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  • change data frame columns to rows

    - by Sol Lago
    Sorry if this is obvious: I found a lot of questions similar to mine but I can't figure it out for my own data. I have a data frame that looks like this: A <- c(1,6) B <- c(2,7) C <- c(3,8) D <- c(4,9) E <- c(5,0) df <- data.frame(A,B,C,D,E) df A B C D E 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 7 8 9 0 And I need this: df X1 A 1 A 6 B 2 B 7 C 3 C 8 D 4 D 9 E 5 E 0 Thanks!

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  • Concatenate Row and Column names from Data.Frame

    - by user338714
    Is there a way to concatenate the row and column names from an existing data.frame into a new data frame. For example, I have column names of (A, B, C) and row names of (1, 2, 3) and I would like to combine these into a 3x3 matrix [A1, B1, C1; A2, B2, C2; A2, B2, C2]. Thanks for your help

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  • Accessing Arbitrary Columns from an R Data Frame using with()

    - by johnmyleswhite
    Suppose that I have a data frame with a column whose name is stored in a variable. Accessing this column using the variable is easy using bracket notation: df <- data.frame(A = rep(1, 10), B = rep(2, 10)) column.name <- 'B' df[,column.name] But it is not obvious how to access an arbitrary column using a call to with(). The naive approach with(df, column.name) effectively evaluates column.name in the caller's environment. How can I delay evaluation sufficiently that with() will provide the same results that brackets give?

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  • Application frame leaves blank line at the top

    - by iFloh
    Any clues why my programmatically defined UIScrollView (using the application frame) always leaves an empty space at the top (below the navigationBar) of 20 pixels. How can I close that? UIScrollView *vScrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; vScrollView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor]; How do I need to call the application frame size to avoid that gap?

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  • options[Text] is null or not an object in javascript

    - by user9167
    I am getting options[text] is null or not an object error. What i am trying to do here is i am checking what all multi select lookup column values are selected , comparing them with the value in an array and then removing them var responsibleselected = returntags("select","Responsibility selected values"); for(var i=0;i<responsibleselected.options.length;i++) { if(responsibleselected.options[i].selected == true) { for(var j=0;j< ResponsibleArray.length;j++) { if(responsibleselected.options[i].text == ResponsibleArray[j])//throws error here { GipRemoveSelectedItems(ctl00_m_g_6ad915a8_68ea_4c76_b67a_ad1215320288_ff391_ctl00_ctl00_MultiLookupPicker_m); } } } }

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  • How to remove window applet from Gnome3?

    - by Filip Nowak
    I installed today window applet for Gnome3 from this webupd8 post. The effect of the installation shown in the picture. I tried apt-get remove --purge and nothing happens. How do I remove this window applet? http://i.stack.imgur.com/D1s9b.jpg When i try metacity --replace &unity [1] 3171 Checking if settings need to be migrated ...no Checking if internal files need to be migrated ...no Backend : gconf Integration : true Profile : default Adding plugins Skipping upgrade com.canonical.unity.unity.01.upgrade Skipping upgrade com.canonical.unity.unity.02.upgrade Initializing core options...done Initializing bailer options...done Initializing detection options...done Initializing composite options...done Initializing opengl options...done Initializing decor options...done Initializing move options...done Initializing vpswitch options...done Initializing gnomecompat options...done Initializing grid options...done Initializing mousepoll options...done Initializing place options...done Initializing resize options...done Initializing animation options...done Initializing wall options...done Initializing session options...done Initializing workarounds options...done Initializing wobbly options...done compiz (expo) - Warn: failed to bind image to texture Initializing expo options...done Initializing ezoom options...done Initializing staticswitcher options...done Initializing fade options...done Initializing scale options...done Screen geometry changed: 0x0x1920x1080 Initializing unityshell options...done DEBUG 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib <unknown>:0 Setting to primary screen rect: x=0 y=0 w=1920 h=1080 WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 unity.favorites FavoriteStoreGSettings.cpp:138 Unable to load GDesktopAppInfo for 'bluefish.desktop' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 unity.favorites FavoriteStoreGSettings.cpp:138 Unable to load GDesktopAppInfo for 'filezilla.desktop' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 unity.favorites FavoriteStoreGSettings.cpp:138 Unable to load GDesktopAppInfo for 'gimp.desktop' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' WARN 2012-02-19 21:22:40 glib.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 invalid cast from `BamfWindow' to `BamfApplication' Setting Update "texture_filter" Setting Update "sync_to_vblank" Setting Update "fullscreen_visual_bell" Setting Update "panel_opacity" Setting Update "launcher_opacity" Setting Update "icon_size" WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method InfoRequest proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/applications does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method SetActive proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/applications does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method InfoRequest proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/commands does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method SetActive proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/commands does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method InfoRequest proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/files does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method SetActive proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/files does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method InfoRequest proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/music does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:32 unity.glib.dbusproxy GLibDBusProxy.cpp:255 Cannot call method SetActive proxy /com/canonical/unity/lens/music does not exist WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:33 unity.iconloader IconLoader.cpp:509 Unable to load contents of file:///usr/share/icons/unity-icon-theme/places/svg/category-available.svg: Blad podczas otwierania pliku: Nie ma takiego pliku ani katalogu WARN 2012-02-19 21:23:33 unity.iconloader IconLoader.cpp:509 Unable to load contents of file:///usr/share/icons/unity-icon-theme/places/svg/category-installed.svg: Blad podczas otwierania pliku: Nie ma takiego pliku ani katalogu

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  • Rendering a frame is producing noise from speakers in Windows and Linux

    - by Robber
    When any hardware accelerated application is rendering a frame (or many of them) a very short noise is coming from my speakers. This can be a game, a WebGL application or XBMC. When the application/game is rendering many frames per second (like most of them do) the noise is a continuous buzzing that gets higher pitched with higher framerates. This applies to Linux and Windows, so I'd assume it's a hardware problem. The current hardware in the PC is: CPU: Core2Quad Q9550 GPU: Radeon HD 5770 RAM: 2x2GB DDR2 Motherboard: Asus P5QLD PRO PSU: be quiet! Pure Power 530W Screen and speakers: Old 720p LCD TV connected via VGA and aux cable Muting the TV stops the noise, muting Windows doesn't. I tried replacing the PSU first (used a Tagan 700W PSU before) because I thought it was a power problem. It wasn't. I tried replacing the motherboard (used a ASUS P5B SE before) next because I thought it was a sound card problem. It wasn't. I tried the GPU in a different PC because I thought it was a broken graphics card. It worked perfectly fine in the other PC. I thought it might be interference, but moving the audio cable around changes absolutely nothing. I tried using an HDMI cable instead and that did work, but is not an option since my TV has only one HDMI input and I need that for my PS3.

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  • Options for PCI-DSS 11.5 - Deploy file integrity monitoring software

    - by dialt0ne
    I'm looking for options to be compliant with PCI-DSS section 11.5 for some servers I manage at the datacenter. There are several servers (less than 20) and they are mostly CentOS5, but there are some RHEL4 and Solaris9 Sparc. I believe Tripwire, Inc. is the leader in this area, but I am looking for additional options, both commercial and FOSS. Please include your experience reasons for using the software you recommend.

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  • Placement of command line options in bash

    - by Nathan Rambeck
    I just starting using a Mac and have been frustrated that command line options are required immediately following the command so that this works: ls -la /usr but this doesn't: ls /usr -la ls: -la: No such file or directory Is there any way to change this? Or can someone tell me why the placement of options is agnostic on most Linux platforms, but not on Mac?

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  • Install windows xp using USB: removable disk option not available in boot device options list

    - by kowsar89
    I want to install windows xp with pendrive as my dvdrom doesnt work. When i go to bios setup and boot device options,i cant find any option for pendrive.Here's my boot device options: >1st FLOPPY DRIVE >3M-HDS728080PLA >PS-ASUS DVD-E818A >DISABLED And Here's my desktop configuration: intel(R) pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.66GHz 0.99GB RAM N.B: I bought my desktop in 2006. Now how can i install windows xp in my desktop using pendrive?

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  • What is the steps to make a frame work for a company? [on hold]

    - by bbb
    we want to make a frame work for our company. Our company mission is developing web applications and CMS and websites. Till now we had a lot of problems with the various types of codding. we didnt have a frame work and every programmer codes as he wants and it was too hard for the others to edit them. Now we want to make a frame work for the company. We want to make an archive of dll files that are written by our self our other and make the programmers to use just from them and we want to make a frame work for the type of codding. WE NEED A STRUCTURE FOR THE COMPANY. I dont know how to do this and what is the first and second and third step to do this. I need some guidance about it. For example I say that the frame work should contains the followings: The base should be SOLID The method should be Code-First The standards should be Naming Convention The type should be 3 layer programming The method should be MVC We should use from our dll archive The UI should be with HTML and CSS And using from Bootstrap Am I right or not or is it complete or...???

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  • How to represent "options" for my plugin architecture (C# .NET WinForms)

    - by Joshua
    Okay basically here's where I'm at. I have a list of PropertyDescriptor objects. These describe the custom "Options" fields on my Plugins, aka: public class MyPlugin : PluginAbstract, IPlugin { [PluginOption("This controls the color of blah blah blah")] [DefaultValue(Color.Red)] public Color TheColor { get; set; } [PluginOption("The number of blah blah blahs")] [DefaultValue(10)] public int BlahBlahBlahs { get; set; } } So I did all the hard parts: I have all the descriptions, default values, names and types of these custom "plugin options". MY QUESTION IS: When a user loads a plugin, how should I represent these options for them to config? On the back end I'll be using XML for the config, so that's not what I'm asking. I'm asking on the front end: What kind of WinForms control should I use to let users configure the options of a plugin, when there will be an unknown amount of options and different types used etc.?

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  • jQuery plugin question - populate select options with JSON data

    - by user331884
    I'm trying to fill selects with json data from a web service. I'm getting error 'Object doesn't support this property or method.' when I do this $(this).html(options.join'')); Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? ;(function($) { $.fillSelect = {}; $.fn.fillSelect = function(url, map) { var jsonpUrl = url + "?callback=?"; $.getJSON(jsonpUrl, function(d) { var options = []; var txt = map[0]; var val = map[1]; options.push('<option>--Select--</option>'); $.each(d, function(index, item) { options.push('<option value="' + item[val] + '">' + item[txt] + '</option>'); }); $(this).html(options.join('')); //getting error Object doesn't support this property or method } }; })(jQuery);

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  • Single Large v/s Multiple Small MySQL tables for storing Options

    - by Prasad
    Hi there, I'm aware of several question on this forum relating to this. But I'm not talking about splitting tables for the same entity (like user for example) Suppose I have a huge options table that stores list options like Gender, Marital Status, and many more domain specific groups with same structure. I plan to capture in a OPTIONS table. Another simple option is to have the field set as ENUM, but there are disadvantages of that as well. http://www.brandonsavage.net/why-you-should-replace-enum-with-something-else/ OPTIONS Table: option_id <will be referred instead of the name> name value group Query: select .. from options where group = '15' - Since this table is expected to be multi-tenant, the no of rows could grow drastically. - I believe splitting the tables instead of finding by the group would be easier to write & faster to execute. - or perhaps partitioning by the group or tenant? Pl suggest. Thanks

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  • add JButton into frame with JTable

    - by Edan
    hello, I would like to know how to put a button inside a frame that contain JTable inside. (The button should not be inside a cell, but after the table ends) Here is the example code I wrote so far: class SimpleTableExample extends JFrame { // Instance attributes used in this example private JPanel topPanel; private JTable table; private JScrollPane scrollPane; private JButton update_Button; // Constructor of main frame public SimpleTableExample() { // Set the frame characteristics setTitle("Add new item" ); setSize(300, 200); setBackground( Color.gray ); // Create a panel to hold all other components topPanel = new JPanel(); topPanel.setLayout( new BorderLayout() ); getContentPane().add( topPanel ); // Create columns names String columnNames[] = {"Item Description", "Item Type", "Item Price"}; // Create some data String dataValues[][] = {{ "0", "Entree", "0" }}; // Create a new table instance table = new JTable( dataValues, columnNames ); //////////////////////////// JComboBox item_Type_Combobox = new JComboBox(); item_Type_Combobox = new JComboBox(item_Type.values()); TableColumn column = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(1); column.setCellEditor(new DefaultCellEditor(item_Type_Combobox)); //////////////////////////// // Add the table to a scrolling pane scrollPane = new JScrollPane( table ); topPanel.add( scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER ); } } How do I add button after the table I created? thanks in advance

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  • Frame Showing Problem

    - by Nitz
    Hey Guys I have made one project which is showing the inventory of the stock of one store. In that inventory the software should store data of the products with their images. There is one problem... Bcz of the lots of stock, the screen on which is image is loading taking a lot of time. So, i thought i should give the frame in which there will be on label which will show the "Loading Software". But now when i am setting visible = true for that frame, but bcz of that images screen class loading problem my frame is not showing correctly. I have put screen shot, now my code. JFrame f; try{ f = new JFrame("This is a test"); f.setSize(300, 300); Container content = f.getContentPane(); content.setBackground(Color.white); content.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); JLabel jl = new JLabel(); jl.setText("Loading Please Wait...."); content.add(jl); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setVisible(true); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } initComponents(); try { addInverntory = new AddInventoryScreen(); showstock = new showStock(); // this class will take big time. mf = new mainForm(); f.setVisible(false); }catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } How Can show some message that, other class is loading or "Loading Software" kind of thing in this situation. Just For the know....this class is not screen on which the image will load.

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  • Collapsing data frame by selecing one row per group

    - by jkebinger
    I'm trying to collapse a data frame by removing all but one row from each group of rows with identical values in a particular column. In other words, the first row from each group. For example, I'd like to convert this > d = data.frame(x=c(1,1,2,4),y=c(10,11,12,13),z=c(20,19,18,17)) > d x y z 1 1 10 20 2 1 11 19 3 2 12 18 4 4 13 17 Into this: x y z 1 1 11 19 2 2 12 18 3 4 13 17 I'm using aggregate to do this currently, but the performance is unacceptable with more data: > d.ordered = d[order(-d$y),] > aggregate(d.ordered,by=list(key=d.ordered$x),FUN=function(x){x[1]}) I've tried split/unsplit with the same function argument as here, but unsplit complains about duplicate row numbers. Is rle a possibility? Is there an R idiom to convert rle's length vector into the indices of the rows that start each run, which I can then use to pluck those rows out of the data frame?

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  • how do you convert data frame to a custom json format

    - by user1471980
    I need to convert a data frame to json fomrat in R. My data frame y is this: dput(y) structure(list(Name = structure(c(38L, 23L, 16L, 35L, 21L, 6L, 34L, 15L, 46L, 1L, 43L, 28L, 39L, 27L, 7L, 20L, 14L, 44L, 48L, 36L), .Label = c("server09", "server10", "server11", "server12", "server13", "server14", "server15", "server16", "server17", "server18", "server19", "server20", "server21", "server22", "server23", "server24", "server25", "server26", "server27", "server28", "server29", "server30", "server31", "server32", "server33", "server34", "server35", "server36", "server37", "server38", "server39", "server40", "server41", "server42", "server43", "server44", "server45", "server46", "server47", "server48", "server49", "server50", "server51", "server52", "server53", "server54", "server55", "server56", "server57", "server58"), class = "factor"), Date = c(1372737600, 1372737602, 1372737609, 1372737617, 1372737618, 1372737618, 1372737643, 1372737646, 1372737648, 1372737652, 1372737654, 1372737660, 1372737665, 1372737671, 1372737699, 1372737701, 1372737718, 1372737721, 1372737728, 1372737731), Cpu = c(3.9025, 36.3042, 2.6075, 3.1338, 0.9474, 0.149, 5.4401, 2.5652, 0.3612, 3.2651, 1.8703, 13.8967, 4.2438, 5.4401, 2.468, 0.9147, 1.4637, 7.2528, 6.119, 7.7009)), .Names = c("Name", "Date", "Cpu"), row.names = c(1L, 42L, 83L, 84L, 125L, 126L, 127L, 168L, 169L, 202L, 203L, 236L, 277L, 318L, 359L, 360L, 361L, 362L, 395L, 396L), class = "data.frame") I need my json file to look like this: [{ "name":'server13', "data": [ [1372737600,3.9025], [1372737602,10], [1372737609,10] ... [1372737731,20] ] }, { "name":'server14', "data": [ [1372737600,4], [1372737602,10], [1372737609,10] ... [1372737731,30] ] }] I used rjson package as the following: p <- toJSON(as.list(y)) I get this output: "{\"Name\":[\"server13\",\"servar14\",...],\"Date\":[1372737600,1372737602,..],\"Cpu\":[3.9025,36.3042,..]}" Is there an easy way to do this in R?

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  • html help frameset

    - by shouqz
    hey.. i'm working on my html project, and everything is going well. now i'm doing the same project with framesets, but i descovered that the page in a frame set won't scroll as a whole page (you can only scroll each frame at a time).. how can i solve this?? please help

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  • Create lags with a for-loop in R

    - by cptn
    I've got a data.frame with stock data of several companies (here it's only two). I want 10 additional columns in my stock data.frame df with lagged dates (from -5 days to +5 days) for both companies in my event data.frame. I'm using a for loop which is probably not the best solution, but it works partially. DATE <- c("01.01.2000","02.01.2000","03.01.2000","06.01.2000","07.01.2000","09.01.2000","10.01.2000","01.01.2000","02.01.2000","04.01.2000","06.01.2000","07.01.2000","09.01.2000","10.01.2000") RET <- c(-2.0,1.1,3,1.4,-0.2, 0.6, 0.1, -0.21, -1.2, 0.9, 0.3, -0.1,0.3,-0.12) COMP <- c("A","A","A","A","A","A","A","B","B","B","B","B","B","B") df <- data.frame(DATE, RET, COMP, stringsAsFactors=F) df # DATE RET COMP # 1 01.01.2000 -2.00 A # 2 02.01.2000 1.10 A # 3 03.01.2000 3.00 A # 4 06.01.2000 1.40 A # 5 07.01.2000 -0.20 A # 6 09.01.2000 0.60 A # 7 10.01.2000 0.10 A # 8 01.01.2000 -0.21 B # 9 02.01.2000 -1.20 B # 10 04.01.2000 0.90 B # 11 06.01.2000 0.30 B # 12 07.01.2000 -0.10 B # 13 09.01.2000 0.30 B # 14 10.01.2000 -0.12 B this loop works fine comp <- as.vector(unique(df$COMP)) mylist <- vector('list', length(comp)) # create lags in DATE for(i in 1:length(comp)) { print(i) comp_i <- comp[i] df_k <- df[df$COMP %in% comp_i, ] # all trading days of one firm df_k <- transform(df_k, DATEm1 = c(NA, head(DATE, -1)), DATEm2 = c(NA, NA, head(DATE, -2)), DATEm3 = c(NA, NA, NA, head(DATE, -3)), DATEm4 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA,head(DATE, -4)), DATEm5 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, head(DATE, -5)), DATEp1 = c(DATE[-1], NA)) #DATEp2 = c(DATE[-2], NA, NA), #DATEp3 = c(DATE[-3], NA, NA, NA), #DATEp4 = c(DATE[-4], NA, NA, NA, NA), #DATEp5 = c(DATE[-5], NA, NA, NA, NA, NA)) mylist[[i]] = df_k } df1 <- do.call(rbind, mylist) But if I add the lines with DATEp2, DATEp3, DATEp4, DATEp5. the code doesn't work. Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong here? Here the code with all the lagged dates. # create lags in DATE for(i in 1:length(comp)) { print(i) comp_i <- comp[i] df_k <- df[df$COMP %in% comp_i, ] # all trading days of one firm df_k <- transform(df_k, DATEm1 = c(NA, head(DATE, -1)), DATEm2 = c(NA, NA, head(DATE, -2)), DATEm3 = c(NA, NA, NA, head(DATE, -3)), DATEm4 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA,head(DATE, -4)), DATEm5 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, head(DATE, -5)), DATEp1 = c(DATE[-1], NA), DATEp2 = c(DATE[-2], NA, NA), DATEp3 = c(DATE[-3], NA, NA, NA), DATEp4 = c(DATE[-4], NA, NA, NA, NA), DATEp5 = c(DATE[-5], NA, NA, NA, NA, NA)) mylist[[i]] = df_k } df1 <- do.call(rbind, mylist)

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  • Millions of SYN_RECV connections, no DDoS

    - by ThomK
    We have such server structure: reverse proxy (nginx) - worker (uwsgi) - postgresql / memcached. All servers are in local network behind router, with NATed external ip:ports (http/s 80/443 to proxy, and ssh 22 to all servers). Problem is, that sometimes proxy server netstat reports MILLIONS of SYN_RECV connections. From same IP / same ports. Like that: nginx ~ # netstat -n | grep 83.238.153.195 tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV [...] And this is not DDoS, because all IPs affected belongs to our website users. On side note, users says that it's not affecting them. Website is online and working, but... that particular one (from example above) told me that website is down and Firefox can't connect. I've done tcpdump. 19:42:14.826011 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:14.826042 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:17.887331 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:17.887343 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:19.065497 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:23.918064 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:23.918076 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:25.265499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.265501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.758051 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:37.758069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:40.714360 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:40.714374 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:41.665503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:46.751073 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:46.751087 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:47.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:59.865499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:01.265500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:13.320382 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:13.320399 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:16.320556 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:16.320569 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:17.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:22.250069 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:22.250080 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.665500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.865501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:35.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:37.903038 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:37.903054 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:40.772899 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:40.772912 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:41.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:46.793057 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:46.793069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:47.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:49.465503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 Anyone have some thoughts on that?

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  • FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel.

    - by SaveTheRbtz
    I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctls, so i'm posting them with comments. Based on Igor Sysoev (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Sysctls are for 7.x FreeBSD. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. Highload web server sysctls: # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Do not use lager sockbufs on 8.0 # ( http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=262144 # Recive clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 65k is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G #kern.ipc.nmbclusters=229376 # Jumbo pagesize(4k/8k) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=192000 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=24000 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=10240 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # Turn off receive autotuning #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) #net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on highspeed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) #net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # You can try setting it to 0 on fileserver with 1GBit+ interfaces # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't tested it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds (default: 30000 from RFC) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=40960 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becames lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 /boot/loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Usefull when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load= #siis_load= # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 200M) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=100 # Incresed hostcache net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize="16384" net.inet.tcp.hostcache.bucketlimit="100" # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # `sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg` # #Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is my additions to GENERIC kernel # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU of 8K(amd64) # (4k for i386). This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron #device amdtemp # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # DTrace options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data #options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (9.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 #options TEKEN_XTERM # NCQ support # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ #options ATA_CAM # FreeBSD 9+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html #options DEADLKRES PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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  • JSF: SelectOneRadio shortcuts for options

    - by pakore
    I have the following h:selectOneRadio: <h:selectOneRadio style="text-align:left" layout="pageDirection" id="#{prefix}_rating" value="#{examinationPanel.tempResult}" > <f:selectItems value="#{examinationPanel.options}"></f:selectItems> </h:selectOneRadio> And then the backing bean is loading the options based on some userpreferences: public List<SelectItem> loadOptions (Set<ResultEnum> possibleResults){ messages =ResourceBundle.getBundle("com.eyeprevent.resources.Messages",FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getViewRoot().getLocale()); List<SelectItem> options = new ArrayList<SelectItem>(); for(ResultEnum result:possibleResults){ SelectItem option = new SelectItem(result,messages.getString(result.name())); options.add(option); } return options; } How can I define shortcuts for the options in the radio group? por example typing "1" selects the first option, typing "2" the second, etc... Thanks in advance! ps. I'm using Jsf 1.2, Richfaces, Primefaces and Facelets.

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  • "Options ExecCGI is off in this directory" When try to run Ruby code using mod_ruby

    - by Itay Moav
    I am on Ubuntu, Apache 2.2 Installed the fcgi via apt-get then removed it via apt-get remove. Installed mod-ruby configuration I added to Apache: LoadModule ruby_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_ruby.so RubyRequire apache/ruby-run <Directory /var/www> Options +ExecCGI </Directory> <Files *.rb> SetHandler ruby-object RubyHandler Apache::RubyRun.instance </Files> <Files *.rbx> SetHandler ruby-object RubyHandler Apache::RubyRun.instance </Files> I have a file in the www direcoty with puts 'baba' I have other files in that directory, all accessible via Apache. Test file has been chmod 777 In the browser I get 403. In Apache error log I get: [error] access to /var/www/t.rb failed for (null), reason: Options ExecCGI is off in this directory If I move this to a sub folder rubytest and modify the relevant config to be: <Directory /var/www/rubytest> Options +ExecCGI </Directory> and making sure the directory has 755 permissions on it, it just try to download the file, as if it does not recognize the postfix *.rb any more If I give directory and files 777 it fails: usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53: warning: Insecure world writable dir /var/www/rubytest in LOAD_PATH, mode 040777 [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: error in ruby [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53:in load': loading from unsafe file /var/www/rubytest/t.rb (SecurityError) [Tue May 24 19:39:58 2011] [error] mod_ruby: from /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/apache/ruby-run.rb:53:in handler' BUT, IF I USE *.rbx it works like a charm...go figure.

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