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• How can a software agency deliver quality software/win projects?

  - by optician

  I currently work for a bespoke software agency. Does anyone have any experience of how to win well priced work? It seems there is so much competition from offshore/bedroom program teams, that cost is extremely competetive these days. I feel that it is very different compared to a software product company or an internal it department, in terms of budget. As someone else said before, we only ever really get to version 1.0 of a lot of our software, unless the client is big enough. In which case it doesn't make business sense to spend ages making the software the best we can. Its like we are doing the same quality of work of internal it. Also a Lot of our clients are not technically minded and so therefor will not pay for things they don't understand. As our company does not have the money to turn down work it often goes that we take on complicated work for far too little money. I have got a lot better at managing change and keeping tight specs etc. It is still hard.

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• How to run setInterval() on multiple canvases simultaneously?

  - by Alex

  I have a page which has several <canvas> elements. I am passing the canvas ID and an array of data to a function which then grabs the canvas info and passes the data onto a draw() function which in turn processes the given data and draws the results onto the canvas. So far, so good. Example data arrays; $(function() { setup($("#canvas-1"), [[110,110,100], [180,180,50], [220,280,80]]); setup($("#canvas-2"), [[110,110,100], [180,180,50], [220,280,80]]); }); setup function; function setup(canvas, data) { ctx = canvas[0].getContext('2d'); var i = data.length; var dimensions = { w : canvas.innerWidth(), h : canvas.innerHeight() }; draw(dimensions, data, i); } This works perfectly. draw() runs and each canvas is populated. However - I need to animate the canvas. As soon as I replace line 8 of the above example; draw(dimensions, data, i); with setInterval( function() { draw(dimensions, data, i); }, 33 ); It stops working and only draws the last canvas (with the others remaining blank). I'm new to both javascript and canvas so sorry if this is an obvious one, still feeling my way around. Guidance in the right direction much appreciated! Thanks.

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• Program structure in long running data processing python script

  - by fmark

  For my current job I am writing some long-running (think hours to days) scripts that do CPU intensive data-processing. The program flow is very simple - it proceeds into the main loop, completes the main loop, saves output and terminates: The basic structure of my programs tends to be like so: <import statements> <constant declarations> <misc function declarations> def main(): for blah in blahs(): <lots of local variables> <lots of tightly coupled computation> for something in somethings(): <lots more local variables> <lots more computation> <etc., etc.> <save results> if __name__ == "__main__": main() This gets unmanageable quickly, so I want to refactor it into something more manageable. I want to make this more maintainable, without sacrificing execution speed. Each chuck of code relies on a large number of variables however, so refactoring parts of the computation out to functions would make parameters list grow out of hand very quickly. Should I put this sort of code into a python class, and change the local variables into class variables? It doesn't make a great deal of sense tp me conceptually to turn the program into a class, as the class would never be reused, and only one instance would ever be created per instance. What is the best practice structure for this kind of program? I am using python but the question is relatively language-agnostic, assuming a modern object-oriented language features.

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• how to Solve the "Digg" problem in MongoDB

  - by user193116

  A while back,a Digg developer had posted this blog ,"http://about.digg.com/blog/looking-future-cassandra", where the he described one of the issues that were not optimally solved in MySQL. This was cited as one of the reasons for their move to Cassandra. I have been playing with MongoDB and I would like to understand how to implement the MongoDB collections for this problem From the article, the schema for this information in MySQL : CREATE TABLE Diggs ( id INT(11), itemid INT(11), userid INT(11), digdate DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (id), KEY user (userid), KEY item (itemid) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE Friends ( id INT(10) AUTO_INCREMENT, userid INT(10), username VARCHAR(15), friendid INT(10), friendname VARCHAR(15), mutual TINYINT(1), date_created DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (id), UNIQUE KEY Friend_unique (userid,friendid), KEY Friend_friend (friendid) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; This problem is ubiquitous in social networking scenario implementation. People befriend a lot of people and they in turn digg a lot of things. Quickly showing a user what his/her friends are up to is very critical. I understand that several blogs have since then provided a pure RDBMs solution with indexes for this issue; however I am curious as to how this could be solved in MongoDB.

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• Is there any danger in committing to a component library such as SmartGwt or Swing?

  - by Banang

  Since February this year I have been working on an app that's built using SmartGWT components. Generally, I find the components very nice to work with, and the fact that they're open source and free to use is just fantastic. However, I can't seem to shake the feeling that it's not a durable way of developing, but I can't quite explain why. Maybe it's because I know that any minute now the team developing it could decide to stop, which would leave me and my team in a bit of a pickle, but I'm sure there must be something more. I have been trying to find ways of explaining this feeling to myself, but to no avail. Therefore I turn to you, dear community, to ask if you can come up with a good reason why committing to building your app (that's supposed to be around for many more years to come) using a component library such as SmartGWT is a bad idea? Is there any reason I should just have developed the components myself? Or did I make the right choice when deciding not to reinvent the wheel and just go for what was readily available?

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• Disable validation in an object in Ruby on Rails

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  I have an object which whether validation happens or not should depend on a boolean, or in another way, validation is optional. I haven't found a clean way to do it. What I'm currently doing is this (disclaimer: you cannot unsee, leave this page if you are too sensitive): def valid? if perform_validation super else super # Call valid? so that callbacks get called and things like encrypting passwords and generating salt in before_validation actually happen errors.clear # but then clear the errors true # and claim ourselves to be valid. This is super hacky! end end Any better ways? Before you point to the :if argument of many validations, this is for a user model which is using authlogic so it has a lot of validation rules. You can stop reading here if you belive me. If you don't, authlogic already sets some :ifs like: :if => :email_changed? which I have to turn into :if => Proc.new {|user| user.email_changed? and user.perform_validation} and in some other cases, since I'm also using authlogic-oid (OpenID) I just don't have control over the :if, authlogic-oid sets it in a way I cannot change it (in time) without further monkey patching. So I have to override seemingly unrelated functions, catch exceptions if a method doesn't exist, etc. The previous hacky solution if the best of my two attempts.

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• Number of simple mutations to change one string to another?

  - by mstksg

  Hi; I'm sure you've all heard of the "Word game", where you try to change one word to another by changing one letter at a time, and only going through valid English words. I'm trying to implement an A* Algorithm to solve it (just to flesh out my understanding of A*) and one of the things that is needed is a minimum-distance heuristic. That is, the minimum number of one of these three mutations that can turn an arbitrary string a into another string b: 1) Change one letter for another 2) Add one letter at a spot before or after any letter 3) Remove any letter Examples aabca => abaca: aabca abca abaca = 2 abcdebf => bgabf: abcdebf bcdebf bcdbf bgdbf bgabf = 4 I've tried many algorithms out; I can't seem to find one that gives the actual answer every time. In fact, sometimes I'm not sure if even my human reasoning is finding the best answer. Does anyone know any algorithm for such purpose? Or maybe can help me find one? Thanks.

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• Creating WPF components in background thread

  - by mizipzor

  Im working on a reporting system, a series of DocumentPage are to be created through a DocumentPaginator. These documents include a number of WPF components that are to be instantiated so the paginator includes the correct things when later sent to the XpsDocumentWriter (which in turn is sent to the actual printer). My problem now is that the DocumentPage instances take quite a while to create (enough for Windows to mark the application as frozen) so I tried to create them in a background thread, which is problematic since WPF expects the attributes on them to be set from the GUI thread. I would also like to have a progress bar showing up, indicating how many pages have been created so far. Thus, it looks like Im trying to get two things to happen in parallell on the GUI. The problem is hard to explain and Im really not sure how to tackle it. In short: Create a series of DocumentPage's. These include WPF components These are to be created on a background thread, or use some other trick so the application isnt frozen. After each page is created, a WPF ProgressBar should be updated. If there is no decent way to do this, alternate solutions and approaches are more than welcome.

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• HTTP Compression problems on IIS7

  - by Jonathan Wood

  I've spent quite a bit of time on this but seem to be going nowhere. I have a large page that I really want to speed up. The obvious place to start seems to be HTTP compression, but I just can't seem to get it to work for me. After considerable searching, I've tried several variations of the code below. It kind of works, but after refreshing the browser, the results seem to fall apart. They were turning to garbage when the page used caching. If I turn off caching, then the page seems right but I lose my CSS formatting (stored in a separate file) and get an error that an included JS file contains invalid characters. Most of the resources I've found on the Web were either very old or focused on accessing IIS directly. My page is running on a shared hosting account and I do not have direct access to IIS7, which it's running on. protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Implement HTTP compression if (Request["HTTP_X_MICROSOFTAJAX"] == null) // Avoid compressing AJAX calls { // Retrieve accepted encodings string encodings = Request.Headers.Get("Accept-Encoding"); if (encodings != null) { // Verify support for or gzip (deflate takes preference) encodings = encodings.ToLower(); if (encodings.Contains("gzip") || encodings == "*") { Response.Filter = new GZipStream(Response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); Response.Cache.VaryByHeaders["Accept-encoding"] = true; } else if (encodings.Contains("deflate")) { Response.Filter = new DeflateStream(Response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); Response.Cache.VaryByHeaders["Accept-encoding"] = true; } } } } Is anyone having better success with this?

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• Is it possible to spoof or reuse VIEWSTATE or detect if it is protected from modification?

  - by Peter Jaric

  Question ASP and ASP.NET web applications use a value called VIEWSTATE in forms. From what I understand, this is used to persist some kind of state on the client between requests to the web server. I have never worked with ASP or ASP.NET and need some help with two questions (and some sub-questions): 1) Is it possible to programmatically spoof/construct a VIEWSTATE for a form? Clarification: can a program look at a form and from that construct the contents of the base64-encoded VIEWSTATE value? 1 a) Or can it always just be left out? 1 b) Can an old VIEWSTATE for a particular form be reused in a later invocation of the same form, or would it just be luck if that worked? 2) I gather from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms972976.aspx#viewstate_topic12 that it is possible to turn on security so that the VIEWSTATE becomes secure from spoofing. Is it possible for a program to detect that a VIEWSTATE is safeguarded in such a way? 2 a) Is there a one-to-one mapping between the occurrence of EVENTVALIDATION values and secure VIEWSTATEs? Regarding 1) and 2), if yes, can I have a hint about how I would do that? For 2) I am thinking I could base64-decode the value and search for a string that always is found in unencrypted VIEWSTATEs. "First:"? Something else? Background I have made a small tool for detecting and exploiting so called CSRF vulnerabilities. I use it to quickly make proof of concepts of such vulnerabilities that I send to the affected site owners. Quite often I encounter these forms with a VIEWSTATE, and these I don't know if they are secure or not. Edit 1: Clarified question 1 somewhat. Edit 2: Added text in italics.

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• A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected: Dealing with these errors proactively, or a

  - by Albert

  I'm noticing this error more and more in my error logs. I've read through the questions here talking about this error, but they don't address what I would like to do (see below). I'm considering three options, in the order of preference: 1) When submitting a form (I use formviews almost exclusively, if that helps), if potentially dangerous characters are detected, automatically strip them out and submit. 2) When submitting a form, if potentially dangerous characters are detected, alert the user and let them fix it before trying again. 3) After the exception is generated, deal with it and alert the user. I'm hoping one of the first two options might be able to do somewhat globally...I know for the 3rd I'd have to alter a TON of Try-Catch blocks I already have in place. Doable, but labor intensive. I'd rather be proactive about it if at all possible and avoid the exception all together. Perhaps one approach to #1 would be to write a block of code that could loop through all text entry fields in a formview, during the insert/update event, and strip the characters out. I'm ok with that, but I'd rather not have to heavily alter all my Insert/Update events to accomplish this. Or maybe I just create a different class to do the text checking/deleting, and only insert 1 line of code in each Insert/Update event. If anyone can come up with some example code of any of these approaches that would be a help. Thanks for any ideas or information. I'm definitely open to other solutions too; these are only the 3 that came to mind. I can say that I don't want to turn request validation off though.

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• Does fast typing influence fast programming? [closed]

  - by Lukasz Lew

  Many young programmers think that their bottleneck is typing speed. After some experience one realizes that it is not the case, you have to think much more than type. At some point my room-mate forced me to turn of the light (he sleeps during the night). I had to learn to touch type and I experienced an actual improvement in programming skill. The most surprising was that the improvement not due to sheer typing speed, but to a change in mindset. I'm less afraid now to try new things and refactor them later if they work well. It's like having a new tool in the bag. Have anyone of you had similar experience? Now I trained a touch typing a little with KTouch. I find auto-generate lessons the best. I can use this program to create new lessons out of text files but it's only verbatim training, not auto-generated based on a language model. Do you know any touch typing program that allows creation of custom, but randomized lessons?

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• How does one implement storage/retrieval of smart-search/mailbox features?

  - by humble_coder

  Hi All, I have a question regarding implementation of smart-search features. For example, consider something like "smart mailboxes" in various email applications. Let's assume you have your data (emails) stored in a database and, depending on the field for which the query will be created, you present different options to the end user. At the moment let's assume the Subject, Verb, Object approach… For instance, say you have the following: SUBJECTs: message, to_address, from_address, subject, date_received VERBs: contains, does_not_contain, is_equal_to, greater_than, less_than OBJECTs: ??????? Now, in case it isn't clear, I want a table structure (although I'm not opposed to an external XMLesque file of some sort) to store (and later retrieve/present) my criteria for smart searches/mailboxes for later use. As an example, using SVO I could easily store then reconstruct a query for "date between two dates" -- simply use "date greater than" AND "date less than". However, what if, in the same smart search, I wanted a "between" OR'ed with another criterion? You can see that it might get out of hand -- not necessarily in the query creation (as that is rather simplistic), but in the option presentation and storage mechanism. Perhaps I need to think more on a more granular level. Perhaps I need to simply allow the user to select AND or OR for each entry independently instead of making it an ALL OR NOTHING type smart search (i.e. instead of MATCH ALL or MATCH ANY, I need to simply allow them to select -- I just don't want it to turn into a Hydra). Any input would be most appreciated. My apologies if the question is a bit incoherent. It is late, and I my brain is toast. Best.

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• Using ASP.NET session state with Silverlight (PRISM)

  - by Jon Andersen

  Hi, The scenario: I have a PRISM application developed in Silverlight (4), and I'm using a ASP.NET server side application to host several web-services (which, in turn, accesses WCF-services, but that's not really important here). The Silverlight application must be able to call the web services cross-domain (meaning that the web services isn't necessarily on the same server hosting the silverlight application). The Silverlight application consists of several modules, each accessing the ASP.NET web-services. I do not have much experience with Silverlight and PRISM, but as far as I can see, this is not a very unusual scenario... The problem: My challange is, that when 2 different modules access the web-services, I get 2 new sessions on the web-server. I would have thought that since both modules live on the same HTML-page (and then also in the same browser session), they would get the same session on the web-server...? I have tried to make the web-service Proxy-client globally available in the container (using Unity), by registering an instance (using Container.RegisterInstance), and then getting this instance whenever a module needs to make a web-service call (using Container.Resolve), but this doesn't seem to help. However, any calls made within the same module always gets the same session on the server. Can anyone see what I'm missing here...? Thanks! Jon

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• Design Philosophy Question - When to create new functions

  - by Eclyps19

  This is a general design question not relating to any language. I'm a bit torn between going for minimum code or optimum organization. I'll use my current project as an example. I have a bunch of tabs on a form that perform different functions. Lets say Tab 1 reads in a file with a specific layout, tab 2 exports a file to a specific location, etc. The problem I'm running into now is that I need these tabs to do something slightly different based on the contents of a variable. If it contains a 1 I may need to use Layout A and perform some extra concatenation, if it contains a 2 I may need to use Layout B and do no concatenation but add two integer fields, etc. There could be 10+ codes that I will be looking at. Is it more preferable to create an individual path for each code early on, or attempt to create a single path that branches out only when absolutely required. Creating an individual path for each code would allow my code to be extremely easy to follow at a glance, which in turn will help me out later on down the road when debugging or making changes. The downside to this is that I will increase the amount of code written by calling some of the same functions in multiple places (for example, steps 3, 5, and 9 for every single code may be exactly the same. Creating a single path that would branch out only when required will be a bit messier and more difficult to follow at a glance, but I would create less code by placing conditionals only at steps that are unique. I realize that this may be a case-by-case decision, but in general, if you were handed a previously built program to work on, which would you prefer?

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• How can I correctly calculate the direction for a moving object?

  - by Jakub Hampl

  I'm solving the following problem: I have an object and I know its position now and its position 300ms ago. I assume the object is moving. I have a point to which I want the object to get. What I need is to get the angle from my current object to the destination point in such a format that I know whether to turn left or right. The idea is to assume the current angle from the last known position and the current position. I'm trying to solve this in MATLAB. I've tried using several variations with atan2 but either I get the wrong angle in some situations (like when my object is going in circles) or I get the wrong angle in all situations. Examples of code that screws up: a = new - old; b = dest - new; alpha = atan2(a(2) - b(2), a(1) - b(1); where new is the current position (eg. x = 40; y = 60; new = [x y];), old is the 300ms old position and dest is the destination point. Edit Here's a picture to demonstrate the problem with a few examples: In the above image there are a few points plotted and annotated. The black line indicates our estimated current facing of the object. If the destination point is dest1 I would expect an angle of about 88°. If the destination point is dest2 I would expect an angle of about 110°. If the destination point is dest3 I would expect an angle of about -80°.

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• How to reduce the need for IISRESET for developing ASP.NET web app in IIS 5.1

  - by John Galt

  I have a web application project on my dev PC running WinXP and hence IIS 5.1. The changes I'm making to this site seem to "take effect" only after I do IISRESET. That is, I make a source change, Rebuild the project and then Start without Debugging (or with debugging). The newly changed code is not "visible" or in effect unless I intervene with an IISRESET. BTW, the "web" tab on the Properties display for the web app project is configured to use the Local IIS web server at project Url: http://localhost/myVirtualDirectory ... but I've noticed the same issue when using the VStudio Dev Server (i.e. I have to stop it by visiting the taskbar tray area in order to see my source changes take effect). Is this something I can change? EDIT UPDATE: Just wanting to clear this up if possible. Two answers diverge below; not sure how to move forward. One states this is to be expected (weakness of IIS 5.1 which in turn is the best WinXP can provide). Another states this is not expected behavior (and I tend to agree since this is the first I've encounted this on the same old WinXP dev platform I've had a long time). I suspect it may be something "deep inside" the Visual Studio 2008 web app which was upgraded to this new IDE from VStudio 2002 (ASP.NET 1.1). I've tried to add comment/questions down each answer path. Thanks.

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• problem using the xsl method for-each

  - by joe

  Using XSL I am trying to turn this XML: <book><title>This is a <b>great</b> book</title></book> into this XML: <book>This is a <bold>great</bold> book</book> using this xsl: <xsl:for-each select="book/title/*"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="name() = 'b'"> <bold> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </bold> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:for-each> but my output is looking like this: <book><bold>great</bold></bold> Can anyone explain why the root text of <title> is getting lost? I believe my for-each select statement may need to be modified but I can't figure out what is should be. Keep in mind that I cannot use an <xsl:template match> because of the complexity of my style sheet. Thanks!

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• Inline function and global variable issue in Javascript

  - by Natim

  I have some code here : http://bitbucket.org/natim/lo53_tp1/src/tip/part3/camions/medias/js/tracking.js That I use to draw some information about trucks direction. The problem come from a function defined in a for loop like this one : ... for(i = 0; i < nb_trucks; i++) { ... contentString = '<div id="content">'+ trucks[i]['name'] + '</div>'; current_window = new google.maps.InfoWindow({ content: contentString }); infosWindow.push(current_window); current_marker = new google.maps.Marker({ map: map, position: new google.maps.LatLng(trucks[i]['end']['lat'], trucks[i]['end']['lon']), draggable: false, title: trucks[i]['name'] }); markers.push(current_marker); google.maps.event.addListener(current_marker, 'click', function() { current_window.open(map, current_marker); }); } In this code, you can see the last block google.maps.event.addListener(current_marker, 'click', function() { current_window.open(map, current_marker); }); And my problem is that current_marker in the addListener parameters is different from the one inside the function. The current_window and the current_marker inside the function is overide at each loop turn. How can I get it right ? Thanks

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• How to write an intersects for Shapes in android

  - by Rafael T

  I have an written an Object called Shape which has a Point representing the topLeftCorner and a Dimension with represents its width and height. To get the topRightCorner I can simply add the width to the topLeftPoint.x. I use to rotate them on a certain degree around their center. The problem after the rotation is, that my intersects(Shape) method fails, because it does not honor the rotation of the Shapes. The rotation will be the same for each Shape. My current implementation looks like this inside my Shape Object: public boolean intersects(Shape s){ // functions returning a Point of shape s return intersects(s.topLeft()) || intersects(s.topRight()) || intersects(s.bottomLeft()) || intersects(s.bottomRight()) || intersects(s.leftCenter()) || intersects(s.rightCenter()) || intersects(s.center()); } public boolean intersects(Point p){ return p.x >= leftX() && p.x <= rightX() && p.y >= topY() && p.y <= bottomY(); } Basically I need functions like rotatedLeftX() or rotatedTopRight() to work properly. Also for that calculation I think it doesn't matter when the topLeft point before a rotation of ie 90 will turn into topRight... I already read this and this Question here, but do not understand it fully.

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• Implicit Type Conversions in Reflection

  - by bradhe

  So I've written a quick bit of code to help quickly convert between business objects and view models. Not to pimp my own blog, but you can find the details here if you're interested or need to know. One issue I've run in to is that I have a custom collection type, ProductCollection, and I need to turn that in to a string[] in on my model. Obviously, since there is no default implicit cast, I'm getting an exception in my contract converter. So, I thought I would write the next little bit of code and that should solve the problem: public static implicit operator string[](ProductCollection collection) { var list = new List<string>(); foreach (var product in collection) { if (product.Id == null) { list.Add(null); } else { list.Add(product.Id.ToString()); } } return list.ToArray(); } However, it still fails with the same cast exception. I'm wondering if it has something to do with being in reflection? If so, is there anything that I can do here?? I'm open to architectural solutions, too!

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• Algorithm Question

  - by Ravi

  Hi, I am trying to find a O (n) algorithm for this problem but unable to do so even after spending 3 - 4 hours. The brute force method times out (O (n^2)). I am confused as to how to do it ? Does the solution requires dynamic programming solution ? http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1794 In short the problem is this: There are some students sitting in circle and each one of them has its own choice as to when he wants to be asked a question from a teacher. The teacher will ask the questions in clockwise order only. For example: 5 3 3 1 5 5 This means that there are 5 students and : 1st student wants to go third 2nd student wants to go third 3rd student wants to go first 4th student wants to go fifth 5th student wants to go fifth. The question is as to where should teacher start asking questions so that maximum number of students will get the turn as they want. For this particular example, the answer is 5 because 3 3 1 5 5 2 3 4 5 1 You can see that by starting at fifth student as 1st, 2 students (3 and 5) are getting the choices as they wanted. For this example the answer is 12th student : 12 5 1 2 3 6 3 8 4 10 3 12 7 because 5 1 2 3 6 3 8 4 10 3 12 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 four students get their choices fulfilled. Thanks Ravi

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• How to count the Chinese word in a file using regex in perl?

  - by Ivan

  I tried following perl code to count the Chinese word of a file, it seems working but not get the right thing. Any help is greatly appreciated. The Error message is Use of uninitialized value $valid in concatenation (.) or string at word_counting.pl line 21, <FILE> line 21. Total things = 125, valid words = which seems to me the problem is the file format. The "total thing" is 125 that is the string number (125 lines). The strangest part is my console displayed all the individual Chinese words correctly without any problem. The utf-8 pragma is installed. #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use utf8; use Encode qw(encode); use Encode::HanExtra; my $input_file = "sample_file.txt"; my ($total, $valid); my %count; open (FILE, "< $input_file") or die "Can't open $input_file: $!"; while (<FILE>) { foreach (split) { #break $_ into words, assign each to $_ in turn $total++; next if /\W|^\d+/; #strange words skip the remainder of the loop $valid++; $count{$_}++; # count each separate word stored in a hash ## next comes here ## } } print "Total things = $total, valid words = $valid\n"; foreach my $word (sort keys %count) { print "$word \t was seen \t $count{$word} \t times.\n"; } ##---Data---- sample_file.txt ??????,???????,????.??????.????:"?????????????,??????,????????.????????,?????????, ???????????.????????,???????????,??????,??????.???:`??,???????????.'?????, ??????????."??????,??????.????.???, ????????????,????,??????,?????????,??????????????. ????????,??????,???????????,????????,????????.????,????,???????, ??????????,??????,????????.??????.

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• Entity Framework 4 + POCO with custom classes and WCF contracts (serialization problem)

  - by eman

  Yesterday I worked on a project where I upgraded to Entity Framework 4 with the Repository pattern. In one post, I have read that it is necessary to turn off the custom tool generator classes and then write classes (same like entites) by hand. That I can do it, I used the POCO Entity Generator and then deleted the new generated files .tt and all subordinate .cs classes. Then I wrote the "entity classes" by myself. I added the repository pattern and implemented it in the business layer and then implemented a WCF layer, which should call the methods from the business layer. By calling an Insert (Add) method from the presentation layer and everything is OK. But if I call any method that should return some class, then I get an error like (the connection was interrupted by the server). I suppose there is a problem with the serialization or am I wrong? How can by this problem solved? I'm using Visual Studio S2010, Entity Framework 4, C#. UPDATE: I have uploaded the project and hope somebody can help me! link text UPDATE 2: My questions: Why is POCO good (pros/cons)? When should POCO be used? Is POCO + the repository pattern a good choice? Should POCO classes by written by myself or could I use auto generated POCO classes?

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• What is the optimum way to select the most dissimilar individuals from a population?

  - by Aaron D

  I have tried to use k-means clustering to select the most diverse markers in my population, for example, if we want to select 100 lines I cluster the whole population to 100 clusters then select the closest marker to the centroid from each cluster. The problem with my solution is it takes too much time (probably my function needs optimization), especially when the number of markers exceeds 100000. So, I will appreciate it so much if anyone can show me a new way to select markers that maximize diversity in my population and/or help me optimize my function to make it work faster. Thank you # example: library(BLR) data(wheat) dim(X) mdf<-mostdiff(t(X), 100,1,nstart=1000) Here is the mostdiff function that i used: mostdiff <- function(markers, nClust, nMrkPerClust, nstart=1000) { transposedMarkers <- as.array(markers) mrkClust <- kmeans(transposedMarkers, nClust, nstart=nstart) save(mrkClust, file="markerCluster.Rdata") # within clusters, pick the markers that are closest to the cluster centroid # turn the vector of which markers belong to which clusters into a list nClust long # each element of the list is a vector of the markers in that cluster clustersToList <- function(nClust, clusters) { vecOfCluster <- function(whichClust, clusters) { return(which(whichClust == clusters)) } return(apply(as.array(1:nClust), 1, vecOfCluster, clusters)) } pickCloseToCenter <- function(vecOfCluster, whichClust, transposedMarkers, centers, pickHowMany) { clustSize <- length(vecOfCluster) # if there are fewer than three markers, the center is equally distant from all so don't bother if (clustSize < 3) return(vecOfCluster[1:min(pickHowMany, clustSize)]) # figure out the distance (squared) between each marker in the cluster and the cluster center distToCenter <- function(marker, center){ diff <- center - marker return(sum(diff*diff)) } dists <- apply(transposedMarkers[vecOfCluster,], 1, distToCenter, center=centers[whichClust,]) return(vecOfCluster[order(dists)[1:min(pickHowMany, clustSize)]]) } }

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