0000.0503 highspeed power enable connect Device Status: 0x0003 Self Powered Remote Wakeup Enabled This is the error given when I try to mount the hard drive: shinso@shinso-IdeaPad:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt [sudo] password for shinso: mount: /dev/sdb: unknown device This the output of "dmesg|tail": [30062.774178] Either the lower file is not in a valid eCryptfs format, or the key could not be retrieved. Plaintext passthrough mode is not enabled; returning -EIO [30535.800977] usb 9-4: USB disconnect, address 3 [30659.237342] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region [30659.237351] Either the lower file is not in a valid eCryptfs format, or the key could not be retrieved. Plaintext passthrough mode is not enabled; returning -EIO [31259.268310] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region [31259.268313] Either the lower file is not in a valid eCryptfs format, or the key could not be retrieved. Plaintext passthrough mode is not enabled; returning -EIO [31860.059058] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region [31860.059062] Either the lower file is not in a valid eCryptfs format, or the key could not be retrieved. Plaintext passthrough mode is not enabled; returning -EIO [32465.220590] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region [32465.220593] Either the lower file is not in a valid eCryptfs format, or the key could not be retrieved. Plaintext passthrough mode is not enabled; returning -EIO I am using Ubuntu 10.10 (64 bit). Any help is appreciated.

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• Not enough free disk space

  - by carmatt95

  I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm getting an error in software updater. When I try and do my daily updates, it says: The upgrade needs a total of 25.3 M free space on disk /boot. Please free at least an additional 25.3 M of disk space on /boot. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using sudo apt-get clean. I tried typing in sudo apt-get clean into the terminal but I still get the message. All of the pages I read seem to be for experianced Ubuntuers. Any help would be appreciated. I'm running Ubuntu 12.10. I want to upgrade to 13.04 but understand I have to finish these first. EDIT: @Alaa, This is the output from typing in cat /etc/fstab into the terminal: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=fa55c082-112d-4b10-bcf3-e7ffec6cebbc /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 915G 27G 842G 4% / udev 984M 4.0K 984M 1% /dev tmpfs 397M 1.1M 396M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 992M 1.8M 990M 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 228M 222M 0 100% /boot matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image: ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic 3.5.0-18.29 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic 3.5.0-19.30 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-21-generic 3.5.0-21.32 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-22-generic 3.5.0-22.34 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-23-generic 3.5.0-23.35 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-24-generic 3.5.0-24.37 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-25-generic 3.5.0-25.39 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic 3.5.0-26.42 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic 3.5.0-28.48 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

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• Which is the fastest way to scan files in FAT32 disk?

  - by sxingfeng

  I want to scan FAT32 disk as soon as possible in C++, Scan every files on FAT32 disk. Is there any API to do this? Many thanks!

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• Ubuntu boot hangs on "Attached scsi removable disk"

  - by user115253

  My Ubuntu hangs at boot with message "Attached scsi removable disk". When I boot with param acpi=off, system boots fine. I'm booting from harddrive, not from usb device. I managed to locate source of this problem to the external card reader & usb hub, into which I have connected external keyboard and mouse. If i disconnect it (whole card reader & usb hub), system boots fine. Could you suggest any way to boot successfully without adding acpi=off or disconnecting hub&reader before booting? Output of dmesg after successful boot with acpi=off: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1445812/ Bootrepair generated infos: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1426055/

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• Cannot boot from USB disk with "not a COM32R image" error

  - by Siva Prasad Varma

  After installing 11.10 on my Dell Studo 15 (Model 1557) laptop, it started to overheat. Recently it even shutdown twice saying that critical temperature has reached even when I was just idling (not even a single program was open except for Firefox). After learning that it is a problem with 3.0.0 kernel I decided to roll back to 10.04 LTS. I have downloaded the most recent 10.04 iso from ubuntu.com and created a live USB using startup disk creator in 11.10. But when I am trying to boot from USB I am getting the following error vesamenu.c32: not a COM32R image I have installed ubuntu from usb stick a couple of dozen times before this and I think it is not a problem with my hardware. Please tell me what to do.

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• How to fix the boot loader with an installation disk at hand

  - by Bragboy

  Hi, I recently messed up my Master Boot Record and my system is not booting. I was dual booting Windows and Ubuntu. Both of them are not loading now. I don't care if I lose my windows, but I want my Ubuntu back!! How to get it (I have a fresh Ubuntu 10.10 LTS disk with me). I went through the install wizard but feared that I may loose my existing installation/setup. Thats why I came here to check what is the ideal procedure to only update the Boot record instead of a full installation.

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• Best practices for periodically saving game state to disk

  - by Ben Morris

  I'm working on an MMO. All of the player and environment data lives on a server and is kept in memory. There's a "world" object which keeps track of all of the maps, characters, etc. and their relations to each other. To avoid data loss in case of a crash, I've been periodically serializing the world to disk. The trouble is, this object can be quite large, so when the server starts writing, there's noticeable in-game slowdown for a few seconds, which I'd like to avoid. Any pointers on how to go about this in a more efficient way?

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• External USB 3 drive not recognized

  - by ilan123

  Ubuntu 12.10 64 bit seems not to recognize my external hard disk. It is a Vantec NST-310S3 external disk enclosure with a WD 3TB drive. The disk has two NTFS partitions. My PC is a dual boot system. Under Windows 7 the hard disk works fine but I can't make it work with Ubuntu. When the drive is connected to the PC then the command sudo fdisk -l seems to hang forever. Below are the output of lsusb and cat /proc/partitions without the external drive and then with it connected. I added also the last lines of the dmesg command at the end. First without the drive: ilan@linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13ba:0017 Unknown PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0ac8:3420 Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Venus USB2.0 Camera ilan@linux:~$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 629043200 sda2 8 3 367001600 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 471859200 sda5 8 6 157286400 sda6 8 7 324115456 sda7 8 8 4101120 sda8 11 0 1048575 sr0 Second with the USB 3 drive: ilan@linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 004 Device 002: ID 174c:55aa ASMedia Technology Inc. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13ba:0017 Unknown PS/2 Keyboard+Mouse Adapter Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c50e Logitech, Inc. Cordless Mouse Receiver Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0ac8:3420 Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Venus USB2.0 Camera ilan@linux:~$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 629043200 sda2 8 3 367001600 sda3 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 471859200 sda5 8 6 157286400 sda6 8 7 324115456 sda7 8 8 4101120 sda8 11 0 1048575 sr0 8 16 2930266584 sdb ilan@linux:~$ lsusb -v -s 004:002 Bus 004 Device 002: ID 174c:55aa ASMedia Technology Inc. Couldn't open device, some information will be missing Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 3.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 9 idVendor 0x174c ASMedia Technology Inc. idProduct 0x55aa bcdDevice 1.00 iManufacturer 2 iProduct 3 iSerial 1 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 44 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes bInterval 0 bMaxBurst 15 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes bInterval 0 bMaxBurst 15 ilan@linux:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for ilan: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf1b4f1ee Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 1258293247 629043200 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1258293248 1992296447 367001600 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 1992298494 3907028991 957365249 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 1992298496 2936016895 471859200 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 2936018944 3250591743 157286400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 3250593792 3898824703 324115456 83 Linux /dev/sda8 3898826752 3907028991 4101120 82 Linux swap / Solaris dmesg output after connecting the external drive: [ 23.740567] e1000e: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 23.740786] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 49.144673] usb 4-1: >new SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 49.163039] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 49.166789] usb 4-1: >New USB device found, idVendor=174c, idProduct=55aa [ 49.166793] usb 4-1: >New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1 [ 49.166796] usb 4-1: >Product: AS2105 [ 49.166799] usb 4-1: >Manufacturer: ASMedia [ 49.166801] usb 4-1: >SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDEF [ 49.206372] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas [ 49.228891] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 49.229042] scsi6 : usb-storage 4-1:1.0 [ 49.229115] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 49.229116] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 64.045528] scsi 6:0:0:0: >Direct-Access WDC WD30 EZRX-00MMMB0 80.0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 64.046224] sd 6:0:0:0: >Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 64.046881] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). [ 64.047610] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] 5860533168 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 64.048368] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Write Protect is off [ 64.048373] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00 [ 64.048984] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 64.048987] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 64.049297] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). [ 64.050942] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 64.050944] sd 6:0:0:0: >[sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 94.245006] usb 4-1: >reset SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 94.262553] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 94.263805] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c00 [ 94.263808] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c40 [ 125.262722] usb 4-1: >reset SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd [ 125.280304] usb 4-1: >Parent hub missing LPM exit latency info. Power management will be impacted. [ 125.281511] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c00 [ 125.281516] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: >xHCI xhci_drop_endpoint called with disabled ep ffff8800d37d1c40

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• HTG Explains: Why You Only Have to Wipe a Disk Once to Erase It

  - by Chris Hoffman

  You’ve probably heard that you need to overwrite a drive multiple times to make the data unrecoverable. Many disk-wiping utilities offer multiple-pass wipes. This is an urban legend – you only need to wipe a drive once. Wiping refers to overwriting a drive with all 0’s, all 1’s, or random data. It’s important to wipe a drive once before disposing of it to make your data unrecoverable, but additional wipes offer a false sense of security. Image Credit: Norlando Pobre on Flickr HTG Explains: Learn How Websites Are Tracking You Online Here’s How to Download Windows 8 Release Preview Right Now HTG Explains: Why Linux Doesn’t Need Defragmenting

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• GRUB 2 Error : No such disk

  - by Chandra Sekhar

  I have gone through many pains to boot through my windows 7 partition. I had windows 7, then one fine day I installed Ubuntu and again formatted the partition where Ubuntu was installed only to find the my Windows does not boot(Probably corrupted MBR). I again installed Ubuntu later but the Grub could not detect windows. So I manually added windows by editing the file 40_custom. But when I select the win7 entry in the grub, it displays the error : no such disk. What do I do?? Additional Info : Ubuntu version : 11.10 x64|| Win 7 Home premium, 64 bit|| While in the process of debugging I once also came across the error : Sector 32 being in use by FlexNet.|| Strongly in need of booting my Win 7 without any formats or fresh OS installations. Thankful for any Diagnostics and Solutions to my problem.

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• Help slecting dedicated server with good disk I/O & network

  - by JP19

  Hi, I am looking for a cheap dedicated server. (I was earlier happy with VPS, untill I realized that the disk I/O is not at all reliable and depends on what your neighbours are upto at the moment). I was browsing through http://www.lowenddedi.net/the-database I don't understand memory speed and NIC speed columns at all. What will be their affect? Do I need to worry about them? Also, can someone help suggest a provider, with following criteria: 1) Good & reliable Network 2) Price <= $60/month. Thanks JP

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• KVM guest disk performance

  - by Alex

  My KVM guest does max. 200MB/s although the host does easily 700MB/s (Raid 0 with 4 SSDs). Configuration: File-based storage (raw), cache none. Host 24 cores, 96GB ram, Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS and virt-manager. I suspect the CPU to be the bottleneck (one core goes up during hdparm). Anyone experienced the same or has an explanation ? Edit: one more info: guest is the same as host (Ubuntu 12). Same poor disk performance observed with Windows 2008 R2 and Suse Enterprise Linux (9 or 10 I think). Max 1 guest running.

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• Computer refuses to boot either ubuntu disk I'm using

  - by xtraorange

  I'm attempting to set up an Amahi server, and thus have taken an older PC and wiped it clean using DBAN. I'm now in the process of installing Ubuntu, but for some reason the computer refuses to recognize either form of Ubuntu I throw at it, even though it recognizes the Windows XP CD fine. Things it can't be: Boot order - I've tripple checked A bad DVD - I've booted the live CD off of my Mac just fine. A drive issue - the drive boots other cd's just fine, I've tested both an XP and the ultimate boot disk for windows... they are booting fine. A drive conflict - I have unplugged the only hard drive, leaving the DVD drive alone, still no recognition. I've tried both Ubuntu 12 and an older Ubuntu 10 CD, it refuses to recognize either one. It's like my computer has decided it will have nothing to do with Ubuntu. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Preseed Ubuntu installation with full disk encryption

  - by user249264

  I am trying to set up Ubuntu full disk encryption using preseeding. I was able to set things up correctly following the preseed file presented here. But I do not want to provide the default password in the preseed file. Is there a way to let ubiquity fall to the screen that asks for the encryption passphrase just like it does when the username is not provided in the preseed file? When I try to leave the passphrase option empty in the preseed file, I get an error in the installer saying "An error occured while creating the keyfile".

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• How can I implement full disk encryption for a disk containing Ubuntu with plausible deniability?

  - by Rupert

  I would like to have a disk that: has Ubuntu installed is fully encrypted is setup in such a way as to make denial of the existence of the Ubuntu install plausible Truecrypt provides the last two features but only for Windows: http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=sys-encryption-supported-os The alternate installer for Ubuntu provides the first two features but not the last. I imagine that plausible deniability would be achieved by, at least: Having two installs of Ubuntu and 2 passphrases (or keyfiles) which would unencrypt each one. Moving any unencrypted data (such as /boot) onto a USB stick Are there any programs out there which support this feature set for Ubuntu?

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• 3TB non-boot hard disk on older motherboard

  - by Bcos

  It is time to expand the capacity of my Ubuntu home file server so I would like to purchase some 3TB hard disks. However, I am concerned with potential compatibility issues. I've tried searching around but I haven't found information which clearly addresses my particular situation. My server is running Ubuntu 10.04 on an Intel P35 chipset based system. The motherboard does not support UEFI (and, by extension, GPT?). However, Ubuntu does support 2TB disks. Will I be able to properly utilize these new disks, or does the motherboard limitation trump all else? The boot disk is <2TB and will not be updated nor am I dual-booting; these disks will be used strictly as slaves in a pure Ubuntu environment. I'd hate to pull the trigger on these new disks just to be unpleasantly surprised, so any feedback is appreciated. Thanks!

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• Empty Disk when trying to install dual-boot system

  - by Lambda Dusk

  I recently purchased an SSD to speed up my computer experience. Before, I had Windows 7 and Ubuntu in a dual-boot system. The plan was to install Windows 8 on the SSD and then set aside ~30GB for the system files of Ubuntu. I installed Windows 8 just fine on the SSD, then I booted the Ubuntu install CD to make my partitions like always - but GParted tells me the entire SSD is unallocated. Now I am afraid I will lose my Windows installation if I try to do anything to it. Why does GParted think there is no partition on the SSD? Shouldn't it be 4 Partitions, like the Windows installer told me? And is it possible to ignore this and install Ubuntu on the hard disk (where it, frankly, already is) and somehow make it possible to install GRUB on the SSD to revert my dual-boot system without damaging the installed Win8?

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• Make recovery disk for customers

  - by alexander7567

  I hear about other computer shops that sells customers recovery disks that they have created. I'm assuming all that they do is make a image and uses an automation script that allows this to be done. I have seen where clonezilla does this, but it has to be the same HDD size or they might have problems down the road. Is there any other freeware that I could do this with that allows you to use on any size disk. Ghost is really good for this because it automatically fills up empty space with the partition and never needs any user input or "Expert Mode" like clonezilla. But it is not freeware.

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• Cloning an element and adding it to Dom multiple times

  - by Praveen Prasad

  //I am cloning a dom element and inserting it in dom element multiple times <div class='toBeCloned'>some text</div> <div id='target'></div> var _clone=$('.toBeCloned').clone(true);//create clone var _target=$('#target'); //this is target _target.append(_clone); //append target _target.append(_clone); //append target _target.append(_clone); //append target //this should add 3 elements but it's adding only one

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