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  • What are appropriate ways to represent relationships between people in a database table?

    - by Emilio
    I've got a table of people - an ID primary key and a name. In my application, people can have 0 or more real-world relationships with other people, so Jack might "work for" Jane and Tom might "replace" Tony and Bob might "be an employee of" Rob and Bob might also "be married to" Mary. What's the best way to represent this in the database? A many to many intersect table? A series of self joins? A relationship table with one row per relationship pair and type, where I insert records for the relationship in both directions?

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  • Business Objects - Containers or functional?

    - by Walter
    Where I work, we've gone back and forth on this subject a number of times and are looking for a sanity check. Here's the question: Should Business Objects be data containers (more like DTOs) or should they also contain logic that can perform some functionality on that object. Example - Take a customer object, it probably contains some common properties (Name, Id, etc), should that customer object also include functions (Save, Calc, etc.)? One line of reasoning says separate the object from the functionality (single responsibility principal) and put the functionality in a Business Logic layer or object. The other line of reasoning says, no, if I have a customer object I just want to call Customer.Save and be done with it. Why do I need to know about how to save a customer if I'm consuming the object? Our last two projects have had the objects separated from the functionality, but the debate has been raised again on a new project. Which makes more sense? EDIT These results are very similar to our debates. One vote to one side or another completely changes the direction. Does anyone else want to add their 2 cents? EDIT Eventhough the answer sampling is small, it appears that the majority believe that functionality in a business object is acceptable as long as it is simple but persistence is best placed in a separate class/layer. We'll give this a try. Thanks for everyone's input...

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  • Maintaining integrity of Core Data Entities with many incoming one-to-many relationships

    - by Henry Cooke
    Hi all. I have a Core Data store which contains a number of MediaItem entities that describe, well, media items. I also have NewsItems, which have one-to-many relationships to a number of MediaItems. So far so good. However, I also have PlayerItems and GalleryItems which also have one-to-many relationships to MediaItems. So MediaItems are shared across entities. Given that many entities may have one-to-many relationships, how can I set up reciprocal relationships from a MediaItem to all (1 or more) of the entities which have relationships to it and, furthermore, how can I implement rules to delete MediaItems when the number of those reciprocal relationships drops to 0?

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  • java Properties - to expose or not to expose?

    - by ring bearer
    This might be an age old problem and I am sure everyone has their own ways. Suppose I have some properties defined such as secret.user.id=user secret.password=password website.url=http://stackoverflow.com Suppose I have 100 different classes and places where I need to use these properties. Which one is good (1) I create a Util class that will load all properties and serve them using a key constant Such as : Util is a singleton that loads all properties and keeps up on getInstance() call. Util myUtil = Util.getInstance(); String user = myUtil.getConfigByKey(Constants.SECRET_USER_ID); String password = myUtil.getConfigByKey(Constants.SECRET_PASSWORD); .. //getConfigByKey() - inturns invokes properties.get(..) doSomething(user, password) So wherever I need these properties, I can do steps above. (2) I create a meaningful Class to represent these properties; say, ApplicationConfig and provide getters to get specific properties. So above code may look like: ApplicationConfig config = ApplicationConfig.getInstance(); doSomething(config.getSecretUserId(), config.getPassword()); //ApplicationConfig would have instance variables that are initialized during // getInstance() after loading from properties file. Note: The properties file as such will have only minor changes in the future. My personal choice is (2) - let me hear some comments?

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  • Style guide for database metadata naming

    - by Nulldevice
    We want to establish some database metadata naming rules in our new project. For example: tables are named as nouns in a plural form (courses, books, lessons) if present, an adjective goes before a noun in a table name and is separated by an underscore (red_books, new_lessons) table index column is always named "id" foreign key names are derived from a table name with suffix _id (book_id, red_book_id) so on Does someone know any guide like this?

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  • why is java.lang.Throwable a class?

    - by mdma
    In java adjectives ending in -able are interfaces Serializable, Comparable etc... So why is Throwable a class? Wouldn't exception handling be easier if Throwable were an interface? Obviously, changing it now is out the question. But could it be made abstract? Wouldn't that avoid the bad practice of throw new Throwable();

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  • Writing fortran robust and "modern" code

    - by Blklight
    In some scientific environments, you often cannot go without FORTRAN as most of the developers only know that idiom, and there is lot of legacy code and related experience. And frankly, there are not many other cross-platform options for high performance programming ( C++ would do the task, but the syntax, zero-starting arrays, and pointers are too much for most engineers ;-) ). I'm a C++ guy but I'm stuck with some F90 projects. So, let's assume a new project must use FORTRAN (F90), but I want to build the most modern software architecture out of it. while being compatible with most "recent" compilers (intel ifort, but also including sun/HP/IBM own compilers) So I'm thinking of imposing: global variable forbidden, no gotos, no jump labels, "implicit none", etc. "object-oriented programming" (modules with datatypes + related subroutines) modular/reusable functions, well documented, reusable libraries assertions/preconditions/invariants (implemented using preprocessor statements) unit tests for all (most) subroutines and "objects" an intense "debug mode" (#ifdef DEBUG) with more checks and all possible Intel compiler checks possible (array bounds, subroutine interfaces, etc.) uniform and enforced legible coding style, using code processing tools C stubs/wrappers for libpthread, libDL (and eventually GPU kernels, etc.) C/C++ implementation of utility functions (strings, file operations, sockets, memory alloc/dealloc reference counting for debug mode, etc.) ( This may all seem "evident" modern programming assumptions, but in a legacy fortran world, most of these are big changes in the typical programmer workflow ) The goal with all that is to have trustworthy, maintainable and modular code. Whereas, in typical fortran, modularity is often not a primary goal, and code is trustworthy only if the original developer was very clever, and the code was not changed since then ! (i'm a bit joking here, but not much) I searched around for references about object-oriented fortran, programming-by-contract (assertions/preconditions/etc.), and found only ugly and outdated documents, syntaxes and papers done by people with no large-scale project involvement, and dead projects. Any good URL, advice, reference paper/books on the subject?

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  • add schema to path in postgresql

    - by veilig
    I'm the process of moving applications over from all in the public schema to each having their own schema. for each application, I have a small script that will create the schema and then create the tables,functions,etc... to that schema. Is there anyway to automatically add a newly created schema to the search_path? Currently, the only way I see is to find the users current path SHOW search_path; and then add the new schema to it SET search_path to xxx,yyy,zzz; I would like some way to just say, append schema zzz to the users_search path. is this possible?

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  • Advantage of using a static member function instead of an equivalent non-static member function?

    - by jonathanasdf
    I was wondering whether there's any advantages to using a static member function when there is a non-static equivalent. Will it result in faster execution (because of not having to care about all of the member variables), or maybe less use of memory (because of not being included in all instances)? Basically, the function I'm looking at is an utility function to rotate an integer array representing pixel colours an arbitrary number of degrees around an arbitrary centre point. It is placed in my abstract Bullet base class, since only the bullets will be using it and I didn't want the overhead of calling it in some utility class. It's a bit too long and used in every single derived bullet class, making it probably not a good idea to inline. How would you suggest I define this function? As a static member function of Bullet, of a non-static member function of Bullet, or maybe not as a member of Bullet but defined outside of the class in Bullet.h? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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  • MYSQL Event to update another database table

    - by Lee
    Hey All, I have just taken over a project for a client and the database schema is in a total mess. I would like to rename a load of fields make it a relationship database. But doing this will be a painstaking process as they have an API running of it also. So the idea would be to create a new database and start re-writing the code to use this instead. But I need a way to keep these tables in sync during this process. Would you agree that I should use MYSQL EVENT's to keep updating the new table on Inserts / updates & deletes?? Or can you suggest a better way?? Hope you can advise !! thanks for any input I get

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  • Usability: call for action

    - by Shyam
    I am designing a page, with tiny portlets. Now, I personally like my actions on the right side, yet I wonder if there are methodologies that are targeted about usability. After all, most applications are aimed at the user. What about yourself? Do you prefer information to be on top, on the left or on the right? I've you need to take some sort of action, do you prefer buttons on the left? References to good books and webpages are very welcome!

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  • How does this code break the Law of Demeter?

    - by Dave Jarvis
    The following code breaks the Law of Demeter: public class Student extends Person { private Grades grades; public Student() { } /** Must never return null; throw an appropriately named exception, instead. */ private synchronized Grades getGrades() throws GradesException { if( this.grades == null ) { this.grades = createGrades(); } return this.grades; } /** Create a new instance of grades for this student. */ protected Grades createGrades() throws GradesException { // Reads the grades from the database, if needed. // return new Grades(); } /** Answers if this student was graded by a teacher with the given name. */ public boolean isTeacher( int year, String name ) throws GradesException, TeacherException { // The method only knows about Teacher instances. // return getTeacher( year ).nameEquals( name ); } private Grades getGradesForYear( int year ) throws GradesException { // The method only knows about Grades instances. // return getGrades().getForYear( year ); } private Teacher getTeacher( int year ) throws GradesException, TeacherException { // This method knows about Grades and Teacher instances. A mistake? // return getGradesForYear( year ).getTeacher(); } } public class Teacher extends Person { public Teacher() { } /** * This method will take into consideration first name, * last name, middle initial, case sensitivity, and * eventually it could answer true to wild cards and * regular expressions. */ public boolean nameEquals( String name ) { return getName().equalsIgnoreCase( name ); } /** Never returns null. */ private synchronized String getName() { if( this.name == null ) { this.name == ""; } return this.name; } } Questions How is the LoD broken? Where is the code breaking the LoD? How should the code be written to uphold the LoD?

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  • Sequence numbers best practice

    - by Abdullah Jibaly
    What's the best practice or well known methods to implement sequence numbers for business entities such as invoices, purchase orders, job numbers, etc? I want to be able to save the latest value in the database and be able to set it programatically. Is it OK to use a table for this purpose that has a SEQUENCE_NAME, SEQUENCE_NUMBER tuple? I know some databases have a first class sequence type but others (eg, MySQL) do not so it's not something I want to rely on. If a table is used to hold these sequences what is the right way to get and increment them in a synchronized fashion to ensure no data inconsistencies arise?

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  • What are some best practises and "rules of thumb" for creating database indexes?

    - by Ash
    I have an app, which cycles through a huge number of records in a database table and performs a number of SQL and .Net operations on records within that database (currently I am using Castle.ActiveRecord on PostgreSQL). I added some basic btree indexes on a couple of the feilds, and as you would expect, the peformance of the SQL operations increased substantially. Wanting to make the most of dbms performance I want to make some better educated choices about what I should index on all my projects. I understand that there is a detrement to performance when doing inserts (as the database needs to update the index, as well as the data), but what suggestions and best practices should I consider with creating database indexes? How do I best select the feilds/combination of fields for a set of database indexes (rules of thumb)? Also, how do I best select which index to use as a clustered index? And when it comes to the access method, under what conditions should I use a btree over a hash or a gist or a gin (what are they anyway?).

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  • Branchless memory manager?

    - by Richard Fabian
    Anyone thought about how to write a memory manager (in C++) that is completely branch free? I've written a pool, a stack, a queue, and a linked list (allocating from the pool), but I am wondering how plausible it is to write a branch free general memory manager. This is all to help make a really reusable framework for doing solid concurrent, in-order CPU, and cache friendly development. Edit: by branchless I mean without doing direct or indirect function calls, and without using ifs. I've been thinking that I can probably implement something that first changes the requested size to zero for false calls, but haven't really got much more than that. I feel that it's not impossible, but the other aspect of this exercise is then profiling it on said "unfriendly" processors to see if it's worth trying as hard as this to avoid branching.

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  • Database Table of Boolean Values

    - by guazz
    What's the best method of storing a large number of booleans in a database table? Should I create a column for each boolean value or is there a more optimal method? Employee Table IsHardWorking IsEfficient IsCrazy IsOverworked IsUnderpaid ...etc.

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  • How do I correctly model data in SQL-based databases that have some columns in common, but also have

    - by Brandon Weiss
    For instance, let's say I have a User model. Users have things like logins, passwords, e-mail addresses, avatars, etc. But there are two types of Users that will be using this site, let's say Parents and Businesses. I need to store some different information for the Parents (e.g. childrens' names, domestic partner, salaries, etc.) than for the Businesses (e.g. industry, number of employees, etc.), but also some of it is the same, like logins and passwords. How do I correctly structure this in a SQL-based database? Thanks!

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  • When should I use Dependency Injection and when utility methods?

    - by Roman
    I have a Java EE project with Spring IoC container. I've just found in Utils class static method sendMail(long list of params). I don't know why but I feel that it would look better if we had separate class (Spring bean with singleton scope) which will be responsible for sending email. But I can't find any arguments which can prove my position. So, are there any pros (or cons) in using DI in this (rather general) situation?

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  • Why Use PHP OOP over Basic Functions and When?

    - by Codex73
    There are some posts about this matter, but I didn't clearly get when to use Object Oriented coding and when to use programmatic functions in an include. Somebody also mentioned to me that OOP is very heavy to run, and makes more workload. Is this right? Lets say I have a big file with 50 functions, why will I want to call these in a class? and not by function_name(). Should I switch and create object which holds all of my functions? What will be the advantage or specific difference? What benefits does it bring to code OOP in php ? Modularity?

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  • how to run this qt script? (newbie question)

    - by GB_J
    I have a qt script(barchart.qs) that creates a graph for me. I don't know how i can incorporate(ie show the graph) in my qt mainwindow. Can some one please help me look at the code and what its outputs are? I tried engine.evaluate, but i do not know what is the QScriptValue i'm getting in return. Thanks sooo much. This is the script: BarChart.prototype = new QWidget; BarChart.prototype.suffix = ""; function BarChart(parent) { QWidget.call(this, parent); } // find the maximum value and widest (pixel-wise) label and suffix BarChart.prototype.showEvent = function(event) { var fm = new QFontMetrics(this); this.margin = 20; this.titleHeight = fm.height(); this.barHeight = 1.5 * fm.height(); this.barSpacing = 0.6 * fm.height(); this.maxValue = this.suffixWidth = this.labelWidth = 0; var count = 0; for (d in this.data) { this.labelWidth = Math.max(this.labelWidth, fm.width(d)); this.maxValue = Math.max(this.maxValue, this.data[d]); this.suffixWidth = Math.max(this.suffixWidth, fm.width(String(this.data[d]) + " " + this.suffix)); count++; } this.startHue = 15; this.hueDelta = 360 / count; this.size = new QSize(640, this.titleHeight + 2 * this.margin + (this.barHeight + this.barSpacing) * count); } BarChart.prototype.paintEvent = function(event) { var p = new QPainter; p.begin(this); // background and title p.fillRect(this.rect, new QBrush(new QColor(255, 255, 255))); p.drawText(0, 0, this.width, this.margin + this.titleHeight, Qt.AlignCenter, this.windowTitle, 0); var ofs = this.labelWidth + this.margin; var ww = this.width - this.suffixWidth - ofs - 2 * this.margin; var hue = this.startHue; var y = 0; p.translate(this.margin, this.titleHeight + 1.5 * this.margin); for (d in this.data) { // label on the left side p.setPen(new QColor(Qt.black)); p.drawText(0, y, this.labelWidth, this.barHeight, Qt.AlignVCenter + Qt.AlignRight, d, 0); // the colored bar var gradient = new QLinearGradient(new QPoint(ofs, y), new QPoint(ofs, y + this.barHeight)); gradient.setColorAt(0, QColor.fromHsv(hue, 255, 240)); gradient.setColorAt(1, QColor.fromHsv(hue, 255, 92)); p.setBrush(new QBrush(gradient)); p.setPen(new QColor(96, 96, 96)); var bw = this.data[d] * ww / this.maxValue; p.drawRect(ofs, y, bw, this.barHeight); // extra text at the end of the bar var text = new String(this.data[d] + " " + this.suffix); p.setPen(new QColor(Qt.black)); p.drawText(ofs + bw + this.margin/2, y, this.suffixWidth, this.barHeight, Qt.AlignVCenter + Qt.AlignLeft, text, 0); // for the next bar y += (this.barHeight + this.barSpacing); hue += this.hueDelta; if (hue >= 360) hue -= 360; } p.end(); } BarChart.prototype.wheelEvent = function(event) { this.startHue += event.delta() / 8 / 5; if (this.startHue = 360) this.startHue -= 360; if (this.startHue < 0) this.startHue += 360; this.update(); event.ignore(); } BarChart.prototype.mousePressEvent = function(event) { var fname = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(this, "Save", ".", "*.png", 0, 0); if (fname.length > 0) { var img = new QImage(this.size, QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied); this.render(img); img.save(new QFile(fname)); } } var chart = new BarChart; chart.windowTitle = "Monthly"; chart.suffix = "reports"; chart.data = { "September" : 45, "October" : 60, "November" : 56, "December" : 0 }; chart.show(); QCoreApplication.exec();

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  • Validating class and superclass on RoR

    - by Luís Guilherme
    In ruby, you have an attribute called "type" which is the class of the object. Rails stores this at the database in a column called type. So, if I have several blog "types", I can do something like this def create @blog = Blog.new(params[:blog]) @blog[:type] = params[:blog][:type] # ... end If I add someone like this, and then load it, and ask its class (for instance, at the console), I have the right class name answered back. However, when I save it afterwards, rails will run only the superclass validators, not the ones I defined in the subclass. How should I make rails run the subclass validators?

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  • In .NET, Why Can I Access Private Members of a Class Instance within the Class?

    - by AMissico
    While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? I would like to know the "why" I can do this. Please explain, don't just tell me the rule. Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class Class Foo Public Property Value() As Integer Get Return _int End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) _int = value * 2 End Set End Property Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo.Value = 4 'what you would expect to do because _int is private _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class

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