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  • How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented Design?

    - by Jonas
    How should I implement items that are normalized in the Database, in Object Oriented classes? In the database I have a big table of items and a smaller of groups. Each item belong to one group. This is how my database design look like: +----------------------------------------+ | Inventory | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | Id | Name | Price | Quantity | GroupId | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ | 43 | Box | 34.00 | 456 | 4 | | 56 | Ball | 56.50 | 3 | 6 | | 66 | Tin | 23.00 | 14 | 4 | +----+------+-------+----------+---------+ Totally 3000 lines +----------------------+ | Groups | +---------+------+-----+ | GroupId | Name | VAT | +---------+------+-----+ | 4 | Mini | 0.2 | | 6 | Big | 0.3 | +---------+------+-----+ Totally 10 lines I will use the OOP classes in a GUI, where the user can edit Items and Groups in the inventory. It should also be easy to do calculations with a bunch of items. The group information like VAT are needed for the calculations. I will write an Item class, but do I need a Group class? and if I need it, should I keep them in a global location or how do I access it when I need it for Item-calculations? Is there any design pattern for this case?

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  • is PHP itself transforming into a framework?

    - by Elzo Valugi
    At the beginning PHP was a scripting language. But after the introduction and improvement of OOP I see more and more objects added to the core. They started with SPL which grew a lot, now we have DOMDocument family, DateTime family which should be part of PECL, Pear or Zend Framework or implemented by each one of us. Shouldn't be php only for build-in functions and all these objects passed to something else? Example. DateTime class is part of the core and I see it very similar with Zend_Date.

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  • explaining $this->load->view()

    - by ajsie
    in a controller you can use this method to load a view. but i want to know behind the scenes here. im new to php and frameworks, but i’ve learned the basics of OOP. when $this-view() is made then the method in the current class or the parent class is used. but what does this mean: $this-load-view(). what is the intermediate load? is it a function or is it a property? where is it located? how could it contain view()? grateful for explanation.

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  • Creating An Utilities Class?

    - by Soo
    Hello SO, I'm very new to OOP and am trying my hardest to keep things strictly class based, while using good coding priciples. I'm a fair ways into my project now and I have a lot of general use methods I want to put into an utilities class. Is there a best way to create an utilities class? public class Utilities { int test; public Utilites() { } public int sum(int number1, int number2) { test = number1+number2; } return test; } After creating this Utilities class, do I just create an Utilities object, and run the methods of my choosing? Do I have this Utilities class idea correct?

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  • why do we have to send the const " type " reference instead of just the types name to the constructo

    - by hamza
    i m trying to make a simple program ( & yes , it is a homework ) that can generate Dates , & like most of normal people : i made my Class attributes private , i tried to send the same type that i m working on to the constructor but the complier have not accept it , i did some research & i found out that in cases like that people generously send a const "type" reference to the constructor witch meant to me that have not understand OOP well so why do we have to send the const " type " reference instead of just the types name to the constructor ? & please give me some links or websites for beginners PS : sorry for my English

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  • is PHP itself transforming into a framework or big library?

    - by Elzo Valugi
    At the beginning PHP was a scripting language. But after the introduction and improvement of OOP I see more and more objects added to the core. They started with SPL which grew a lot, now we have DOMDocument family, DateTime family which should be part of PECL, Pear or Zend Framework or implemented by each one of us. Shouldn't be php only for build-in functions and all these objects passed to something else? Example. DateTime class is part of the core and I see it very similar with Zend_Date.

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  • ideas for simple objects for day to day web-dev use?

    - by Joel
    Dang-I know this is a subjective question so will probably get booted off/locked, but I'll try anyway, because I don't know where else to ask (feel free to point me to a better place to ask this!) I'm just wrapping my head around oop with PHP, but I'm still not using frameworks or anything. I'd like to create several small simple objects that I could use in my own websites to better get a feel for them. Can anyone recommend a list or a resource that could point me to say 10 day-to-day objects that people would use in basic websites? The reason I'm asking is because I'm confusing myself a bit. For example, I was thinking of a "database connection" object, but then I'm just thinking that is just a function, and not really an "object"?? So the question is: What are some examples of objects used in basic PHP websites (not including "shopping cart" type websites) Thanks!

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  • Handling a binary operation that makes sense only for part of a hierarchy.

    - by usersmarvin_
    I have a hierarchy, which I'll simplify greatly, of implementations of interface Value. Assume that I have two implementations, NumberValue, and StringValue. There is an average operation which only makes sense for NumberValue, with the signature NumberValue average(NumberValue numberValue){ ... } At some point after creating such variables and using them in various collections, I need to average a collection which I know is only of type NumberValue, there are three possible ways of doing this I think: Very complicated generic signatures which preserve the type info in compile time (what I'm doing now, and results in hard to maintain code) Moving the operation to the Value level, and: throwing an unsupportedOperationException for StringValue, and casting for NumberValue. Casting at the point where I know for sure that I have a NumberValue, using slightly less complicated generics to insure this. Does anybody have any better ideas, or a recommendation on oop best practices?

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  • Overload and hide methods in Java

    - by Marco
    Hi, i have an abstract class BaseClass with a public insert() method: public abstract class BaseClass { public void insert(Object object) { // Do something } } which is extended by many other classes. For some of those classes, however, the insert() method must have additional parameters, so that they instead of overriding it I overload the method of the base class with the parameters required, for example: public class SampleClass extends BaseClass { public void insert(Object object, Long param){ // Do Something } } Now, if i instantiate the SampleClass class, i have two insert() methods: SampleClass sampleClass = new SampleClass(); sampleClass.insert(Object object); sampleClass.insert(Object object, Long param); what i'd like to do is to hide the insert() method defined in the base class, so that just the overload would be visible: SampleClass sampleClass = new SampleClass(); sampleClass.insert(Object object, Long param); Could this be done in OOP?

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  • I'm a PHP programmer, how easy will it be to "master" c++?

    - by ThinkingInBits
    I've been a PHP programmer for 8 or so years, I'm familiar with OOP and try to consider best practices whenever programming. I would like to pick up C++ to possibly enter the 'game development' field, where now I'm doing web dev. I'm not a school person, but was wondering what people think about self-taught math to complement learning c++ for game dev. The last math course I took was algebra 2. Should I start delving myself into pre-calculus? Are there any other suggestions you may have to ease the process?

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  • cURL/PHP Request Executes 50% of the Time

    - by makavelli
    After searching all over, I can't understand why cURL requests issued to a remote SSL-enabled host are successful only 50% or so of the time in my case. Here's the situation: I have a sequence of cURL requests, all of them issued to a HTTPS remote host, within a single PHP script that I run using the PHP CLI. Occasionally when I run the script the requests execute successfully, but for some reason most of the times I run it I get the following error from cURL: * About to connect() to www.virginia.edu port 443 (#0) * Trying 128.143.22.36... * connected * Connected to www.virginia.edu (128.143.22.36) port 443 (#0) * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * error:140943FC:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert bad record mac * Closing connection #0 If I try again a few times I get the same result, but then after a few tries the requests will go through successfully. Running the script after that again results in an error, and the pattern continues. Researching the error 'alert bad record mac' didn't give me anything helpful, and I hesitate to blame it on an SSL issue since the script still runs occasionally. I'm on Ubuntu Server 10.04, with php5 and php5-curl installed, as well as the latest version of openssl. In terms of cURL specific options, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER is set to false, and both CURLOPT_TIMEOUT and CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT are set to 4 seconds. Further illustrating this problem is the fact that the same exact situation occurs on my Mac OS X dev machine - the requests only go through ~50% of the time.

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  • Why do C# and Java require everything to be in a class?

    - by Javier Badia
    It seemed like this question should have been asked before, but searching found nothing. I've always wondered what's the point of making us put every bit of code inside a class or interface. I seem to remember that there were some advantages to requiring a main() function like C, but nothing for classes. Languages like Python are, in a way, even more object oriented than Java since they don't have primitives, but you can put code wherever you want. Is this some sort of "misinterpretation" of OOP? After all, you can write procedural code like you would in C and put it inside a class, but it won't be object oriented.

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  • Doubt about a particular pattern of Javascript class definition

    - by fenderplayer
    Recently i saw the following code that creates a class in javascript: var Model.Foo = function(){ // private stuff var a, b; // public properties this.attr1 = ''; this.attr2 = ''; if(Model.Foo._init === 'undefined'){ Model.Foo.prototype = { func1 : function(){ //...}, func2 : function(){ //... }, //other prototype functions } } Model.Foo._init = true; } // Instantiate and use the class as follows: var foo = new Model.Foo(); foo.func1(); I guess the _init variable is used to make sure we don't define the prototypes again. Also, i feel the code is more readable since i am placing everything in a function block (so in oop-speak, all attributes and methods are in one place). Do you see any issues with the code above? Any pitfalls of using this pattern if i need to create lots of classes in a big project?

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  • "public" or "private" attribute in Python ? What is the best way ?

    - by SeyZ
    Hi ! In Python, I have the following example class : class Foo: self._attr = 0 @property def attr(self): return self._attr @attr.setter def attr(self, value): self._attr = value @attr.deleter def attr(self): del self._attr As you can see, I have a simple "private" attribute "_attr" and a property to access it. There is a lot of codes to declare a simple private attribute and I think that it's not respecting the "KISS" philosophy to declare all attributes like that. So, why not declare all my attributes as public attributes if I don't need a particular getter/setter/deleter ? My answer will be : Because the principle of encapsulation (OOP) says otherwise! What is the best way ? Thanks !

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  • C++ 2d Array Class Function Call Help

    - by johnny-conrad
    I hope this question takes a simple fix, and I am just missing something very small. I am in my second semester of C++ in college, and we are just getting into OOP. This is my first OOP program, and it is causing me a little problem. Here are the errors I am getting: Member function must be called or its address taken in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Member function must be called or its address taken in function Turn(int,int,Cell ( *)[20]) Warning: Parameter 'grid' is never used in function displayGrid(int,Cell ( *)[20]) Here is all of my code. I am aware It is much more code than necessary, sorry if it makes it more difficult. I was worried that I might accidentally delete something. const int MAX=20; //Struct Cell holds player and their symbol. class Cell { private: int Player; char Symbol; public: Cell(void); void setPlayer(int); void setSymbol(char); int getPlayer(void); char getSymbol(void); }; Cell::Cell(void) { Symbol ='-'; } void Cell::setPlayer(int player_num) { Player = player_num; } void Cell::setSymbol(char rps) { Symbol = rps; } int Cell::getPlayer(void) { return Player; } char Cell::getSymbol(void) { return Symbol; } void Turn(int, int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void displayGrid(int, Cell[MAX][MAX]); void main(void) { int size; cout << "How big would you like the grid to be: "; cin >> size; //Checks to see valid grid size while(size>MAX || size<3) { cout << "Grid size must between 20 and 3." << endl; cout << "Please re-enter the grid size: "; cin >> size; } int cnt=1; int full; Cell grid[MAX][MAX]; //I use full to detect when the game is over by squaring size. full = size*size; cout << "Starting a new game." << endl; //Exits loop when cnt reaches full. while(cnt<full+1) { displayGrid(size, grid); //calls function to display grid if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then it's 2nd players turn cout << "Player 2's turn." << endl; else cout << "Player 1's turn" << endl; Turn(size, cnt, grid); //calls Turn do each players turn cnt++; } cout << endl; cout << "Board is full... Game Over" << endl; } void displayGrid(int size, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { cout << endl; cout << " "; for(int x=1; x<size+1; x++) // prints first row cout << setw(3) << x; // of numbers. cout << endl; //Nested-For prints the grid. for(int i=1; i<size+1; i++) { cout << setw(2) << i; for(int c=1; c<size+1; c++) { cout << setw(3) << grid[i][c].getSymbol; } cout << endl; } cout << endl; } void Turn(int size, int cnt, Cell grid[MAX][MAX]) { char temp; char choice; int row=0; int column=0; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; //puts what is in the current cell in "temp" temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //Checks to see if temp is occupied or not while(temp!='-') { cout << "Cell space is Occupied..." << endl; cout << "Enter the Row: "; cin >> row; cout << "Enter the Column: "; cin >> column; temp = grid[row][column].getSymbol; //exits loop when finally correct } if(cnt%2==0) //if cnt is even then its player 2's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol R, P, or S (Capitals): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(1); in >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } else //if cnt is odd then its player 1's turn { cout << "Enter your Symbol r, p, or s (Lower-Case): "; cin >> choice; grid[row][column].setPlayer(2); //checks for valid input by user1 while(choice!= 'r' && choice!='p' && choice!='s') { cout << "Invalid Symbol... Please Re-Enter: "; cin >> choice; } //officially sets choice to grid cell. grid[row][column].setSymbol(choice); } cout << endl; } Thanks alot for your help!

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  • zend gdata google base getting link url and parsing xml with object oriented php

    - by thrice801
    Hi, So I am using Zend frameworks Gdata extension to parse xml data from google base. http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.gdata.gbase.html Working fine minus one damn important thing I cant seem to parse, the link to the actual page, because there are two elements and its returned as an array. Anyways Ive tried vardumping the array but what comes out didnt help me figure out what was going on any better. So heres the specifics of the issue. echo $entry->title->text."<br />".$entry->id->text."<br />".$entry->content->text."<br />".$entry->author[0]->name."<br />"; (the above code works fine). Now according to the documentation I thought I could get the link href by going $entry-link-text or $entry-link-url (tried both, neither worked). Anyways, Im not sure whether this is zend specific or just a gap in my OOP understanding, but any help would be much appreciated!

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  • How to explain to someone that a data structure should not draw itself, explaining separation of con

    - by leeand00
    I have another programmer who I'm trying to explain why it is that a UI component should not also be a data-structure. For instance say that you get a data-structure that contains a record-set from the "database", and you wish to display that record-set in a UI component within your application. According to this programmer (who will remain nameless, he's young and I'm teaching him...), we should subclass the data-structure into a class that will draw the UI component within our application!!!!!! And thus according to this logic, the record-set should manage the drawing of the UI. **Head Desk*** I know that asking a record-set to draw itself is wrong, because, if you wish to render the same data-structure on more than one type of component on your UI, you are going to have a real mess on your hands; you'll need to extend yet another class for each and every UI component that you render from the base-class of your record-set; I am well aware of the "cleanliness" of the of the MVC pattern (and by that what I really mean is you don't confuse your data (the Model) with your UI (the view) or the actions that take place on the data (the Controller more or less...okay not really the API should really handle that...and the Controller should just make as few calls to it as it can, telling it which view to render)) But it's certainly alot cleaner than using data-structures to render UI components! Is there any other advice I could send his way other than the example above? I understand that when you first learn OOP you go through "a stage" where you where just want to extend everything. Followed by a stage when you think that Design Patterns are the solution every single problem...which isn't entirely correct either...thanks Jeff. Is there a way that I can gently nudge this kid in the right direction? Do you have any more examples that might help explain my point to him?

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  • How can I write classes that don't rely on "global" variables?

    - by Joel
    When I took my first programming course in university, we were taught that global variables were evil & should be avoided at all cost (since you can quickly develop confusing and unmaintainable code). The following year, we were taught object oriented programming, and how to create modular code using classes. I find that whenever I work with OOP, I use my classes' private variables as global variables, i.e., they can be (and are) read and modified by any function within the class. This isn't really sitting right with me, as it seems to introduce the same problems global variables had in languages like C. So I guess my question is, how do I stop writing classes with "global" variables? Would it make more sense to pretend I'm writing in a functional language? By this I mean having all functions take parameters & return values instead of directly modifying class variables. If I need to set any fields, I can just take the output of the function and assign it instead of having the function do it directly. This seems like it might make more maintainable code, at least for larger classes. What's common practice? Thanks!

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  • ActionScript 3.0: placing code on stage/MC timelines a la AS2 instead of in classes

    - by BoltClock
    I'm aware that ActionScript 3.0 is designed from the ground up to be a largely object-oriented language and using it means less or even no timeline code in Flash documents. I'm quite experienced with OOP and am comfortable writing classes. However, since I mostly use Flash for animations, I hardly ever need to write ActionScript code other than for preloaders, subtitles, quality controls, website links and so on. In fact, I still set my Flash movies to use AS2 to this day because I'm used to gotoAndPlay()/gotoAndStop(), AS2 preloaders, subtitles, quality controls and even getURL(). Of course, I really want to move on now that practically everyone's on Flash Player 9 or 10 and now that I've dabbled with other OO languages like Java, C# and Objective-C too. I'm a complete newcomer to AS3 and am not very learned with AS2 either. Considering my current use of ActionScript, are there any cases where it's still OK to use very simple AS3 code in the timeline instead of moving code to a class, especially since moving to a class might mean unnecessarily increasing the number of LOC from 4 to 40? (Heck, is the latter case ('instead of ...') even a valid concern at all?)

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  • Modelling problem - Networked devices with commands

    - by Schneider
    I encountered a head scratching modelling problem today: We are modelling a physical control system composed of Devices and NetworkDevices. Any example of a Device is a TV. An example of a NetworkDevice is an IR transceiver with Ethernet connection. As you can see, to be able to control the TV over the internet we must connect the Device to the NetworkDevice. There is a one to many relationship between Device and NetworkDevice i.e. TV only has one NetworkDevice (the IR transceiver), but the IR transceiver may control many Devices (e.g. many TVs). So far no problem. The complicated bit is that every Device has a collection of Commands. The type of the Command (e.g IrCommand, SerialCommand - N.B. not currently modelled) depends on the type of NetworkDevice that the Device is connected to. In the current legacy system the Device has a collection of generic Commands (no typing) where fields are "interpreted" depending on the NetworkDevice type. How do I go about modelling this in OOP such that: You can only ever add a Command of the appropriate type, given the NetworkDevice the Device is attached to? If I change the NetworkDevice the Commands collection changes to the appropriate type Make it so the API is simple/elegant/intuitive to use

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  • Is this an example for parametric polymorphism?

    - by mrt181
    Hi i am educating myself oop principles. I would like to know if this is a correct example of Cardellis definition of parametric polymorphism. Please enlighten me. The example is in cfml's script based syntax. <cfcomponent> <cfscript> public numeric function getlength(any arg, string type){ switch (arguments.type){ case "array": return arraylen(arguments.arg); break; case "struct": return structcount(arguments.arg); break; case "string": return len(arguments.arg); break; case "numeric": return len(arguments.arg); break; case "object": // gets the number of parent classes, substracting the railo base class return -1 + arraylen(structfindkey(getmetadata(arguments.arg),"extends","all")); break; default: // throw was added to railo as a user defined function to use it in cfscript throw("InvalidTypeArgument","The provided type argument is invalid for method getlength"); } } </cfscript> </cfcomponent>

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  • Is it legal to extend the Class class?

    - by spiralganglion
    I've been writing a system that generates some templates, and then generates some objects based on those templates. I had the idea that the templates could be extensions of the Class class, but that resulted in some magnificent errors: VerifyError: Error #1107: The ABC data is corrupt, attempt to read out of bounds. What I'm wondering is if subclassing Class is even possible, if there is perhaps some case where doing this would be appropriate, and not just a gross misuse of OOP. I believe it should be possible, as ActionScript allows you to create variables of the Class type. This use is described in the LiveDocs entry for Class, yet I've seen no mentions of subclassing Class. Here's a pseudocode example: class Foo extends Class var a:Foo = new Foo(); trace(a is Class) // true, right? var b = new a(); I have no idea what the type of b would be. In summary: can you subclass the Class class? If so, how can you do it without errors, and what type are the instances of the instances of the Class subclass?

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  • How can I make a family of singletons?

    - by Jay
    I want to create a set of classes that share a lot of common behavior. Of course in OOP when you think that you automatically think "abstract class with subclasses". But among the things I want these classes to do is to each have a static list of instances of the class. The list should function as sort of a singleton within the class. I mean each of the sub-classes has a singleton, not that they share one. "Singleton" to that subclass, not a true singleton. But if it's a static, how can I inherit it? Of course code like this won't work: public abstract A { static List<A> myList; public static List getList() { if (myList==null) myList=new ArrayList<A>(10); return myList; } public static A getSomethingFromList() { List listInstance=getList(); ... do stuff with list ... } public int getSomethingFromA() { ... regular code acting against current instance ... } } public class A1 extends A { ... } public class A2 extends A { ... } A1 somethingfromA1List=(A1) A1.getSomethingFromList(); A2 somethingfromA2List=(A2) A2.getSomethingFromList(); The contents of the list for each subclass would be different, but all the code to work on the lists would be the same. The problem with the above code is that I'd only have one list for all the subclasses, and I want one for each. Yes, I could replicate the code to declare the static list in each of the subclasses, but then I'd also have to replicate all the code that adds to the lists and searches the list, etc, which rather defeats the purpose of subclassing. Any ideas on how to do this without replicating code?

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  • Idea for a small project, should I use Python?

    - by Robb
    I have a project idea, but unsure if using Python would be a good idea. Firstly, I'm a C++ and C# developer with some SQL experience. My day job is C++. I have a project idea i'd like to create and was considering developing it in a language I don't know. Python seems to be popular and has piqued my interests. I definitely use OOP in programming and I understand Python would work fine with that style. I could be way off on this, I've only read small bits and pieces about the language. The project won't be public or anything, just purely something of my own creation do dabble in at home. So the project would essentially represent a simple game idea I have. The game would consist roughly these things: Data structures to hold specific information (would be strongly typed). A way to output the gamestate for the players. This is completely up in the air, it can be graphical or text based, I don't really care at this point. A way to save off game data for the players in something like a database or file system. A relatively easy way for me to input information and a 'GO' button which processes the changes and obviously creates a new gamestate. The game would function similar to a board game. Really nothing out of the ordinary when I look back at that list. Would this be a fun way to learn Python or should I select another language?

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  • Javascript function using "this = " gives "Invalid left-hand side in assignment"

    - by Brian M. Hunt
    I am trying to get a Javascript object to use the "this" assignments of another objects' constructor, as well as assume all that objects' prototype functions. Here's an example of what I'm attempting to accomplish: /* The base - contains assignments to 'this', and prototype functions */ function ObjX(a,b) { this.$a = a, $b = b; } ObjX.prototype.getB() { return this.$b; } function ObjY(a,b,c) { // here's what I'm thinking should work: this = ObjX(a, b * 12); /* and by 'work' I mean ObjY should have the following properties: * ObjY.$a == a, ObjY.$b == b * 12, * and ObjY.getB() == ObjX.prototype.getB() * ... unfortunately I get the error: * Uncaught ReferenceError: Invalid left-hand side in assignment */ this.$c = c; // just to further distinguish ObjY from ObjX. } I'd be grateful for your thoughts on how to have ObjY subsume ObjX's assignments to 'this' (i.e. not have to repeat all the this.$* = * assignments in ObjY's constructor) and have ObjY assume ObjX.prototype. My first thought is to try the following: function ObjY(a,b,c) { this.prototype = new ObjX(a,b*12); } Ideally I'd like to learn how to do this in a prototypal way (i.e. not have to use any of those 'classic' OOP substitutes like Base2). It may be noteworthy that ObjY will be anonymous (e.g. factory['ObjX'] = function(a,b,c) { this = ObjX(a,b*12); ... }) -- if I've the terminology right. Thank you.

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