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  • parameters in a seo url

    - by Marius
    This should be a very simple question for seo experts. Let's say we have the following URLs: http://www.test.com/some-sort-of-page http://www.test.com/some-sort-of-page?pgid1189 http://www.test.com/some-sort-of-page/page/1189 http://www.test.com/page/1189/some-sort-of-page The first one is an ideal solution. What i need to do is to somehow pass a resource identifier in the url to know exactly what this url is pointing to, since it can be pointing to a lot of different things. In the second URL, "pgid" specifies that the resource is a "page". URLs 3 and 4 specify the same thing differently. I do not care if the URL is friendly to people, because, let's face it - 99.9% of people will never ever ever bother to remember such url no matter how "friendly" it is. So the question is: which of the last 3 URLs would be the best solution for search engines? My guess is it would be the 2nd with query string, but i might be wrong. Thanks for your thoughts P.S. please don't offer using the first url. There's no problem using it, but the question is not about that.

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  • Packing jar files into library jar files

    - by Hillel
    Firstly, this question is not about packing a simple jar file (e.g. lwjgl) into a runnable jar file. I know how to do this using JarSplice. So if I have a game which uses JInput, I will pack my game jar and jinput.jar using JarSplice and enter the natives in the process. The problem arises when I want to create a custom library that uses JInput, and then pack that into my games. See, the whole idea of writing a game library is that I don't ever have to even copy code like the wrapper I wrote for JInput Controller, and I always have a definitive version inside a library jar. Basically what I wanna do is create a jar file of my library, pack jinput.jar into it using JarSplice, possibly with the natives as well, and then when I want to export a jar of my game, I either export it automatically through Eclipse with the library jar, or, if that doesn't work, use JarSplice. I've tried several solutions, and nothing works. When I try to pack the game jar and the library jar using JarSplice, I get an error saying that there's either duplicate .project or .classpath. When I try to export my game through Eclipse with the library jar, it won't run (which is to be expected), but then, if I try to attach the natives with JarSplice, it doesn't give me any errors but the jar doesn't run. I'm not expecting anyone to solve this, but if anyone has an idea, something that will allow me to never look at the Gamepad code ever again, that would be awesome. I don't care if I have to package my library jar using JarSplice 5 times, and then do the same with the game jar, as long as it works. Otherwise I'll just have to copy the Gamepad class into every project alongside the library jar. :(

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  • Flightradar24 Maps Global Air Traffic in Real Time

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Flightradar24 is a real time flight tracking service that shows you where thousands of planes are at any given time. Whether you’re an aviation buff or just want to show a worried kid that mom’s flight is almost home, they have you covered. Flightradar24 is a free service that tracks flights using data from the FAA and ADS-B to display the status of flights across the globe. You can filter the information to see only certain planes, planes originating from certain airports, planes at various altitudes, and more. The interface is accessible via their web site as well as via iOS and Android devices. Hit up the link below to take it for a spin. Flightradar24 How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates How to Get Pro Features in Windows Home Versions with Third Party Tools HTG Explains: Is ReadyBoost Worth Using?

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  • moving from wpf to html5

    - by HighCore
    I don't even know if this is the right StackExchange site to post this question. If it isn't, please excuse me and please let me know which would be the right one. I am an experienced WPF developer, and I seriously love the technology. I feel pretty good when working with XAML, bindings, templates, triggers, MVVM and all the WPF world of goodness. Now I have recieved a job offer which surpasses my current salary by 50%. It a position to work as a C# developer in an ASP.Net MVC4 + HTML5 project. I have never EVER in my whole life worked with ASP.Net, nor HTML and I never ever did a web page or web application before. I certainly find myself worried that I will lose all the comfort and joy I live every day coding in WPF. And in the other hand I understand and have seen in these 3/4 months of job hunting that there's a LOT of ASP.Net and really really little or no WPF in the job market (at least here), so I somehow feel forced towards it. So, my question is: Can anybody who had to go thru this type of change tell me the pros and cons of working with these technologies from a developer's perspective? I don't care about open-source / non-microsoft or non-desktop, I care about REAL development experience in every day working with these techs, and whether ASP.Net MVC 4 + HTML + JS is as crappy as I think it is comparing it to WPF.

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  • Slides and Pictures from PowerShell Saturday Columbus 2012

    - by Brian Jackett
    On March 10th, 2012 the first ever PowerShell Saturday conference took place in Columbus, OH and I couldn’t be happier with the outcome.  We had 100 attendees from 10 different states (the biggest surprise to me) come to see 6 speakers present on a variety of PowerShell topics: introduction, WMI, SharePoint, Active Directory, Exchange, 3rd party products and more.      A big thank you also goes out to a number of people. Planning committee Wes Stahler, lead organizer of PowerShell Saturday Columbus, president of Central Ohio PowerShell User Group Ed “Microsoft Scripting Guy” Wilson Teresa “The Scripting Wife” Wilson Ashley McGlone Brian T. Jackett (myself) Speakers Ed Wilson Ashley McGlone James Brundage Trevor Sullivon Daniel Cruz Volunteer Lisa Gardner, fellow Microsoft PFE volunteered her time on a Saturday to assist with smooth operation of the day Facility Coordination Debbie Carrier, facilities coordinator for the Columbus Microsoft Office and helped us out greatly with the venue   Slides and Script Samples    I presented my session on “PowerShell for the SharePoint 2010 Developer”.  Below you can download the slides and script samples.   Photos    I wasn’t able to take took many pictures (only 3) as I was busy doing my presentation, answering questions, and taking care of random items throughout the day.   Pictures on Facebook    click here Pictures on SkyDrive (higher res) PowerShell Saturday Columbus Mar '12 VIEW SLIDE SHOW DOWNLOAD ALL   Conclusion    I’m very happy that this first ever PowerShell Saturday was a success.  My fellow PFE and speaker Ashley McGlone also has a short write-up on his blog about the event (click here).  I have heard rumors that there are other cities starting to plan their own local events.  When I hear more details I’ll spread the word here and on Twitter.         -Frog Out

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  • I have a bad install of Windows on another hard drive and it won't let me install a fresh copy. How do I fix it in Ubuntu 12.04?

    - by Dana LaBerge
    Basically, there was a security issue in the drivers for my graphics card. It was a 64-bit card and I installed 32-bit Windows. Apparently, before SP1 was available, which fixed that issue, 6 trojan horses got in. They stopped SP1 from installing. After going through the ringer several times, I finally talked to a person who knew the problem. It was something about how the drivers tried to transfer between the 32-bit OS and the 64-bit card that left me open. Ever since, my computer has been slow and has had weird issues. Like tinypic wouldn't ever load. Also, certain programs wouldn't install. So I eventually talk to the dude that knew the problem and he takes the reigns and does some diagnostics. He tells me that to fix it I have to format the hard drive and do a fresh install. I'm okay with that because I was planning on it anyway, to upgrade to the 64-bit version. The problem is, how do I do that? I have the disk to install the new copy, but when I go to install it, it tells me I can't and to check the log file. However, I don't know where that log file is, and it wiped my install of Windows out. How do I find the file and as a different route to get to the goal, how do I zero out the drive from Ubuntu 12.04? (I installed the 64-bit version just the other day)

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  • Developing an internet-enabled application as a Kiosk on Windows 7

    - by maple_shaft
    I am finalizing development of a desktop Java application that communicates with an outside web server, and now I need to start seriously considering deployment. This application will run on a large touchscreen all-in-one workstation running Windows 7. It will be located in a public-area and thus must be LOCKED-DOWN Hanibal Lecter style. Early in the project nobody really concerned themselves with this fact just assuming that we can buy some magical software for Windows 7 that will automatically take care of all this, however I am finding now that this looks to be a LOT more complicated than my manager ever thought. I need to: - Lock down the standard hot-keys (ALT+TAB, ALT+CTRL+DEL, etc...) Prevent the user from opening ANY programs other than the kiosk application and its spawned executables Prevent the user from closing the application Start the kiosk application on startup (this can be done without kiosk software) Auto-login to Windows on reboot (Windows Updates, power failure, bratty kid pressing the power button, etc...) Administrator passcode escape sequence for routine maintenance by desktop support professionals. To my dismay I am having a really hard time finding software that contains the whole package and am finding numerous swaths of competing information on the best way to do this. I am not necessarily looking for free or open source software and am willing to pay for software that can help me achieve this. Have any of you ever wrote kiosk software before and if so what approaches have you taken to do this?

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  • Code Monster Helps Introduce Kids (and Curious Adults) to the Basics of Programming

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    If you’re looking for a fun way to introduce a kid to programming (or sate your own curiosity), Crunchzilla’s Code Monster is a real-time introduction to basic programming concepts. How does Code Monster work? Users are guided through the programming experience (using JavaScript) by a talkative blue monster that asks questions about the code and suggests courses of action. Play long enough and you travel from simple variables to more complex ideas like conditionals, expressions, and more. It’s not a comprehensive programming curriculum (nor does it claim to be) but it’s a great way to introduce people of all ages to programming. Hit up the link below to take it for a spin. Code Monster [via O'Reilly Radar] 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux 14 Special Google Searches That Show Instant Answers How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates

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  • How to See Your Current Wi-Fi Connection Speed in Mac OS X

    - by The Geek
    Ever since I’ve been using my new MacBook Air, I’ve been befuddled by how to do some of the simplest tasks in Mac OS X that I would normally do from my Windows laptop—like show the connection speed for the current Wi-Fi network. So am I using Wireless-N or not? Normally, on my Windows 7 laptop, all I’d have to do is hover over the icon, or pop up the list—you can even go into the network details and see just about every piece of data about the network, all from the system tray. Here’s how to see your current connection information on your Mac Latest Features How-To Geek ETC The Complete List of iPad Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials The 50 Best Registry Hacks that Make Windows Better The How-To Geek Holiday Gift Guide (Geeky Stuff We Like) LCD? LED? Plasma? The How-To Geek Guide to HDTV Technology The How-To Geek Guide to Learning Photoshop, Part 8: Filters Improve Digital Photography by Calibrating Your Monitor Free Shipping Day is Friday, December 17, 2010 – National Free Shipping Day Find an Applicable Quote for Any Programming Situation Winter Theme for Windows 7 from Microsoft Score Free In-Flight Wi-Fi Courtesy of Google Chrome Peaceful Winter Road at Sunset Wallpaper Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Why Pac-Man’s Ghosts Move the Way They Do

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  • Learn To Adjust Contrast Like a Pro in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET

    - by Eric Z Goodnight
    Brightness and Contrast tools are for beginners! Ever wondered what graphics programs offer advanced users to ensure their photographs have a great value range? Read on to learn about Levels, Curves, and Histograms in three major programs. Curves and Levels are not as intuitive as the more basic Brightness and Contrast sliders Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET all share. However, they offer a great deal more control over images that professionals and skilled image editors will demand. Combine these tools with a knowledge of how basic histograms work, and you’ll be well on your way to editing contrast like a pro! Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Learn To Adjust Contrast Like a Pro in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET Have You Ever Wondered How Your Operating System Got Its Name? Should You Delete Windows 7 Service Pack Backup Files to Save Space? What Can Super Mario Teach Us About Graphics Technology? Windows 7 Service Pack 1 is Released: But Should You Install It? How To Make Hundreds of Complex Photo Edits in Seconds With Photoshop Actions Add a “Textmate Style” Lightweight Text Editor with Dropbox Syncing to Chrome and Iron Is the Forcefield Really On or Not? [Star Wars Parody Video] Google Updates Picasa Web Albums; Emphasis on Sharing and Showcasing Uwall.tv Turns YouTube into a Video Jukebox Early Morning Sunrise at the Beach Wallpaper Data Networks Visualized via Light Paintings [Video]

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  • Desktop Fun: Football (Soccer) Customization Set

    - by Asian Angel
    Whether you follow the game at an international level, play in a local league of your own, or just play for fun, football (soccer) is an awesome game to be involved in. Now you can bring the passion and excitement of the game straight to your desktop with our Football (Soccer) Customization set Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Make Hundreds of Complex Photo Edits in Seconds With Photoshop Actions How to Enable User-Specific Wireless Networks in Windows 7 How to Use Google Chrome as Your Default PDF Reader (the Easy Way) How To Remove People and Objects From Photographs In Photoshop Ask How-To Geek: How Can I Monitor My Bandwidth Usage? Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Lucky Kid Gets Playable Angry Birds Cake [Video] See the Lord of the Rings Epic from the Perspective of Mordor [eBook] Smart Taskbar Is a Thumb Friendly Android Task Launcher Comix is an Awesome Comics Archive Viewer for Linux Get the MakeUseOf eBook Guide to Speeding Up Windows for Free Need Tech Support? Call the Star Wars Help Desk! [Video Classic]

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  • Little mysterious RowMatch

    - by kishore.kondepudi(at)oracle.com
    Incidentally this was the first piece of code i ever wrote in ADF.The requirement was we have tax rates which are read from a table.And there can be different type of tax rates called certificates or exceptions based on the rate_type column in the tax rates table.The simplest design i chose was to create an EO on the tax rates table and create two VO's called CertificateVO and ExceptionVO based on the same EO.So far so good.I wrote all the business logic in the EO and completed the model project.The CertificateVO has the query as select * from tax_rates TaxRateEO where rate_type='CERTIFICATE' and similary the ExceptionVO is also built.The UI is pretty simple and it has two tabs called Certificates and Exceptions and each table has a button to create a tax rate.The certificate tab is driven by CertificateVO and exception tab is driven by ExceptionVO.The CertificateVO has default value of rate_type set to 'CERTIFICATE' and ExceptionVO has default value of rate_type to 'EXCEPTION' to default values for new records.So far so good.But on running the UI i noticed a strange thing,When i create a new row in Certificate i see the same row in Exception too and vice-versa.i.e; what ever row i create in one VO it also appears in the second one although it shouldn't be.I couldn't understand the reason for behavior even though an explicit where clause is present.Digging through documentation i found that ADF doesnt apply the where clause to new rows instead it applies something called as RowMatch to them.RowMatch in simple terms is a where condition applied to the VO rows at runtime.Since we had both VO's based on the same EO we have the same entity cache.The filter factor for new rows to be shown in VO at runtime is actually RowMatch than the where clause defined in the VO.The default RowMatch is empty as a result any new row appears in both the VO's since its from same entity cache.The solution to this problem is to use polymorphic view objects which can do the row filter based on configuration or override the getRowMatch() method in the VOImpl and pass the custom where filter instead of default RowMatch.Eg:@Overridepublic RowMatch getRowMatch(){    return new RowMatch("rate_type='CERTIFICATE'");}similarly for ExceptionVO too.With proper RowMatch in place new rows will route themselves to appropriate VO.PS: The behavior(Same row pushed to both VO's from entity cache) is also called as ViewLink Consistency.Try it out!

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  • Is it worth to learn programming for windows?

    - by Herr Kaleun
    as a programmer, i was skeptical about (Microsoft) desktop software back in the early 2000s (i was a kid then) and yet, i was right. So i advanced to PHP in 2004 and began working on Web applications. When i look at the software world today, i really can't understand, how software for Microsoft or call it, "windows" should have a future. Is it still worth, learning it? I have a strong feeling that, in about 3-4 years, mac will have the dominance in the Personal Computer market. If i am wrong, please correct me. Thanks!

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  • I'm doing hobby programming; what programming methodologies (e.g. XP, Agile...) do you recommend me to read up on?

    - by Anto
    Most of you would probably just call me a kid (I'm 15). I'm doing hobby programming (I started fiddling around with ActionScript 2.0 in Flash 8 when I was 11, now I do mostly C, Python and Java). As I'm 15, I won't get a job for a long period of time (I'm going to spend years in academia before that) and thus this question is not about which programming methodologies you recommend me to read up on for a software engineering job, but instead which methodologies should a hobby programmer read about? What will a hobby developer learn from reading about your recommendation(s)?

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  • Looking for 2D Cross platform suggestions based on requirements specified

    - by MannyG
    I am an intermediate developer with minor experience on enterprise mobile applications for iphone, android and blackberry looking to build my first ever mobile game. I did a google search for some game dev forums and this popped up so I thought I would try posting here as I lack luck elsewhere. If you have ever heard of the game for the iphone and android platform entitled avatar fight then you will have an idea of the graphic capabilities I require. Basically the battles which are automated one sprite attacking another doing cool animations but all in 2d. My buddy and I have two motivations, one is to jump into mobile Dev as my experience is limited as is his so we would like some trending knowledge (html5 would be nice to learn) . The other is to make some money on the side, don't expect much but polishing the game and putting our all will hopefully reward us a bit. We have looked into corona engine, however a lot of people are saying it is limited in the graphics department, we are open to learning new languages like lua, c++, python etc. Others we have looked at include phonegap, rhomobile, unity, and the list goes on. I really have no idea what the pros and cons of these are but for a basic battle sequence and some mini games we want to chose the right one. Some more things that we will be doing include things like card games, side scrolling flying object based games, maybe fishing stuff. We want to start small with these minigames and work our way up to the idea we would like to implement in the future. We only want to work in 2D. So with these requirements please help me chose a platform to work on (cross platform is what we are ideally leaning towards). Please feel free to throw in some pieces of advice you may have for newbie game developers like myself too. Thank you for reading!

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  • What do you do if you reach a design dead-end in evolutionary methods like Agile or XP?

    - by Dipan Mehta
    As I was reading Martin Fowler's famous blog post Is Design Dead?, one of the striking impressions I got is that given the fact that in Agile Methodology and Extreme Programming, the design as well as programming is evolutionary, there are always points where things need to get refactored. It may be possible that when a programmer's level is good, and they understand design implications and don't make critical mistakes, the code continues to evolve. However, in a normal context, what is the ground reality in this context? In a normal day given some significant development goes into product, and when critical change occurs in requirement isn't it a constraint that how much ever we wish, fundamental design aspects cannot be modified? (without throwing away major part of the code). Is it not quite likely that one reaches dead-end on any further possible improvement on design and requirements? I am not advocating any non-Agile practice here, but I want to know from people who practice agile or iterative or evolutionary development methods, as for their real experiences. Have you ever reached such dead-ends? How have you managed to avoid it or escaped it? Or are there measures to ensure that design remains clean and flexible as it evolves?

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  • Visiting China

    - by Bill Graziano
    This summer I had the chance to visit China.  My brother and his wife are living in China and teaching English.  I spent a little over two weeks in Shanghai, Suzhou and Yancheng.  During that time I wrote some detailed updates for family and a few close friends on the impressions of a good Midwestern kid visiting the Middle Kingdom. I dumped them all into one document, did a little editing and now they’re posted.  You can download it here.  Below you can see my futile attempts to eat using chopsticks and me posing as a tourist on Nanjing Road in Shanghai.  The only thing I can say about chopsticks is that I didn’t starve.

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  • Detecting Units on a Grid

    - by hammythepig
    I am making a little turn based strategy game in pygame, that uses a grid system as the main map to hold all the characters and the map layout. (Similar to Fire Emblem, or Advance Wars) I am trying to determine a way to quickly and efficiently (i.e. without too much of a slow down) check if there are any characters within a given range of the currently selected character. So to illustrate: O = currently selected character X = squares within range Range of 1: X X O X X Range of 2: X X X X X X O X X X X X X Range of 3: X X X X X X X X X X X X O X X X X X X X X X X X X Now I have to tell the user who is in range, and I have to let the user choose who to attack if there are multiple enemies in range. If I have a 5x5 grid, filled with " " for empty and numbers for the characters: [ ][ ][ ][ ][4] [ ][1][ ][ ][ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ][ ][2][3][ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Depending on which character the user selects, I would like to show the user which other characters are in range. So if they all had a range of 3: 1 can hit 2 2 can hit 1 or 3 3 can hit 2 4 cannot hit anyone. So, How do I quickly and/or efficiently run though my grid and tell the user where the enemies are? PS- As a bonus, if someone could give an answer that could also work for a minimum distance type range, I would give them a pat on the back and a high five, should they ever travel to Canada and we ever meet in life. For example: Range of 3 to 5: (- is out of range) X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X - - - X X X X X X - - O - - X X X X X X - - - X X X X X X - X X X X X X X X X X X X

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  • Sucking Less Every Year?

    - by AdityaGameProgrammer
    Sucking Less Every Year -Jeff Atwood I had come across this insightful article.Quoting directly from the post I've often thought that sucking less every year is how humble programmers improve. You should be unhappy with code you wrote a year ago. If you aren't, that means either A) you haven't learned anything in a year, B) your code can't be improved, or C) you never revisit old code. All of these are the kiss of death for software developers. How often does this happen or not happen to you? How long before you see an actual improvement in your coding ? month, year? Do you ever revisit Your old code? How often does your old code plague you? or how often do you have to deal with your technical debt. It is definitely very painful to fix old bugs n dirty code that we may have done to quickly meet a deadline and those quick fixes ,some cases we may have to rewrite most of the application/code. No arguments about that. Some of the developers i had come across argued that they were already at the evolved stage where their coding doesn't need improvement or cant get improved anymore. Does this happen? If so how many years into coding on a particular language does one expect this to happen? Related: Ever look back at some of your old code and grimace in pain? Star Wars Moment in Code "Luke! I am your code!" "No! Impossible! It can't be!"

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  • The Iron Bird Approach

    - by David Paquette
    It turns out that designing software is not so different than designing commercial aircraft.  I just finished watching a video that talked about the approach that Bombardier is taking in designing the new C Series aircraft.  I was struck by the similarities to agile approaches to software design.  In the video, Bombardier describes how they are using an Iron Bird to work through a number of design questions in advance of ever having a version of the aircraft that can ever be flown.  The Iron Bird is a life size replica of the plane.  Based on the name, I would assume the plane is built in a very heavy material that could never fly.  Using this replica, Bombardier is able to valid certain assumptions such as the length of each wire in the electric system.  They are also able to confirm that some parts are working properly (like the rudders).  They even go as far as to have a complete replica of the cockpit.  This allows Bombardier to put pilots in the cockpit to run through simulated take-off and landing sequences. The basic tenant of the approach seems to be Validate your design early with working prototypes Get feedback from users early, well in advance of finishing the end product   In software development, we tend to think of ourselves as special.  I often tell people that it is difficult to draw comparisons to building items in the physical world (“Building software is nothing like building a sky scraper”).  After watching this video, I am wondering if designing/building software is actually a lot like designing/building commercial aircraft.   Watch the video here (http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/video/video-selling-the-c-series/article4400616/)

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  • [OT] : Tagged : SQL Dream Cars

    - by AaronBertrand
    Steve Jones ( blog | twitter ) posted an entry today called "SQL Dream Cars," where he talks briefly about 5 of the cars he would love to own. He then tagged a few of us to share our lists. Before I get to mine, I wanted to reflect a bit on one of Steve's choices, the Ferrari 308 GTS. I remember when I was a kid, maybe 10 or 11 years old - after Magnum PI made that Ferrari 308 so popular - that a local doctor in North Bay had one. His name was Dr. Fazzarri (and I apologize if I've spelled that wrong);...(read more)

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  • How to Transfer All Your Information to a New PS3

    - by Justin Garrison
    The PlayStation 3 now costs half the price, has double the storage, and uses half the power. If you need another reason to upgrade, Sony also makes it easy to transfer all of your information to a new console. Transferring all of your games, data, and settings is easier than ever, and all you need is an ethernet cable. Read on as we walk you through the whole process of setting up your new PS3 and wiping all your information off the old one. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Learn To Adjust Contrast Like a Pro in Photoshop, GIMP, and Paint.NET Have You Ever Wondered How Your Operating System Got Its Name? Should You Delete Windows 7 Service Pack Backup Files to Save Space? What Can Super Mario Teach Us About Graphics Technology? Windows 7 Service Pack 1 is Released: But Should You Install It? How To Make Hundreds of Complex Photo Edits in Seconds With Photoshop Actions Hack Apart a Highlighter to Create UV-Reactive Flowers [Science] Add a “Textmate Style” Lightweight Text Editor with Dropbox Syncing to Chrome and Iron Is the Forcefield Really On or Not? [Star Wars Parody Video] Google Updates Picasa Web Albums; Emphasis on Sharing and Showcasing Uwall.tv Turns YouTube into a Video Jukebox Early Morning Sunrise at the Beach Wallpaper

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  • A quick hello to the Western Kentucky .NET User Group

    - by Muljadi Budiman
    A few days back, I got a chance to speak at the Western Kentucky .NET User Group meeting in Murray, Kentucky.  The opportunity came up because the original speaker, Jeff Blankenburg, had another obligation and was thus unable to come to this meeting.  I volunteered to deliver his presentation, which is an overview of MIX10 conference. It was a great experience for me; got to drive around and do a little bit of sight-seeing – can’t say I’ve ever been to Kentucky before, so first trip ever there.  I got to meet the user group’s current lead, Tom Turner and got to chat and discuss about all kinds of stuff with the other members.  Cheers to Matt Gawarecki and Brandon Sharp! The presentation itself mostly covers new features in Visual Studio 2010, which was recently released on April 12 – got to demonstrate Historical Debugging in IntelliTrace, Parallel Stacks, View Call Hierarchy and show some Extensions.  We also covered some of the new functionalities in Silverlight 4 (using webcams, drag & drop support among others) and I got to show off Scott Guthrie’s Windows Phone 7 Twitter app.  Altogether, it was quite a bit to cover in 70 minutes or so, but I think everyone enjoyed it. Jeff provided me with the presentation slides (which I modify a bit) and demo applications; so I’m putting it up here for those that may be interested in downloading them.  Please keep in mind that all the demos were made with VS2010 RC, so there may be slight tweaks to get it to work on the RTM version.

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  • Inside the DLR – Invoking methods

    - by Simon Cooper
    So, we’ve looked at how a dynamic call is represented in a compiled assembly, and how the dynamic lookup is performed at runtime. The last piece of the puzzle is how the resolved method gets invoked, and that is the subject of this post. Invoking methods As discussed in my previous posts, doing a full lookup and bind at runtime each and every single time the callsite gets invoked would be far too slow to be usable. The results obtained from the callsite binder must to be cached, along with a series of conditions to determine whether the cached result can be reused. So, firstly, how are the conditions represented? These conditions can be anything; they are determined entirely by the semantics of the language the binder is representing. The binder has to be able to return arbitary code that is then executed to determine whether the conditions apply or not. Fortunately, .NET 4 has a neat way of representing arbitary code that can be easily combined with other code – expression trees. All the callsite binder has to return is an expression (called a ‘restriction’) that evaluates to a boolean, returning true when the restriction passes (indicating the corresponding method invocation can be used) and false when it does’t. If the bind result is also represented in an expression tree, these can be combined easily like so: if ([restriction is true]) { [invoke cached method] } Take my example from my previous post: public class ClassA { public static void TestDynamic() { CallDynamic(new ClassA(), 10); CallDynamic(new ClassA(), "foo"); } public static void CallDynamic(dynamic d, object o) { d.Method(o); } public void Method(int i) {} public void Method(string s) {} } When the Method(int) method is first bound, along with an expression representing the result of the bind lookup, the C# binder will return the restrictions under which that bind can be reused. In this case, it can be reused if the types of the parameters are the same: if (thisArg.GetType() == typeof(ClassA) && arg1.GetType() == typeof(int)) { thisClassA.Method(i); } Caching callsite results So, now, it’s up to the callsite to link these expressions returned from the binder together in such a way that it can determine which one from the many it has cached it should use. This caching logic is all located in the System.Dynamic.UpdateDelegates class. It’ll help if you’ve got this type open in a decompiler to have a look yourself. For each callsite, there are 3 layers of caching involved: The last method invoked on the callsite. All methods that have ever been invoked on the callsite. All methods that have ever been invoked on any callsite of the same type. We’ll cover each of these layers in order Level 1 cache: the last method called on the callsite When a CallSite<T> object is first instantiated, the Target delegate field (containing the delegate that is called when the callsite is invoked) is set to one of the UpdateAndExecute generic methods in UpdateDelegates, corresponding to the number of parameters to the callsite, and the existance of any return value. These methods contain most of the caching, invoke, and binding logic for the callsite. The first time this method is invoked, the UpdateAndExecute method finds there aren’t any entries in the caches to reuse, and invokes the binder to resolve a new method. Once the callsite has the result from the binder, along with any restrictions, it stitches some extra expressions in, and replaces the Target field in the callsite with a compiled expression tree similar to this (in this example I’m assuming there’s no return value): if ([restriction is true]) { [invoke cached method] return; } if (callSite._match) { _match = false; return; } else { UpdateAndExecute(callSite, arg0, arg1, ...); } Woah. What’s going on here? Well, this resulting expression tree is actually the first level of caching. The Target field in the callsite, which contains the delegate to call when the callsite is invoked, is set to the above code compiled from the expression tree into IL, and then into native code by the JIT. This code checks whether the restrictions of the last method that was invoked on the callsite (the ‘primary’ method) match, and if so, executes that method straight away. This means that, the next time the callsite is invoked, the first code that executes is the restriction check, executing as native code! This makes this restriction check on the primary cached delegate very fast. But what if the restrictions don’t match? In that case, the second part of the stitched expression tree is executed. What this section should be doing is calling back into the UpdateAndExecute method again to resolve a new method. But it’s slightly more complicated than that. To understand why, we need to understand the second and third level caches. Level 2 cache: all methods that have ever been invoked on the callsite When a binder has returned the result of a lookup, as well as updating the Target field with a compiled expression tree, stitched together as above, the callsite puts the same compiled expression tree in an internal list of delegates, called the rules list. This list acts as the level 2 cache. Why use the same delegate? Stitching together expression trees is an expensive operation. You don’t want to do it every time the callsite is invoked. Ideally, you would create one expression tree from the binder’s result, compile it, and then use the resulting delegate everywhere in the callsite. But, if the same delegate is used to invoke the callsite in the first place, and in the caches, that means each delegate needs two modes of operation. An ‘invoke’ mode, for when the delegate is set as the value of the Target field, and a ‘match’ mode, used when UpdateAndExecute is searching for a method in the callsite’s cache. Only in the invoke mode would the delegate call back into UpdateAndExecute. In match mode, it would simply return without doing anything. This mode is controlled by the _match field in CallSite<T>. The first time the callsite is invoked, _match is false, and so the Target delegate is called in invoke mode. Then, if the initial restriction check fails, the Target delegate calls back into UpdateAndExecute. This method sets _match to true, then calls all the cached delegates in the rules list in match mode to try and find one that passes its restrictions, and invokes it. However, there needs to be some way for each cached delegate to inform UpdateAndExecute whether it passed its restrictions or not. To do this, as you can see above, it simply re-uses _match, and sets it to false if it did not pass the restrictions. This allows the code within each UpdateAndExecute method to check for cache matches like so: foreach (T cachedDelegate in Rules) { callSite._match = true; cachedDelegate(); // sets _match to false if restrictions do not pass if (callSite._match) { // passed restrictions, and the cached method was invoked // set this delegate as the primary target to invoke next time callSite.Target = cachedDelegate; return; } // no luck, try the next one... } Level 3 cache: all methods that have ever been invoked on any callsite with the same signature The reason for this cache should be clear – if a method has been invoked through a callsite in one place, then it is likely to be invoked on other callsites in the codebase with the same signature. Rather than living in the callsite, the ‘global’ cache for callsite delegates lives in the CallSiteBinder class, in the Cache field. This is a dictionary, typed on the callsite delegate signature, providing a RuleCache<T> instance for each delegate signature. This is accessed in the same way as the level 2 callsite cache, by the UpdateAndExecute methods. When a method is matched in the global cache, it is copied into the callsite and Target cache before being executed. Putting it all together So, how does this all fit together? Like so (I’ve omitted some implementation & performance details): That, in essence, is how the DLR performs its dynamic calls nearly as fast as statically compiled IL code. Extensive use of expression trees, compiled to IL and then into native code. Multiple levels of caching, the first of which executes immediately when the dynamic callsite is invoked. And a clever re-use of compiled expression trees that can be used in completely different contexts without being recompiled. All in all, a very fast and very clever reflection caching mechanism.

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  • From Oracle PL/SQL Developer to Java programmer - Is it a good decision? [on hold]

    - by user3554231
    I will explain my question in simple words. I have little over 1 year experience in Oracle. My dream is to be "called" as a 'Developer', be it database developer if not software developer. But right now I don't develop anything neither I am in good touch with PL/SQL and other Oracle Utilites like SQL*LOADER, shell scripting and stuff like that as I am only a System Analyst where I analyze and configure database using SQL queries. To be honest, I know very basic PL/SQL and good knowledge in SQL but that won't ever give me a chance to be a developer as I am lagging way behind the "real" developers knowledge. Now I feel I should learn JAVA as well so that I can cope up with the competition. But I am too scared to learn new things as it will take much more time which will indirectly increase my useless work experince(just analyzing) which values nothing in todays market. Moreover that, I am too lazy to work hard i.e. to study and not to work during office hours. To sum it up I am lazy and confused and scared but I want to learn things as well but don't know if I am intelligent enough to learn whole of PL/SQL or to master any other language. Is there any other way from which I can feel confident? Actually I even feel sometimes that after 2-3 years if I still don't achieve my goal, I won't ever be able to reach my destination. I just want to live my dream of being a developer. Give me some tips and hopes but not false hopes.

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