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  • What is the most useful R trick?

    - by Dirk Eddelbuettel
    In order to share some more tips and tricks for R, what is you single-most useful feature or trick? Clever vectorization? Data input/output? Visualization and graphics? Statistical analysis? Special functions? The interactive environment itself? One item per post, and we will see if we get a winner by means of votes. [Edit 25-Aug 2008]: So after one week, it seems that the simple str() won the poll. As I like to recommend that one myself, it is an easy answer to accept.

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  • What was that tutorial on pointers?

    - by pecker
    Hello, I once read a tutorial/article on Pointers somewhere. It was not a general tutorial but it explained how to clearly understand the complex & confusing pointers (especially like the ones that are usually asked in interview). It was more like http://www.codeweblog.com/right-left-rule-complex-pointer-analysis/ I'm unable to find it. Could any one post it here. PS: I did tried to google it but couldn't find. I'm asking it here because I thought it was popular.

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  • Roguelike FOV problem

    - by Manderin87
    I am working on a college compsci project and I would like some help with a field of view algorithm. I works mostly, but in some situations the algorithm sees through walls and hilights walls the player should not be able to see. void cMap::los(int x0, int y0, int radius) { //Does line of sight from any particular tile for(int x = 0; x < m_Height; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < m_Width; y++) { getTile(x,y)->setVisible(false); } } double xdif = 0; double ydif = 0; bool visible = false; float dist = 0; for (int x = MAX(x0 - radius,0); x < MIN(x0 + radius, m_Height); x++) { //Loops through x values within view radius for (int y = MAX(y0 - radius,0); y < MIN(y0 + radius, m_Width); y++) { //Loops through y values within view radius xdif = pow( (double) x - x0, 2); ydif = pow( (double) y - y0, 2); dist = (float) sqrt(xdif + ydif); //Gets the distance between the two points if (dist <= radius) { //If the tile is within view distance, visible = line(x0, y0, x, y); //check if it can be seen. if (visible) { //If it can be seen, getTile(x,y)->setVisible(true); //Mark that tile as viewable } } } } } bool cMap::line(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1) { bool steep = abs(y1-y0) > abs(x1-x0); if (steep) { swap(x0, y0); swap(x1, y1); } if (x0 > x1) { swap(x0,x1); swap(y0,y1); } int deltax = x1-x0; int deltay = abs(y1-y0); int error = deltax/2; int ystep; int y = y0; if (y0 < y1) ystep = 1; else ystep = -1; for (int x = x0; x < x1; x++) { if ( steep && getTile(y,x)->isBlocked()) { getTile(y,x)->setVisible(true); getTile(y,x)->setDiscovered(true); return false; } else if (!steep && getTile(x,y)->isBlocked()) { getTile(x,y)->setVisible(true); getTile(x,y)->setDiscovered(true); return false; } error -= deltay; if (error < 0) { y = y + ystep; error = error + deltax; } } return true; } If anyone could help me make the first blocked tiles visible but stops the rest, I would appreciate it. thanks, Manderin87

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  • Screening (multi)collinearity in a reggresion model

    - by aL3xa
    I hope that this one is not going to be "ask-and-answer" question... here goes: (multi)collinearity refers to extremely high correlations between predictors in the regression model. How to cure them... well, sometimes you don't need to "cure" collinearity, since it doesn't affect regression model itself, but interpretation of an effect of individual predictors. One way to spot collinearity is to put each predictor as a dependent variable, and other predictors as independent variables, determine R2, and if it's larger than .9 (or .95), we can consider predictor redundant. This is one "method"... what about other approaches? Some of them are time consuming, like excluding predictors from model and watching for b-coefficient changes - they should be noticeably different. Of course, we must always bare in mind specific context/goal of analysis... Sometimes, only remedy is to repeat a research, but right now, I'm interested in various ways of screening redundant predictors when (multi)collinearity occurs in a regression model.

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  • Strange performance behaviour for 64 bit modulo operation

    - by codymanix
    The last three of these method calls take approx. double the time than the first four. The only difference is that their arguments doesn't fit in integer anymore. But should this matter? The parameter is declared to be long, so it should use long for calculation anyway. Does the modulo operation use another algorithm for numbersmaxint? I am using amd athlon64 3200+, winxp sp3 and vs2008. Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue - 3l); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue - 2l); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue - 1l); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue + 1l); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue + 2l); TestLong(sw, int.MaxValue + 3l); Console.ReadLine(); static void TestLong(Stopwatch sw, long num) { long n = 0; sw.Reset(); sw.Start(); for (long i = 3; i < 20000000; i++) { n += num % i; } sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(sw.Elapsed); } EDIT: I now tried the same with C and the issue does not occur here, all modulo operations take the same time, in release and in debug mode with and without optimizations turned on: #include "stdafx.h" #include "time.h" #include "limits.h" static void TestLong(long long num) { long long n = 0; clock_t t = clock(); for (long long i = 3; i < 20000000LL*100; i++) { n += num % i; } printf("%d - %lld\n", clock()-t, n); } int main() { printf("%i %i %i %i\n\n", sizeof (int), sizeof(long), sizeof(long long), sizeof(void*)); TestLong(3); TestLong(10); TestLong(131); TestLong(INT_MAX - 1L); TestLong(UINT_MAX +1LL); TestLong(INT_MAX + 1LL); TestLong(LLONG_MAX-1LL); getchar(); return 0; } EDIT2: Thanks for the great suggestions. I found that both .net and c (in debug as well as in release mode) does't not use atomically cpu instructions to calculate the remainder but they call a function that does. In the c program I could get the name of it which is "_allrem". It also displayed full source comments for this file so I found the information that this algorithm special cases the 32bit divisors instead of dividends which was the case in the .net application. I also found out that the performance of the c program really is only affected by the value of the divisor but not the dividend. Another test showed that the performance of the remainder function in the .net program depends on both the dividend and divisor. BTW: Even simple additions of long long values are calculated by a consecutive add and adc instructions. So even if my processor calls itself 64bit, it really isn't :( EDIT3: I now ran the c app on a windows 7 x64 edition, compiled with visual studio 2010. The funny thing is, the performance behavior stays the same, although now (I checked the assembly source) true 64 bit instructions are used.

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  • Convert object to DateRange

    - by user655832
    I'm querying an underlying PostgreSQL database using Pandas 0.8. Pandas is returning the DataFrame properly but the underlying timestamp column in my database is being returned as a generic "object" type in Pandas. As I would eventually like to seasonal normalization of my data I am curious as to how to convert this generic "object" column to something that is appropriate for analysis. Here is my current code to retrieve the data: # get records from db example import pandas.io.sql as psql import psycopg2 # define query to get all subs created this year QRY = """ select i i, i * random() f, case when random() > 0.5 then true else false end t, (current_date - (i*random())::int)::timestamp with time zone tsz from generate_series(1,1000) as s(i) order by 4 ; """ CONN_STRING = "host='localhost' port=5432 dbname='postgres' user='postgres'" # connect to db conn = psycopg2.connect(CONN_STRING) # get some data set index on relid column df = psql.frame_query(QRY, con=conn) print "Row count retrieved: %i" % (len(df),) Thanks for any help you can render. M

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  • Java resource management: please help to understand Findbugs results.

    - by java.is.for.desktop
    Hello, everyone! Findbugs bugs me about a method which opens two Closeable instances, but I can't understand why. Source public static void sourceXmlToBeautifiedXml(File input, File output) throws TransformerException, IOException, JAXBException { FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(input); FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(output); try { // may throw something sourceXmlToBeautifiedXml(fileReader, fileWriter); } finally { try { fileReader.close(); } finally { fileWriter.close(); } } } Findbugs analysis Findbugs tells me Method [...] may fail to clean up java.io.Reader [...] and points to the line with FileReader fileReader = ... Question Who is wrong: me or Findbugs?

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  • Creating an Excel Template for different data size

    - by dassouki
    I created an excel template for a file i've done for a routine work calculation. The file takes data from the data logger and does some analysis on it and outputs one number regardless of the input size. The problem I'm having is i have to modify the sheet to suit the number of rows, as everyday the data logger outputs a different number of rows. there are about 15 sheets in the workbook and it's annoying to have to change everyone of them everyday. What i'd like to do input the data logger csv, and boom the result gets outputted. Is there a way through vba or not to ahieve

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  • Leak caused by fread

    - by Jack
    I'm profiling code of a game I wrote and I'm wondering how it is possible that the following snippet causes an heap increase of 4kb (I'm profiling with Heapshot Analysis of Xcode) every time it is executed: u8 WorldManager::versionOfMap(FILE *file) { char magic[4]; u8 version; fread(magic, 4, 1, file); <-- this is the line fread(&version,1,1,file); fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET); return version; } According to the profiler the highlighted line allocates 4.00Kb of memory with a malloc every time the function is called, memory which is never released. This thing seems to happen with other calls to fread around the code, but this was the most eclatant one. Is there anything trivial I'm missing? Is it something internal I shouldn't care about? Just as a note: I'm profiling it on an iPhone and it's compiled as release (-O2).

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  • R: including model specifications in xtable(anova(...))

    - by HamiltonUlmer
    Hello R comrades: I have a bunch of loglinear models, which, for our purposes will just be glm() objects called mx, my, mz. I want to get a nicely-formatted xtable of the analysis of deviance, so naturally I would want to perform xtable(anova(mx, my, mz, test = "Chisq")). The vanilla output of xtable, however, doesn't include the model specifications. I'd like to include those for all the ANOVA tests I'm running, so if there is not a param I'm missing that does this I'll probably just have to hack up my own solution. But looking over the help page, there doesn't seem to be an easy way to include the model specifications. Any thoughts? Alternatives? If it helps this was done in 2.9.1 with xtable 1.5-5.

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  • Processing an n-ary ANTLR AST one child at a time

    - by Chris Lieb
    I currently have a compiler that uses an AST where all children of a code block are on the same level (ie, block.children == {stm1, stm2, stm3, etc...}). I am trying to do liveness analysis on this tree, which means that I need to take the value returned from the processing of stm1 and then pass it to stm2, then take the value returned by stm2 and pass it to stm3, and so on. I do not see a way of executing the child rules in this fashion when the AST is structured this way. Is there a way to allow me to chain the execution of the child grammar items with my given AST, or am I going to have to go through the painful process of refactoring the parser to generate a nested structure and updating the rest of the compiler to work with the new AST? Example ANTLR grammar fragment: block : ^(BLOCK statement*) ; statement : // stuff ; What I hope I don't have to go to: block : ^(BLOCK statementList) ; statementList : ^(StmLst statement statement+) | ^(StmLst statement) ; statement : // stuff ;

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  • Screen capture during testing

    - by Edwward
    This is an application for reviewing performance tests. Simple in concept, tricky to describe. Picture: 1) Recording interactions with a WPF program so the inputs can be played back. 2) Playing the inputs back while doing a continuous screen capture. 3) Capturing wall time as well as continuous CPU percentages during playback. 4) Repeating steps (2) and (3) lots of times. 5) Writing the relevant stuff out to files/db. 6) Reading it and putting it all in a fancy UI for easy review/analysis. The killer for me is (2). I could use some guidance on a good, possibly commercial, screen capture SDK. I would also welcome the news that my whole problem already has a solution. And of course any thoughts on the overall idea would also be great. Thanks. Ed

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  • linux/shell: change a file's modify timestamp relatively?

    - by index
    My Canon camera produces files like IMG_1234.JPG and MVI_1234.AVI. It also timestamps those files. Unfortunately during a trip to another timezone several cameras were used, one of which did not have the correct time zone set - meta data mess.. Now I would like to correct this (not EXIF, the file's "modify" timestamp on disk). Proposed algorithm: 1 read file's modify date 2 add delta, i.e. hhmmss (preferred: change timezone) 3 write new timestamp Unless someone knows a tool or a combination of tools that do the trick directly, maybe one could simplify the calculation using epoch time (seconds since ..) and whip up a shell script. Any help appreciated!

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  • Have you switched from CodeIgniter to Kohana?

    - by Eli
    Hi All, I usually just work with straight PHP, but want to try MVC and see if a framework will really speed up development. After much waffling, analysis paralysis, and many dumb SO questions, I thought I had settled on CodeIgniter for my next PHP project. However, I am now seriously considering Kohana. Has anyone made the switch from CI to Kohana? If so, why? What's better about the actual code, libraries, etc? Edit: Hi All, I did end up going with Kohana. It's easy to use, but more importantly, it's easy NOT to use, since there are a lot of things I like to work with native PHP for. It's ridiculously extensible, well coded, and seems like it is beginning to pull out ahead of CI in a few things like putting views in views, passing subview data, etc. I am sure CI will catch up, but Kohana should be 3 steps ahead by then =o)

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  • Performance Overhead of Perf Event Subsystem in Linux Kernel

    - by Bo Xiao
    Performance counters for Linux are a new kernel-based subsystem that provide a framework for all things performance analysis. It covers hardware level (CPU/PMU, Performance Monitoring Unit) features and software features (software counters, tracepoints) as well. Since 2.6.33, the kernel provide 'perf_event_create_kernel_counter' kernel api for developers to create kernel counter to collect system runtime information. What I concern most is the performance impact on overall system when tracepoint/ftrace is enabled. There are no docs I can find about them. I was once told that ftrace was implemented by dynamically patching code, will it slow the system dramatically?

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  • Is my TFS2010 backup/restore hosed?

    - by bwerks
    Hi all, I recently set up a sandbox TFS to test TFS-specific features without interfering with the production TFS. I was happy I did this sooner than I thought--I hadn't been backing up the encryption key from SSRS and upon restoring the reporting databases, they remained inactive, requiring initialization that could only come from applying the encryption key. Said encryption key was lost when I nuked the partition after backing up the TFS databases. The only option I seemed to have is to delete the encrypted data. I'm fine with this, since there wasn't much in there to begin with, however once they're deleted I'm not quite sure how to configure TFS to recognize a new installation of these services while using the restored versions of everything else. Unfortunately, the TFS help file doesn't seem to account for this state though. Is there a way to essentially rebuild the reporting and analysis databases? Or are they gone forever?

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  • weighted RNG speed problem in C++

    - by supert
    I have a (fast) bit of C++ code that samples cards from a 52 card deck: void sample_allcards(int table[5], int holes[], int players) { int temp[5 + 2 * players]; bool try_again; int c, n, i; for (i = 0; i < 5 + 2 * players; i++) { try_again = true; while (try_again == true) { try_again = false; c = fast_rand52(); // reject collisions for (n = 0; n < i + 1; n++) { try_again = (temp[n] == c) || try_again; } temp[i] = c; } } copy_cards(table, temp, 5); copy_cards(holes, temp + 5, 2 * players); } I am implementing code to sample the hole cards according to a known distribution (stored as a 2d table). My code for this looks like: void sample_allcards_weighted(double weights[][HOLE_CARDS], int table[5], int holes[], int players) { // weights are distribution over hole cards int temp[5 + 2 * players]; int n, i; // table cards for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { bool try_again = true; while (try_again == true) { try_again = false; int c = fast_rand52(); // reject collisions for (n = 0; n < i + 1; n++) { try_again = (temp[n] == c) || try_again; } temp[i] = c; } } for (int player = 0; player < players; player++) { // hole cards according to distribution i = 5 + 2 * player; bool try_again = true; while (try_again == true) { try_again = false; // weighted-sample c1 and c2 at once double w[1326]; memcpy(w, weights[player], sizeof(w)); // h is a number < 1325 int h = weighted_randi(w, HOLE_CARDS); // i2h uses h and sets temp[i] to the 2 cards implied by h i2h(&temp[i], h); // reject collisions for (n = 0; n < i; n++) { try_again = (temp[n] == temp[i]) || (temp[n] == temp[i+1]) || try_again; } } } copy_cards(table, temp, 5); copy_cards(holes, temp + 5, 2 * players); } My problem? The weighted sampling algorithm is a factor of 10 slower. Speed is very important for my application. Is there a way to improve the speed of my algorithm to something more reasonable? Am I doing something wrong in my implementation? Thanks.

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  • to get columns from Excel files using Apache POI??

    - by posdef
    Hi, In order to do some statistical analysis I need to extract values in a column of an Excel sheet. I have been using the Apache POI package to read from Excel files, and it works fine when one needs to iterate over rows. However I couldn't find anything about getting columns neither in the API (link text) nor through google searching. As I need to get max and min values of different columns and generate random numbers using these values, so without picking up individual columns, the only other option is to iterate over rows and columns to get the values and compare one by one, which doesn't sound all that time-efficient. Any ideas on how to tackle this problem? Thanks,

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  • Bitmap manipulation in C++ on Windows

    - by Oliver
    Hi, I have myself a handle to a bitmap, in C++, on Windows: HBITMAP hBitmap; On this image I want to do some Image Recognition, pattern analysis, that sort of thing. In my studies at University, I have done this in Matlab, it is quite easy to get at the individual pixels based on their position, but I have no idea how to do this in C++ under Windows - I haven't really been able to understand what I have read so far. I have seen some references to a nice looking Bitmap class that lets you setPixel() and getPixel() and that sort of thing, but I think this is with .net . How should I go about turning my HBITMAP into something I can play with easily? I need to be able to get at the RGBA information. Are there libraries that allow me to work with the data without having to learn about DCs and BitBlt and that sort of thing?

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  • fortran error I/O

    - by jpcgandre
    I get this error when compiling: forrtl: severe (256): unformatted I/O to unit open for formatted transfers, unit 27, file C:\Abaqus_JOBS\w.txt The error occurs in the beginning of the analysis. At the start, the file w.txt is created but is empty. The error may be related to the fact that I want to read from an empty file. My code is: OPEN(27, FILE = "C:/Abaqus_JOBS/w.txt", status = "UNKNOWN") READ(27, *, iostat=stat) w IF (stat .NE. 0) CALL del_file(27, stat) SUBROUTINE del_file(uFile, stat) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER uFile, stat C If the unit is not open, stat will be non-zero CLOSE(unit=uFile, status='delete', iostat=stat) END SUBROUTINE Ref: Close multiple files If you agree with my opion about the cause of the error, is there a way to solve it? Thanks

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  • Random List of millions of elements in Python Efficiently

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have read this answer potentially as the best way to randomize a list of strings in Python. I'm just wondering then if that's the most efficient way to do it because I have a list of about 30 million elements via the following code: import json from sets import Set from random import shuffle a = [] for i in range(0,193): json_data = open("C:/Twitter/user/user_" + str(i) + ".json") data = json.load(json_data) for j in range(0,len(data)): a.append(data[j]['su']) new = list(Set(a)) print "Cleaned length is: " + str(len(new)) ## Take Cleaned List and Randomize it for Analysis shuffle(new) If there is a more efficient way to do it, I'd greatly appreciate any advice on how to do it. Thanks,

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  • Java source code generation frameworks

    - by Superfilin
    I have a set of Java 5 source files with old-style Doclet tags, comments and annotations. And based on that I would like to write a generator for another set of Java classes. What is the best way to do that? And are there any good standalone libraries for code analysis/generation in Java? Any shared exprience in this field is appreciated. So, far I have found these: JaxME's Java Source Reflection - seems good, but it does not seem to support annotations. Also it had no release since 2006. Annogen - uses JDK's Doclet generator, which has some bugs under 1.5 JDK. Also it had no releases for a long time. Javaparser - seems good as well and pretty recent, but only supports Visitor pattern for a single class i.e. no query mechanism like in the 2 above packages.

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  • Simple and efficient distribution of C++/Boost source code (amalgamation)

    - by Arrieta
    Hello: My job mostly consists of engineering analysis, but I find myself distributing code more and more frequently among my colleagues. A big pain is that not every user is proficient in the intricacies of compiling source code, and I cannot distribute executables. I've been working with C++ using Boost, and the problem is that I cannot request every sysadmin of every network to install the libraries. Instead, I want to distribute a single source file (or as few as possible) so that the user can g++ source.c -o program. So, the question is: can you pack the Boost libraries with your code, and end up with a single file? I am talking about the Boost libraries which are "headers only" or "templates only". As an inspiration, please look at the distribution of SQlite or the Lemon Parser Generator; the author amalgamates the stuff into a single source file which is trivial to compile. Thank you.

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  • How can I use splne() with ggplot?

    - by David
    I would like to fit my data using spline(y~x) but all of the examples that I can find use a spline with smoothing, e.g. lm(y~ns(x), df=_). I want to use spline() specifically because I am using this to do the analysis represented by the plot that I am making. Is there a simple way to use spline() in ggplot? I have considered the hackish approach of fitting a line using geom_smooth(aes(x=(spline(y~x)$x, y=spline(y~x)$y)) but I would prefer not to have to resort to this. Thanks!

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  • RUP (Rational Unified Process)

    - by tony
    I have chosen to use the development method RUP (Rational Unified Process) in my project. This is a method I've never used before. I've also included some elements from Scrum in the development process. The question is what the requirement specifications should contain in a RUP-model? Is it functional and non-functional requirements? And what should be included in a technical analysis and security requirements for RUP? Can’t find any information. Notes about this would be helpful. Hope people with RUP experience can share some useful experiences

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