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• making a programming language

  - by None

  I was wondering which way would create a faster programming language, because I have tried both. Writing code that takes the text, splits it by whitespace or newlines or something, then processes each line and has a dictionary for variables. Or writing code that takes text and converts it to another programming language. This is an example of how a very simple version of the first way would be programmed in python: def run(code): text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": print "hi" second: def run(code): rcode = "" text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": rcode += "print 'hi'"

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• difference between 2 pieces Python code

  - by draw

  Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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• before_filter not inheriting from parent controller correctly?

  - by Scott

  Sorry if this may be a stupid question but I'm unable get my filters to inherit the way the Rails 3 documentation is saying it should. Specifically I have an Admin controller that was generated via: rails generate controller admin I added only a single action to the admin controller, the before filter & the private filter method class AdminController < ApplicationController before_filter require_admin_creds def index end private def require_admin_creds unless current_user && current_user.admin? flash[:error] = ... redirect_to .... end end end I next then created my nested resources under the admin section with: rails generate scaffold admin/model While my admin index is indeed getting the filter, the admin/model index (or any other actions) are not. What is happening under the hood here that I must have excluded? Thanks in advance.

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• is counter has certain value inside a class in python

  - by mazlor

  i am learning classes in python and when i was reading the documentation i found this example that i didn't understand : class MyClass: """A simple example class""" def __init__(self): self.data = [] i = 12345 def f(self): return 'hello world' then if we assign : x = MyClass() x.counter = 1 now if we implement while loop : while x.counter < 10: x.counter = x.counter * 2 so the value of x.counter will be : 16 while for example if we have a variable y : y = 1 while y < 1 : y = y *2 then if we look for the value of y we find it 1 so i don't know how is the value of counter became 16 . thanks

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• Button in App on iOS 4.2 won't work properly

  - by MatthiasC

  My app, written for the iPad contains several UIButtons. One of them starts and stops an AVAudioPlayer: hitting the button once starts the player, hitting it again stops it accordingly. Rinse and repeat. This all works nicely on iOS version pre 4.2. When installing the App on an iPad with iOS 4.2, the button turns on and off the audio player exactly once, then stops working properly: after hitting the button, it turns into its selected state, but it does not start the audio player (as it should) and hitting the button again doesn't return it to its default state, either. As previously said: it's all fine and dandy pre 4.2, the problem only arises on the most current OS version. XCode 3.2.4 iPad with iOS 4.2

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• testing existing attribute of a @classmethod function, yields AttributeError

  - by alex

  i have a function which is a class method, and i want to test a attribute of the class which may or may not be None, but will exist always. class classA(): def __init__(self, var1, var2 = None): self.attribute1 = var1 self.attribute2 = var2 @classmethod def func(self,x): if self.attribute2 is None: do something i get the error AttributeError: class classA has no attribute 'attributeB' when i access the attribute like i showed but if on command line i can see it works, x = classA() x.attributeB is None True so the test works. if i remove the @classmethod decorator from func, the problem disapears. if i leave the @classmethod decorator, it only seems to affect variables which are supplied default values in the super-class's constructor. whats going on in the above code?

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• Wait until a webpage finished loading to load the next one in a list

  - by envy

  Hi! I'm using PyQT webView to visit some webpages I have stored on a dictionary the code is something like this: def loadLink(self, url): manager = QNetworkAccessManager() request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url)) self.ui.webView.load(QUrl(visitar)) def readUnreadLinks(self): print "Links to read: " + str(len(self.unreadLinks)) for link in self.unreadLinks: print "link-> " + str(link) self.loadLink(link) the problem is it doesn't wait until finished loading the web page and starts loading the next one. I want to load a webpage, wait until it finished loading and then load the next one. Thanks, this is driving me crazy :)

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• super(type,subclass) in simple singleton implementation

  - by Tianchen Wu

  when I was implementing naive singleton in python, I came up with a problem with super key word. As usual the behavior of super is always tricky and buggy, hope someone can shed light on it. Thanks :) The problem is that: class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls,*args,**kw): if not hasattr(cls,'_instance'): #create a instance of type cls, origin=super(Singleton,Singleton).__new__(cls,*args,**kw) cls._instance=origin return cls._instance class B(Singleton): def __init__(self,b): self.b=b It actually works, but I am wondering Will it be better if I change line 5 to the below, like in most of the books? origin=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**ks) what's the difference to make?

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• Why isn't the eigenclass equivalent to self.class, when it looks so similar?

  - by The Wicked Flea

  I've missed the memo somewhere, and I hope you'll explain this to me. Why is the eigenclass of an object different from self.class? class Foo def initialize(symbol) eigenclass = class << self self end eigenclass.class_eval do attr_accessor symbol end end end My train of logic that equates the eigenclass with class.self is rather simple: class << self is a way of declaring class methods, rather than instance methods. It's a shortcut to def Foo.bar. So within the reference to the class object, returning self should be identical to self.class. This is because class << self would set self to Foo.class for definition of class methods/attributes. Am I just confused? Or, is this a sneaky trick of Ruby meta-programming?

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• Programming in Python; writing a Caesar Cipher using a zip() method

  - by user1068153

  I'm working on a python program for homework and the problem asks me to develop a program that encrypts a message using a caesar cipher. I need to be able to have the user input a number to shift the encryption by, such as 4: e.g. 'A' to 'E'. The user also needs to input the string to be translated. The book says to use a zip() to do the problem. I am confused on how I would do this though. I have this but it doesn't do anything >>>def ceasarCipher(string, shift): strings = ['abc', 'def'] shifts = [2,3] for string, shift in zip(strings, shifts): print ceasarCipher(string,shift) >>>string = 'hello world' >>>shift = 1

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• how to use a wav file in eclipse

  - by AlphaAndOmega

  I've been trying to add audio to a project I've been doing. I found some code on here for html that is also supposed to work with file but it keeps saying "Exception in thread "main" javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException: could not get audio input stream from input file at javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(Unknown Source) at LoopSound.main(LoopSound.java:15)" the code public class LoopSound { public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable { File file = new File("c:\\Users\\rabidbun\\Pictures\\10177-m-001.wav"); Clip clip = AudioSystem.getClip(); // getAudioInputStream() also accepts a File or InputStream AudioInputStream wav = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream( file ); clip.open(wav); // loop continuously clip.loop(-1000); SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { // A GUI element to prevent the Clip's daemon Thread // from terminating at the end of the main() JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Close to exit!"); } }); } } What is wrong with the code?

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• iPhone/iPad fatal error in C++ code produces no output in the log

  - by morgancodes

  I'm trying to move away from Objective-C to C++ for audio in my iPad programming, due to the a few reports I've heard of Objective-C selectors sometimes causing audio glitches. So I'm starting to use pure C++ files. When a fatal error happens in one of the C++ files, I get no output from the log. The app just crashes. For example, if I do this in my C++ file: env = new ADSR(); cout << "setting env to null\n"; env = NULL; env->setSustainLevel(1); cout << "called function on non-initialized env\n"; I get the following output: setting env to null After that, there's a method called on NULL, which apparently kills the app, but absolutely nothing to that effect is reported. What do I need to do to have useful information logged when there's an error in my C++ code?

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• Calling from a parent file in python

  - by Teifion

  I have a file called main.py and a file called classes.py main.py contains the application and what's happening while class.py contains some classes. main.py has the following code main.py import classes def addItem(text): print text myClass = classes.ExampleClass() And then we have classes.py classes.py class ExampleClass (object): def __init__(self): addItem('bob') Surprisingly enough that's not the actual code I am using because I've stripped out anything that'd get in the way of you seeing what I want to do. I want to be able to call a method that's defined in main.py from a class within classes.py. How do I do this? Thanks in advance

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• Rails - How to connect Helper to Controller Module

  - by red eye

  I have helper: module BreadcrumbsHelper def breadcrumbs_cache_wrap(key, options, &block) ... end end And i extract part of Controller to module: module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs def default_breadcrumbs ... end class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs ... end Now i want to connect Helper to Controller. I can do it like this: class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end It's working. But can i incapsulate connection to Breadcrumbs Module? module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end Unfortunately this code is not working "undefined method `helper'".

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• Method overloading in groovy

  - by slojo

  I am trying to take advantage of the convenience of groovy's scripting syntax to assign properties, but having trouble with a specific case. I must be missing something simple here. I define class A, B, C as so: class A { A() { println "Constructed class A!" } } class B { B() { println "Constructed class B!" } } class C { private member C() { println "Constructed class C!" } def setMember(A a) { println "Called setMember(A)!" member = a } def setMember(B b) { println "Called setMember(B)!" member = b } } And then try the following calls in a script: c = new C() c.setMember(new A()) // works c.member = new A() // works c.setMember(new B()) // works c.member = new B() // doesn't work! The last assignment results in an error: 'Cannot cast object of class B to class A". Why doesn't it call the proper setMember method for class B like it does for class A?

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• In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

  - by Fred Haslam

  Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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• How do I find all the datetimes that happen on a particular date in ruby?

  - by Angela

  I have a method which goes through each day of the week: def dates_week(d, delim) "<tr>" + (d.beginning_of_week...(d.beginning_of_week+5)).map do |day| "<#{delim}> #{yield(day)} </#{delim}>" end.join + "</tr>" end For each day of the week, I plug that as an arg into a method (or maybe a named_scope, haven't figured out which), that will then output the .count for :all the emails that have a :date_sent on that date. However, :date_sent is a date-timestamp, so I can't use == as I have below. def sent_emails_by_date(date) ContactEmail.find(:all, :conditions => "date_sent = '#{date}'" " ).count end How do I find all the emails that fall on the day for the date passed through from the method which loops through a week as shown above?

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• Rails create_table query

  - by Steve

  Hi, I am a beginner in Rails. In the following code,there is an id which is set as false. What's the meaning of it? class CreateCoursesStudents < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :courses_students, :id => false do |t| t.integer :course_id, :null => false t.integer :student_id, :null => false end # Add index to speed up looking up the connection, and ensure # we only enrol a student into each course once add_index :courses_students, [:course_id, :student_id], :unique => true end def self.down remove_index :courses_students, :column => [:course_id, :student_id] drop_table :courses_students end end Thanks

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• Tkinter mouse event initially triggered

  - by user3714884

  I'm currently learning Tkinter and I cannot find a solution for my problem here nor outside Stackoverflow. In a nutshell, all events that I bind to my widgets are triggered initialy and don't respond to my actions. In this example, the red rectangle appears on the canvas when I run the code, and color=random.choice(['red', 'blue']) revealed that the event binding doesn't work after that: import Tkinter as tk class application(tk.Frame): def __init__(self, master=None): tk.Frame.__init__(self, master) self.can = tk.Canvas(master, width=200, height=200) self.can.bind('<Button-2>', self.draw()) self.can.grid() def draw(self): self.can.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill='red') app = application() app.mainloop() I use a Mac platform, but I haven't got a clue about its role in the problem. Could anyone please point me at the mistake i did here?

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• Rails: Thread won't affect database unless joined to main Thread

  - by hatboysam

  I have a background operation I would like to occur every 20 seconds in Rails given that some condition is true. It kicked off when a certain controller route is hit, and it looks like this def startProcess argId = self.id t = Thread.new do while (Argument.isRunning(argId)) do Argument.update(argId) Argument.markVotes(argId) puts "Thread ran" sleep 20 end end end However, this code does absolutely nothing to my database unless I call "t.join" in which case my whole server is blocked for a long time (but it works). Why can't the read commit ActiveRecords without being joined to the main thread? The thread calls methods that look something like def sample model = Model.new() model.save() end but the models are not saved to the DB unless the thread is joined to the main thread. Why is this? I have been banging my head about this for hours.

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• Is this a good approach to execute a list of operations on a data structure in Python?

  - by Sridhar Iyer

  I have a dictionary of data, the key is the file name and the value is another dictionary of its attribute values. Now I'd like to pass this data structure to various functions, each of which runs some test on the attribute and returns True/False. One approach would be to call each function one by one explicitly from the main code. However I can do something like this: #MYmodule.py class Mymodule: def MYfunc1(self): ... def MYfunc2(self): ... #main.py import Mymodule ... #fill the data structure ... #Now call all the functions in Mymodule one by one for funcs in dir(Mymodule): if funcs[:2]=='MY': result=Mymodule.__dict__.get(funcs)(dataStructure) The advantage of this approach is that implementation of main class needn't change when I add more logic/tests to MYmodule. Is this a good way to solve the problem at hand? Are there better alternatives to this solution?

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• get the list and input from one function and run them in different function

  - by rookie

  i have a programm that generate the list and then i ask them to tell me what they want to do from the menu and this is where my problem start i was able to get the input form the user to different function but when i try to use the if else condition it doesn't check, below are my code def menu(x,l): print (x) if x == 1: return make_table(l) if x == 2: y= input("enter a row (as a number) or a column (as an uppercase letter") if y in [ "1",'2','3']: print("Minmum is:",minimum(y,l)) if x== 3: print ('bye') def main(): bad_filename = True l =[] while bad_filename == True: try: filename = input("Enter the filename: ") fp = open(filename, "r") for f_line in fp: f_str=f_line.strip() f_str=f_str.split(',') for unit_str in f_str: unit=float(unit_str) l.append(unit) bad_filename = False except IOError: print("Error: The file was not found: ", filename) #print(l) condition=True while condition==True: print('1- open\n','2- maximum') x=input("Enter the choice") menu(x,l) main() from the bottom function i can get list and i can get the user input and i can get the data and move it in second function but it wont work after that.thank you

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• comma in regex in String.replaceAll() method?

  - by kknight

  My code tries to replace "," with "/" in a string. Should I escape "," in the regex string? Both of the two code snippets generated the same results, so I am confused. Code snippet 1: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll("\\,", "/")); Code snippet 2: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll(",", "/")); Should I use "," or "\,"? Which is safer? Thanks.

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• Typeclass instances for unnamed types in Scala

  - by ncreep

  How would one encode the following constraint in Scala (pseudocode)? def foo(x: T forSome { type T has a Numeric[T] instance in scope }) = { val n= implicitly[...] // obtain the Numeric instance for x n.negate(x) // and use it with x } In words: I need a type class instance for my input argument, but I don't care about the argument's type, I just need to obtain the instance and use it on my argument. It doesn't have to be an existential type, but I need to avoid type parameters in the def's signature. Thanks.

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• Binding multiple objects in Grails

  - by WaZ

  I have there domain classes: :: Person. (Person.ID, Name,Address) :: Designation.(Designation.ID, Title, Band) :: SalarySlip (Person.ID, Designation.ID, totalIncome, Tax etc etc.) In the update method the person controller when I assign a person a designation from a list of designation values I want to insert a new record inside SalarySlip. Something like: def update = { def SalarySlipInstance = new SalarySlip() SalarySlipInstance.Person.ID = Params.ID //is this correct? SalarySlipInstance.Designation.ID = ?? //since the value is coming from a list. How can I bind this field? } Much Appreciated, Thanks, WB

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