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  • ImportError using nose, no ImportError using raw unittest ?

    - by southof40
    I get an ImportError when running my unittests using Nose and I don't when I just run it standalone. All files referred to here may be seen at http://gist.github.com/395541# . If I run the test script, importTest-Test.py, directly I get this output: C:\usr\x\data\src\Python\mmm>python importTest-Test.py In mmdb In BusinessLogic [] . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 0.001s If I allow Nose to run it I get an error : C:\usr\x\data\src\Python\mmm>nosetests.exe E ====================================================================== ERROR: Failure: ImportError (No module named mmdb.DataAccess.AttemptDB) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\bin\installed\python2.6\lib\site-packages\nose-0.11.3-py2.6.egg\nose\loader.py", line 382, in loadTestsFromName addr.filename, addr.module) File "c:\bin\installed\python2.6\lib\site-packages\nose-0.11.3-py2.6.egg\nose\importer.py", line 39, in importFromPath return self.importFromDir(dir_path, fqname) File "c:\bin\installed\python2.6\lib\site-packages\nose-0.11.3-py2.6.egg\nose\importer.py", line 86, in importFromDir mod = load_module(part_fqname, fh, filename, desc) File "C:\usr\x\data\src\Python\mmm\importtest-Test.py", line 2, in <module> import importtest File "C:\usr\x\data\src\Python\mmm\importtest.py", line 1, in <module> from mmdb.BusinessLogic.AttemptManager import AttemptManager File "C:\usr\x\data\src\Python\mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic\AttemptManager.py", line 1, in <module> from mmdb.DataAccess.AttemptDB import AttemptDB ImportError: No module named mmdb.DataAccess.AttemptDB ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 0.002s FAILED (errors=1) The files involved in the package which nose is having difficulties with are in the following structure - some may be seen here http://gist.github.com/395541# .: mmm\importtest-Test.py mmm\importtest.py mmm\mmdb mmm\__init__.py mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic mmm\mmdb\BusinessObject mmm\mmdb\DataAccess mmm\mmdb\__init__.py mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic\AttemptManager.py mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic\Collections mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic\__init__.py mmm\mmdb\BusinessLogic\Collections\__init__.py mmm\mmdb\BusinessObject\__init__.py mmm\mmdb\DataAccess\AttemptDB.py mmm\mmdb\DataAccess\__init__.py This is happening on Win32 / Python 2.6 / Nose 0.11.3 . I'd be grateful for any help. thanks.

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  • TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, User found

    - by Clemens
    hi, i have to crawl last.fm for users (university exercise). I'm new to python and get following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "crawler.py", line 23, in <module> for f in user_.get_friends(limit='200'): File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 2717, in get_friends for node in _collect_nodes(limit, self, "user.getFriends", False): File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 3409, in _collect_nodes doc = sender._request(method_name, cacheable, params) File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 969, in _request return _Request(self.network, method_name, params).execute(cacheable) File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 721, in __init__ self.sign_it() File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 727, in sign_it self.params['api_sig'] = self._get_signature() File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pylast.py", line 740, in _get_signature string += self.params[name] TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, User found i use the pylast lib for crawling. what i want to do: i want to get a users friends and the friends of the users friends. the error occurs, when i have a for loop in another for loop. here's the code: network = pylast.get_lastfm_network(api_key = API_KEY, api_secret = API_SECRET, username = username, password_hash = password_hash) user = network.get_user("vidarnelson") friends = user.get_friends(limit='200') i = 1 for friend in friends: user_ = network.get_user(friend) print '#%d %s' % (i, friend) i = i + 1 for f in user_.get_friends(limit='200'): print f any advice? thanks in advance. regards!

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  • virtualenv macosX --no-site-package ignored

    - by Tristram Gräbener
    Hello, I'm having problems with macOSX and virtualenv. It seems to ignore --no-site-package. Using exactly the same commands with linux (archlinux) it works. It it macOSX 10.5 with python 2.5 curl -o virtualenv.py 'http://bitbucket.org/ianb/virtualenv/raw/tip/virtualenv.py Create a new environment python virtualenv.py --no-site-packages foo New python executable in foo/bin/python Installing setuptools...........................done. Activate it source foo/bin/activate Try to install something in it. Despite virtualenv it looks for the system-wide install easy_install cherrypy Searching for cherrypy Best match: CherryPy 3.1.2 Adding CherryPy 3.1.2 to easy-install.pth file Using /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages Processing dependencies for cherrypy Finished processing dependencies for cherrypy Yet it doesn't find the module (foo)guidage-multimodal:~ tristram$ python Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 6 2009, 19:02:12) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import cherrypy Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named cherrypy I tried PIP after looking at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1382925/virtualenv-no-site-packages-and-pip-still-finding-global-packages However it fails installing psycopg2 (some problems with gcc). Also I would like to be able to have a setup.py (from distribute) that does the whole woork

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  • Python3 and ftplib uploading files

    - by Teifion
    My python2 script uploads files nicely using this method but python3 is presenting problems and I'm stuck as to where to go next (googling hasn't helped). from ftplib import FTP ftp = FTP(ftp_host, ftp_user, ftp_pass) ftp.storbinary('STOR myfile.txt', open('myfile.txt')) The error I get is Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/rob3/functions/cli_f.py", line 12, in upload ftp.storlines('STOR myfile.txt', open('myfile.txt')) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 454, in storbinary conn.sendall(buf) TypeError: must be bytes or buffer, not str I tried altering the code to from ftplib import FTP ftp = FTP(ftp_host, ftp_user, ftp_pass) ftp.storbinary('STOR myfile.txt'.encode('utf-8'), open('myfile.txt')) But instead I got this Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/rob3/functions/cli_f.py", line 12, in upload ftp.storbinary('STOR myfile.txt'.encode('utf-8'), open('myfile.txt')) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 450, in storbinary conn = self.transfercmd(cmd) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 358, in transfercmd return self.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest)[0] File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 329, in ntransfercmd resp = self.sendcmd(cmd) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 244, in sendcmd self.putcmd(cmd) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 179, in putcmd self.putline(line) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.1/lib/python3.1/ftplib.py", line 172, in putline line = line + CRLF TypeError: can't concat bytes to str Can anybody point me in the right direction

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  • Longer execution through Java shell than console?

    - by czuk
    I have a script in Python which do some computations. When I run this script in console it takes about 7 minutes to complete but when I run it thought Java shell it takes three times longer. I use following code to execute the script in Java: this.p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("script.py --batch", envp); this.input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); this.output = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(p.getOutputStream())); this.error = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream())); Do you have any suggestion why the Python script runs three time longer in Java than in a console? update The computation goes as follow: Java sends data to the Python. Python reads the data. Python generates a decision tree --- this is a long operation. Python sends a confirmation that the tree is ready. Java receives the confirmation. Later there is a series of communications between Java and Python but it takes only several second.

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  • this is my Receiving Email code,but can't Receiving Email .. (google-app-engine)

    - by zjm1126
    import logging, email from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp.mail_handlers import InboundMailHandler from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app class LogSenderHandler(InboundMailHandler): def receive(self, message): _subject = message.subject _sender=message.sender bodies = message.bodies('text/plain') allBodies = "" #for body in bodies: # allBodies = allBodies + "\n---------------------------\n" + body[1].decode() #m= mail.EmailMessage(sender="[email protected] ",subject="reply to "+_subject) #m.to = _sender #m.body =allBodies #m.send() message = mail.EmailMessage(sender="[email protected]", subject="Your account has been approved") message.to = _sender message.body = """ Dear Albert: Your example.com account has been approved. You can now visit http://www.example.com/ and sign in using your Google Account to access new features. Please let us know if you have any questions. The example.com Team """ message.send() application = webapp.WSGIApplication([LogSenderHandler.mapping()], debug=True) app.yaml: application: zjm1126 version: 1-2 runtime: python api_version: 1 inbound_services: - mail handlers: - url: /media static_dir: media - url: /_ah/mail/.+ script: handle_incoming_email.py login: admin - url: / script: a.py - url: /sign script: a.py - url: .* script: django_bootstrap.py i use my email:[email protected] send some words to [email protected] but i can't get a Receiving Email, why ??? thanks and this is the log:

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  • Why isn't pyinstaller making me an .exe file?

    - by Matt Miller
    I am attempting to follow this guide to make a simple Hello World script into an .exe file. I have Windows Vista with an AMD 64-bit processor I have installed Python 2.6.5 (Windows AMD64 version) I have set the PATH (if that's the right word) so that the command line recognizes Python I have installed UPX (there only seems to be a 32-bit version for Windows) and pasted a copy of upx.exe into the Python26 folder as instructed. I have installed Pywin (Windows AMD 64 Python 2.6 version) I have run Pyinstaller's Configure.py. It gives some error messages but seems to complete. I don't know if this is what's causing the problem, so the following is what it says when I run it: C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26winConfigure.py I: read old config from C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\config.dat I: computing EXE_dependencies I: Finding TCL/TK... I: Analyzing C:\Python26\DLLs_tkinter.pyd W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\DLLs_tkinter.pyd W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Python26\DLLs_ctypes.pyd W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\DLLs_ctypes.pyd W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Python26\DLLs\select.pyd W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\DLLs\select.pyd W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Python26\DLLs\unicodedata.pyd W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\DLLs\unicodedata.pyd W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Python26\DLLs\bz2.pyd W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\DLLs\bz2.pyd W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Python26\python.exe I: Dependent assemblies of C:\Python26\python.exe: I: amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none I: Searching for assembly amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_ none... I: Found manifest C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a 1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b.manifest I: Searching for file msvcr90.dll I: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21 022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcr90.dll I: Searching for file msvcp90.dll I: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21 022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcp90.dll I: Searching for file msvcm90.dll I: Found file C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21 022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcm90.dll I: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.manifest I: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT\msvcr90.dll I: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT\msvcp90.dll I: Adding Microsoft.VC90.CRT\msvcm90.dll W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Python26\python.exe W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Windows\WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e 3b_9.0.21022.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b.manifest I: Analyzing C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.210 22.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcr90.dll W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_ 750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcr90.dll W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.210 22.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcp90.dll W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_ 750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcp90.dll W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: Analyzing C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.210 22.8_none_750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcm90.dll W: Cannot get binary dependencies for file: W: C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_ 750b37ff97f4f68b\msvcm90.dll W: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 608, in get Imports return _getImports_pe(pth) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\bindepend.py", line 275, in _ge tImports_pe importva, importsz = datadirs[1] IndexError: list index out of range I: could not find TCL/TK I: testing for Zlib... I: ... Zlib available I: Testing for ability to set icons, version resources... I: ... resource update available I: Testing for Unicode support... I: ... Unicode available I: testing for UPX... I: ...UPX available I: computing PYZ dependencies... I: done generating C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\config.dat My Python script (named Hello.py) is the same as the example: #!/usr/bin/env python for i in xrange(10000): print "Hello, World!" This is my BAT file, in the same directory: set PIP=C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\ python %PIP%Makespec.py --onefile --console --upx --tk Hello.py python %PIP%Build.py Hello.spec When I run Hello.bat in the command prompt several files are made, none of which are an .exe file, and the following is displayed: C:\My Filesset PIP=C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\ C:\My Filespython C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Makespec.py --onefil e --console --upx --tk Hello.py wrote C:\My Files\Hello.spec now run Build.py to build the executable C:\My Filespython C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Build.py Hello.spec I: Dependent assemblies of C:\Python26\python.exe: I: amd64_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Build.py", line 1359, in main(args[0], configfilename=opts.configfile) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Build.py", line 1337, in main build(specfile) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Build.py", line 1297, in build execfile(spec) File "Hello.spec", line 3, in pathex=['C:\My Files']) File "C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\Build.py", line 292, in _init _ raise ValueError, "script '%s' not found" % script ValueError: script 'C:\Python26\Pyinstaller\branches\py26win\support\useTK.py' n ot found I have limited knowledge with the command prompt, so please take baby steps with me if I need to do something there.

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  • [Gdata] GetAuthSubToken returns None

    - by Matt
    Hey guys, I am a little lost on how to get the auth token. Here is the code I am using on the return from authorizing my app: client = gdata.service.GDataService() gdata.alt.appengine.run_on_appengine(client) sessionToken = gdata.auth.extract_auth_sub_token_from_url(self.request.uri) client.UpgradeToSessionToken(sessionToken) logging.info(client.GetAuthSubToken()) what gets logged is "None" so that does seem right :-( if I use this: temp = client.upgrade_to_session_token(sessionToken) logging.info(dump(temp)) I get this: {'scopes': ['http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/'], 'auth_header': 'AuthSub token=CNKe7drpFRDzp8uVARjD-s-wAg'} so I can see that I am getting a AuthSub Token and I guess I could just parse that and grab the token but that doesn't seem like the way things should work. If I try to use AuthSubTokenInfo I get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Applications/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/webapp/__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "controllers/indexController.py", line 47, in get logging.info(client.AuthSubTokenInfo()) File "/Users/matthusby/Dropbox/appengine/projects/FBCal/gdata/service.py", line 938, in AuthSubTokenInfo token = self.token_store.find_token(scopes[0]) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable so it looks like my token_store is not getting filled in correctly, is that something I should be doing? Also I am using gdata 2.0.9 Thanks Matt

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  • Importing Sqlite data into Google App Engine

    - by Keck
    I have a relatively extensive sqlite database that I'd like to import into my Google App Engine python app. I've created my models using the appengine API which are close, but not quite identical to the existing schema. I've written an import script to load the data from sqlite and create/save new appengine objects, but the appengine environment blocks me from accessing the sqlite library. This script is only to be run on my local app engine instance, and from there I hope to push the data to google. Am I approaching this problem the wrong way, or is there a way to import the sqlite library while running in the local instance's environment?

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  • Is there a performance gain from defining routes in app.yaml versus one large mapping in a WSGIAppli

    - by jgeewax
    Scenario 1 This involves using one "gateway" route in app.yaml and then choosing the RequestHandler in the WSGIApplication. app.yaml - url: /.* script: main.py main.py from google.appengine.ext import webapp class Page1(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.response.out.write("Page 1") class Page2(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.response.out.write("Page 2") application = webapp.WSGIApplication([ ('/page1/', Page1), ('/page2/', Page2), ], debug=True) def main(): wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(application) if __name__ == '__main__': main() Scenario 2: This involves defining two routes in app.yaml and then two separate scripts for each (page1.py and page2.py). app.yaml - url: /page1/ script: page1.py - url: /page2/ script: page2.py page1.py from google.appengine.ext import webapp class Page1(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.response.out.write("Page 1") application = webapp.WSGIApplication([ ('/page1/', Page1), ], debug=True) def main(): wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(application) if __name__ == '__main__': main() page2.py from google.appengine.ext import webapp class Page2(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.response.out.write("Page 2") application = webapp.WSGIApplication([ ('/page2/', Page2), ], debug=True) def main(): wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(application) if __name__ == '__main__': main() Question What are the benefits and drawbacks of each pattern? Is one much faster than the other?

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  • GAE datastore - count records between one minute ago and two minutes ago?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am using GAE datastore with python and I want to count and display the number of records between two recent dates. for examples, how many records exist with a time signature between two minutes ago and three minutes ago in the datastore. Thank you. #!/usr/bin/env python import wsgiref.handlers from google.appengine.ext import db from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from datetime import datetime class Voice(db.Model): when = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) class MyHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): voices = db.GqlQuery( 'SELECT * FROM Voice ' 'ORDER BY when DESC') values = { 'voices': voices } self.response.out.write(template.render('main.html', values)) def post(self): voice = Voice() voice.put() self.redirect('/') self.response.out.write('posted!') def main(): app = webapp.WSGIApplication([ (r'.*', MyHandler)], debug=True) wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(app) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel, why ?

    - by zjm1126
    class FirstModel(db.Model): p = db.StringProperty() r=db.ReferenceProperty(SecondModel) class SecondModel(db.Model): r = db.ReferenceProperty(FirstModel) class sss(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): a=FirstModel() a.p='sss' a.put() b=SecondModel() b.r=a b.put() a.r=b a.put() self.response.out.write(str(b.r.p)) the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\zjm_code\helloworld\a.py", line 158, in get a.r=b File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3009, in __set__ value = self.validate(value) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\db\__init__.py", line 3048, in validate (self.name, self.reference_class.kind())) KindError: Property r must be an instance of SecondModel thanks

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  • Algorithm design, "randomising" timetable schedule in Python although open to other languages.

    - by S1syphus
    Before I start I should add I am a musician and not a native programmer, this was undertook to make my life easier. Here is the situation, at work I'm given a new csv file each which contains a list of sound files, their length, and the minimum total amount of time they must be played. I create a playlist of exactly 60 minutes, from this excel file. Each sample played the by the minimum number of instances, but spread out from each other; so there will never be a period where for where one sound is played twice in a row or in close proximity to itself. Secondly, if the minimum instances of each song has been used, and there is still time with in the 60 min, it needs to fill the remaining time using sounds till 60 minutes is reached, while adhering to above. The smallest duration possible is 15 seconds, and then multiples of 15 seconds. Here is what I came up with in python and the problems I'm having with it, and as one user said its buggy due to the random library used in it. So I'm guessing a total rethink is on the table, here is where I need your help. Whats is the best way to solve the issue, I have had a brief look at things like knapsack and bin packing algorithms, while both are relevant neither are appropriate and maybe a bit beyond me.

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  • How do I create a named temporary file on windows in Python?

    - by Chris B.
    I've got a Python program that needs to create a named temporary file which will be opened and closed a couple times over the course of the program, and should be deleted when the program exits. Unfortunately, none of the options in tempfile seem to work: TemporaryFile doesn't have a visible name NamedTemporaryFile creates a file-like object. I just need a filename. I've tried closing the object it returns (after setting delete = False) but I get stream errors when I try to open the file later. SpooledTemporaryFile doesn't have a visible name mkstemp returns both the open file object and the name; it doesn't guarantee the file is deleted when the program exits mktemp returns the filename, but doesn't guarantee the file is deleted when the program exits I've tried using mktemp1 within a context manager, like so: def get_temp_file(suffix): class TempFile(object): def __init__(self): self.name = tempfile.mktemp(suffix = '.test') def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, ex_type, ex_value, ex_tb): if os.path.exists(self.name): try: os.remove(self.name) except: print sys.exc_info() return TempFile() ... but that gives me a WindowsError(32, 'The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process'). The filename is used by a process my program spawns, and even though I ensure that process finishes before I exit, it seems to have a race condition out of my control. What's the best way of dealing with this? 1 I don't need to worry about security here; this is part of a testing module, so the most someone nefarious could do is cause our unit tests to spuriously fail. The horror!

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  • In Python epoll can I avoid the errno.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.EAGAIN ?

    - by davyzhang
    I wrote a epoll wrapper in python, It works fine but recently I found the performance is not not ideal for large package sending. I look down into the code and found there's actually a LOT of error Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/dawn/Documents/workspace/work/dev/server/sandbox/single_point/tcp_epoll.py", line 231, in send_now num_bytes = self.sock.send(self.response) error: [Errno 35] Resource temporarily unavailable and previously silent it as the document said, so my sending function was done this way: def send_now(self): '''send message at once''' st = time.time() times = 0 while self.response != '': try: num_bytes = self.sock.send(self.response) l.info('msg wrote %s %d : %r size %r',self.ip,self.port,self.response[:num_bytes],num_bytes) self.response = self.response[num_bytes:] except socket.error,e: if e[0] in (errno.EWOULDBLOCK,errno.EAGAIN): #here I printed it, but I silent it in normal days #print 'would block, again %r',tb.format_exc() break else: l.warning('%r %r socket error %r',self.ip,self.port,tb.format_exc()) #must break or cause dead loop break except: #other exceptions l.warning('%r %r msg write error %r',self.ip,self.port,tb.format_exc()) break times += 1 et = time.time() I googled it, and says it caused by temporarily network buffer run out So how can I manually and efficiently detect this error instead it goes to exception phase? Because it cause to much time to rasie/handle the exception.

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  • Maintaining a Python web application: heavier vs lighter framework?

    - by Tiberiu Ana
    Five+ years from now, you are hired to support and extend a data-centric web application written in Python that hasn't been kept up to date. Would you rather prefer it was written in the current version of Django/Pylons at the time, using the available standard components, or kept minimal with something like CherryPy/web.py and a few library dependencies? Heavy framework Advantages: standard approach to application design and structure, as encouraged by framework; less application code to worry about. Disadvantages: requires learning the framework to understand how things work; broken things in old version of framework difficult to fix; upgrading to new version potentially difficult due to changing APIs; finding relevant documentation/help potentially difficult due to changing APIs. Light framework Advantages: most application code is directly "visible"; only needed features are implemented; architecture should be simpler to understand; less need to upgrade external dependencies; easier to upgrade external dependencies. Disadvantages: some reinventing the wheel; non-standard design and structure (with the associated unique issues and bugs). I will update the list with any helpful answers.

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  • How to implement a python REPL that nicely handles asynchronous output?

    - by andy
    I have a Python-based app that can accept a few commands in a simple read-eval-print-loop. I'm using raw_input('> ') to get the input. On Unix-based systems, I also import readline to make things behave a little better. All this is working fine. The problem is that there are asynchronous events coming in, and I'd like to print output as soon as they happen. Unfortunately, this makes things look ugly. The " " string doesn't show up again after the output, and if the user is halfway through typing something, it chops their text in half. It should probably redraw the user's text-in-progress after printing something. This seems like it must be a solved problem. What's the proper way to do this? Also note that some of my users are Windows-based. TIA Edit: The accepted answer works under Unixy platforms (when the readline module is available), but if anyone knows how to make this work under Windows, it would be much appreciated!

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  • Elegant way to take basename of directory in Python?

    - by user248237
    I have several scripts that take as input a directory name, and my program creates files in those directories. Sometimes I want to take the basename of a directory given to the program and use it to make various files in the directory. For example, # directory name given by user via command-line output_dir = "..." # obtained by OptParser, for example my_filename = output_dir + '/' + os.path.basename(output_dir) + '.my_program_output' # write stuff to my_filename The problem is that if the user gives a directory name with a trailing slash, then os.path.basename will return the empty string, which is not what I want. What is the most elegant way to deal with these slash/trailing slash issues in python? I know I can manually check for the slash at the end of output_dir and remove it if it's there, but there seems like there should be a better way. Is there? Also, is it OK to manually add '/' characters? E.g. output_dir + '/' os.path.basename() or is there a more generic way to build up paths? Thanks.

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  • Yet another Python Windows CMD mklink problem ... can't get it to work!

    - by Felix Dombek
    OK I have just posted another question which outlined my program but the specific problem was different. Now, my program just stops working without any message whatsoever. I'd be grateful if someone could help me here. I want to create symlinks for each file in a directory structure, all in one large flat folder, and have the following code by now: # loop over directory structure: # for all items in current directory, # if item is directory, recurse into it; # else it's a file, then create a symlink for it def makelinks(folder, targetfolder, cmdprocess = None): if not cmdprocess: cmdprocess = subprocess.Popen("cmd", stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE) print(folder) for name in os.listdir(folder): fullname = os.path.join(folder, name) if os.path.isdir(fullname): makelinks(fullname, targetfolder, cmdprocess) else: makelink(fullname, targetfolder, cmdprocess) #for a given file, create one symlink in the target folder def makelink(fullname, targetfolder, cmdprocess): linkname = os.path.join(targetfolder, re.sub(r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]", "-", fullname)) if not os.path.exists(linkname): try: os.remove(linkname) print("Invalid symlink removed:", linkname) except: pass if not os.path.exists(linkname): cmdprocess.stdin.write("mklink " + linkname + " " + fullname + "\r\n") So this is a top-down recursion where first the folder name is printed, then the subdirectories are processed. If I run this now over some folder, the whole thing just stops after 10 or so symbolic links. Here is the output: D:\Musik\neu D:\Musik\neu\# Electronic D:\Musik\neu\# Electronic\# tag & reencode D:\Musik\neu\# Electronic\# tag & reencode\ChillOutMix D:\Musik\neu\# Electronic\# tag & reencode\Unknown D&B D:\Musik\neu\# Electronic\# tag & reencode\Unknown D&B 2 The program still seems to run but no new output is generated. It created 9 symlinks for some files in the # tag & reencode and the first three files in the ChillOutMix folder. The cmd.exe Window is still open and empty, and shows in its title bar that it is currently processing the mklink command for the third file in ChillOutMix. I tried to insert a time.sleep(2) after each cmdprocess.stdin.write in case Python is just too fast for the cmd process, but it doesn't help. Does anyone know what the problem might be?

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  • How is it that json serialization is so much faster than yaml serialization in python?

    - by guidoism
    I have code that relies heavily on yaml for cross-language serialization and while working on speeding some stuff up I noticed that yaml was insanely slow compared to other serialization methods (e.g., pickle, json). So what really blows my mind is that json is so much faster that yaml when the output is nearly identical. >>> import yaml, cjson; d={'foo': {'bar': 1}} >>> yaml.dump(d, Dumper=yaml.SafeDumper) 'foo: {bar: 1}\n' >>> cjson.encode(d) '{"foo": {"bar": 1}}' >>> import yaml, cjson; >>> timeit("yaml.dump(d, Dumper=yaml.SafeDumper)", setup="import yaml; d={'foo': {'bar': 1}}", number=10000) 44.506911039352417 >>> timeit("yaml.dump(d, Dumper=yaml.CSafeDumper)", setup="import yaml; d={'foo': {'bar': 1}}", number=10000) 16.852826118469238 >>> timeit("cjson.encode(d)", setup="import cjson; d={'foo': {'bar': 1}}", number=10000) 0.073784112930297852 PyYaml's CSafeDumper and cjson are both written in C so it's not like this is a C vs Python speed issue. I've even added some random data to it to see if cjson is doing any caching, but it's still way faster than PyYaml. I realize that yaml is a superset of json, but how could the yaml serializer be 2 orders of magnitude slower with such simple input?

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  • Convert array to CSV/TSV-formated string in Python.

    - by dreeves
    Python provides csv.DictWriter for outputting CSV to a file. What is the simplest way to output CSV to a string or to stdout? For example, given a 2D array like this: [["a b c", "1,2,3"], ["i \"comma-heart\" you", "i \",heart\" u, too"]] return the following string: "a b c, \"1, 2, 3\"\n\"i \"\"comma-heart\"\" you\", \"i \"\",heart\"\" u, too\"" which when printed would look like this: a b c, "1,2,3" "i ""heart"" you", "i "",heart"" u, too" (I'm taking csv.DictWriter's word for it that that is in fact the canonical way to output that array as CSV. Excel does parse it correctly that way, though Mathematica does not. From a quick look at the wikipedia page on CSV it seems Mathematica is wrong.) One way would be to write to a temp file with csv.DictWriter and read it back with csv.DictReader. What's a better way? TSV instead of CSV It also occurs to me that I'm not wedded to CSV. TSV would make a lot of the headaches with delimiters and quotes go away: just replace tabs with spaces in the entries of the 2D array and then just intersperse tabs and newlines and you're done. Let's include solutions for both TSV and CSV in the answers to make this as useful as possible for future searchers.

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  • What is the best way to translate this recursive python method into Java?

    - by Simucal
    In another question I was provided with a great answer involving generating certain sets for the Chinese Postman Problem. The answer provided was: def get_pairs(s): if not s: yield [] else: i = min(s) for j in s - set([i]): for r in get_pairs(s - set([i, j])): yield [(i, j)] + r for x in get_pairs(set([1,2,3,4,5,6])): print x This will output the desire result of: [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)] [(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 6)] [(1, 2), (3, 6), (4, 5)] [(1, 3), (2, 4), (5, 6)] [(1, 3), (2, 5), (4, 6)] [(1, 3), (2, 6), (4, 5)] [(1, 4), (2, 3), (5, 6)] [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)] [(1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 5)] [(1, 5), (2, 3), (4, 6)] [(1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 6)] [(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4)] [(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 5)] [(1, 6), (2, 4), (3, 5)] [(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4)] This really shows off the expressiveness of Python because this is almost exactly how I would write the pseudo-code for the algorithm. I especially like the usage of yield and and the way that sets are treated as first class citizens. However, there in lies my problem. What would be the best way to: 1.Duplicate the functionality of the yield return construct in Java? Would it instead be best to maintain a list and append my partial results to this list? How would you handle the yield keyword. 2.Handle the dealing with the sets? I know that I could probably use one of the Java collections which implements that implements the Set interface and then using things like removeAll() to give me a set difference. Is this what you would do in that case? Ultimately, I'm looking to reduce this method into as concise and straightforward way as possible in Java. I'm thinking the return type of the java version of this method will likely return a list of int arrays or something similar. How would you handle the situations above when converting this method into Java?

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  • Where is my python script spending time? Is there "missing time" in my cprofile / pstats trace?

    - by fmark
    I am attempting to profile a long running python script. The script does some spatial analysis on raster GIS data set using the gdal module. The script currently uses three files, the main script which loops over the raster pixels called find_pixel_pairs.py, a simple cache in lrucache.py and some misc classes in utils.py. I have profiled the code on a moderate sized dataset. pstats returns: p.sort_stats('cumulative').print_stats(20) Thu May 6 19:16:50 2010 phes.profile 355483738 function calls in 11644.421 CPU seconds Ordered by: cumulative time List reduced from 86 to 20 due to restriction <20> ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 1 0.008 0.008 11644.421 11644.421 <string>:1(<module>) 1 11064.926 11064.926 11644.413 11644.413 find_pixel_pairs.py:49(phes) 340135349 544.143 0.000 572.481 0.000 utils.py:173(extent_iterator) 8831020 18.492 0.000 18.492 0.000 {range} 231922 3.414 0.000 8.128 0.000 utils.py:152(get_block_in_bands) 142739 1.303 0.000 4.173 0.000 utils.py:97(search_extent_rect) 745181 1.936 0.000 2.500 0.000 find_pixel_pairs.py:40(is_no_data) 285478 1.801 0.000 2.271 0.000 utils.py:98(intify) 231922 1.198 0.000 2.013 0.000 utils.py:116(block_to_pixel_extent) 695766 1.990 0.000 1.990 0.000 lrucache.py:42(get) 1213166 1.265 0.000 1.265 0.000 {min} 1031737 1.034 0.000 1.034 0.000 {isinstance} 142740 0.563 0.000 0.909 0.000 utils.py:122(find_block_extent) 463844 0.611 0.000 0.611 0.000 utils.py:112(block_to_pixel_coord) 745274 0.565 0.000 0.565 0.000 {method 'append' of 'list' objects} 285478 0.346 0.000 0.346 0.000 {max} 285480 0.346 0.000 0.346 0.000 utils.py:109(pixel_coord_to_block_coord) 324 0.002 0.000 0.188 0.001 utils.py:27(__init__) 324 0.016 0.000 0.186 0.001 gdal.py:848(ReadAsArray) 1 0.000 0.000 0.160 0.160 utils.py:50(__init__) The top two calls contain the main loop - the entire analyis. The remaining calls sum to less than 625 of the 11644 seconds. Where are the remaining 11,000 seconds spent? Is it all within the main loop of find_pixel_pairs.py? If so, can I find out which lines of code are taking most of the time?

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  • Return a list of imported Python modules used in a script?

    - by Jono Bacon
    Hi All, I am writing a program that categorizes a list of Python files by which modules they import. As such I need to scan the collection of .py files ad return a list of which modules they import. As an example, if one of the files I import has the following lines: import os import sys, gtk I would like it to return: ["os", "sys", "gtk"] I played with modulefinder and wrote: from modulefinder import ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder() finder.run_script('testscript.py') print 'Loaded modules:' for name, mod in finder.modules.iteritems(): print '%s ' % name, but this returns more than just the modules used in the script. As an example in a script which merely has: import os print os.getenv('USERNAME') The modules returned from the ModuleFinder script return: tokenize heapq __future__ copy_reg sre_compile _collections cStringIO _sre functools random cPickle __builtin__ subprocess cmd gc __main__ operator array select _heapq _threading_local abc _bisect posixpath _random os2emxpath tempfile errno pprint binascii token sre_constants re _abcoll collections ntpath threading opcode _struct _warnings math shlex fcntl genericpath stat string warnings UserDict inspect repr struct sys pwd imp getopt readline copy bdb types strop _functools keyword thread StringIO bisect pickle signal traceback difflib marshal linecache itertools dummy_thread posix doctest unittest time sre_parse os pdb dis ...whereas I just want it to return 'os', as that was the module used in the script. Can anyone help me achieve this?

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  • What is the easiest way to read wav-files using Python [summary]?

    - by Roman
    I want to use Python to access a wav-file and write its content in a form which allows me to analyze it (let's say arrays). I heard that "audiolab" is a suitable tool for that (it transforms numpy arrays into wav and vica versa). I have installed the "audiolab" but I had a problem with the version of numpy (I could not "from numpy.testing import Tester"). I had 1.1.1. version of numpy. I have installed a newer version on numpy (1.4.0). But then I got a new set of errors: Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 7, in import scikits.audiolab File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scikits/audiolab/init.py", line 25, in from pysndfile import formatinfo, sndfile File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scikits/audiolab/pysndfile/init.py", line 1, in from _sndfile import Sndfile, Format, available_file_formats, available_encodings File "numpy.pxd", line 30, in scikits.audiolab.pysndfile._sndfile (scikits/audiolab/pysndfile/_sndfile.c:9632) ValueError: numpy.dtype does not appear to be the correct type object I gave up to use audiolab and thought that I can use "wave" package to read in a wav-file. I asked a question about that but people recommended to use scipy instead. OK, I decided to focus on scipy (I have 0.6.0. version). But when I tried to do the following: from scipy.io import wavfile x = wavfile.read('/usr/share/sounds/purple/receive.wav') I get the following: Traceback (most recent call last): File "test3.py", line 4, in <module> from scipy.io import wavfile File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/scipy/io/__init__.py", line 23, in <module> from numpy.testing import NumpyTest ImportError: cannot import name NumpyTest So, I gave up to use scipy. Can I use just wave package? I do not need much. I just need to have content of wav-file in human readable format and than I will figure out what to do with that.

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